cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh

( iSudkaú;hs )

1|Page
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

m,uq tallh (- is;shï lshùu - MAP READING

ye|skaùu
ñksid b;d wE; w;S;fha isgu is;shï Ndú;d lr we;s njg b;sydih idlaIs orhs' yuqod lghq;=
j,oS is;shï Ndú;h w;HdjYH wx.hla fõ' tu.ska buy;a jq M, m%fhdack ,nd.; yelsh' ;ud
okakd fyda fkdokakd N+ñhl ls%hdldrlï j, fhoSfïoS is;shï Ndú;d lr fkdfhl=;a wjYH;d
bgqlr .kakd neúka fid,aodÿfjl= yg is;shï bf.kSu b;du;a jeo.;a fõ'

is;shula hkq l=ula o@

mDÓú mDIaGh muKla fkdj mDÓú wNHka;rho" id.r wNHka;rho is;shï u.ska
ksrEmkh l, yelsh' ñka bosrshg wm i,ld n,kqfha hqO yuqod lghq;= j,oS jeo.;a jk mD;=ú
mDIaGfha msysàu ms<sn|j ks¾udKh lr we;s N+ñ is;shu ms<sn|jhs'

is;shula hkq ksYaÑ; m%foaYhl fN!;sl" ixialD;sl ,laIK iïu; i,l=Kq yd

j¾K fhdod .ksñka lsishï mrsudKhlg wkqj me;,s ;,hl w|skq ,nk
ie,eiauls'

is;shï j¾.
 N+ñ is;shï - N+ñ ,laIK ksrEmKh lrhs'

 udkj f;dr;=re oelafjk is;shï - ud¾." j.djka"c,jyk yd f.dvke.s, wdosh'

^ñksid úiska ks¾ñ; f;dr;=re we;=,;a fõ&

 ie,iqï is;shï - ie,iqï ld¾hhka i|yd fhdod .ks' l=vd is;shï fõ'

 úfYaI is;shï - lsishï úfYaIs; ld¾hhla i|yd ilia lrk ,o is;shï'

 .=jka PdhdrEm" pkaøsld PdhdrEm

fïjdg wu;rj ;dlaIKfha oshKq qj;a iu.u úúO jq f;dr;=re oelafjk is;shï mrs.Kl
wdOdrfhka ks¾udKh fõ' úfYaIfhka kdúl yd .=jka hdkd j,g u.fmkaùu i|yd ixLHd;aul
f;dr;=re iys; mrs.Kl ixLHd is;shï we;'

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is;shï lshùu bf.k .ekSfuka ,efnk m%fhdack
 lsishï fkdokakd ia:dhlg fkdf.dia tu ia:dkfha f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj'
 N+ñfha úúO ia:dk w;r ÿr uek.ekSfï yelshdj yd tu ia:dk fj; .uka l, yels
myiq ud¾. fidhd .ekSug'
 bosrs l%h
s dkaú;" wNdHdi jev igyka ie,iqï lsßfï yelshdj'
 m%ydrhl§ wdOdrl fjä yd wdOdrl yuqod f.kajd .ekSfï yelshdj'
 yuqod lghq;= j,§ N+ñh Wmßu f,i fhdod .ekSfï yelshdj'
 i;=rd isák ia:dkh yd ;ud isákd ia:dkh fidhd .ekSfï yelshdj'

Y%S ,xldfõ is;shï

Y%s ,xldfõ ilia lrk ,o uq,au is;shï w;=frka tlls wÕf,a is;shï' th N=ñh u;
ie;mqï 10 l ÿr is;hs fï wÕ,lska ksrEmKh lrk neúka wÕf,a is;shï kñka ye¢kafõ'
wÕf,a is;shï 72 lska Y%s ,xld N+ñh wdjrKh flf¾'

Y%s ,xld 1 ( 50000 is;shï

ì%;dkH tall l%ufhka fuÜ%la tall Ndú;hg .ekSu ksid tf;la Ndú’;d l, wÕf,a
is;shu fjkqjg 1 ( 50000 fuá%la is;shï y÷kajd fokq ,eîh' j¾;udKfha yuqod lghq;= i|yd
nyq,j fhdod.kq ,nk is;shula f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' tls is;shulska N+ñh ls'ñ' 40 º 2 l N=ñ
m%udKhla wdjrKh flf¾' is;shul È. m,, fi'ñ' 80 º 50 ls' Y%s ,xldfõ fujeks is;shï 92
la ks¾udKh lr we;'

is;shula fldgia
 m¾hka; f;dr;=re - fuu.ska is;shul wh;ajk m%foaYh yd is;shu ms<sn| iïmQ¾K
ú.%yhla lr we;'
 is;shfï we;=,; f;dr;=re - is;shug wh;ajk m%foaYfha N+ ,laIK ^ifudaÑp f¾Ld"
l÷" .x.d we, fod, wdÈh& ixialD;sl ,laIK ^ckdjdi" ud¾. lghq;=" f.dvke.s,s yd
udhsï&

m¾hka; f;dr;=re

01' is;shu wh;a rg iy is;shï j¾.h 07' iïmdokh iy ixfYdaOkh

02' is;shfï ku is;shï h;=r 08' .%sâ f¾Ld uQ,drïNh
03' m;abre wxlh hdno 09' is;shï j, h;=r
04' uqøKh l< j¾Ih W;=re oelaùu 10' W;=re j¾.
05' iïu; i,l=Kq 11' mßudKh
06' mßmd,k m%foaYh 12' uqøKh l, fomd¾;fïka;=j

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iïu; i,l=Kq
N=ñhl we;s fN!;sl úIu;d yd ixialD;sl ,laIKhka is;shfï we| oelaùu i|yd
Wmfhda.S lr.kakd j¾K ixfla; iy i,l=Kq wlaIr wdÈh iïu; i,l=Kq f,i ye¢kafõ'
fïjd ñksiaiq úiska iïu;hla f,i fhdod .kakd w;r is;h
s ï j¾.h fjkia ùfïÈ ^Wod' wÕf,a
is;shï yd 1 ( 50000 is;shï & fjkiaùï j,g ,laúh yelsh'

1 ( 50000 is;shï iïu; i,l=Kq j¾. lSmhlg fnod oelaúh yelsh'

 udhsï
 ixialD;sl f;dr;=re
 uxudj;a
 ÿïßh ud¾.
 j.djka
 c, jykh
 N= úIu;d ,laIK
 fjk;a ixialD;sl ,laIK

is;shï mßudKh
´kEu is;shula w¢kq ,nkafka lsishï mßudKhlg l=vd lsßfuks' WodyrKhla f,i
N+ñfha ie;mqul ÿr m%udKhla is;shfï tla wÕ,la jk fia l=vd lr wÕf,a is;shu iliafldg
we;' ta wkqj is;shul lsishï ia:dk folla w;r i;H N+ñfha tu ia:dk foflys ÿr olajk
wkqmd;h mßudKh f,i ye¢kaúh yel

ksoiqka
1 ( 50000 is;shul ia:dk 02 la w;r ÿr fi'ñ' 01 la fõ kï tu ia:dk fol w;r i;H
N+ñfha ÿr fi'ñ' 50000 la fõ'
is;shfï fi'ñ'01 la N+ñfha fi'ñ' 50000
tu ksid fi'ñ'02 la N+ñfha fi'ñ' 100000
ta wkqj 1 ( 50000 is;shï j, N+ñfha lsñ 01 l ÿrla fiñ 02 lska ksrEmkh fõ'

iïu; mßudK j¾.

mrsudKh ifudap f¾Ld .%sâ f¾Ld wka;rh j¾.h

wka;rh
1000000 óg¾ 100 - l=vd mßudK is;shï
500000 óg¾ 50 ls'ñ' 10 l=vd mßudK is;shï
200000 ñg¾ 50 ls'ñ' 10 uOHu mßudK is;shï
100000 ñg¾ 25 ls'ñ' 05 uOHu mßudK is;shï
50000 óg¾ 20 fyda 10 ls'ñ' 01 úYd, mßudK is;shï
25000 óg¾ 10 ls'ñ' 01 k.r is;h
s ï
10000 óg¾ 10 fyda 05 ls'ñ' 01 k.r is;h
s ï
2500 óg¾ 100 ùÈ ie<iqï

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is;shï mßudKh l%u 03 lska olajd we;

 mßudKh wkqmd;hla f,i - ^Wod(- 1 ( 50000 fyda 1$50000 fuh

mßudK Nd.h f,i fyda Nd.Sh mßudKh f,i ye¢kafõ'&
 mßudK f¾Ld - f¾Ldjla u; mßudKh ,l=Kq lrhs' fuh f¾Åh
mßudKh kñka y÷kajhs'
 jdÑh mßudKh - iuyr is;shïj, mßudKh jpk j,ska ,shd we;
^Wod(-wÕ,g ie;mqï 01 hs&

ÿr ueksu
is;shï wdOdrfhka l%shdkaú; yd wNHdi ie<iqï lsÍfïÈ ia:dk w;r ÿr uek.ekSug
isÿfõ' ia:dk w;r ÿr fohdldrhls'

iDcq ÿr - fuhska woyia lrkqfha tu ia:dk fol w;r we;s tl t,af,a ÿr m%udKhhs‘ fuh
wyia ÿr ke;fyd;a .=jka ÿr hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'

jl% ÿr - jl% ÿr hkqfjka woyia lrkafka wod, ia:dk fol yryd jeà we;s ud¾.hka
Èf.a fyda Wml,ams; ud¾.hla Èf.a ia:dk fol w;r ÿr m%udKhhs'

N+ñh fj; fkdf.dia is;shu wdOdrfhka hï ia:dk w;r ÿr uek .ekSu ie<iqï ilia
lsÍfï È b;d m%fhdackj;a fõ' fuys§ isÿlrkafka is;shfï wod, ÿr m%udKhka uek ta N+ñfha
ÿrg mßj¾:kh lsßuhs' fuh l%u ;=klg isÿl, yelsh'

^w& wod, ia:dk w;r ÿr ^jl% ÿr fyda iDcq ÿr& kq,lska" lvodis máhlska fyda mßudK
fldaÿjlska uek tu ÿr is;h
s fï we;s ^m¾hka;fha& mßudK f¾Ldj u; f¾Ld ;eîfuka N+ñfha
ÿrg mßj¾:kh lr .ekSu úúO tall j,ska l%udxlkh lr we;' mßudK f¾Ld is;shï j,
fukau fiajd fldaKudK yd fldïmdiq j, igyka fuf,i i|yka lr we;'

^wd& fuysÈ is;shfï wod, ia:dk fol w;r" ÿr lsishï tallhlska ^fldaÿjlska& uek .kakd
w;r" mßudK Nd.h Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka i;H N==ñfha ÿrg mßj¾;kh lrkq ,efí'

Wod(- 1 ( 50000 is;shul A yd B ia:dk fol w;r" ukskq ,enq ÿr fi'ñ' 3'5
is;shfï ÿr - 3'5
mßudKh - 1$50000
N+ñfha ÿr - 3'5 �X 1$50000
A yd B w;r N=ñfha ÿr - 175000 cm 1'75 km

^we& Tmafida ógrh wdOdrfhka - úfYaIfhka ia:dk w;r jl% ÿr uekSu i|yd l=vd frdaohla
iys; Tmafida ógrh Z kñka WmlrKhla we;' tu WmlrKfha frdaoh wod, ud¾.h Èf.a
f.k hdfuka ÿr m%udKh uek .; yelsh'

tall mßj¾:kh
óg¾ 1000 - ls'ñ' 01
hdr 0'094 - óg¾ 01
hdr 1094 - ls'ñ' 01
wÕ,a 39'37 - óg¾ 01

5|Page
 ie;mqï 0'621 - ls'ñ' 01
óg¾ 0'914 - hdr 01
N=ñfha ÿr uekSu
is;shï lshùu wNHdi j,È uek.;a ÿr N=ñfha i,l=Kq lr.kafka mshjr j,ska uek
.ekSfuks' fid,aodÿfjla ;u mqyqKf
q jÈ wÕ,a 30 l mshjr ;eîug yqrefjhs' tfy;a N+ñfha
.uka lsßfïÈ tys iajNdjh ^újD; fyd m÷re iys; nj" ;eks;,d" l÷ nEjqï iys; nj& iy
Wiq,df.k hk nr m%udKh u; mshjfrys ÿr fjkiaúh yelsh'&

hdr 100 } mshjr 120 hs

ksoiqk(- 01' .uka l, hq;= ÿr ñg¾ 1750 ls kï mshjr .Kk 1750 X 1'2 } 2100 hs'
02' .uka l, hq;= ÿr ñg¾ 3600 la kï mshjr .Kk 3600 X 1'2 } 4752 hs'

úYd, mshjr ixLHdjla .Kka lsßfïÈ wu;lùu je<elaùu i|yd ,Kqjla fyda nQÜ f,aia
tlla jeks fohla mshjr 100 lg jrla tl .eghla jYfhka .eg.id .; yel'

ifudaÉp f¾Ld u.ska N+ ,laIK y÷kd .ekSu

is;shula oaúudk Ñ;%hla jqjo tys we;s ifudap f¾Ld yd fjk;a i,l=Kq u.ska Wi y÷kd
.eksfï yelshdj ,efí' fï i|yd ifudaÑp f¾Ld u.ska ks¾ñ; N+ ,laIK y÷kd .ekSu m%.=K
l, hq;=hs' fuysÈ jvd;a wjOdkh fhduql, hq;= jkafka
 Wi y÷kd .ekSu
 yevh jgyd .ekSu
 ifudaÑp f¾Ld - f¾Ld lsysmhlg jrla Wi i|ykalr we;'
 nxl= i,l=Kq - úYd, mßudKfha is;shï j, muKla oelsh yel'
 ;s%fldaKñ;sl Wi - ;s%fldaKñ;sl ia:dk j, Wi i|yka lr we;'
 ia:dkSh Wi - úYd, ;eks;,d iy idkqj, we;s Wia uqÿkaj, ia:dksh Wi i|yka lr we;'

ifudaÑp f¾Ld

uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg hï Wi ia:dk hdlrñka w¢kq ,enq f¾Ld úfYaIhls' 1 ( 50000 is;shï
j, Wi ñg¾ 20 .=Kdldr j,ska we| we;'

ifudaÑp f¾Ld .=Kdx.

 ÿUqre meyefhka we| we; ^ 1 ( 50000 is;shï j, f¾Ld y;rlg jrla miajk f¾Ldj
ñg¾ 100 jrla ;o ÿUqre meye f¾Ldjla we;&
 ifudaÑp f¾Ld wLKav f¾Ldjla Èf.a .uka l,fyd;a wdmiq wdrïNl ia:dkhg meñfKa'
ke;fyd;a fjk;a is;shulg hd flf¾'
 ifudaÑp f¾Ld tlsfkl yryd fkdhhs'
 ifudaÑp f¾Ld fndfydaúg tl u; .uka fkdlrhs'^b;d Wia oeä m%md;dldr nEjqul oS
isÿúh yelsh&

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.%sâ l%uh (Grid System)
tlsfklg ,ñnl jq f¾Ld foj¾.hla Wmfhda.s lrf.k is;shfï ia:dk$m%foaY wxl
u.ska ksrEmKh l, yels .%sâ l%uh yuqoduh is;shï j, muKla olakg ,efnk b;d id¾:l
l%uhls'

.%sâ f¾Ld (Grid Lines)

fuysÈ Wmfhda.s lr.kakd .%sâ f¾Ld j¾. folls' iEu f¾Ldjl fofl,jru b,lalï
foll ixLHdjla oelsh yelsh' fuh .%sâ f¾Ldfõ w.h fõ' oïmdáka we| we;' iEu f¾Ld 10
lg jrla we;s ;o oñmdg f¾Ldfõ fofl,jr muKla b,lalï follg jvd ixLHdjla olajd
we;'
1 ( 50000 is;shul hdno .%sâ f¾Ld fol w;r ienE N=ñfha ÿr óg¾ 1000 ls ^ 1km &

fmr È.eá (Easting)

is;shfï W;=re - ol=Kq ÈYd j,g úys§ we;s w;r" kef.kysr foig f¾Ldfõ w.h
jeäfõ' ^kef.kysrdxY f,io ye¢kafõ&

W;=re È.eá (Nothing)

is;shfï ngysr - kef.kysr ÈYd j,g úysÈ we;s w;r" W;=re foig f¾Ldfõ w.h
jeäfõ' ^W;a;rdxY f,io ye¢kafõ&

.%sâ kso¾Yk (Grid Reference)

.%sâ kso¾Yk ;=ka wdldrhls' tkï

 b,lalï 04 l%uh
 b,lalï 06 l%uh
 b,lalï 08 l%uh
´kEu .%sâ kso¾Yhl uq,a w¾Oh fmr È.eá j,ska o wjidk w¾Oh W;=re È.eá j,ska o
iukaú;h'

7|Page
b,lalï y;f¾ l%uh

m<uqj wod, .%sâ fldgqj ksjerj f;dard .kak' fuu .%sâ fldgqjg udhsï j, jákdlñka
wvq fmr È.eáfha w.h m<uqj;a jákdlñka wvq W;=re È.eáfha w.h fojkqj;a igyka lr
.kak' .%sâ fldgqj, uk#l,ams;j we|.;a wl=f¾ yevfhka by; w.h ,nd.;a .%sâ f¾Ld fol
myiqfjka yÿkd.; yelsh'

ksoiqk (- ;s%fldaKñ;sl ia:dk - 0811

by; 0811 .%sâ kso¾Ykhg ia:dk wvx.= .%sâ fldgqfõ TskEu ia:dkhla wh;a fõ'

b,lalï yfha l%uh

b,lalï y;f¾ l%uh ;=,ska j¾. lsf,dañg¾ 01 ^ j¾. ñg¾ 1000 & m%foaYhla oelafõ'
Bg jvd l=vd b,lalhla ye¢kaùu msKis b,lalï yfha l%uh Ndú;d flf¾' fuysÈ .%sâ f¾Ld
w;r mr;rh uk#l,ams;j iudk fldgia 10 lg fnod jákdlu wvq f¾Ldfõ isg jeä f¾Ldj
olajd 1 - 10 olajd uk#l,ams;j wxl fhdod .; hq;=h'

mshjr 1- wod, .%sâ fldgqj f;drd.; hq;=h'

mshjr 2- b,lalï y;f¾ l%ufhaÈ fukau wod, .%sâ fldgqjg udhsï jk jákdlu
wvq fmr È.eáfha wxlh yd tys isg wfkla fmr È.eáh olajd is;ska we|.;a
f¾Ld 10 w;=frka wmg wjYHjk ,laIh yryd hk f¾Ldfõ wxlh o jYfhka
kso¾Ylfha uq,a wxl ;=k igyka lrkak'

mshjr 3- .%sä fldgq udhsï jk w.fhka wvq W;=re È.eáfha wxlh yd tys isg B,Õ
W;=re È.eáh f;la is;ska i,l=Kq l, f¾Ld 10 ka wod, ,laIh yryd hk
f¾Ldfõ wxlho jYfhka igyka lr.kak'

ksoiqka (- rEmigyfka ;s%fldaKñ;sl ia:dkh 087116

b,lalï wfÜ l%ufhka j¾. óg¾ 100 X 100 l m%foaYhla ksrEmKh fõ

8|Page
b,lalï wfÜ l%uh
1 ( 50000 is;shñ j, m¾hka; f;dr;=re hgf;a W;=re j¾. ;=kla y÷kajd we;'

01' ienE W;=r ( True Noth )

mD;=úfha N+f.da,sh W;=rhs mD;=úfha u;=msg ´kEu ,laIhl isg W;a;rO%ejhg we¢
f¾Ldj tu ia:dkfha i;H W;=r fõ' fuh fjkia fkdfõ'

02' pqïNl W;=r ( Magnetic Noth )

mD;=úfha mj;sk pqïNl ;;ajh fya;=fldgf.k pqïNl W;=r iEu úgu i;H W;=rg jvd
wxYl lSmhla we,ù mj;s'^wxYl 3 lg yeÍ k;r fõ& fuu ÈYd fol pqïNl W;=r yd pqïNl
ol=K hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fuu msysàu yd ld,h wkqj fjkiaúh yels neúka i;H W;=r iu.
iaÓr iïnkaOhla ke;'

03' cd, W;=r ( Grid Noth )

f.da,dldr mDIaGhlska fyì mD;=ú ;,h iu;, mDIaG iys; is;shï njg m;alsßfïÈ
fhdod.kq ,nk .%sâ cd,fha W;=re .%sâ W;=r f,i ye¢kafõ' 1 ( 50000 is;shï j, .%sâ W;=r yd
ienE W;=r w;r iq¿ fldaKh S mr;rhla we;' th we;eï is;shï j, i;H W;=frka jdudj¾;j
we;eï is;shï j, olaIsKdj¾;j o olakg ,efí' i;H W;=r yd pqïNl W;=r w;r wdlD;sh
fukñka ye¢kafõ' Ys% ,xldfõ fuu w.h jYfhka wxYl ;=kla ^oYu ;=kla& f,i .Kka .efka'

ÈYd oelaù
a u
mD;=úh lerlefjk wlaIh W;=re ol=Kq ÈYdkq.;j we;' fuh mokï lrf.k ilia
lr.;a m%Odk ÈYd y;rla idudkH Ôú;fhaoS Ndú;d lruq'
tfy;a is;shï lshúfïÈ Èydjka olajkqfha W;=re mdol fldgf.k ^ 0 f,i i,ld& tys
isg ukskq ,nk fldaKhla f,ihs' fñjd È.xY f,i ye¢kafõ' W;=r isg olaIsKdj¾;j ukskq
,efí'
lsishï ia:dkhlg we;s È.xYh hkq ;ud isák ia:dkfha W;=r;a hd lrk f¾Ldfõ isg
;uka wod, ia:dkh hd lrk f¾Ldjg we;s olaIsKdj¾; fldaKhhs' fuu fldaK wxYl u.ska
fyd ñ,aia j,ska ukskq ,efí'

wxYl 360 - ñ,aia 6400

wxYl 01 - ñ,aia 17'778
l,d 01^1$60& - ñ,aia 0'296
úl,d 01 ^ 1$60 º 60 & - ñ,aia 0'005
ñ,aaia 01 - wxYl 0'0563 - l,d 3'4

i;H È.xYh ( True Bearings )

is;shfï tla ia:dkhl isg ;j;a ia:dkhlg we;s ÈYdj ksIaph lsßu i|yd wod,
ia:dkfha isg W;=rg;a wfkla ia:dkhl we¢ f¾Ld fol w;r olaIsKdj¾; jq fldaKh uek.;
hq;=hs' fuysÈ fuu È.xYh i;H W;=f¾ isg ukskq ,nk neúka i;H È.xYh fõ'

pqïNl È.xYh ( Magnatic Bearings )

N+ñfha È.xYh ueksu i|yd Wmfhda.s lr.kafka fldïmdiqjhs' fldïmdiqfjka È.xYhla
ueksfïÈ wmg ,efnkafka pqïNl W;=f¾ isg we;s olaIsKdj¾; fldaKhhs' tneúka
fldïmdiqfjka ukskq ,nk È.xY ^pqïNl W;=f¾ isg uksk fldaK& pqïNl È.xY f,i ye¢kafõ'

9|Page
miq È.xY ( Back Bearings )
lsishï ia:dkhl ^ta& isg ;j;a ;eklg ^ì& we;s È.xY ^fmr È.xYh& oelafjk fojk
ia:dkfha ^ì& isg m<uq ia:dkfha we;s È.xYh iys; iq;%hlska fidhd.; yelsh'

fmr È.dxY wxYl 180 jg jeä jq wjia:djl wxYl 180 la wvqlsßfuka fyda fmr È.xY wxYl
180 g jvd wvq jq úg wxYl 180 la tl;= lssßfuka miq È.xYh ,nd.; yelsh‘

i;H È.xYhl miq È.xYh i;H miq È.xYh ^ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''& f,i o pqïNl
È.xYh miq È.xY pqïNl miq È.xYh f,i o ye¢kafõ' is;shfï È.xY ueksu i|yd fiajd
fldaKudKh Wmfhda.S lr.kakd w;r N+ñfha ÈYdj uekSu i|yd fldïmdiqj Wmfhda.s lr.ks;s'

fiajd fldaKudk wdOdrfhka

01' is;shfï ia:dk fol w;r È.xYh uek.ekSu'
02' È.xYhka oS we;s úg is;shfï i,l=Kq lsßu'
03' .%sâ kso¾Yk .ekSfïÈ .%sâ fldgqj iudk fldgia 10 lg fnod .eksu'
04' is;shfï ÿr mßudKhka u; tajd i;H N+ñfha ÿrg m;a lsßu'
05' is;shu u; f¾Ld i,l=Kq lsßu jeks ld¾hhka /ila bgqlr.; yelsh'

10 | P a g e
fldïmdiqj Ndú;d lsßfïÈ
 wdrlaIl /yek ksis mßÈ oud.; hq;=h'
 ud,sudj fmdf<djg iudka;rj isák fia ;nd.; hq;=h'
 hlv fyda fjk;a f,day fldïmdiqj ,Õg fkd.; hq;=h'
^;u mqo.
a ,sl wúh iy ue.iska&'
 pqïNl iqÑh ksis mßÈ ksoyiaj N%uKh jkafkaoehs fidhd ne,sh hq;=h'
 fjk;a fldïmdiqjla iu. tlg l%shd;aul fkdl, hq;=h
^w;a Trf,daiqfõ we;s fldïmdiqjo ndOdjls&

fldïmdiqj .nvdlr ;eîfïÈ

• wêl WIaK;ajhla we;s ia:dkhl fkd;eìh hq;=h'
• pqïNl øjH fyda úoaHq;a pqïNl^úÿ,s mxld fuda¾g¾ r: jeks& wi, fkd;eìh hq;=h'
• lïmkh jk ia:dk ;=, fkd;eìh hq;=h‘
• fldïmdiq lSmhla tlg fya;; a = lr fkd;eìh hq;=h

is;shu È.xY .; lsßu

is;shula È.xY .; lsßu hkq th N+ñhg wkqrEmjk f,i yrjd .eksuhs' is;shfï W;=r iu.
iumd; lsßfuka is;shu ÈYd.; fõ'

is;shula ÈYd.; l, yels l%u

• is;shfï yÿkd.; yels N=ñfha iaÓr jia;=j, msysáu y|kdf.k ta wkqj is;shu
yerùu'
• ysre f.a wdOdrfhka - ysref.a .uka u. wOHhkh lsßfuka kef.kysr yd ngysr
fidhdf.k is;shfï kef.kysr yd ngysr ÈYd ta wkqrEm lsßu'
• ;re wdOdrfhka - W;=re yd ol=Kq ÈYd fidhd.; yels ;re yd ;re mka;s we;'tjd
wdOdrfldgf.k is;shu ÈYd.; l, yelsh'
• iÿf.a .uka u. wdOdrfhka - pkaøhdf.a .uka u. wdOdrfhka fidhd.kq ,nk ÈYdjg
wkqj is;shu yerùu'
• is;shfï we;s ud¾. iqidk N=ñ" uqyqÿ ÿïßh ud¾. wdOdrfhka ÈYd.; lsßu
• fldïmdiqjla wdOdrfhka ÈYd.; lsßu'

11 | P a g e
1 ( 50000 is;shu fldïmdiqj wdOdrfhka ÈYd.; lsßu'

fuysÈ jvd myiqùu msKi s is;shfï .%sâ W;=r;a fldïmdiqfõ Èydk;s B;,hg .%sâ W;=r;a
iumd; lrkq ,nhs' is;shfï fmr È.eá .%sâ W;=rg iudka;r fõ' tksid th .%sâ W;=r f,i
ie,lsh yelsh' Ys% ,xldfõ .%sâ W;=r;a pqïNl W;=r;a w;r o, jYfhka wxYl 3 l fjkila
we;'

 is;shu iu;, mDIaGhl È. yeÍu

 fldïmdiqjg wxYl 3 l w.hla oud .eksu
 fldïmdiqj È. yer tys odrh fmr È.eáhla u; ;nd iumd; lsßu'
 is;shu ^fldïmdiqj iu.& lrleúfïka fldïmdiqfõ pqïNl iqÑh yd ÈYdk;s B;,h
iumd; lsßu'

hï N=ñhlg wod, is;shula tu N=ñhg ÈYd.; lsßfuka w;alr .; yels m%fhdack rdYshls'

 ;ud isák ia:dkh ksjerÈj fidhd .ekSu'

 i;=rdf.a ia:dk ^wdjrKh lr.;a& y|qkd .ekSu yd tajdg we;s ÿr" .uka l, yels
ud¾. fidhd .eksu&
 jkfhaÈ fyda m%ydrhlÈ w;rux jq úg .ukal, yels fláu myiqu wdrlaIs; ud¾.
fidhd .eksu'
 m%ydrl fjä wdOdrl yuqod fidhd.ekSfï yelshdj ,nd .ekSu'

;ud isák ia:dkh fidhd .ekSu

fï i|yd Ndú;d l, yels l%u lsysmhla w;=ßka jvd;a myiq l%uhla my; oelafõ'

 is;shu ÈYd.; lr is;shu wdOdrfhka N+ñh ksßlaIKh lsßu ^Wi ia:dkhl isg fuu
ld¾h lsßu jvd myiqh&
 is;shfï yÿkd.; yels N=ñfha olakg ,efnk tlsfkl wE;ska msysá jia;=ka ^wju
jYfhka 02 la& fidhd.ek’u fyda Bg jvd fidhd .kafka kï jvd;a ksjerÈj iqÿl,
yelsh'
 ;ud isák ia:dfha isg wod, jia;=ka folg ms<sfj,ska fldïmdiq È.xY ,nd .ekSu'
 tu fldïmdiq È.xY ms<sfj,ska miq È.xY njg fmr,Su'
 ,nd.;a fldïmdiq miq È.xY is;shfï we¢u i|yd i;H miq È.xY njg
fmr<su^wxYl 3 la wvq lsßu&
 ,nd.;a miq È.xY fol ms<sfj,ska is;shfï wod, ia:dk fofla isg i,l=Kq lsßu yd
f¾Ld we| w¢k ,o f¾Ld fol fPokh jk f;la Èla lsßu'
 f¾Ld fol fþokh jkafka ;ud isák ia:dkfhaÈ h'

i;H miq È.xYh

A
167Ÿ B

i;H miq È.xYh

245Ÿ
C
;ud isák ia:dkh

12 | P a g e
fjk;a ia:dkhla fidhd .ekSu
hqO ìul i;=rd isák ia:dkhl Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï isÿlrk ia:dkhla ÿgq úg th
is;shfï i,l=Kq lsßu fuysÈ wfmalaId flf¾' fuu.ska
 i;=rd isák ia:dkfha .%sâ wxl by; ia:dk j,g oekaúu'
 ;ud isák ia:dkfha isg i;=rdg we;s ÿr ,Õdúh yels myiq ud¾. fidhd.eksu'
 ;ud yd ;u lKavdhfï wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr.ekSu wdÈ lghq;= myiqfjka bgq lr.;
yelsh'

i;=rd isák ia:dkh fidhd .ekSu

is;shu ÈYd .; lr ;udg fidhd.ekSug wjYH ia:dkh fyd¢ka ksßlaIKh lr.; yel’
;eka folla is;shfï ,l=Kq lr .ekSu'tu ia:dk fol fj; f.dia tajdfha isg iel iys;
ia:dkhg fldïmdiq È.xY ,nd .ekSu iy tajd i;H È.xY njg fmr,Su ^wxYl 3 wvqlr
.ekSu&' ,nd.;a w.hka ms<sfj,ska wod, ia:dk fol isg fiajd fldaKudkh wdOdrfhka ,l=Kl
q r
f¾Ld yuqjk f;la Èla lsßu'

13 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

fojk tallh (- N+ñ Wml%u ( Field Craft )

N+ñ Wml%u hkq (-
yuqÞuh jYfhka i;=rdg fkdfmkS i;=rdg ,xùu" i;=rd yd igka lsÍu i;=rd
Ôj.%yfhka w,a,d .eŒu fyda úkdY lsÍu ioyd fhdÞ .kakd Wml%u fuhska yeÈkafõ'

N+ñ Wml%u 01

hqO msáfha foaj,a fmakafka wehs - Why things are Seen

b.kSfï mrud¾:
hqO ìfï isák úg fyda .uka lrk úg i;=rdg fkdfmkS isàug;a i;=rd yd i;=rdf.a
bßhõ yÿkd.ekSu ms<snoj wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

jia;=jla fmkSug fya;=

1. yevh (Shape)
2. fijke,a, (Shadow)
3. laIs;sch leãu (Silhouette)
4. mr;rh (Space)
5. u;=msg mDIaGfha iajNdjh (Serface)
6. p,kh (Movement)

N+ñ Wml%u 02

uQ,sl ksÍlaIKh - Elementary observation

hqO ìfï ie.ù isák i;=rd fidhd .e‚u ioyd uQ,sl N+ñ ksÍlaIKh b;d jeo.;afõ'
fï ioyd N+ñh fnÞf.k tu N+ñh jfï isg ol=Kg;a kej; ol=fKa isg jug;a ksÍlaIKh
lrkq ,efí' N+ñh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu ioyd bÈß N+ñh my; ioyka mrsÈ fldgia 3 lg fnÞ
oelaúh yelsh'

ksrSlaIKh lsrSfuaoS N+ñh my; mßÈ fldgia 03g fnod .kq ,efí

1. fmr N+ñh (Fore Ground ) 0 m - 200 m

2. ueo N+ñh (Middle Ground) 200 m - 400 m
3. ÿr N+ñh (Distance Ground) 400 m +

m<uqj <. N+ñh; B,.g ueo N+ñh;a bkamiqj ÿr N+ñh;a ksÍlaIKh lrkak

14 | P a g e
N+ñ Wml%u 03

ÿr ksYaph lsÍu - Judging Distance

b.kSfï mrud¾:

hqO ìfï ;ud isák ia:dkfha isg hï b,lalhla w;r ÿr fiùug wjYH jkq we;' ta
ioyd WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍu fndfyda úg wmyiq ldrHhls' tneúka hqO yuqodj ta ioyd l%u
folla Ndú;d flf¾'

01 tall l%uh

 h;=re l%uh

 Nd.Sh l%uh

 jryka l%uh

 tallfha idudkH l%uh

 tall ñkqï l%uh' (Unit of Measure)

fuysoS wmg yqremqreÿ ÿrla wdY%fhka ÿr ksYaph lrkq ,efí'

Nd.Sh l%uh
ksYaph lsÍug we;s ÿr wkqudk jYfhka fldgia 2 lg fnÞ tu tla fldgila ;uka
okakd l%uhla Wmfhda.S lrf.k ÿr ;SrKh lr th 2 ka .=K lsÍfuka uq¿ ÿr ;SrKh lrhs'

A isg C olajd ÿr ksYaph lsÍfï A-B ÿr fidhdf.k th foflka .=K lsÍfuka w.h ,nd .kS'

jryka l%uh
b,lalhg we;s Wmßu ÿr yd wju ÿr is;d th tl;=lr 2 ka fnoSfuka ,nd.kakd w.h
wod, jia;=jg we;s uq¿ ÿr f,i ;SrKh lrhs'

Wmßu ÿr óg¾ 500

wvqu ÿr óg¾ 400

tl;=j óg¾ 900

( 500 + 300 ) = 400 m

2

15 | P a g e
h;=re l%uh
hïlsis ÿrla h;=rla f,i f.k tu h;=r fuka lS .=Khla o hkak .=K lsÍfuka ,nd.kakd
ÿr wÞ, jia;=jg we;s uq¿ ÿr f,i ;SrKh lrhs'

óg¾ 50 fldgia 6 la we;s neúka tu ÿr 6 ka .=K lsÍfuka uq`: ÿr fidhd .kq ,nhs'
50 x 6 = 300
2

tAllfha idudkH l%uh

fid,aÞÿjka iuQyhla isák úg ish¿ fokdf.ka fyda lSm fofkl=f.ka b,lalhg we;s ÿr
úuid tu ÿr m%udKhka tl;= fldg tys idudkH w.h .eŒfuka uq¿ ÿr ;SrKh lrhs'

m,uq fin,d 300

fojk fin,d 350
;=kajk fin,d 400
y;rjkfin,d 350
1400 - iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 4 hs' 1400 / 4 = 350

o¾YK ñkqï l%uh (Appearance Method)

idudkHfhka wm oel mqreÿ jia;=j, m%udKh wm is;;=, we`os we;' tjeks jia;=jla
foi ÿr isg ne,SfïoS fmfkk idudkH m%udKh wkqj thg we;s ÿr ksYaph lsÍu fuysÈ
isÿflf¾'

óg¾ 100 oS (- ñksfil=f.a ish¿ wjhj meyeÈ,sj fmfka

óg¾ 200 oS (- ish¿u wjhj meyeÈ,sh ifï j¾Kh yd orK WmlrK yÿkd.; yel
óg¾ 300 oS (- YÍrfha msg udhsu meyeÈ,sh' uqyqfka j¾Kh fmfka wfkl=;a wjhj p,kfhaoS
muKla meyeÈ,shs
óg¾ 400 oS (- YÍrfha msg udhsu meyeÈ,sh' wfk;=;a wjhj meyeÈ<s ke;' .eyeKq msßñ nj
yÿkd.; fkdyel'
óg¾ 500 oS (- ysi meyeos,sh YrSrh l%ufhka isyskj
a fmfka'
óg¾ 600 oS (- YÍrh brla fuka fmfka ysi woDIHudkh'

by; l%u j,ska hï ÿrla ksYaph l,;a my; fya;k

+ a u; tu ÿrj,a fjkia úh yelsh' tu ksid
ÿr ksYaph lsÍfïoS my; ioyka lreKq .ek ie,ls<su;a úh hq;=h'

 jia;=jla ,xj fmkSug fya;=

 ;ud ksÍlaIKh lrk jia;=jg wdf,dalh jeà we;s úg
 b,lalh mßirfha we;s wfkla jia;=j,g jvd úYd, jQúg
 u, N+ñhla yryd ne,Sfï§
 ksÍlaIKh lrk jia;=j by,ska msysgd we;s úg

16 | P a g e
  jia;=jla ÿriaj fmkSug fya;=

 wdf,dalh wvqùu
 mßirfha we;s wfkla jia;=j,g jvd l=vd jQ úg
 lkaola uqÿk isg my< we;s jia;=jla foi n,k úg
 wj;, nEjqula ksïkhla Tiafia n,k úg
 fomi f.dvke.s,s we;s ùÈhla Èf.a n,k úg
 ìu È.dù n,k úg

N+ñ Wml%u 04
b,lalhka fmkajd §u - Indication of Target

b.kSfï mrud¾:
lKavdhfï ish¿ fokdg iq¿ fõ,djl§ b,lalm;la fmkajd §u

Ndú;d lrk l%u

1. fl,skau tl t,af,au l%uh (Direct Method)

2. wdOdrl i,lKq l%uh (Reference Point Method)
3. Trf,daiq l%uh (Clock Ray Method)
4. fá%i¾ nq,Ü l%uh (Tracer Bullet Method)

wdOdrl i,lKq l%uh (Reference Point Method)

17 | P a g e
03' Trf,daiq l%uh - (Clock Ray Method)

meyeos,sj oel .;yels jia;=ka wdOdr lrf.k tu ia:dkfha Trf,daiqj ;nkafka hehs
is;d Trf,daiq uqyqKf;ys we;s wxl wdOdr lrf.k b,lal m; yªkajd fokq ,efí' Trf,daiq
uqyqKf;a yß ueo wdOdrl jia;=j msygs qjd ksßÌlhd;a wdOdrl jia;=j;a iudka;rj Trf,daiq
uqyqKf;a yh fod,y b,lalï msysgj q k nj Wml,amkh flf¾'

04' fg%i¾ nq,Ü l%uh - (Tracer Bullat Method)

;u LKavfha fid,aÞÿjl=g b,lalh fidhd .ekSu wmyiq jQ úgl (rd;S% ld,fhao)S jvd;a
myiqfjka b,lalh fmkaùug fuu l%uh Ndú;d flf¾' tysÈ b,lalh ÿgq ;eke;a;d fÜ%i¾
WKavhla fjä ;eìfuka fuh isÿf¾' ^ WÞ (- udf.a fÜ%i¾ WKavh foi n,kq'&

18 | P a g e
N+ñ Wml%u 05
fjä md,k ksfhda. - Fire Control Order

b.kSfï mrud¾:
o fjä n,h wmf;a fkdheùug
o wvq fjä n,fhka i;=rka úYd, m%udKhla úkdY lsÍug
o ;u lKavdhfï wdrlaIdj

fjämd,k ksfhda.hl wvx.= úhhq;= lreKq

1. fjä ;eîfï fldgi (Group)

2. b,lalm;g we;s ÿr (Range)
3. b,lalm; fmkajd §u (Indication of Targets)
4. fjä j¾.h (Type of Fire)

fjämd,k wKla osh hq;= wdldrh

1. meyeos,sj (Clear)
2. Yío k.d (Loud Enough)
3. wKla f,i (As an Order)
4. läka lv (with pauses)

fjämd,k wK j¾.

iïmQ¾K fjämd,k wK (Full Fire Control Order)

^Wod – LMG Group, ÿr hdr 200 Wi .i wvla ol=fka i;=rd fmdl=re fjä ;nkq&

flá fjämd,k wK (Brief Fire Control Order)

fujeks wKla fokq ,nkafka i;=rd meyeos,sj fmfkk w;r mQ¾K wKla oSug ld,hla
fkdue;s úgh' ^Wod - wvla jfï i;rd fjã ;nkq&

m%udo fjämd,k wK (Delayed Fire Control Order)

l,afõ,d we;sj fokq ,nk mQ¾K fjã md,k wKls' fjã ;nkq hk ksfhda.h yer wka
ish¿ úia;r we;<;ah'

;ks fjämd,k wK (Individïl Fire Control Order)

hï Lkavhl" fm<l" kï lrK ,o whl= fyd fldgilg muKla fjã ;eîug lrkq
,nk wKls' ^Wod - m<uq fm< Rifel Group No 1 Rifle Men Fire)

N+ñ Wml%u 05
19 | P a g e
fjiaj,d .ekSu yd ie.ùu - Camourflage and Concealment

b.kSfï mrud¾:

 i;=rkaf.a f;dr;=re yeisÍfï bßhõ i;=re ixLHdj wd§ f;dr;=re yels ;rï Tjqka
wdikakhg f.dia fidhd ne,Sug yelsùu
 i;=rka ueÍu fyda w,a,d .ekSu
 i;=rdg wiqùug fmr i;=rd isák m%foaY wdikakhg f.dia m%ydr t,a, lsÍu
 úu¾Yk uqr ixpdr ioyd

fjiaj,d .ekSfï uQ,O¾u

1. yevh leãu
2. È,siSu ke;s lsÍu

ie,lsh hq;= lreKq

 miqìug wkqrEmj fjiaj,d .; hq;=h
 m%udKhg jeäj fyda wvqj fjiaj,d .ekSu fkdl, hq;=h
 Yío fkdk.sk fia fjiaj,d .; hq;=h
 tla m%foaYhl miqìul isg fjk;a m%foaYhlg .uka lsÍfï§ tu miqìug
wkqj fjiaj,d .; hq;=h

ie.ùfï§ ie,lsh hq;= uQ,sl isoO

a dka;
 ksÍlaIKfha§ wdjrKfha jáka fyda ta w;ßka ne,sh hq;=h
 wyia br u.yeßh hq;=h
 fijke,s Ndú;hg .; hq;=h
 miq;,h m%fhdackhg .ekSu
 wdjrKhlska wdjrKhlg .uka lsÍfï§ fkdfmkS .uka l, hq;=hs
 N+ñfha we;s ;ks wdjrK u. yerh hq;=hs
 ;ukaf.a bßhõ ;shK q q yd iQlaIu úh hq;=hs

hqO ìfï wú iys;j$rys;j .uka lsÍfï l%u

20 | P a g e
weúoSu - (The Walk)
;o fmd,jlÈ ksYaYío;djh b;d jeo.;ah' nQÜ im;a;= j, msg; udhsï m,uqfjka
;eîfuka Yíoh ke.Su wvq lr .; yelsh' oKysi uola kud mdoh ;eîu tA i|yd WmldÍ fù'

jÿre Èjqu – ( Monkey Run)

wä folla muK Wi we;smy;a wdjrK f.k .uka lsÍfóÈ fuu l%uh WmldÍ fù'

21 | P a g e
osú .uk - ( Leopard Crawl )
oEf;a je,ñg yd okysia Wmldr lrf.k nv.d my;a wdjrK j, .uka lsÍug Ndú;d
lrhs'

22 | P a g e
lerlSu – (Roll )
nEjqula" m,a,ula jeks ia:dkhlska blaukska .uka lsÍug fuu l%uh Ndú;d flf¾'

wj;dr .uk – (Gost Walk )

rd;s% ld,fha .uka lsÍu i|yd fuu l%uh Ndú;d flf¾'

23 | P a g e
rd;S% fmkSu – ( Night Vision )
rd;S%fha fmkSu oyj,a ld,fha fmkSug jvd yd;amiskau fjkiah' th weiSu yd fmkSu
fuks' fuhg fya;j = rd;s%ld,fha fmkSug tla iakdhq ffi, úfYaIhla mdúÉÑ lrk w;r oyj,a
ld,fha fmkSug fjk;a iakdhq ffi, úfYaIhla Ndú;d lr .ekSuhs' oyj,a ld,fhaoS fyda rd;s%
ld,fhaoS we;s lrkq ,nk lD;s%u wdf,dalfhaoS fuu rd;s% iakdhq ffi, lsisfia;a Ndú;d l<
fkdyelsh'
rd;S% ld,fha fmkSug hIaÀ ffi,o Èjd ld,fha fmkSug fla;= ffi,o WmldÍfõ'

lafIa;% ix{d iy fm< yev .eiqï (Field Signal & Field Formation)

;ksfm< - SINGLE FILE

fofm< - FILE/ STAGGERED FILE

24 | P a g e
B ysi - ARROWHEAD

oshuka;s yevh - DIAMOND SHAPE

yria fm< - EXTENDED LINE

25 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

f;jk tallh (- m%:udOdr

frda.hl § fyda yÈis wjia:djl § ffjoHdOdr ,efnk f;la ffjoHh úoHdfõ iïu; kS;s
Í;s j,g wkql+,j mqyqKjq la iy wjfndaOhla iys;j ;udg we;s myiqlï wkqj fokq ,nk
wdOdr Wmldr m%:udOdr kï fõ'

m%:udOdrfha wruqKq
1. Ôú; wdrlaId lsÍu'
2. ;;ajfha n,mEu iSud lsÍu'
3. iqjh ,eîug Wmldr ùu'

m%:udOdrlref.a j.lSu
1. frda.fha fyda wk;=f¾ iajNdjh we.hSu'
2. frda.kS a ixLHdj jeä kï wjodku ;lafiare lr m%uqL;djhka ;SrKh lsÍu'
3. jydu kshñ; m%:udOdr ,nd §u' iuyr úg tlu frda.h s dg frda.S ;;aj tllg jvd
;sìh yelsh' Yajikh" yDoh" k;r jQ frda.k S ag" wêl rla;md;hg ,laj"Q isys ke;s jQ"
frda.kS ag m%:udOdr blauka l< hq;=h'
4. m%udo fkdù frda.k S a ffjoHjrfhl= fj; wdfrda.HYd,djlg ksjilg /f.k hdu'
5. iqÿiq flfkl=g Ndr fok ;=re frda.h s d iu. isàu'
6. jd¾;djla ms<sfh, fldg th frda.h s d iu. heùu'
7. úYajdijka;j /ljrKh ,nd §u'
8. frda.hs d iu. úYajdih f.dvk.d .ekSu'
9. Tnf.a wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a ùu'

- frda.S mÍlaIdfõ isg m%:udOdr olajd frda.shd iu. l:d lrkak'

- Tn lrk foa frda.shdg meyeÈ,s lrkak'

- frda.h
s d wik m%Yak j,g wjxlj ms<;
s =re fokak'

- frda.h
s df.a ìh ÿre lrkak' wk;=r ms<sn`o oekaúh mqoa.,fhl= .ek úuikak'

- frda.h
s d orejl= kï úiajdih Èkd .ekSug tu orejd úiajdi lrkakl=g lreKq
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

- frda.h
s d orefjl= kï ujf.ka mshdf.ka fjka fkdlrkak

- ñh hk frda.shl= ;ks fkdlrkak'

- frda.h
s df.a w; w,a,df.k l:d lrkak'

26 | P a g e
m%:udOdrlref.a .=Kdx.
• ldreKsl nj

• WmdhYS,S nj

• fkdmiqng nj

• m%uqL;d u; l%shd lsÍu

• iïm;a msß nj

• mÍlaIdldÍ nj

• ksmqK;dj

• ksrjq,a nj

m%:udOdrlrejl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= i;r p¾hd O¾u

• m%{dj

• bjiSu

• WÜGdk ù¾hh

• hqla;s.rel nj

m%:udOdr lrejl= úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;= ABC ms<sfj;

A. An Open Airway ^ Yajik ud¾.h újD;a;j ;nd .ekSu' Yajik ud¾.h
wjysr ù we;akï újD;a; lr .; hq;h
= &

B. Breathing ^ yqiau .ekSu fkdlvjd mj;ajd .ekSu yqiau fkd.kS kï lD;s%u

Yajikh ,nd Èh hq;h = &

C. Circulation ^ reêr ixirKh fõoehs ie<ls,su;a ùu reêr ixirKh isÿ

fkdfõ kï ndysrj yoj; f;rmSfuka mK.kajd .ekSug W;aidy oeßh hq;h= &

;=jd,

I. újD;a; ;=jd, (- YÍrfhka msgg reêrh .,hs'

II. ixjD;a; ;=jd, (- YÍr wNHka;rhg reêrh .,hs'

27 | P a g e
;=jd, isÿ jk wdldrh wkqj j¾. lrkq ,efí

1. lemqï ;=jd,
2. breï ;=jd,
3. úÿï ;=jd,
4. iSÍï ;=jd,
5. fjä WKav ;=jd,
6. ;e,Sï ;=jd,

rla;md;h
• Ouks rla;md;h
• Ysrd rla;md;h
• flaI kd,sld rla;md;h

rla;md;h

1' ndysr rla;md;h'

2' wNHka;r rla;md;h - fmfkk
- fkdfmfkk

wkshï mSvk ia:dk

Ouks reêr kd,hla ;ks wiaÓhla u;ska .uka lsßu iy yug wdikakj msysàu'

mSvk ia:dk

1. k<, u; - ,,dg Ouksh

2. fn,af,a - lfrdaál Ouksh
3. ndyqfõ by, we;=,a me;a; - N=Ôh Ouksh
4. uqyqfKa - pl% Ouksh
5. Wrysi u; - wm l=xpl Ouksh
6. l,fõ - W!¾ùh Ouksh

N.ak ^ wiaÓhl wLKav;dj fkdue;s ùu &

1. ixjD;a; N.ak
2. újD;a; N.ak

N.akhla yÿkd .ekSu

1. újD;a; N.akhla msg;g fmkSu'
2. wod, fldgfia úl,dx.hla we;s ùu'
3. fõokdj" bÈóu" meyeh fjkia ùu'
4. idudkH l%shdldÍ;ajh ke;s ùu'

28 | P a g e
fj¨ï má j¾. ^ Bandage &
• ;%sfldaK fj¨ï máh
• frda, fj¨ï máh
• b,diaála fj¨ï máh

;%sfldaK fj`:ï má Ndú;d lsÍu

29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
31 | P a g e
32 | P a g e
33 | P a g e
frda.Ska m%jdykh ioyd Ndú;d l< yels l%u

1. .s,ka weol ;nd frda.h

s d f.k hdu'
2. .s,ka weola ke;skï fodr ,E,a,la fyda bKsu.la jqjo iEfya'
3. mqgj
q l ;nd f.k hdu'
4. .s,ka ueiail ;nd frda.shd f.k hdu' ^ ,S folla Ndú;d lr ;djld,sl .s,ka ueiaila
ks¾udKh lr .; yelsh' fï i`oyd fmdfrdakd' f.daks" ifrdï fhdod .; yelsh' &
5. wk;=re iys; ia:dkfhka laIKslj bj;a úh hq;= kï f,vd f.a msgq miska f.dia nv háka
w; oud miafika miaig weof.k f.dia t;kska bj;a ù m%:udOdr §u wdrïN lrkak'
6. fï lsisjla fidhd .; fkdyels kï mqoa.,hka ;sofkl= tlaù m%fõifuka frda.h
s d Tijd
f.k hd hq;=h'

34 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

y;rjk tallh ^m,uq fldgi& (- cd.Ys.n.

b;sydih ( History of the NCC )
1881 oS mdi,a YsIHhka ;=, úkh kexùfñ wruqKk
s a ,xld mdn, yuqodj hgf;a fld<U
rdclSh úoHd,fha YsIH kdhlhska i|yd tjlg úÿy,am;sj isá fcdaka î l,a uy;d hgf;a
iafõÉPd YsIHNg LKavhla (CB – CLI ) wdrïN lrk ,È'

1902 - ශි඿යභට බ඼ඇණිය ඳළබ඼ ශමුදළල යටතේ පිහිටව෕ අතර එහි ප්‍රථම අණතදන නිෂධළරී ව෕තේ ඳළබ඼ ශමුදළතේ
තේජර් එවහ.එේ. බළතරෝවය.

1903 - ඳළවල් ගුරුලරුන් මගින් පුහුණුවීේ කරයුතු සිදුකෂ අතර බ්‍රිතළනය වශ ඉන්දියළනු භටයින් වමඟ දියත඼ළතේ
වහතේච්ඡළ යුධ ශමුදළ පුහුණු ක඲වුතර් ක඲වුරු ඳෆලෆේවීය.

1904 - ශි඿යභටයින් ව඲ශළම ප්‍රථම ලරට මෂ඼ ක්‍රීඩළ උේවලයක් ඳෆලෆේව෕ අතර ඳසුල එය " ප්‍රසි්ධ ඳළවල් ක්‍රීඩළ
උේවලය "යන නමින් ප්‍රචලිත විය.

1910 - තජය඿හඨ වශ කණි඿හඨ ශි඿යභට ඛණ්ඩ ල඾තයන් කළණ්ඩ තදකක් ඳළබ඼ ශමුදළල යටතේ පුහුණු ක඲වුරු
ඳෆලෆේවීය.

1918 - තමම ලර්඿තේ තඳබරලළරි මව 04 ලන දින ඳළබ඼ ශමුදළතලන් ඉලේවී එලකට වහතේච්ඡළ ශමුදළතේ ආඥළඳති
බ්‍රිතියරයර් තජනරළල් ආර්.බී. තසල් ති නිර්ත්඾ මත " ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼ඇණිය " ල඾තයන් තලනමම වහතේච්ඡළ
ඒකකයක් පිහිටුලන ඼දී.

1948 - ප්‍රථම ශ්‍රී ඼ළංකික අණතදන නිෂධළරී ත඼ව කර්නල් ආර්.තේ.එසහ. තමන්යරවහ, ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළයට ඳේවිය.

1950 - ඳෂමුලෆනි බ඼ඇනීය ගළල්඼ේ තදලන බ඼ඇණිය මශනුලරේ පිහිටුලන ඼දී.

1951 - තුන්ලන බ඼ඇණිය තකොෂඹ පිහිටුලන ඼දී

1959 - ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළතේ නිෂධළරීන්ති වශභළගීේලතයන් " ඼ංකළ යුධ ශමුදළ පුතරෝගළමී බ඼කළය " පිහිටුලළ
යුධ ශමුදළ නිෂධළරීන් වමඟ රළජකළරී කරන ඼දී.

1972 - ඼ංකළල ජනරජයක් වීමේ වමඟම ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය නමින් තිබූ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය " ශ්‍රී ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට
බ඼කළය " ල඾තයන් ශඳුන්ලනු ඼ෆබීය.

1981 - ශි඿යභට බ඼කළතේ ඾ත වංලේවරය තකතෂඹදී ඳෆලෆේවිය.

1985 - අංක 40 දරන " මිනිවහ බ඼ උඳතයෝගීතළ ශළ ඳරිපූරක ශමුදළ ඳනත " අනුල තඳොිවහ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය ශළ ශ්‍රී
඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය වමඟ ඒකළබ්ධ කරන ඼දී.

35 | P a g e
1985 - දිලයිතන් ප්‍රධළන නගර ආශ්‍රිත ඳළවල් 10ක ශි඿යභට බළිකළ ඛණ්ඩ ආරේභ විය.

1988 - තමතතක් වහතේච්ඡළ ශමුදළල යටතේ ඳළ඼නය ව෕ ශ්‍රී ඼ංකළ ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය ඉශත ඳනතට අනුල ආරක්඿ක
අමළතයළං඾ය යටතේ " ජළතික ශි඿යභට බ඼කළය " ල඾තයන් 1988.04.29 ලෆනි දින සිට ක්‍රියළේමක විය.එම
උේවලතේ ප්‍රධළන අමුේතළ ල඾තයන් ජනළධිඳති තේ.ආර්. ජයලර්ධන මෆතිතුමළ වශභළගී විය.

1990 - තමම ලර්඾තේ තදවෆේබර් මව 02 ලෆනි දින එලකට ආරක්඿ක අමළතයළං඾තේ තල්කේ තජනරළල් සිරිල්
රණතුංග VSV විසින් ජළතික ශි඿යභට බ඼කළතේ පුහුණු මධයවහථළනය රන්තදණිග඼ රන්ටෆතේ පිහිටුලන ඼දී.

2001 - තමම ලර්඿තේ මෆයි මව 18 ලෆනි දින අධයළඳන අමළතයළං඾යට අයේ කළුතබෝවි඼ ශ්‍රී ගුණළ඼ංකළර විදයළ඼ය
ආ⁣රක්඿ක අමළතයළං඾යට ඳලරළතගන ජළතික ශි඿යභට බ඼කළතේ ම෕඼වහථළනය එහි පිහිටුලන ඼දී.

2017 - ශර්මන්ත඼ෝවහ කුව඼ළනයට ලවර 100ක් පිරීම වමරණ ඼ද අතර එම උේවලතේ ප්‍රධළන අමුේතළ ත඼ව එලකට
ආරක්඿ක තල්කේ රුලන් විතේලර්ධන මෆතිතුමළ වශභළගී විය.

YsIHNg mqyqKq lghq;=

úIh ud,dj - YsIHNg
• Ydrsrsl wNHdi
• >K irU
• wú irU
• is;shï lshùu
• N+ñ Wml%u
• m%:udOdr
• frðfïka;= rdcldß
• kdhl;ajh
• idudkH oekSu yd ld,Sk mqj;a
• wd;au úYAjdi j¾Okh
• wú mqyqKqj yd Ôj fjä ;eîu
• jev wdpdrO¾u
• wdmod l<uKdlrKh

mqyqKq lghq;= ls%shd;aul jk wdldrh

• mdie,a uÜgñka Lkav jYfhka
• n,weKs uÜgñka lKavdhï jYfhka
• i;s wka; l|jqre
• mdie,a ksjdvq Èk l|jqre

• jd¾Islj rxgefò mqyqKq l|jqf¾§

• we.hSñ l|jqre
• Wiia mdGud,d
• y¾ukaf,daia$ o fidhsid l|jqr

36 | P a g e
j¾;udk cdYsn jHdma;sh

 n,ld uQ,ia:dkh - fld<U

 mqyqKQ uOHia:dkh - rxgefò
 m,d;a uQ,ia:dk - 9
 n,weKs - 38
 nd,l - 29
 nd,sld - 9

37 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

y;rjk tallh ^fojk fldgi& (- frcsfïka;= rdcldrs

l|jqrla ksis wdldrj mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd ffokslj l<hq;= w;HdjYH rdcldÍkah'
fuu rdcldß i|yd m;aùï lrkq ,nkafka ffoksl ksfhda. u.skah' l|jqrl ffoksl ksfhda.
ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka l|jqre wKfok ks<OdÍ fyda wkq Lkavhl kï ks<OdÍ wkfok fyda ta
i|yd n,h mejrE ks<Orfhl= úiskah'

frcsfïka;= rdcldß m;alsÍï

l|jqre ffoksl ksfhda.j, wxl 01 hgf;a fuu m;a lsÍï isÿ lrkq ,efí'

1. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊHIaG ks<Odß

2. ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odß
3. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊfldfkdks
4. ojfia ld¾hNdr ierhka
5. ojfia ld¾hNdr fldam%,a
6. frcsfïka;= fmd,sia rdcldß
7. .sks uqrh
8. .sks ksùfï LKavh
9. l|jqre uqrhka
10.ojfia ld¾hNdr ,smslre
11.ojfia ld¾hNdr ßhÿre

cdYsn YsIHNg l|jqrl ffoksl ksfhda. u.ska m;a

flrk frcsfïka;= rdcldß
1. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊHIaG ks<Odß
2. ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odß
3. ojfia ld¾hNdr wdOqksl ks<Odß
4. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊ'fld'fkd'ks ^ ksldu&
5. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊ'fld'fkd'ks ^ YsIHNg&
6. ojfia ld¾hNdr ierhka
7. ojfia ld¾hNdr fldam%,a
8. frcsfïka;= fmd,sia rdcldß
9. ojfia ld¾h Ndr ,smslre
10.ojfia ld¾h Ndr ßhÿre
38 | P a g e
cdYsn ks<OdÍ mqyqKq l|jqrl frcsfïka;= rdcldß m;alsÍï

1. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊHIaG ks<Odß

2. ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odß
3. ojfia ld¾hNdr wdOqksl ks<Odß
4. ojfia mdGud,d Ndr YsIHhska
5. ojfia ld¾hNdr fÊfldfkdks^ ksldu&
6. ojfia ld¾h Ndr ,smslre
7. ojfia ld¾h Ndr ßhÿre

frcsfïka;= rdcldÍ j,ska l|jqrl bgqlrùug wfmaCId lrK fiajdjka

1. l|jqf¾ md,kh ksis whqre f.khdu'
2. l|jqf¾ wdrCIdj mj;ajdf.k hdu'
3. l|jqf¾ úkh mj;ajdf.k hdu'

rdcldÍ m;alsÍï ld,h 0800 mefha isg miqosk 0800 meh olajd
^rdcldÍ ld,h ;=, ksis mßos ks< weÿñka isáh hq;=h &

ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odßf.a rdcldßh

• ojfia 0800 mehg rdcldÍ Ndrf.k l|jqf¾ isák fÊHIaG ks<Odß$úOdhl wêldÍ
yuqù Wmfoia .; hq;=h'
• wikSm fmfrÜgqj jd¾:djg wkqj frday,a $ffjoHd.dr .;jQ whj`tka ne,sh hq;=h'
• ojfia fmrjre kshulr .;a fõ,djg ^1000meh& l|jqre mÍCIdjg hd hq;=h' fï
i|yd ld¾h Ndr ierhka frcsfïka;= fmd,sia yd fldm%,a jrhl= tlalr .; hq;=h'
• l|jqre uqr mÍCId l, hq;=h' uqr wdfrdaykhg yd wjfrdaykhg iyNd.S úh hq;=h'
• iEu wdydr fõ,loSu fNdackd.drfha /oSisáh hq;=h'
• 1800 mehg wdhqOd.dr fld'fkd'ks iu. f.dia wdhqOd.drh mÍCIdlr n,d iS,a
;eìh hq;=h'
• rdcldÍ ld,h ;=< w;HdjYHu rdcldÍg yer fudkhï fya;j = lgj;a
l|jfrka neyer fkdhd hq;=h'
• 2200 mehg udKav<sl fmfrÜgqjg iyNd.Súh hq;=h'

rdcldÍ j,ska ksishdldrj uqodyeÍug fmr ffoksl isÿùï fmd; iïmQ¾K

lr wjYH lghq;= i|yd l|jqre úOdhl wêldÍ fyda fcaHIaG;u ks,Odrshd
fj; jd¾:d l, hq;=h'

39 | P a g e
ojfia ld¾hNdr fcHIaG fld'fkd'ks ^ksldu& f.a rdcldrs

1. oek.;a ú.i ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; oekqï osh hq;=hs'rdcldrs ld,h 0800 meh isg
miqoks 0800 meh olajd fõ'
2. l|jqr mrslaIdj i|yd ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs iuÕ hd hq;=h's
3. my; i|yka fm<md,s ksis whqre isÿfõ oehs mrSlaId lr n,d wjYH Wmfoia osh
hq;=hs' ^frda.s fmfrÜgqj" WoEik fmfrÜgqj" kï ,l=Kq lsrSfï fmfrÜgqj" udKav,sl
fmfrÜgqj&
4. l|jqre wdrlaIdj flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla oelaúh hq;=hs' hï widudkH isÿùula

ojfia ld¾hNdr fcHIaG fld'fkd'ks ^YsIHNg& f.a rdcldrs

1. Wfoa 0800 mehg rdcldrs Ndrf.k ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; rfmd¾;= lr
úfYaI Wmfoia " ksfhda. ,nd.; hq;=h's
2. ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odrsf.a l|jqre mrSlaIKhg tlaù ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fmkajk
wvq mdvq igyka lr tajd imqrd ,sh hq;=h's
3. YsIHNghskaf.a úkh .ek fidhd ne,sh hq;=h's
4. iEu wdydr fõ,loSu fNdackd.drh ;=, /|S isáh hq;=h's
5. ojfia ish¿u isÿùï ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; jd¾;d l< hq;=hs'
6. ffoksl fm,md,s yd wfkl=;a rdcldrs i|ydo iyNd.s úh hq;=h's
7. l|jqf¾ hï widudkH isÿùula oek.;a ú.i ta neõ ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; oekaúh
hq;=h'
8. 2200 mehg udKav,sl fmfrÜgqjg iyNd.s úh hq;=hs'
9. 2215 mehg úÿ,s myka ksjd weoaoehs fidhd ne,sh hq;=hs'
10.kshñ; mrsos miqosk B<Õ ld¾hNdr fc'fld'fkd'ks fj; rdcldrs Ndr osh hq;=hs'

ojfia ld¾hNdr ierhkaf.a rdcldrs

1. Wfoa 0800 mehg rdcldrs Ndrf.k ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; rfmd¾;= lr
úfYaI Wmfoia " ksfhda. ,nd.; hq;=hs'
2. ojfia ld¾hNdr ks<Odrsf.a l|jqre mrSlaIKhg tlaù ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fmkajk
wvq mdvq igyka lr .; hq;=hs'
3. YsIHNghskaf.a úkh .ek fidhd ne,sh hq;=h's
4. iEu wdydr fõ,loSu fNdackd.drh ;=, /|S isáh hq;=h's
5. ojfia ish¿u isÿùï ld¾hNdr ks<Odrs fj; jd¾;d l< hq;=h's
6. ffoksl fm,md,s yd wfkl=;a rdcldrs i|ydo iyNd.s úh hq;=h's
7. mqyqKq l|jqrl kshñ; ld,igykg wkqj fiiq ks<hska mqyqKù q ï j, fhfokafka oehs
fidhd ne,sh hq;=h's
8. úfYaI wikSm jd¾;d ^rd;%S ld,fha fyda yosis wk;=re& msgm;a follska ilialr
bosrsm;a l< hq;=h's
9. 2200 mehg udKav,sl fmfrÜgqjg iyNd.s úh hq;=hs'
10. 2215 mehg úÿ,s myka ksjd weoaoehs fidhd ne,sh hq;=hs'
11. rdcldrSj,ska ksis mrsos uqodyers úg ffoksl rdcldrs fmd; iïmQ¾Klr B,Õ oifia
ld¾hNdr ierhka fj; rdcldrs Ndr osh hq;=h's

40 | P a g e
ojfia ld¾hNdr fldam%,a rdcldrs

1. Wfoa 0800 mehg rdcldrs Ndrf.k ojfia ld¾hNdr ierhka fj; rfmd¾;= lr
úfYaI Wmfoia ,nd.; hq;=hs'
2. wikSm fmfrÜgqj mrSlaIdlr wikSm whj,qka wikSm jd¾;d msgm;a follska hq;=j
mrSlaIKd.drh fj; rfmda¾;= lrúh hq;=h's wikSm jd¾;d ffjoHd.dr fld'fkd'ks
fj; osh hq;=h's ^fuh isÿlrkafka fmrosk rdcldrs fldam%,a úiska&
3. l|jqre msrsiÿs Ndjh mrSlaId l< hq;=h's
4. l|jqre msrsiÿs Ndjh mrSlaId l< hq;=h's
5. iEu wdydr fõ,loSu fNdackd.drh ;=, /|S isáh hq;=h's
6. fiiq ks<hkaf.a Ng ksjdi mrSlaId lsrSu yd Tjqkaf.a úkh úfrdê l%shd ld¾hNdr
ierhka fj; jd¾;d l< hq;=hs'
7. ojfia ksfhda.$,sms fnodyersh hq;=hs'
8. 2200 mehg udKav,sl fmfrÜgqjg iyNd.s úh hq;=hs'
9. 2215 mehg úÿ,s myka ksjd weoaoehs fidhd ne,sh hq;=hs'
10.rdcldrSj,ska ksis mrsos uqodyers úg ffoksl rdcldrs fmd; iïmQ¾Klr B,Õ oifia
ld¾hNdr ierhka fj; rdcldrs Ndr osh hq;=h's

Ng ksjdi úkh mámdáh

1. fcHIaG;ajhg .re lsrSu' ^ wduka;%Kh" øjH mrsyrKh&

2. wdpdr iudpdr meje;aùu'
3. Ng ksjdi ;=,g u;ameka f.k tafuka je,lSu yd u;ameka mdkh lsrSfuka je,lSu'
4. Ng ksjdi j, uqo,a fhdojd lrk lsisu l%Svdjla fkdlsrSu'
5. Ng ksjdi ;=, wdydr .ekSfuka je<lSu'
6. wuq;a;ka Ng ksjdi ;=,g /f.k fkdhdu'
7. l:dny lsrSfï oS YsIag nj /lsu
S yd wd.ñl " foaYmd,k ud;Dld j,ska f;drùu'
8. fmdÿ yd mqoa.,sl ikSmdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a ùu'
9. cSj m;frdï yd mqmqrk øjH Ng ksjdih ;=<g f.k tafuka je<lSu'
10.Ng ksjdi ;=< we;s bxcsfkare yd úÿ,s WmlrK yd ne/lal WmlrK
m%fõiï iys;j mdúÉÑ lsrSu tajd wkjirfhka ;snQ ;ekaj,ska fjkia fkdlsrSu'
11. wkjirfhka úÿ,s /yeka woSfuka je<lSu'

.sks uqr rdcldrs

1. l|jqf¾ ish¿u fokd .skak ms<sn| oekqj;a lsrSu'
2. .skak wjg we;s jdyk " .sks weúf,k iq,q jákd øjH bj;a lsrSu'
3. .sks wdrlaIl j,,a,la iEoSu'
4. l|jqrska msgùu" fyda l|jqrg we;=,aùu j,ld,Su'

41 | P a g e
 .sks ksùfï Lkavfha rdcldrs
1. .skak ksùug jyd l%shd lsrSu'
2. .skka g yiqjQ msrsia " jákd foam, yels;dla fírd .ekSu'

udKav,sl fmfrÜgqj i|yd iyNd.s jk ks<hka

 ojfia ld¾h Ndr ks<Odrs

 ojfia ld¾h Ndr ierhka
 ojfia ld¾h Ndr fldam%,a
 ojfia ld¾h Ndr frcsfïka;= fmd,sia
 ìhq.,a k,dlre

ìhq.,a k<d

0500 rsfj,s msìoSu (Reveille)

f*da,a bka flda,a - fm< ieoSu (Fall in Call)

fukaia ó,a flda,a - fNdackd.drhg le|ùu (Men’s Meal Call)

5 ñksÜ flda,a - fmr oekqï oSu ( 5 Minute Call)

1800 rsàÜ - miq neiSfï k<d y~ (Retreat)

2130 frda,a flda,a - kï ,l=Kq lsrSu (1st Post)

2200 iagd*a fmrâ - udKav,sl fmrÜgqj (Last Post)

2215 ,hsÜia wjqÜ - úÿ,s myka ksùu (Lights Out)

42 | P a g e
cdYsn jeros yd oËju

43 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

miajk tallh ^m,uq fldgi& (- kdhl;ajh (Leadership)

kdhl;ajh hkq WmrSufhka fiajh lsrSuhs - fcdaka wd¾ fudÜ

;uka úiska bgq lsrSug ;SrKh l, l%shdud¾.h wka wh ,jd " Tjqka úiska ;SrKh lr.;a l%shd
f,i fmd<Ujd bgq lrjd .ekSu kdhl;ajhhs fckrd,a whsika yj¾ iiii

kdhl;ajh hkq wd;aud¾:ldó fkdùuhs - fcdaka wd¾ fudÜ

kdhl;ajh hkq - ;uka hgf;a isák msrsila ksis md,khlska hq;=j fhduqfldg
wKoSu u.ska ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ld¾hhka Tjqkaf.a leue;af;ka bgqlrjd
.ekSug we;s yelshdjhs'

f,dal kdhlfhda
1. w;s olaI kdhlfhda (Excellent Leaders)

 iyhlhskaf.a woyia wkQu; lrhss' Tjqkaj ffO¾hj;a lrkakg oeä

W;aidyhla .kS'
 wkHhka úYajdi lrhs' Tjqka ;+, úYajdih f.dv ke.Sugo fjfyfihss'
 b;d fyd| ixksfõolfhla fjñka iyhlhska tosfkod f;dr;+re ms<sU|
oekQj;a lrhs'
 f,dj ms<ns |j oekqu ks;r w;a lr.kS'
 iydhlhska ms<sn|j m%ixikd;aulj l:d lrhs'
 wkHhkaf.a oshkq qj Wfoid W;ail
q ùug Tjqkaj osrsu;a lrhs'
 Wiia ;;a;ajfhka ish,a, bgqlsrSug Tjqkaj fufyhjhs'

2. ÿ¾j, kdhlfhda (Poor Leaders)

 wúksYaÑ; woyia orhs' wjia:djla ,o iekska u.yer m,dhhs'
 jev wêl nj yÕjñka hful=g ijkaoSu fyda wjjdo lsrSu meyer yrshs'
 iq¨ jeroSuloS mjd iyhlhkag fodia mjrk w;r" hula id¾:l jQ úg tys
f.!rjh muKla ;ud i;+ lr.kS'
 wiqnjdoS f,iska ish,a, ;lafiare lrk w;r ìh.ekaùï yd ;¾ckhka u.ska
wkHhka fiajfha fhoùug W;aidy lrhs'
 wkHhka wj;lafiarejg ,lalrk w;r tla wfhl=g tla fohlao ;jfll=g
;j;a fohlao lSug ;rï foìä m%;m s ;a;shla wkq.ukh lrhs'

44 | P a g e
kdhlhska j¾.

taldêm;s kdhlhd () - iEu úgu ;ud wkqkag jvd Wiia hehs yeÕùug W;aidy
lrhs' ;u u;fhau t<U isák w;r wka whf.a u; wkqidikd ms<sfkd.kS'

l<ukdldr kdhlhd () - ish¨ foau iñmQ¾K kS;shg iñm%odhg wkqj isÿúh hq;= nj
Tyqf.a u;hhs' Tyqf.a wK kS;shgu ms<smoskafka oehs fidhd n,hs' mqoa., Wkkaÿj
wffO¾hu;a lrhs'

WodiSk kdhlhd () - ñ;%YS,S mqo.

a ,fhls' ;udf.a hg;a jeishkag rsisfia lghq;=
lsrSug bvyrs' Tjqka .ek fidhd fkdn,hs' kS;sh yd iñm%odh .ek lsisu ;elSula
fkdlrhs' wkHhkag wjjdo oSu Tjqkaf.a jeros fmkajdoSu fudyqg kqmqreÿh'

m%cd;ka;%jdoS kdhlhd () - fiiq kdhlhkag jvd id¾:l;ajhla fmkakqï lrhs' fudyq

wkH u;hg .re lrhs' md,s;hkag iSud iys; ksoyila ,ndfohs' Tjqkag fydoska
ijkafohs' wkqkaf.a hym; .eko is;d n,hs' iudk;au;dj ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,la olajhs'
lKavdhï yeÕSu oshK q q lsrSug fjfyfik w;r m%;sm,odhs ixfYdaOk flfrys is;a fhduq
lrhs'

f,dal kdhlfhda tu ;ekaj,g msúisfha flfiao

kdhl;ajh ,eîfï wjia:d (
 Wreufhka -fm<m;ska ^rcjre&
 h%qO n,fhka - ^wef,laiekav¾" kefmda,shka&
 wjia:dkql+,j - ^ishdjq,ayla" weÜ,ia idñ&
 wyñfnka - ^rcSõ .dkaê&

kdhl;ajh oerSfñ úúO ;rd;srñ

 Wodr mrud¾: mdol fldg.;a kdhl;ajh
 Wmfhda.s;d uQ,sl kdhl;ajh
 wú n,fhka ,nk kdhl;ajh
 m%;sm;a;s Wfoid jQ kdhl;ajh
 wNsm%dhka bgq lr .ekSfï kdhl;ajh
 wkq.dñlhka W;a;rS;r Ndjhg m;alrk kdhl;ajh

 Wodr mrud¾: mdol fldg.;aa kdhl;ajh

ck;d úYajdih oskQ " hqla;s O¾udkq .; f,i n,h f.dv k.d.;a ck;dj
hdhq;= u. ms<sn| oDIaGshla we;s jeo.;a ;SrK j,oS ck;d úYajdih oskQ kdhlfhda fuu
fldgig wh;ah'
WodyrK (- YS% fkare �" uy;aud .dkaê

 Wmfhda.s;d uQ,sl kdhl;ajh

Wkqkaf.a ´kE tmd lñ wkqj fjkiajk m%;sm;a;sfhka f;dr wjia:djg
.e,fmk mrSoS kdhlhd ;u ms<sfj;a fjkia lrk rfÜ hym; Wfoid ;uka n,fha isàu
wjYHh hk ye.Sfuka lghq;= lrk kdhlfhdah'
WodyrK (- udfldaia " w,s nQfgda
45 | P a g e
 wú n,fhka ,nk kdhl;ajh
wú Yla;sh fmkajd md,kh lrk cd;Ska hg;a lr.k isák kdhlfhd fuu
fldgig wh;ah'
WodyrK () kefmda,shka " ysÜ,¾ " uyd wef,laikav¾

 m%;sm;a;s Wfoid jQ kdhl;ajh

hym;a mrudra: uqÿka muqKjq d .ekSfï woyiska we;sjk kdhl;ajhs'
WodyrK (- udlaia - iudKd;au;djh
tan%yï ,skalka - jy,a fufyh ;=rka lsrSu
uy;aud .dkaê - wúysxidjdoh

 wNsm%dhka bgq lr .ekSfñ kdhl;ajh

;udf.a Wkak;sh yd ;u mrïmrdfõ Wkak;sh Wfoid we;slr .kakd kdhl;ajhs'
WodyrK (- bû wóka - W.kavdj
udfldai - ms,smSkh

 wkq.dñlhka W;a;rS;r Ndjhg m;alrk kdhl;ajh

wkq.dñlhkaf.a hym; Wfoid lghq;= lrk kdhl;ajhs'
WodyrK (- nqÿrcdkka jykafia
ls%ia;=ia jykafia
fudyuû ;=ud

kdhlfhl= ;=< j¾Okh lr.; hq;=

kdhl;ajh ÿyq,a lrk ,CIK
.=Kdx.

1. oekqu 1. uqyqKq folla fmkaúu

2. ld¾hY+r;ajh 2. l=yllu
3. ffO¾hh 3. lsU,
q a l֬ fy,Su
4. úkh 4. WosiSk nj
5. ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj 5. ìh.=¨lu
6. msrsia md,kh 6. /já,a,
7. mCImd;s;ajh 7. wd;aud¾:ldñ nj
8. ldhsl yd udkisl ksuqkq .;sh 8. pm,lu
9. wmCImd;s;ajh 9. uqrkavl
q u
10. mS%;s m%fudaoh
11. wjxlNdjh
12. ÿr olakd kqjK

46 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

miajk tallh ^fojk fldgi& (- jev wdpdrO¾u -

Works Ethics

• bf.kqï wNsud¾: -
jev wdpdr O¾u oshK
q q lsrSu ;=<k
s a fiajlfhla f,i wkd.;fhaoS Tng oshK
q qùug
jev wdpdr O¾u n,mdkafka flfiao hkakhs'

• ye|skaùu -
yeisrSu ms<sn| iïu;hla yd ld¾hh M,fha jákdlu

• fiajlhka i|yd wfmalaIdjka -

fiajHhdg wjYH fudkjdo
fiajlhka oskd .ekSfï .;s ,laIK

jev wdpdrO¾u hkq

• jev wdpdrO¾u hkafkys ir, woyi kï iodpdr m%;sm;a;s moaO;shla
hkakhs'

 cSú;fha úúO wjia:djkaj,oS ;SrK .ekSu" iodpdrd;aul foa lsrSu" mqoa.,hka jgyd .ekSu"
iodpdr iudchla f.dvke.Su hk fï ish,a, jev wdpdr O¾u f,i y÷kajhs'

 jev wdpdr O¾u hkq yfola hfula ;ukaf.a /lshdj wNsjDoaêh ms<sn| we;s ye.su muKla
fkdj ;ukaf.a /lshdj fyda wod, ld¾hh lrkafka flfiao iy ;udf.a j.lSï ms<sn|j is;d
ne,Suh'

fuysoS we;s lr.; hq;= wx. f,i

 hym;a wdl,amj,g .re lsrSu
 hym;a yeiSrSïj,g .re lsrSu
 ikaksfõok l%uhka .re lsrSu yd tajd f;areï .ekSu
 tlaj l%shdlsrSug we;s yelshdj
 wjxlnj
 j.lsj hq;= nj
 hym;a is;=ú,s j¾Okh
 ;udf.a fukau wka whf.a hym; .ek is;Su
 iu.sj lghq;= lsrSu
47 | P a g e
  wka whg .re lsru
S yd Tjqka f;areï .ekSu
 ks¾udKd;aul nj

jev wdpdr O¾uhka wkqj lghq;= l< yels ia:dk

• l%Svd W;aij
• uyd ud¾.h
• úúO W;aij wjia:d
• frday,
• iudc iqNidOl jevj,oS
• wd.ñl jevigyka j,oS
• nexl=j
• mdi,
• fmd,sish

hï ld¾hhla bgq lsrSfïoS mqoa., is;sú,s yd yeisrï

S wkqj úúO ,laIK
biau;= fõ' kuq;a wdpdr O¾u wkq.ukh lrk mqoa.,hka ;=< my; i|yka
,laIK wka;¾.; úh hq;h = '

 ld¾hh ksjerosj bgq lsrSu'

 ld¾hhka ms<s.; yels whqrska bgq lsrSu'
 wka wh ;=< úYajdih we;sjk mrsos ;u ld¾hhka bgq lsrSu'
 ;u ld¾hhka ksjerosj kS;s .relj bgq lsrSu'
 wka wh w.h lsrSu'
 wruqKq fyda oelau flfrys Wkkaÿfjka lghq;= lsrsu'
 wjxlj lghq;= lsrsu'
 ish,q fokd iuÕ tlaj lghq;= lsrsu'
 wjHdc núka hq;=j lghq;= lsrSu'
 tlsfkldg .re lsrSu'

mqoa.,hd ;=< l=uk fyda wdldrhkaf.ka wdpdr O¾u mj;sk w;r Tjqkaf.a is;=ú,s
wkqj tu wdpdr O¾uj, meje;au ;SrKh fõ'

jev wdpdr O¾uhkaf.ka fyì mqoa.,hd ;=< Tyqf.a ienE we;=<dka;h Tjqf.a
prs;h ;=< iajNdúlj biau;= fõ' thg ksrka;rfhka n,mdkafka Tyq fyda weh ;=<
mj;sk Ok fyda RK wdl,amhkah'

jev wdpdrO¾u ixialD;shla yd tys wruqK

fuys ir,;u w¾:h jkafka iodpdr m%;sm;a;shla hkakhs' wdpdr O¾u /ila tlaj jev
ixialD;shla ìys fõ'
• cSú;fha úúO ;srK .ekSu
• iodpdrd;aul foa lsrSu
• mqo.
a ,hka jgyd .ekSu
• iodpdr iudchla f.dv ke.Su
• ñksiqka ;u cSú; .; lrk wdldr
48 | P a g e
by; i|yka ish,af,a tl;=j iodpdrd;aul o¾Ykhhs'

jHdmdrhla fyda ixúOdkhla fyda ´kEu lKavdhula ;=< iodpdrd;aul fldgi tys
l%shdldrlï iy ;SrK ixúOdkhka u; jk m%;sm;a;s w¾: ud,djla fõ' tu ;SrK yd
l%shdldrlï iodpdrd;aul núka jeä jkúg iud.ï o¾Ykh b;d meyeos,s fõ' túg tys
M,odhs;djh" lS¾;sh" iudch ;=< we;s ms<s.ekSu jeä fõ'

jev lrk w;r;=r jHjidh wruqK imqrd,Su i|yd

• m%;sm;a;s yd kS;srS;s ms<sn|j wjxlNdjh mj;ajd.ekSu'

• jev wLKav;djh iodpdrd;aulj l%shd lsrSu ;=<ska ld¾hh wjidkfha jvd;a id¾:l
m%;sM, ,nd.; yelsh' ta ;=<ska we;sjk Ñ;a;m%S;sh Tiafia ysñlrejka yd fiajlhkaf.
• Ñ;a; ffO¾h
• Okd;aul Ñka;kh
• fi!LH iïmkak nj
• jev lsrSfï wdYdj
• wd;au ;Dma;h s hk idOl Tiafia iodpdr iudchla ìys fõ'

jev ixialD;shl jeo.;a lu

fiajlhkaf.a yeisrSu ;=< iy Tjqkg wod< l%shdjg wkqj Yla;su;a jev

ixialD;shla ìys l< hq;=h' Tjqkg m%;m s ;a;s ldjoaojd tysoS lsisÿ fm<Tùulska f;drj
ia:djr iy by< M,odhs ;djhlg Tjqkaj fhduq lrk w;r l<ukdlrejka u.ska
;SrKh lrk fuu m%;m s ;a;s u.Ska ìysjk jev ixialD;sh fndfydaúg fiajlhka yg
f;areï lsrSfuka ta flfrys mqyqKùq ï j, fhoúh hq;=h'

jev ixialD;shl ld¾hh M,odhs;dj

hï ld¾hhla M,odhSj isÿlsrSu ;=<k
s a ,nd.; yels jdis

• fyd| jev ixialD;shla we;s mqoa.,hka ìys ùu

• wka whg jvd fõ.fhka b;d M,odhsj jev lrk mqo. a ,hka ìysùu
• jeä jev fldgila b;d id¾:lj wju n,hlska yd wju ld,hlska bgq lsrSu
• wvq idudcsl idudcsldjka msrsilf.ka jqjo id¾:l m%;M
s , ,nd.; yelsh
• jev lrk mqoa.,hkaf.a Y%uh" ld,h" b;srs lr .ekSug yelshdj ,eîfuka Tjqka
;j ;j;a Yla;su;a ùu

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha uQ,sl jev ixialD;sh

ixúOdkfha wdpdr O¾u ms<sn| fiajl fiaúldjka oekqj;a lsrSug fyd|u l%uh
mqreÿ lsrSï jk w;r ´kEu ixúOdkhl uQ,sl jev lghq;= i|yd wdpdr O¾u
we;=<;a úh hq;=h'

49 | P a g e
ks< we÷ï iïnkaO fr.=,dis

• ixúOdkfha fiajlhkayg fmdÿ ks, we÷ula ;sìu'

• Tjqkf.a ;k;=re j,g wod, kS;s rS;s fr.=,dis mej;Su'
• ish,qu fiajlhka i|yd kS;srS;s yd fr.=,dis ikaksfõokh lsrsu'
• ixúOdkfha iuia; kS;s fr.=,dis mej;Su'

ixúOdkhla .;a úg fiajlhka tys fld÷kdráh jk w;r tu ksid fiajl

whs;Ska iq/lSu iy hï hï kS;suh mshjr i|yd kS;s rS;s yd fr.=,dis ms<sn| fiajlhka
oekqj;a l< hq;= w;r wkkH;djh i|yd Tjqkg ks< we÷u ;sìh hq;=h'

fiajlhkaf.a f.!rjh

fiajlhkayg f.!rj yd iïudk ,eîu Tjqkaf.a whs;sh jk w;r fr.=,dis

mekùfïoS idOdrK úh hq;= w;r Tjqkaf.a b,a,Sï i,ld ne,sh hq;=h'

Wod (- 1. fiajlhkaf.a újdyhlg ksjdvq ,ndoSu'

2. Tjqkaf.a fi!LH ms<sn| fidhd ne,Su'

fiajlhka i|yd ksoyia Wmdê

fiajlhkaf.a fiajd ld,h yd úúO yelshd ;;aj u; /lshdfõ Wiiaùï
,nd.ekSu i|yd Tjqkag Wmdê ^wOHdmk& wjia:d ,nd osh hq;=h' wOHdmk iqÿiqlï
fkdue;slu my< fiajd uÜgïj, isák fiajlhka wOHdmkhg fhduq lsrSfuka Tjqkaf.a
jD;a;Sh uÜgu by< kexùug yd fyd| wd¾:sl uÜgula fukau Tjqkaf.a iïm;a
odhl;ajh Wmrsufhka ,nd.; yelsh'

jegqma yd Wiia lsrSu ms<sn| meyeos<s m%;sm;a;s

• Tjqkaf.a jegqma ksis fõ,djg ksis m%udKhg f.úh hq;=h'
• Tjqka ms<sn| .kakd ;SrK ksis fõ,djg .; hq;=h'
• Tjqkaf.a Wiia lsrSï lsisÿ mlaImd;s;ajhlska f;drj isÿl< hq;=h'

ksjdvq ,ndoSfï m%;sm;a;s

• fuu ld¾hh lrkq ,nkaf.a udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrejka úiskah'

• ksjdvq iïnkaOj jir uq,oS oekqj;a l< hq;=h'
• ish,q fiajlhka w;r ksjdvq osk o¾Ykhla u.ska fnod osh hq;=h'

ixúOdkhla ;=< oS jev wdpdr O¾u j, n,mEu

l<ukdlrKfhaoS ish,q fokdgu iudkj ie,lSu b;d jeo.;a fõ' jhi" fiajd ia:dkh"
ck jd¾.sl;ajh ixialD;ska ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= w;r úksúo olsk ishï q yoj;la
l<ukdlrejkag ;sìh hq;=h'

50 | P a g e
kdhl;aj wpdr O¾u ud,djla yd fiajl wdpdr O¾u ud,djla ixúOdkhg flfia
n,mdhso@

• whs;slre yd úOdhl uÜgfï kdhlhka jeo.;ah'

• fiajlhka muKla fkdj úOdhlhkao wjxlj úksúoj lghq;= l< hq;=h'
• ixúOdkh iodpdrd;aul iïu;hkaf.ka ne|s ;sìh hq;=h'
• mdrsfNda.l
s hkag;a iudchg;a iud.ug;a iq¿ ,dN ;sìh hq;=h'

ixúOdkhla ;=< wdpdr O¾u ms<sn| y÷kajk fjk;a wx.

ixúOdkhla ;=< fiajl iodpdrd;aul yeisrSï rgd ixialD;shla we;s lsrSu rcfha
wruqK jk w;r tysoS wkq.ukh lrk uQ,O¾u wju jYfhka 04 la fhdod.ks'

• wdpdr O¾u iy m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| ,sÅ; fldgi

• úOdhl ks<Odrska l<ukdlrejka yd fiajlhka i|yd wdpdr O¾u mqyqKqj
• iodpdrd;aul wjia:dkQl+, Wmfoia oSu
• ryis.; jd¾;d moaO;sh

Yla;su;a jev ixialD;shl uQ,sl wx.

tla mqo.
a , m%fõYhla fyda Ñka;khla u.ska fyd| jev wdpdr O¾uhka ks¾jpkh lsrSug
wmyiqh' hï wfhl=g ksjeros f,i fmfkk wdpdr O¾u ;j;a wfhl=g ksjeros f,i fkdfmfka '
fndfyda ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hka wdpdr O¾u iodpdrd;aul jákdlï u; mj;ajd.ks'

úYaùh f,i fyda fmdÿ whqrska jHjidhlhka ish fiajlhkaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jk yd Tjqka wkq.ukh lrk fmdÿ wdpdr O¾u

• wjxlnj
• wkkH;djh
• wmlaImd;s;ajh
• jxlNdjh
• wkawhg .re lsrSu
• úYajdikSh;ajh yd j.lsj hq;= nj
• wêIaGdkh
• lemùu
• j.lSï
• kS;Hdkql+,Ndjh
• olaI;djh
• ksy;udksnj

• wjxlnj
wjxlnj wka iEu wx.hla id¾:l lr.ekSug wjYH jk w;r id¾:l;ajh yd
wid¾:l;ajh w;r wjxl úh hq;=h'

• wkkH;djh
fmdfrdkaÿ bgq lsrSu" yeisrSu ia:djrj mj;ajd .ekSu fuysoS ie,lsh hq;=h'
51 | P a g e
• wmlaImd;s;ajh
ish,q fokdgu .re lsrSu yd mlaImd;s;ajfhka f;drj ie,lsh hq;=h'

• jxlNdjh
fiajlhka w;r fyda wfkla lKavdhï idudcslhka iuÕ woyia" ;SrK" Wmdh
ud¾. yd iïm;a fnod yod .ekSfuka Tnf.a wdh;kfha ryiHNdjhg ydks lrhs'

• wka whg .re lsrSu

wfkl=;a whf.a woyia yd fhdackd j,g .re lrhs'

• úYajdikSh;ajh yd j.lsj hq;= nj

• fiajlhskag kshñ; fõ,djg jev NdroSu'
• Tjqka /iaùïj,g le|ùu'
• wh jeh yd kHdh m;%hg wkqj mejreï ,ndoSu'
• .kqfokq lrejka mdrsfNda.l
s hka w;r úYajdih r|jd .ekSu'

• wêIaGdkh
• .eg¿ i|yd Okd;aulj uqyqKoSu'
• ord.ekSfï yelshdj ,nd.ekSu'
• wjidk wruqK bgqjk;=re W;aidy lsrSu'

• lemùu
;udg Ndrÿka ld¾h id¾:lj wjika lrk ;=re Un ;=< we;s lemùu

• ryiHNdjh
Tn úiska wdrlaId l< hq;= ,sms f,aLK n,h ke;s ck;djg fyda whs;shla ke;s
mqo.
a ,hskag lsisÿ whqrlska fy<s fkdlsrSu'

• j.lSu
Tfì is;=ú,s Tn .kakd ;SrK Tnf.a l%shdjka ms<sn| iïmQ¾K j.lSu ;ud i;=
úh hq;=h'

• kS;Hdkql+,Ndjh
• kS;suh rduqj ;=< iEu úgu Tnf.a ld¾hhka bgq l< hq;=h'
• kHdh m;%fha we;s kHdhka yd kS;Ska lv fkdl< hq;=h'

• olaI;djh
iEu úgu yels iEu wdldrhlskau ;u ld¾hh idOkh yd ksmqK;ajh oshK
q q lr
.ekSug lghq;= l< hq;=h'

• ksy;udksùu
fjk;a whf.a odhl;ajhka" woyia" ;SrK iy iyNd.s;ajh ksy;udks f,i
ms<sf.k ish¨ lreKq wdh;k oshK
q qj fjkqfjka fhdod.ekSug ksrka;rfhka lghq;= l<
hq;=h'

52 | P a g e
• uq,msrSu
Tnf.a woyia" fhdackd yd fpdaokd bosrsm;a lrñka wdh;kfha wkd.; hym;
fjkqfjka lghq;= l< hq;=h'

fyd|u jev wdpdr O¾u 10

• iyNd.s;ajh
• prs;h
• lKavdhï l%shdldrlï
• fmkqu
• wdl,am
• M,odhs;djh
• ixúOdkd;aul yelshdj
• ikaksfõokh
• iyfhda.s;djh
• f.!rjh

jev wdpdr O¾uhka weiqrk

s a Y=Njdos wd¾:sl yd iudcSh uÜgula Wodlr
.ekSu wmf.a j.lSuls'

53 | P a g e
 cd;sl YsIHNg n,ldh

yhjk tallh (- wdmod l,ukdlrKh

wdmod l,ukdlrKh yeoskaùu
 ks¾jpkh
 wdmod l,ukdlrKh wjYH;dj
 wdmod l,ukdlrKh mk; iy wruqKq

wdmod j¾.SlrKh yeoskù

a u
 iajdNdúl wdmod - N=ñ lïmd " .sksl÷ " iq<s iq,x " c, .e,Sï " úoq,s fláï yd wl=Kq
ier iqkdï "fjr< Ldokh " .s,d neiSï " mdxY= Ldokh" .xj;=r " ksh.h " ,eõ .sks "
jix.; " Woï r< " WKqiqï yd wêl iS; foaY.=Kh kdhhEï " mia l|q lvd jeáï

 ñksia l%shdldrlï ksid jk wdmod -

o ;dlaIKsl wdmod - .Eia LKsc f;,a fyda ridhksl øjH ldka÷ ùu" k, mqmqrjd
yerSu " f;,a gexls mqmqrd hdu'

o Wmfhda.s;d myiqlï wvmk ùu - k, mqmqrd hdu ksid c, iemhqu wvmk ùu "

iïmQ¾K ú¥,s n,h $ ¥rl:k moaO;sh ì|jeàu " ud¾. $ ¥ïrsh $ .=jka hdkd
wk;=re " md,ï $ c, gexls lvd jeàu

o yosis wjia:djka - f.dvke.s,a,l $ m%isoaO ia:dkhl msmsrSu " kd.rsl .sks .ekSu"
hqOuh ;;ajhka

wdmod l,ukdlrK ixúOdkh

cd;sl jHik l<uKdlrk iNdj msysgqùu

 jHik l<ukdlrK iNdj

 jHik l<ukdlrKh i|yd jQ wdh;ksl jHqyh

jHik l<uKdlrk uOHia:dkhla msysgù

q u

 jHik l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha ld¾hhka

 jHik l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha wdh;ksl jHqyh

54 | P a g e
wdmod l,ukdlrKh is¥jk wdldrh
 wdmod l,ukdlrKfhaoS wkq.ukh l< yels uQ,sl fldgia

 wjodku wvq lsrSu ioyd .;yels l%shd ud¾. - Possible Risk Reduction Measure
 fmr iQodkï l%shd ud¾. - Specific Preparedness Measures
 miq úm;a wjYH;d - Typical Post Disaster Needs
 n,mEu we.hSfï fuj,ï - Impact Assessment Tools

 wdmod l,ukdlrK pl%h

wdmod y÷kd .ekSu

kdhhdï" N+ñ lïmd" iqkdñ.xj;=r" wl=Kq .eiSï" iq,siq,x" ksh.

 wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

 wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh
 wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s
 wdmodfõ n,mEu wju lsrSu

m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlu
 mdi, ;=, is¥úhyels wdmod y¥kd .ekSu
 cd;sl wdmod wjia:dj,oS YsIHNghd i;= j.lSï

wdmod l,ukdlrKh yeoskaùu

 ks¾jpkh (-
iajdNdúl fyda ñksid úiska we;s lrk ,o mj;akd fyda b;d blaukska
we;súh yels Y%S ,dxlsl ñksia cSú;hg fi!LHhg wdrlaIdjg ydks muqKj
q k fyda
foam, ydks is¥lrk ;;ajhls'

 wdmod l,ukdlrKh wjYH;dj (-

mj;sk Wj¥re yoqkd.ekSu

tu Wj¥re l<ukdlrKh

ksis ie,iqu iy m%;spdr oelaùu ;=,ska m, úmdlhka j,lajd .ekSu iy wju lr .ekSu

 wdmod l,ukdlrK mk;

2005 wxl 13 ork YS% ,xld jHik l<uKdlrk mk;

iñu; lr .ekSu 2005. 05. 13

wdmod l,ukdlrK mk; wdjrKh jk wdmod 21 la y÷kd f.k we;'

kdh hEï" iq<siq,x" .xj;=r" ksh." l¾udka; Yd,d úkdYùï" iqkdïs" N+ñ lïmd" .=jka
wk;=re" .sks .ekSï" jix.;" msmsrdhdï" jdhq oQIK" hqOuh ;;ajhka" ridhksl wk;=re"
úlsrK ;;ajhka" f;,a ldkaoùq ï" kHIaÀl wdmod" kd.rsl .sks.ekSï" iuqø Ldokh"
fgdkefvda" wl=KQ .eiSï

55 | P a g e
mkf;a wruqKq
 cd;sl jHik l<uKdlrk iNdj msysgù q u'
 jHik l<uKdlrk uOHia:dkhla msysgù q u'
 ;dlaIKsl Wmfoia lñgqjla msygs ù
q u'
 jHik l<uKdlrk ie<iqï ms<sfh, lsrSu'
 jHik ;;ajhla m%ldYhg m;a lsrSu'
 ta yd iïnkaO wfkl=;a isoê
a ka i|yd jkaos m%odkh yd Bg wdkqYdx.sl úêúOdk
ie<eiaùu'

wdmod j¾.SlrKh yeoskù

a u
 iajdNdúl wdmod - N=ñ lïmd " .sksl÷ " iq<s iq,x " c, .e,Sï " úoq,s fláï yd wl=Kq
ier iqkdï "fjr< Ldokh " .s,d neiSï " mdxY= Ldokh" .xj;=r " ksh.h " ,eõ .sks "
jix.; " Woï r< " WKqiqï yd wêl iS; foaY.=Kh kdhhEï " mia l|q lvd jeáï

 ñksia l%shdldrlï ksid jk wdmod -

o ;dlaIKsl wdmod - .Eia LKsc f;,a fyda ridhksl øjH ldka÷ ùu" k, mqmqrjd
yerSu " f;,a gexls mqmqrd hdu'

o Wmfhda.s;d myiqlï wvmk ùu - k, mqmqrd hdu ksid c, iemhqu wvmk ùu "

iïmQ¾K ú¥,s n,h $ ¥rl:k moaO;sh ì|jeàu " ud¾. $ ¥ïrsh $ .=jka hdkd
wk;=re " md,ï $ c, gexls lvd jeàu

o yosis wjia:djka - f.dvke.s,a,l $ m%isoaO ia:dkhl msmsrSu " kd.rsl .sks .ekSu"
hqOuh ;;ajhka

wdmod l,ukdlrK ixúOdkh

mk; u.ska

 cd;sl jHik l<uKdlrk iNdj msysgqjuS

 jHik l<uKdlrk uOHia:dkhla msysgjq uS

jHik l<ukdlrK iNdj

 iNdm;s (- ckdêm;s
 Wm iNdm;s (- w.ue;s
 úmlaI kdhl
 wud;HxY Ndr weu;sjreka
^ iudc iqN idOk" mqkre;a:dmk yd m%;sixialrK iajfoaY lghq;= "mrsir " fi!LH "
úoHd yd ;dlaIK " fjr< ixrlaIK " ksjdi " jdrs ud¾. " úÿ,s n, " wdrlaIl "
fmd,sia " uqo,a " bvï " ëjr yd c,c iïm;a " úfoaY lghq;= " c, iïmdok " uyd
ud¾. " k.r ixj¾Ok " wOHdmk &

 ish¿u m,d;a iNd m%Odk weu;sjre

 úreoaO mdlaIsl uka;%S jreka 5fofkla

56 | P a g e
 jHik

iudc iqNidOk
l<ukdlr
jHik fmd,Sish
mqkre;a:dmk iy m%;sixialrK l<ukdlrKhi|yd uqo,a
iajfoaY lghq;= jq cd;sl iNdj bvï
ffi!LH
úoHd iy ;dCIK
a ëjr iy c,c iïm;a
úfoaY lghq;=
ksjdi Uy weu;sjre úreoaO mlaI uka;%k
S a
c, iïmdok
fjr< ixrCIK uyd ud¾.
jdrsud¾.
úÿ,sn,h
jHik kd.rsl ixj¾Ok
wOHdmk
wdrCIl lghq;=
úIh Ndr weu;sjreka
l<ukdlrKuOHia mdrirsl
osi;
a s%laf,alï$osidm úIh Ndr weu;sjreka
m,d;a iNd
;s osia;s%la uÜgfï
wdh;k$fomd¾;fïka;=j
m%dfoaYsh iNd m%dfoaYshf,alï
.%du ks<Odrs

.%dñh ld¾h idOk n<ldhka

^ osia;s%la wdmod l<ukdlrK ks<OdrSka u.ska iïnkaëlrKh lrkq we; &

jHik l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha wdh;ksl jHqyh

jHik l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha
wdh;ksl jHqyh

cd;sl uÜgu jHik l<ukdlrK cd;sl WmfoaYl

uOHia:dkh

;dCIK ;dCIKl mqyKq q

jHik wkdjels fmr cd;sl yosis
WmfoaYl WmfoaYl wOHdmk iy ;dCIK wjia:d
l<ukdlrK mQ¾j wK;=re iqokï
lusgq m%cd oekqj;a WmfoaYl fufyhqï
we.ùu iy ie,iqï ;dCIK lsrSfï
;dCIK iy m;=rejd yerSfï tallh WmfoaYl tallh
lñgq uOHia:dkh
^wOHCIl&
wjulrk tallh ^wOHCIl& lñgq ^wOHCIl&
tallh ^wOHCIl&
msrsia yd md,k wxYh udOH tallh
^wOHCIl& ^ksfhdacH wOHCIl& ^ksfhdacH wOHCIl&
.sKqï wxYh
^ksfhdacH wOHCIl&
osia;%sla yosis wjia:d fufyhqï uOHia:dk
w;rueos ^ osia;s%la iïnkaëldrl &

iy jHik l<ukdlrK iyldr

m%dfoaYsh
ugzgu

57 | P a g e
wdmod l,ukdlrKh is¥jk wdldrh
wdmod l,ukdlrKfhaoS wkq.ukh l< yels uQ,sl fldgia

 wjodku wvq lsrSu ioyd .;yels l%shd ud¾. - Possible Risk Reduction Measure
 fmr iQodkï l%shd ud¾. - Specific Preparedness Measures
 miq úm;a wjYH;d - Typical Post Disaster Needs
 n,mEu we.hSfï fuj,ï - Impact Assessment Tools

Wjÿrla $Wmøjhla hkq isÿùug wdikak wk;=rls

Wjÿr$Wmøjh
HAZARD újD; Ndjh
wjodkug ,laù we;s
EXPOSURE foam, j, jgskdlu
- Values at risk

f.dÿreùug we;s bvlv

VULNERABILITY f.dÿreùug we;s bvlv
- Vulnerability

úm;la we;sùug we;s bv ^wjodku&
Potential for Disaster (RISK)

jsm; $
wdmodj
DISASTER

58 | P a g e
 wdmod l,ukdlrK pl%h
j s
m; al < uk dl r K pl %
h
Disaster Management Cycle

f mr j s
m; awj odk uzwv ql s rS
f uz
l %
s
h d udr A
.
Pre-disaster risk reduction Disaster
j s
mf ; y s
n , mEu impact
f mr i Qodk u
Preparedness i y k dOdr
Relief

mq
k r e; a
: dmk h
wj u l s
rSu Rehabilitation
Mitigation
m%
; s
i xi l r K h
Reconstruction
mi qj s
m; al sh d udr A
% .
Post-disaster recovery phase

wdmod y÷kd .ekSu

kdhhdï N+ñlïmd iqkdñ .xj;=r wl=Kq .eiSï iq,siq,x ksh.

 wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

 wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh
 wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s
 wdmodfjs n,mEu wju lsrSu

by; i|yka wdmod ms<sn| oek .ekSu

kdhhdï
wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh
Wia ia:dkhl isg my;a ia:dkhla olajd nEjqula osf.a .=re;aj n,h ksid ueÜ frdka uv
je,s fndrM yd úYd, .,a j,ska iukaú; foayhl .,d hEuls'

wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

kdhhEï we;sùug iajNdúl fya;= iy ñksia l%shdldrlï n,mdkq ,efÄ' uE; ld,fha Y%S
,xldfõ isÿ jQ kdhhEï ie,l+ úg bka 70] la muKu isoj
q we;af;a ñksia ls%hdldrlï fya;f
= jks'

iajNdúl fya;=

• wOsl j¾Idj
• N+ñ lïmd fyda N+ñ p,k we;sùu
• l÷ nEjqï j, wdk;sh
• mdIdK .eUqrg osrdm;a ùu
• ¥¾j, c, jyk rgdj
• l÷ iEoS we;s mdIdK j¾.
59 | P a g e
ñksidf.a l%shdldrlï

• nEjqï m%foaY j, jkdka;r t<s lsrSu'

• loq nEjqï j, wúêu;a f.dvke.s,s boslsrSu'
• loq nEjqïj, we;s wdjrK ke;s lsrSu'
• wúêu;a bvï mrsyrKh'
• wúêu;a f,i l÷lrfha .,a m¾j; msmsrùu'
• ñksid wúoHd;aulj isoqlrkq ,nk uyd ud¾. ;ekSu'
• nEjqï j, j.djka isoq lsrSu'
• iajdNdúl c, ud¾. wjysr lsrSu'
• m;,a lekSu'
• wúêu;a f,i mia l÷ lemSu yd msrùu '

wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s

• loqnEjqï j, me¿ï we;sù j¾Okh ù j¾Idj;a iu. ta ;=,ska c,h ldkaoq ùu yd

j;=r u,a iEoSu'
• m%foaYfha W,am;a u.ska fndr c,h yd WKqiqï fndr c,h ldka¥ùu'
• loqnEjqï j, we;s fmd,a mqjla jeks .ia my;a m%foaY j,g we,ù uq,a moaO;sh
.e,ù uerS hEu'
• ,hsÜ lKq wdosh nEjqu foig we,ùu ksjig by,ska we;s j¾Id c,h tl;=jk
ia:dk ysá yeáfha w;=reoykaù ksjig my,ska u;=ùu'
• fmd,fõ brs;e,Sï yd .eUqrg we;sjQ me¨ï ;sîu tu msmqreï l%ufhka úYd, ùu'
• nEjqu by, fyda uOH m%foaYfha mj;sk mDIaÀh c, m%Nj isÈhdu' ^,sx" c,
myrj,a" fmdl=K"q W,am;a hkdÈh&
• nEjqu my< m%foaYfha yÈiSfha c, W,am;a u;=ùu iy tu W,am;a c,h iy ,sx j,
c,h fndrmeye ùu'

wdmodfõ n,mEu wju lsrSu

 bxcsfkare yd N+úoHd;aul Wmfoia ,nd ksis whqre ;kk ,o ldkq moaO;s yd ì;a;s
f.dvkexùu'
 kdh .sh m%foaY j, fy,au¨ l%uhg f.dú;eka lsrSfuka c,h ukdj md,kh lsrSu'
 .,a jeá fk;a;s ldkq u.ska j¾Id c,h md,kh lsrSu'
 by, c,dOdr jHmD;s u.ska loq nEjqï ukdj ixrlaIKh lsru S wdmod m%foaY l,ska yoqkd
.ekSu'
 b;sydi.; f;dr;=re fidhd ne,Su'
 úoHd;aul l%u u.ska isoqlrk yoqkd .ekSu'
 wod, m%foaY is;shï.; lsrSu'
 l,ska yÿkd.;a m%foaYj, mq¾j ix{d l%u fhdod .ekSu'
 j¾Idj ms<ns oj o;a; /ia lsrSu'
 kdh hEï wdY%s; m%foaY is;shï .; lsrSu'
 kdhhEï md,kh yd wdrlaId ùu'
 kdhhEï j,ska isÿúh yels ydks wju lr .ekSug l%u yÿkajd oSu'

60 | P a g e
 N+ñlïmd
wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh
mDÓú wNHka;rh fldgia 3 ls' lfnd," m%djrKh" yrh' lfnd, by, m%djrkfha Wv
fldgi iu. Ys,d f.da,h idohs' fuh N+ ;eá j,g fnoS f.dia N+ ;eá iSud j,oS yuqfõ' úYd,
N= ;eÜ 07 " l=vd N= ;eÜ 12 " fuu N+;eÜ mDÓú lfnd, u; úúO osYdjkag b;d fifuka p,kh
jk w;r .eáï is¥ fõ' túg N+ñ lïmd we;sfõ'

wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

N+ ;eÜ iSud j,oS .egqï yg f.k we;sjk lïmk ;rx. mDÓú lfnd, ;=,ska .uka lsrSu'

wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s

 úYd, Yíohla weiSu

 fmd<j fi,ùu

wdmodfõ n,mEu wju lsrSu

 oekqj;a lsrSu'
 bxcsfkare ;dlaIKfhka hq;a f.dvke.s,s boslsrSu'
 fmr oekqï oSfï moaO;s we;s lsrSu'
 f.dvke.s,s m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| kS;srS;s l%shd;aul lsrSu'
 mQ¾j iQodkï ie,eiau ilia lsrSu'

iqkdñ
wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh

 N+ñ lïmd wmflakaøfha oS /,a, we;sfõ'

 fjr< wdikakfha c, Y+kH lrhs'
 fjrf<aoS fuu /,a, b;d Wia fõ'
 fõ.h o, jYfhka mehg lsñ 700 - 800 muK fõ'

wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

uqyqÿ fjr< wdikakfha fyda .eUqre m;af,a isg lsñ 100 we;s jk N+ñlïmd ksid iqkdñ
/,a, we;s fõ'

wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s

• iqkdñ N+lïmk we;sù ;(20la mj;Skus iqkdñ we;súh yel'

• uqyqoq uágu by, my, hdu'
• fmd<j fi,ùu'
• uqyqfoa úYd, r< we;sùu'
• i;=kaf.a wiajdNdúl yeisrSï rgd
• mdxY= cSúka lDñka jeks i;=ka fmd<j u;=msgg meñkSu yd f.dvìu foig .uka lsrSu'
• uqyqo isou
S iy uqyqoq m;=, u;=ùu'
• uqyqo foiska ùYd, Yíohla weiSu'

61 | P a g e
wdmodfõ n,mEu wju lsrSu

 uqyqÿ m;=f,a N+ñ lïmd ksrSlaIKh iqkdñ c, ;rx. ksrSlaIKh'

 c, uÜgu kS¾kh lsrSfï ia:dk (Tide station)
 merKs o;a; Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;;ajh úYaf,aIKh lr cd;sl uÜgñka oekqj;a lsrSu'
 uqyqoq fjr<nv ck;dj Wia m%foaYj,g f.khdu'
 yÿkd.;a iSudjla ;=, ckdjdi yd k.r bj;a lsrSu'

.xj;=r
wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh

jeis c,h rCIs; j,g Tfrd;a;= fkdoS udkj ckdjdi j,g me;sreKq úg .x j;=r
wdmodjla f,i y|qkj
a kq ,efí'

wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

 iajNdúl c, ud¾. Wjysr jk fia b|slsrSï isÿlsrSu'

 wdrlaIs; l,dm y|qkd fkdf.k b|slsrSï isÿlsrSu'
 W!k há;, myiqlï
 my;a ìï iy l=Ur
q e f.dv lsrSu
 c,.e,Sï j,g ñksid úiska Woõ lrk l%shdj,s
 úYd, f,i isÿ jk mdxY= Ldokh ksid we, fod, .x.dj, iy c,dY fmdl=Kq j, uv
;ekam;aù c, Odrs;djh wvqùu
 .ïno m%foaY j, we;s f;;a ìï c, rCIs; m%foaY lDIs ld¾ñl j.dìï i|yd fhdod .ekSu'
 ud¾. moaO;s iajNdúl c, rCIs; yryd bosslsrSu'
 k.r no m%foaY j, bos lsrSï ksid jeis c,h fmd,jg Wrd .ekSfï Yla;sh wvqùu'
 f;;a ìï ksjdi iy wksl=;a ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s i|yd fhdod .ekSu'

c, .e,SïS fmr ksñ;s

 jeä j¾Idm;kh
 c,dY j, c, uÜgu jeä ùu
 .xÕd j, c, uÜgu jeä ùu

62 | P a g e
 wdmodfõ n,mEu wju lsrSu

 lÿlr m%foaYj, ukd YdL jeiaula mj;ajd .ekSfuka jeis iufha c,h laIKslj my<g
.,d tau je,flk w;r my,ska msysá .x.d we, fod,j, c, uÜgu jeäùuo bka
iSudfõ'
 .x bjqr Ldokh je,elaùu'
 ie,iqï iy.; k.r ixj¾Okh
 c, ud¾. wjysr fkdù mj;ajd .ekSu'
 .Õg iudka;rj fõ,s neoSu'
 mj;akd kS;s rS;s ms<sn|j uy ck;dj oekqj;a lsrSu'

wl=Kq .eiSï
wdmodj we;sjQ ls%hdj,sh

wdfrdams; j,dl=,la yd fmd<j w;r we;sjk wdfrdamk yqjudrej ksid wl=Kq we;sfõ'

wdmodj we;s ùug n,mdk ,o fya;=

 wl=Kq wk;=r we;s wjia:dj, t,suyfka .ejiSu'

 wl=Kq wk;=r we;s wjia:dj, f,day NdKAv mrsyrKh lsru
S '

wdmodfõ fmr ksñ;s

 leá jeys j,dl=, fmd<j wdikakfha msysàu'

 iu u; frdau fl,ska ùu'
 jeis iys; mrSirhla ks¾udKh ùu'

wdmodfjs n,mEu wju lsrSu

 .s.r= eï y`v wefiakï t<suyfka fkdisákak

 wdrlaIl ia:dkhla lrd hkak
 l%Svd msá, f;a j;=, iqidk N+ñ, c,dY fyda l=Uqre jeks újD; ia:dkj, fkd.ejfikak
 úfYaIfhkau Wo¨, w,jx.= jeks f,day WmlrK yd g%elag¾ Ndú;d lrñka t<suyfka
lghq;= lsÍfuka j<lskak
 yqol<d .ia wdikakfha fyda Wi .ia hg fyda ta wdikakfha fkd/f`okak
 Wia ìï fyd l`ÿj, fyda wdikakfha fkd/f`okak
 /yeka ÿrl:k Ndú;d fkdlrkak
 rEmjdyskS iy .=jkaúÿ,s hka;% wekagkdfjka yd úÿ,s mßm: j,ska .,jd oukak

63 | P a g e