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Module 5 Random Sampling For Students

The document discusses random sampling techniques and distinguishes between population parameters and sample statistics. It provides examples to illustrate key concepts like random sampling, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster random sampling, and systematic random sampling. Formulas are given for calculating population and sample means, variances, and standard deviations.

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John Marvin D Amil
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143 views

Module 5 Random Sampling For Students

The document discusses random sampling techniques and distinguishes between population parameters and sample statistics. It provides examples to illustrate key concepts like random sampling, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster random sampling, and systematic random sampling. Formulas are given for calculating population and sample means, variances, and standard deviations.

Uploaded by

John Marvin D Amil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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March 21, 2023

OBJECTIVES

a. illustrate random sampling


b. distinguish between parameter and statistic
c. identify sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean)
d. find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean
e. define the sampling distribution of the sample mean for
normal population when the variance is:
(a) known;
(b) unknown
DISCOVER

The totality of subjects (people, animals or objects) under


consideration is called population.
Examples of population:
- All likely voters in the next election
- All parts produced today
- All sales receipts for November

The portion chosen from a population is called sample and the


process of taking samples is called sampling.
Examples of sample:
- 1000 voters selected at random for interview
- A few parts selected for destructive testing
- Random receipts
DISCOVER

Random Sampling is a sampling technique in which each


member of the population is given equal chance to be chosen
as part of the sample. The lottery method, drawing lots, or the
use of random numbers can be used to accomplish random
sampling.

The measurement or quantity that describes the population is


called parameter while the measurement or quantity that
describes the sample is called statistic.
Example 1: In order to test the effect of the new drug against
the corona virus to humans, 20 patients were given the dose.
After a minute, it was found that the body temperature in
average, decreased by 2⁰C.

Answer the following:

a. Are the 20 patients mentioned above population or sample?


b. Is the 2⁰C decrease in the body temperature considered
parameter or statistic?
Example 2: The average score of the whole class of Grade 11 –
GAS from their first performance task in General Mathematics
is 28.2 having 30 points as the total score.

Answer the following:

a. Is the “whole class” stated population or sample?


b. Is the 28.2 average score considered parameter or statistic?
Example 3: 47 out of the 100 athletes were checked on their
height. The variance of their height is 3.4cm.

Answer the following:

a. Are the 47 students a population or sample?


b. Is the 3.4cm variance considered parameter or statistic?
4 TYPES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Sampling
Simple random sampling requires using randomly generated numbers
to choose a sample. More specifically, it initially requires a sampling
frame, a list or database of all members of a population. You can then
randomly generate a number for each element, using Excel for example,
and take the first n samples that you require.
2. Stratified Random Sampling
Stratified random sampling starts off by dividing a population
into groups with similar attributes. Then a random sample is
taken from each group.
3. Cluster Random Sampling
Cluster sampling starts by dividing a population into groups,
or clusters. What makes this different that stratified sampling is
that each cluster must be representative of the population. Then,
you randomly selecting entire clusters to sample.
4. Systematic Random Sampling
Systematic random sampling is a very common technique in
which you sample every k’th element. For example, if you were
conducting surveys at a mall, you might survey every 100th
person that walks in.
A parameter is a measure that describes a population.
Parameters are usually denoted by Greek letters like 𝜇, 𝜎. On the
other hand, statistic is a measure that describes a sample.
Statistic is usually denoted by Roman letters x, s. A parameter is
a numerical measurement describing some characteristics of a
population. A statistic is a numerical measurement describing
some characteristics of a sample.
Parameter
Example of parameters:
1. Population mean (𝜇)
2. Population variance (𝜎2)
3. Population standard deviation (𝜎)
The population mean is the mean of the entire population.
Σ𝑥
It is computed using the formula: 𝜇 = 𝑁
where,
𝜇 = population mean
x = given data
N = population size / number of case
Example 1: The numbers of teachers in 6 departments
of a certain high school are 18, 16, 14, 15, 19, and 20.
Find the population mean.
Answer : 𝜇 = 17

Population Variance and Population Standard Deviation


Population variance and standard deviation are widely used measures
of dispersion of data in research. The population variance 𝜎2 is the sum
of the squared deviations of each datum from the population mean
divided by the population size. The population standard deviation is the
square root of the population variance.
Example 2: The ages of 9 English teachers in a certain public school are
30, 34, 32, 38, 26, 36, 44, 31, and 35.

Compute the following:


a. Population variance
b. Population standard deviation
Solution:

a. 𝜎2 = 23.78
b. 𝜎 = 4.88
Statistic
Examples of statistic:
1. Sample mean (𝑥)
2. Sample variance (s2)
3. Sample standard deviation (s)
The sample mean (𝑥) is the average of all the values
Σ𝑥
randomly selected from the population. That is, 𝑥 = 𝑛
where,
x = values
n = sample size
Example 3: The ages of 9 English teachers in a certain public
school are 30, 34, 32, 38, 26, 36, 44, 31, and 35. Assume that
the researcher randomly selected only 5 out of 9 English
teachers. Compute the sample mean.
Solution:
Σ𝑥
𝑥= 𝑛

Σ174
𝑥= 5

𝒙 = 34.8
Sample Variance and Sample Standard Deviation
The sample variance (𝑠2) is the sum of the squared deviation
of each data from the sample mean 𝑥 divided by 𝑛 − 1:

The sample standard deviation is the square root of the


sample variance.
Example 4: Calculate the sample variance and sample
standard deviation of the 5 randomly selected data in
Example 3.
Solution:

26.8 26.8
s2 = = = 𝟔. 𝟕
5−1 4

26.8 26.8
s= = = 6.7 = 2.5884 = 2.59
5−1 4

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