Scribd
Upload
34 views15 pages

3.8 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

The document discusses the graphs of sine and cosine functions. It provides properties of each function such as domain, range, and period. It also describes how to graph different variations of sine and cosine functions by identifying amplitude, period, and key points.

Uploaded by

Rowly Pearl Nedic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views15 pages

3.8 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

The document discusses the graphs of sine and cosine functions. It provides properties of each function such as domain, range, and period. It also describes how to graph different variations of sine and cosine functions by identifying amplitude, period, and key points.

Uploaded by

Rowly Pearl Nedic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Graphs of

Trigonometric
Functions
SINE FUNCTION
The graph of sine function is known
as the sine curve. In the following
figure, the darkened portion of the
graph represents one period of the
function and is called one cycle of
the sine curve. The undarkened
portion of the graph indicates that
the basic sine wave repeats
indefinitely in both directions.
PROPERTIES OF SINE FUNCTION

1. The domain is the set of all real numbers. The graph extends
indefinitely to the left and to the right.
2. The range is {-1 £ y £ 1}. The graph never rises above 1 or
falls below -1.
3. The period is 2p. The pattern repeats in every interval of
length 2p.
4. The function is odd. That is, sin(-x) = -sin x. The graph is
symmetric with respect to the origin.
GRAPHING THE SINE FUNCTION
To graph 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑘𝑥 , it is helpful to note five key points. One
complete cycle of the sine curve includes three x-intercepts, one
maximum point, and one minimum point.
The amplitude of a sine function is the vertical distance from the
maximum point to the center line. It is also the vertical distance
from the minimum point to the center line. To solve for the
amplitude, find 𝑎 .
GRAPHING THE SINE FUNCTION
The period of a sine function refers to one complete cycle of the
!"
graph. To solve for the period of a sine function, find .
#

Steps in Graphing the Sine Function:


1. Identify the amplitude and period.
2. Find the five key points.
3. Connect the five key points with a smooth curve and graph one
complete cycle of the given function.
4. Extend the graph in step 3 to the left or right as desired.
Example 1: Graph 𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Solution:
!"
Amplitude = 𝑎 Period =
#
= −2 !"
=
=2 $
= 2𝜋

𝑥 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋
𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 −2 0 2 0
𝑥 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋
𝑦 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 −2 0 2 0

!"
Maximum Point: #
,2 Centerline: 𝑦 = 0
Minimum Point: "
, −2 Pattern: 0-min-0-max-0
#
$
Example 2: Graph 𝑦 = 3 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 # 𝑥
Solution:
!"
Amplitude = 𝑎 Period =
#
= 5 =
!"
=5 $/!
= 4𝜋

𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋
1
𝑦 = 3 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 3 8 3 −2 3
2
𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋
1
𝑦 = 3 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 3 8 3 −2 3
2

Maximum Point: 𝜋, 8
Minimum Point: 3𝜋, −2
Centerline: 𝑦 = 3
Pattern: 3-max-3-min-3
COSINE FUNCTION
The graph of cosine function is
known as the cosine curve. Just
like the sine function, the darkened
portion of the adjacent graph
represents one period of the
function and the undarkened
portion of the graph indicates that
the basic cosine wave repeats
indefinitely in both directions.
PROPERTIES OF COSINE FUNCTION

1. The domain is the set of all real numbers. The graph extends
indefinitely to the left and to the right.
2. The range is {-1 £ y £ 1}. The graph never rises above 1 or
falls below -1.
3. The period is 2p. The pattern repeats in every interval of
length 2p.
4. The function is even. That is, cos (x) = cos (-x). The graph is
symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
Example 1: Graph 𝑦 = −3cos(−𝑥)
Solution:
!"
Amplitude = 𝑎 Period =
#
= −3 !"
=
=3 &$
= −2𝜋

𝑥 −2𝜋 −3𝜋/2 −𝜋 −𝜋/2 0


𝑦 = −3cos(−𝑥) −3 0 3 0 −3
𝑥 −2𝜋 −3𝜋/2 −𝜋 −𝜋/2 0
𝑦 = −3cos(−𝑥) −3 0 3 0 −3

Maximum Point: −𝜋, 3


Minimum Points:
−2𝜋, −3 , 0, −3
Centerline: 𝑦 = 0
Pattern: min-0-max-0-
min
$
Example 2: Graph 𝑦 = 2cos(! 𝑥)
Solution:
!"
Amplitude = 𝑎 Period =
#
= 2 =
!"
=2 $/'
= 6𝜋

𝑥 0 3𝜋/2 3𝜋 9𝜋/2 6𝜋
1
𝑦 = 2cos 𝑥 2 0 −2 0 2
3
𝑥 0 3𝜋/2 3𝜋 9𝜋/2 6𝜋
1
𝑦 = 2cos( 𝑥) 2 0 −2 0 2
3
Maximum Points:
0,2 , 6𝜋, 2
Minimum Point: 3𝜋, −2
Centerline: 𝑦 = 0
Pattern: max-0-min-0-
max

You might also like