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Unit 4 PV Design and Estimation

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52 views

Unit 4 PV Design and Estimation

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mechanical.designz9
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SOLAR PV SYSTEM DESIGN

A solar PV system design can be done in four steps:


 Load estimation
 Estimation of number of PV panels
 Estimation of battery bank
 Cost estimation of the system.
 Base condition:2 CFLs(18 watts each),2 fans (60 watts each) for 6hrs a day.

 The total energy requirement of the system (total load) i.e Total connected load to PV panel
system
= No. of units × rating of equipment = 2 × 18 + 2 × 60 = 156 watts

 Total watt-hours rating of the system


= Total connected load (watts) × Operating hours = 156 × 6 = 936 watt-hours

 Actual power output of a PV panel = Peak power rating × operating factor


= 40 × 0.75 = 30 watt

 The power used at the end use is less (due to lower combined efficiency of the system
= Actual power output of a panel × combined efficiency
= 30 × 0.81 = 24.3 watts (VA)
= 24.3 watts

 Energy produced by one 40 Wp panel in a day


= Actual power output × 8 hours/day (peak equivalent)
= 24.3 × 8 = 194.4 watts-hour

 Number of solar panels required to satisfy given estimated daily load :


= (Total watt-hour rating (daily load)/(Daily energy produced by a panel)
=936/194.4 = 4.81 = 5 (round figure)

 Inverter size is to be calculated as :


 Total connected load to PV panel system = 156 watts
 Inverter are available with rating of 100, 200, 500 VA, etc.
 Therefore, the choice of the inverter should be 200 VA.

COST ESTIMATION OF A PV SYSTEM

(a) Cost of arrays = No. of PV modules × Cost/Module


= 5 × 8000 (for a 40 Wp panel @ Rs.200/Wp) = Rs.40000

(b) Cost of batteries = No. of Batteries × Cost/Module


=1 × 7500= Rs.7500
(c) Cost of Inverter = No. of inverters × Cost/Inverter = 1 × 5000
= 1 × 5000 = Rs.5000
Total cost of system = A + B + C = 40000 + 7500 + 5000 = Rs.52500
[Additional cost of wiring may be taken as 5% of total system cost]

ASSUMPTIONS TAKEN FOR DESIGN


:
 Inverter converts DC into AC power with efficiency of about 90%.

 Battery voltage used for operation = 12 volts

 The combined efficiency of inverter and battery will be calculated as :


combined efficiency = inverter efficiency × battery efficiency = 0.9 × 0.9 = 0.81 = 81%

 Sunlight available in a day = 8 hours/day (equivalent of peak radiation.

 Operation of lights and fan = 6 hours/day of PV panels.

 PV panel power rating = 40 Wp (Wp, meaning, watt (peak), gives only peak power
output of a PV panel)

 A factor called „ operating factor‟ is used to estimate the actual output from a PV module.
[The operating factor between 0.60 and 0.90 (implying the output power is 60 to 80%
lower than rated output power) in normal operating conditions, depending on
temperature, dust on module, etc.]

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