4/13/24, 4:59 PM MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION - ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

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MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

in Engineering Materials

In our previous topics, we have seen some important concepts such as Concepts of direct and bending stresses,
bending stress in beams, basic concept of shear force and bending moment, strain energy stored in body, beam SEARCH THE TOPIC HERE

bending equation, bending stress of composite beam, shear stress distribution diagram for various sections etc.

Now we will be concentrated here a very important topic i.e. Middle third rule for rectangular section with the help of
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Cement concrete columns are weak under tensile load and therefore we must be sure that there should not be any
tensile load anywhere in the section and hence load must be applied in such a way that there will be no tensile stress Subscribe
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developed in the section of cement concrete columns.

As we have discussed that when a body will be subjected with an axial tensile or axial compressive load, there will be
produced only direct stress in the body. Similarly, when a body will be subjected to a bending moment there will be
produced only bending stress in the body.

Now let us think that a body is subjected to axial tensile or compressive loads and also to bending moments, in this
situation there will be produced direct stress and bending stress in the body.

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4/13/24, 4:59 PM MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION - ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

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If a column will be subjected with an eccentric load then there will be developed direct stresses and bending stresses
too in the column and we will determine the resultant stress developed at any point in the column by adding direct and
bending stresses algebraically.
Principle used

We will consider here compressive stress as positive and tensile stress as negative and we will have the value of
resultant stress at any point in the column section. There will be maximum stress and minimum stress in the section of
column as mentioned here.

σMax = Direct stress + Bending stress

σMax = σd + σb

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σMin = Direct stress - Bending stress
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σMin = σd - σb
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···
If minimum stress σMin = 0, it indicates that there will be no stress at the respective point in the section

If minimum stress σMin = Negative, it indicates that there will be tensile stress at the respective point in the section

If minimum stress σMin = Positive, it indicates that there will be compressive stress at the respective point in the
section
Let us come to the main subject that is Middle third rule for rectangular section

Let us consider a rectangular section of area A and of width b and Depth d as displayed in following figure. Let us
consider that an eccentric load P is acting over the rectangular section with eccentricity e with respect to axis YY. COLLABORATIONS

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Collaboration

Minimum stress at any point in the section will be given by following formula as mentioned here

As we have seen above the various conditions of minimum stress values and their importance and therefore we can
easily say that minimum stress (σMin) must be greater or equal to zero for no tensile stress at any point along the width
of the column.

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4/13/24, 4:59 PM MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION - ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Let us analyze the above equation and we will conclude that in order to not develop any tensile stress at any point in
the section along the width of the column, eccentricity of the load must be less than or equal to (b/6) with respect to
axis YY.

Therefore we can say that if load will be applied with an eccentricity equal to or less than b/6 from the axis YY and on
any side of the axis YY then there will not be any tensile stress developed in the column.

Hence range within which load could be applied without developing any tensile stress at any point of the section along
the width of the column will be b/3 or middle third of the base.

Similarly in order to not develop any tensile stress at any point in the section along the depth of the column,
eccentricity of the load must be less than or equal to (d/6) with respect to axis XX.

···

Therefore we can say that if load will be applied with an eccentricity equal to or less than d/6 from the axis XX and on
any side of the axis XX then there will not be any tensile stress developed in the column.

Hence range within which load could be applied without developing any tensile stress at any point of the section along
the depth of the column will be d/3 or middle third of the depth.

Now let us consider that load is eccentric with respect to axis XX and axis YY both, in this situation load must be
applied anywhere within the rhombus ABCD whose diagonals AC = b/3 and BD= d/3 in order to not develop any
tensile stress at any point in the column.

Area ABCD within which load could be applied without developing any tensile stress at any point of the section will
be termed as Kernel of the section.

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4/13/24, 4:59 PM MIDDLE THIRD RULE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION - ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

We will discuss Middle quarter rule for circular section in our next post.

Please comment your feedback and suggestions in comment box provided at the end of this post.
Reference:

Strength of material, By R. K. Bansal

Image Courtesy: Google

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Derivation of flexural formula or bending equation

Assumptions made in the theory of simple bending
Shaft alignment procedure
Objective of total productive maintenance
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Shaft alignment terminology
Pressure angle in gears
Gearbox inspection procedure

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