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47 views7 pages

Answers Questions

Uploaded by

HASEEB SULMAN
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 How will studying assembly language enhance your

understanding of operating systems?


Assembly language is a good tool for learning how application
programs communicate with the computer's operating system via
interrupt handlers, system calls, and common memory areas.
Assembly language programming also helps when learning how the
operating system loads and executes application programs.

 What is meant by a one-to-many relationship when


comparing a high-level language to machine language?
In a one-to-many relationship, a single statement expands into
multiple assembly language or machine instructions. Explain the
concept of portability as it applies to programming languages.

 Explain the concept of portability as it applies to


programming languages?
Software portability is a characteristic attributed to a computer
program if it can run with minimal rework on operating systems
(OSes) other than the one for which it was created.

 Name two types of applications that would be better


suited to assembly language than a high-level language?
Applications suited to assembly language: hardware device
drivers and embedded systems and computer games requiring
direct hardware access. A high-level language may not provide
for direct hardware access.

 Why is assembly language not usually used when writing


large application programs?
Assembly language has minimal formal structure so structure
must be imposed by programmers who have varying levels of
experience. This leads to difficulties maintain existing code.

 In your own words, describe the virtual machine


concept?
A virtual machine (VM) is a digital version of a physical
computer. Virtual machine software can run programs and
operating systems, store data, connect to networks, and do other
computing functions, and requires maintenance such as updates
and system monitoring.

 Why don’t programmers write application programs in


machine language?
It is very detailed and consists purely of numbers. Very difficult
for humans to understand.

 (True/False): When an interpreted program written


in language L1 runs, each of its instructions is
decoded and executed by a program written in
language L0.
True.

 Explain the technique of translation when dealing


with languages at different virtual machine levels?
An entire L1 program is converted into an L0 program by an L0
program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the
resulting L0 program is executed directly on the computer
hardware.
 What software permits compiled Java programs
to run on almost any computer?
The Java virtual machine (JVM) allows compiled Java programs to run
on almost any computer.

 Name the four virtual machine levels from lowest


to highest?
Digital logic, instruction set architecture, assembly language, high-
level language.

 Explain the term Least Significant Bit (LSB)?


In a binary number, the LSB is the least weighted bit in the
number. Typically, binary numbers are written with the MSB in
the left-most position; the LSB is the furthest-right bit.

 Explain the term Most Significant Bit (MSB)?


The most significant bit (MSB) is the bit in a multiple-bit binary
number with the largest value. This is usually the bit farthest to
the left, or the bit transmitted first in a sequence. For example, in
the binary number 1000, the MSB is 1, and in the binary number
0111, the MSB is 0.

 What are the x86 processor’s three basic modes


of operation?
These processors have three modes of operation that are
primarily used: protected mode, real-address mode, as well as a
system management mode.
 Name all eight 32-bit general-purpose registers?
The x86 CPU has eight general purpose registers: eax , ebx ,
ecx , edx , esp , ebp , esi , and edi . These registers are 32 bits
(4 bytes) in size.

 Name all six segment registers?


The segment registers CS, DS, SS, ES, FS, and GS are used to
identify these six current segments.

 What special purpose does the ECX register


serve?
Extended Counter Register used for loop counting.

 Which flag is set when the result of an unsigned


arithmetic operation is too large to fit into the
destination?
The carry flag (CF) is set when the result of an unsigned
arithmetic operation is too large to fit into the destination.

 Which flag is set when the result of a signed


arithmetic operation is either too large or too
small to fit into the destination?
The overflow flag (OF) is set when the result of a signed
arithmetic operation is too large or too small to fit into the
destination.
 Which flag is set when an arithmetic or logical
operation generates a negative result?
The sign flag (SF) is set when the result of an arithmetic or
logical operation generates a negative result.

 Which Intel processor first used MMX


technology?
SANTA CLARA, CALIF. – Jan. 8, 1997 -- Intel Corporation today
introduced the Pentium® processor with MMX™ technology, the
first microprocessor to incorporate Intel's new technology for
improved performance on media-rich applications.

 (Yes/No): Is A5h a valid hexadecimal literal?


NO.

 (Yes/No): Must string literals be enclosed in single


quotes?
String literals can be enclosed by either double or single quotes,
although single quotes are more commonly used.

 Reserved words can be instruction mnemonics,


attributes, operators, predefined symbols, and
__________.
Reserved words can be instruction mnemonics, attributes,
operators, predefined symbols, and directives.

 What is the maximum length of an identifier?


An identifier can have a maximum length of 79 characters in
Python.

 What are the names of the two segments in the


AddTwo program?
Code and data.

 In the AddTwo program, which register holds the


sum?
EAX.

 Which operating system component reads and


executes programs?
the CPU: The OS must decide which programs are executed by the
CPU and for how much time.

 What types of files are produced by the linker?


The linker takes object files, links them with each other and with any
library files that you specify, and produces an executable output file.

 How will studying assembly language enhance


your understanding of operating systems?
Assembly language is a good tool for learning how application
programs communicate with the computer's operating system via
interrupt handlers, system calls, and common memory areas.
Assembly language programming also helps when learning how
the operating system loads and executes application programs.

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