DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

Crafted for Demonstration Teaching

Pre-service Teacher : Kingdon Van C. Laggui Grade Level : Grade 9

Cooperating Teacher : Frazcel P. Serna Learning Area : Science
School : Lal-lo National High School Date : 04-12-24
Quarter : Fourth Index of Mastery :

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard : The type of bonds that carbon forms that result in the
diversity of carbon compounds

B. Performance Standard : Analyze the percentage composition of different brands

of two food products and decide on the products’
appropriate percentage composition

C. Learning Competency : Recognize the general classes and uses of organic

compounds; S9MT-iih 18

D. Learning Objectives

After undergoing varied activities within a 55-minute demonstration teaching, the Grade 9 students
of Lal-lo National High School, with at least an 80 percent index of mastery, must be able to:

i identify the structural characteristics of alkane, alkene, and alkyne hydrocarbons.

ii differentiate between alkane, alkene, and alkyne molecules based on their molecular
formula and connectivity of carbon atoms.
iii explore the nomenclature of hydrocarbons using the IUPAC rules and systematic naming
conventions for complex hydrocarbon molecules.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic : Hydrocarbons
B. Method : Inductive, Collaborative, Concept Attainment
C. Materials : Digital Light Projector with screen/TV Screen, Power
Point presentation,
D. Reference : Science Book 9
E. Values : Cooperation, Trust, Unity and Respect

III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

Methodology Teacher’s Activities Learners’ Activities
A. Everyday Routine
A.1. Good morning class!
Greetings
 A.2. Prayer May we all stand and feel the presence of
God!

Kindly lead the prayer.

Amen!

Before you sit down, kindly pick up all

the litter under your chairs.

Alright, everyone, please take your seats

now!

A.3. Okay, secretary of the class please take

Checking note of those students who are excused
of and absent, and give it to me after our
Attendance class discussion.

A.4.
Priming
Activity We can now proceed to our next topic.

B. Engage
Do you know how to play ‘Snake and
Ladder’?
Yes, Sir!

I will be grouping you into four groups,

each with ten members. The first group
shall be named 'carbon', the second group
'alkane', the third group 'alkene', and the
fourth group 'alkyne'.

In this game, your groups will compete

with the other group. Your goal is to finish
it within our discussion's time frame. If
neither group is able to finish the game
within the time period, the winner is
determined by the highest points.
 The mechanics are such that if a group
answers correctly during recitation, the
group is eligible to roll the dice. This
implies that recitation is done by group.

One member from each group may

attempt to roll the dice.

Here are the total points and their

corresponding ranges:

When you reach the tile of:

46-50 (50 Points)
41-45 (45 Points)
36-40 (40 Points)
31-35 (35 Points)
25-30 (30 Points)

Is it clear, class?

Yes, Sir!

C. EXPLORE

Our activity is called 'WORD UP'

Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters

to form the term that being described in
each statement.

1. Carbon-based compounds
GONFCAI

2. Molecules that contain only carbon

and hydrogen.
ROADCRSNHOYB

3. The backbone of organic chemistry,

crucial for the formation of countless
compounds essential for life
ONBARC

4. Hydrocarbons with triple bonds

between carbon atoms.
LANEKY

5. Characterized by single bonds

between carbon atoms, commonly
found in natural gas and petroleum.
ALAEKN
 6. Hydrocarbons that contain only single
carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-
hydrogen bonds
EUADSTRTA

7. Hydrocarbons with at least one

carbon-carbon multiple bond.
AEASUDUTNRT

8. Unsaturated hydrocarbons featuring at

least one double bond between carbon
atoms.
NEKAEL

Possible answers:

WORD UP
 ORGANIC
 HYDROCARBON
 CARBON
 ALKYNE
 ALKANE
 SATURATED
 ALKENE
 UNSATURATED

D. Explain

Let’s start our discussion!

What is hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is any chemical compound
consisting entirely of hydrogen (H) and
carbon (C) atoms Each hydrocarbon
molecule consists of a carbon backbone
with hydrogen atoms attached to that
backbone.
Depending on the properties, hydrocarbons
are divided into two groups: aliphatic
hydrocarbons (open chain compounds) and
cyclic hydrocarbons (closed chain
compounds).

Example:

In this figure, what group does it belong?

 Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Sir!

Why do you say so it is aliphatic

hydrocarbons (open chain compound)?

Propane is straight chain and it does not

connect to its end to end of the carbon.
Very good!

How about this figure?

Cyclic hydrocarbon, Sir!

Why do you say so?

Cyclopropane it is closed chain

compounds.

Excellent!

In this lesson we will be focusing on

aliphatic hydrocarbons (open chain
compounds).

Here is diagram of the hydrocarbons.

If there is a single bond between carbon

atoms, it is called saturated; however, it is
called unsaturated if there is double or
triple bond between the carbon atoms.
Saturated Carbons: Alkanes
Unsaturated Carbons: Alkenes and
Alkynes
 Alkanes: Each carbon atom is bonded to
four other atoms, usually a hydrogen,
through a single covalent bond.

Alkenes and Alkynes: Carbon atoms

contain either double or triple bonds. Since
the compound is unsaturated with respect
to hydrogen atoms, the extra electrons are
shared between two carbon atoms to form
the double or triple bonds.

Alkanes: Single bond (Known as

PARAFFINS)

Alkenes: Double bond (Known as

OLEFINS)

Alkynes: Triple bond (Known as

ACETYLENES)

The term hydrocarbons mean organic

compounds which contain only carbon
and hydrogen atom. A single carbon atom
can bond to four hydrogen atoms; can
bond to another carbon in addition to
hydrogen, or can bond to form long
chains or branched chains. In fact, carbon
can form limitless different structures

The different types of hydrocarbons

include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and
aromatic hydrocarbon. Their structural
difference depends on the presence of
double or triple bonds between carbon
atoms. Let us take them one by one.
Let’s have a short activity,

Could you differentiate and describe the

given compounds?

Ethane has only a single bond and consists

of two carbon atoms and six hydrogen
atoms.

Ethene has a double bond, with the same

number of carbon atoms as ethane, but the
number of hydrogen atoms is reduced to
four.

Ethyne has triple bonds, also with two

carbon atoms, and the number of hydrogen
atoms is significantly reduced to a total of
two

Excellent!

Before we define the three types of

aliphatic hydrocarbons, let's first examine
their different structural formulas, also
known as 'isomers'.

Molecular formula

Expanded structural formula

Condensed structural formula

Carbon skeletal form

Line form

Alkanes

These are the simplest hydrocarbon which

contain a single bond of carbon-carbon.
They have a general formula of CnH2n+2
The simplest alkane is methane, with a
chemical formula Methane is a constituent
of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), the
fuel we use for cooking. It reacts with
oxygen to undergo combustion which, in
turn, produces carbon dioxide and water.

Alkane Compounds

These figures depict the alkane

compounds. Now, let's proceed with
naming alkanes.
 Naming Alkanes.

The IUPAC (International Union of Pure

and Applied Chemistry) system is used for
the naming of organic compounds. As a
general rule, the name should end with the
last syllable of the family or group where it
belongs. All alkanes will, therefore, end in
"ane," alkenes with "ene," alkyne with
"yne," and so on. So the six-carbon alkane
and the nine-carbon alkane are named as
hexane and nonane, respectively.

Straight chain alkanes take the suffix

"ane" and the prefix depending on the
number of carbon atoms in the chain.

Meanwhile, for branched alkane, you need

to consider the longest continuous chain
(parent chain) of carbon in the structure
and the alkyl group. An alkyl group is
basically an alkane minus one of its
hydrogen atoms

Is it clear, class?
Yes, Sir

Let’s have an example.

1. Locate the parent chain or the longest

continuous chain of carbon.

2. Number the carbon atoms of the parent

chain starting from whichever end of the
chain gives the location of the first
branch.
3. The branch is closer to the left end, so
start numbering from left to right.

4 Name the parent chain. Since it has 5

carbon atoms; therefore, it is a pentane.

5. Name the alkyl group attached to the

branch. The branch CH3 on the third
carbon is named methyl.

6. Attach the name of the alkyl group as a

prefix of the parent chain.

methyl + pentane = methylpentane

7. Place the location number of the alkyl

group in front of the resulting name.

Since it is on the third carbon, the name of

the branched-alkane would be
3-methylpentane.

Note that the hyphen is used to separate

the number from the word. In cases where
two alkyl groups are attached to the parent
chain, name each and locate each with a
number.

The alkyl names are assembled in

alphabetical order. Again, use a hyphen to
separate the number from the words.

What if it has two identical alkyl groups?

Let's consider another example.

Note that if the branched compound has

2-3 alkyl groups, we use prefixes: di- (2),
tri- (3), tetra- (4), penta- (5), and so on.

Is it clear, class?

What is the name of this branched

compound?

3,3-dimetylpentane
Nice!

Let’s proceed to the second class of

hydrocarbon: Alkenes

The second class of hydrocarbons is the

alkenes, also known as olefins. They are
the unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or
more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Open chain alkenes have the general
formula CnH2n’, where n equals the number
of carbon atoms. Because alkenes are
double-bonded, they have two fewer
hydrogen atoms than alkanes. The most
familiar alkenes are ethene and propene.
For example:

Observe these two formulas of ethene,

which contains a double bond.

Okay next slide, kindly read.

Naming of Alkenes

To name alkenes, the rules used in naming

alkanes will be applied. However, the
parent chain must include the double bond
even if it takes it shorter than the others.
Again, numbering of the parent chain starts
from whichever end gives the double-
bonded carbon. The location number
should be given as to where the double
bond is.

Let us take this one as an example:

There are (5) five carbon atoms in the

chain which denote pentane. The double
bond is located on the right end of the
chain and the location number is on the
first carbon. Thus, the name of the alkene
will be 1-pentene.

Let’s have another example of branched-

alkene.

Applying the rules. the following will be

named as 5-methyl-2-heptene.

In cases where an alkene has two or more

double bonds, the prefixes di, tri, tetra,
penta, and so on are used as part of the
parent name.
For example:

What will be the name of this alkene

compound?

1,4-hexadiene, Sir!
Is it clear, class?

Yes, Sir!
Let’s proceed to the Alkynes.
Kindly read the slide.

The third class of hydrocarbons is alkynes.

Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons
just like alkene due to the presence of at
least one triple bond between carbon
atoms. Open chain alkynes have the
general formula CnH2n-2, where n equals the
number of carbon atoms.
Example:

Ethyne is the simplest alkyne.

 The rule in naming alkynes is the same as
those in alkanes and alkenes but should
end with the suffix "yne".

Here are some examples of alkynes:

HC≡CCH₂CH₂CH3
1-pentyne

CH₃CH2(CH₃)C≡CCH₂CH3
2-methyl-3-hexyne

CH₃CH2C≡CCH2CH2CH2C≡C
1,6-nonadiyne

Is it clear, class?

Yes, Sir!
E. Elaborate
For your last activity.
Do this!

With the given hydrocarbon compounds,

give its expanded structural formula or the
condensed structural formula (any of the
two structural formula) of:
 3-ethyl-6-dimethyloctane
 3-dimethyl-1,4-heptadiene
 3,5-diethyl-6-metyl-1,7-nonadiyne

(Students will accomplish the task.)

IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the questions carefully presented in the following items.

1. Hydrocarbon belonging to the alkane family.

a) Ethylene
b) Ethyne
c) Ethane
d) Propene

2. General formula for alkanes?

a) CnH2n
b) CnH2n+2
c) CnH2n-2
d) CnH2n-1
3. Hydrocarbon that is an alkene.
a) Butane
b) Butene
c) Butyne
d) Pentane

4. Type of bond present in alkynes?

a) Single bond
b) Double bond
c) Triple bond
d) Quadruple bond

5. Hydrocarbon with the highest number of carbon-carbon double bonds?

a) Alkane
b) Alkene
c) Alkyne
d) Cycloalkane

6. Suffix for hydrocarbons with triple bonds?

a) -ane
b) -ene
c) -yne
d) -yl

7. Which type of hydrocarbon is saturated?

a) Alkene
b) Alkyne
c) Alkane
d) Cycloalkane

8. Which of the following hydrocarbons is characterized by a double bond?

a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Ethylene
d) Propyne

9. General formula for alkynes?

a) CnH2n
b) CnH2n+2
c) CnH2n-2
d) CnH2n-1

10. Hydrocarbon with the highest number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom?
a) Alkane
b) Alkene
c) Alkyne
d) Aromatic hydrocarbon
V. EXTENDED TASK

Task: Investigate the Use of Hydrocarbons in Everyday Life

Description: Research and compile a list of common products or activities in which hydrocarbons are
used. Explain the role of hydrocarbons in each case and discuss any potential environmental or health
impacts associated with their use.
 Conduct research online or in library resources to identify various products or activities that involve
the use of hydrocarbons.
 For each product or activity identified, determine the specific hydrocarbon compounds involved and
their role (e.g., as fuel, raw material for manufacturing, solvent, etc.).
 Explore any potential environmental or health implications associated with the use of hydrocarbons
in each case. Consider factors such as air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and human
health effects.