Linear Algebra and its applications 2021

UE19MA251

Unit II: Vector Spaces

1. Define column space and Null space of the matrix with example
2. Explain the special solution of the system of linear equations.
3. Describe ( geometrically ) the column space and null space of the following
matrices:

 1 1 0  0 1 
i)  0 , ii)  0 1, iii)   , iv) 1 2 
 0 1 1  
Ans: i) C(A)= z , N(A) = R1 ; ii) C(A)= R1 , N(A) = line in R2
iii) C(A)= R2 , N(A) = line in R3 iv) C(A)= R2 , N(A) = z in R2
4. Write all the subspaces of R3

1 0 
5.

Find the column space and null space of A  2 7
 .
 
5 3 
Give an example of a matrix whose column space is the same as that of A but
null space is different.
Answer: C (A) is a 2d plane in R3 and N(A) is the origin in R2. The matrix

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1 0 1 
A  2 7 9 has C(A) but its N(A) is a line in R3 passing
 
5 3 8 
through ( 1, 1, -1 )

6. For which vectors b   b1 , b2 , b3  does the following system Ax  b

have a solution?

1 1 1  1 1 1 
i) A  0 2 2  ii) A  0 2 2 
   
0 0 3  0 0 0 
 1 2 3  1 2 
iii) A 2 4 6 iv) A 2 5 
   
 1  2  3  1  2 
Answers: i) all b ii) b3=0 iii) b2=2b1 iv) b3=-b1
7. Decide the dependence or independence of the vectors
i) (1,3,2), (2,1,3), (3,2,1)
ii) (4,2,2), (2,4,2), (4,8,2)
iii) (0,0,0), (1,2,5), (-1,2,3)

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Ans: i) dependent ii) independent iii) dependent

8. If v1 , v2 , v3 are linearly independent, determine whether the vectors

v1  v2 , v2  v3 , v3  v1 are linearly independent of dependent.

9. Reduce the following matrices to row echelon form and then reduced row
echelon form.

1 2 3 4  1 1 1
i) A  6 13 20 27  ii) A  1 2 2 
   
9 26 43 62  1 2 3 
10.Choose the number q so that ( if possible ) the ranks are (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3

 6 4 2
 3 1 3
i) A   3  2  1 ii) A 
   q 2 q
 9 6 q 
Ans: For A, q = 3 gives rank 1 and every other q gives rank 2. For B , q = 6
gives rank 1 and every other q gives rank 2.

11.Define span of a set with example

12. Define Basis with example.

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1 1 1
13.Find the row space and left null space of the matrix A  1 1 1
 
 2 2 2 
Ans: Row Space: (1, 1, 1); Left null space: (-1, 1, 0), (-2, 0, 1)

14.Find the four fundamental subspaces, their dimensions and bases given

 1 1 2  2  3 
 2 0 0 1 2
A 
 0 3 1 1 6 
 1  2  3 3 9 
 
Ans: Answer : Basis for C(A) is columns 1, 2, 3 ; Basis for C(AT ) is rows 1, 2,
3 Basis for N(A) is { ( 7, 1, 0, 3, 0 ) , ( -8, -5, -3, 0, 3 ) } ; N(AT ) = { c ( 1, 0, 1, 1)}

15. Obtain the four fundamental subspaces of

 1 1 2 01
 1 1 2  3 1
A 
 2 2 1 0 1
 0 0 1 1 1 


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Ans: Column space :( 1, 2, 3, 4); Row space: all the four rows;
Null space: (0, -1, -1, 0, 1) ; Left Null space : z
16. Construct a matrix whose column space contains the vectors (1,1,5),
(0,3,1) whose null space contains (1, 1, 2)

 1 0  1/ 2 
Ans: A 1 3 2 
 
 5 1  3 

17. Find a left or right inverse for the following matrices

1 0 
1 1 1
i) A  1 1  ii) A 
  0 1 1
0 1 
 2 / 3  1/ 3
 2 / 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
Ans: i) A  ii) A   1/ 3 1/ 3 
 1/ 3 1/ 3 2 / 3  
 1/ 3 2 / 3 

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