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Size distribution of Anchovy caught by “purse seine waring” in Semarang

and Demak waters - Central Java
To cite this article: N Pebruwanti and I Fitrani 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 718 012095

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

Size distribution of Anchovy caught by “purse seine waring” in

Semarang and Demak waters - Central Java

N Pebruwanti1,2 and I Fitrani1

1
Fishing Technique Development Center, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
2
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Anchovies (Stolephorus sp) is one of the pelagic fish resources which has economic
value and abundant in Indonesia waters. The fishing gear to be used to catch Anchovies is the
waring purse seine. Demak is one of the fishing base of the waring purse seine in Central Java.
This study aims to analyze the relationship between length-weight, the frequency distribution of
anchovy length in Semarang, and Demak waters. This research used an explorative survey method,
while the measuring method of fish samples was purposive sampling. Data for Anchovy were
obtained in May and October 2018. The correlation between the length-weight of Anchovy in May
obtained a value of b=2.759. The longest Anchovy (May) measuring 76.69 mm, weighing 8.8 g,
while the shortest size was 34.17 mm, weighing 1.97 g and mode at the mean value of 58.50 mm.
The correlation between Anchovy length-weight (October) obtained a value of b =2.126. While the
longest Anchovy measures 94.06 mm, weighing of 5.94 g, and the smallest size was 43.68 mm,
weighing of 1.44 g while the mode was 65.30 mm in the mean. The catch of Anchovy in October
was more feasible to catch than in May.

1. Introduction
Anchovy resources are resources that have economic value with abundant potential in the waters of the
Javanese coast. One of the fishing gear used to catch anchovies is the waring purse seine or better known
as “puring or bolga” (local name). The puring fleet has grown in almost all of the Java coast. One of the
centers for puring fishing is Morodemak - Demak. The activity of catching Anchovy fishermen in
Morodemak has been using the operation pattern of one day fishing. The number of puring fleets from
year to year has increased in number, with operational trips still nearly all year round. In the context of
managing the utilization of Anchovy resources, it is necessary to study biological aspects including the
study of the relationship between length and weight and size distribution of Anchovy.
The purpose of this study is the distribution of length and weight of Anchovies and their relationship.
The length-weight relationship describes the relationship between the dynamics of the Anchovy
population, the growth patterns of fish stocks, the development of gonads and the general condition of the
fish, the comparison of body shapes of different fish groups [1]. Anchovy data helps to determine the
mathematical relationship between two variables and calculate the variation of weight in length for each
individual fish [2]. In fisheries management, the length-weight relationship is useful for both basic
research use and applications [3]. The information on length-weight relationship of fish can be used for
management and conservation of waters [4].

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

2. Material and methods

2.1 Sample collection
This research was conducted on a purse seine waring fishing gear at the Morodemak fishing base (Demak
Regency) in May 2018 and October 2018. The research involved purse seine waring fishermen based on
these locations during the observation by following the fishermen's operational trip. in the waters of
Semarang and Demak. This research used an explorative survey method, while the data collection method
was purposive sampling.
The measurement of sample fish is first grouped based on the size of the fish which is suspected of
having the same size. Weight measurement is carried out by weighing the individual samples who have a
group of suspected sizes, then the length is measured using techniques and the Spawning Potential Ratio
(SPR) program. Data from the measurement of length and weight of fish from tabulated samples were
recorded using an excel program.

2.2 Data Analysis

The analysis of the size structure of anchovy uses the distribution analysis method of the frequency of
anchovy length which is divided into several class intervals which are displayed through the graph. The
length and weight data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The data is arranged in the form of
an anchovy length and weight table, then analyzed using analyze regression curve estimation. Fish weight
is considered a function of length and this relationship of length and weight almost follows the cubic law,
but this relationship is not the case because the body shape, length and weight of fish are always changing
[5]. The growth pattern of fish can be done by analyzing the relationship between length-weight and
condition of fish species [6]. The variables used in the length-weight relationship were fish length (mm)
and fish body weight (g). [2,5,7,8] states that the relationship between the total length of the fish and its
weight can be expressed in the following equation:
Information :
 =  W = weight (gr)
L = total length (mm)
a = intercept
b = slope

The above formula was transformed into a logarithmic, then a linier line equation would be obtained :

Ln W = Ln a + b Ln L

Through regression analysis, the values of a and b were obtained with Ln W as the y axis and Ln L as
the x axis. The relationship for the length-weight can be seen from the value of b. Where the value of b is
equal to 3 means isometric, indicating that the growth of the fish has not changed its shape, the increase in
fish length is proportional to the increase in weight. Where the value of b is less than 3, it means negative
allometric, indicating the condition of the thin fish (length gain is more dominant than weight gain).
Where the value of b is more than 3, it means positive allometric, indicating a plump fish (weight gain is
more dominant than length gain) [5,7,9]. In calculating the condition factor based on the long-weight
relationship using the formula W = aLb [5,7], where the calculation of the condition factor can use the
formulated relative condition factor (Kn) [2,5].
 Information :
 Kn = relative condition factor in weight
total
W = average weight of fish (g)
L = average length of fish (mm)
a and b = constants

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

3. Result and discussion

3.1 Result
Data on Anchovy in May 2018 were 459 samples from the results of the lenght-weight measurement. It is
known that the growth pattern of Anchovy with fishing ground in Semarang and Demak waters in May
2018 obtained a value of b = 2.759 (b <3) which means that it is negative allometric meaning that the
increase in fish body length is faster than the increase in weight or weight. (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Graph of relationship length and weight of Anchovy in May 2018.

The results of the study in May showed that the longest anchovy was 76.69 mm with a weight of 8.8
grams, while the smallest size was 34.17 mm with a weight of 1.97 grams. The frequency distribution of
Anchovy length is dominated by size classes of 55 mm - 60 mm and 60 mm - 65 mm (Figure 2), while the
mode of anchovy size in the middle value (May) is 58.50 mm.

Figure 2. Size distribution of Anchovy length in May 2018.

The results of the calculation of the lenght-weight relationship of Anchovy in October 2018 in the
waters between Demak and Semarang obtained a value of b = 2.126 (b <3), meaning that it is negative
allometric that the growth pattern of Anchovy with body length is faster than the increase in weight
(Figure 3) .

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

Figure 3. Graph of relationship length and weight of Anchovy in October 2018.

Data on Anchovy in October 2018 were 762 samples with the results of the research that the longest
Anchovy was 94.06 mm, weighing 5.94 grams, while the smallest size was 43.68 mm, weighing 1.44
grams. The frequency distribution of Anchovy length is dominant in the size class of 60 mm - 65 mm
(Figure 4), while the mode of size of Anchovy is 65.30 mm in the middle value.

Figure 4. Size distribution of Anchovy length in October 2018

3.2 Discussion
The growth pattern of Anchovy in Semarang and Demak waters, both in May and October 2018, has a
value of b <3, which is a negative allometric, which means that the increase in length of Anchovies is
more dominant than the increase in weight of anchovies. According to [5] that if the value of b <3 then the
fish is in thin shape. Based on the condition factor in May and October in both Semarang and Demak
waters, the anchovy is in a suitable condition with their habitat with groups of fish sizes varying from
small to catch-worthy. Based on Figure 5a and 5b below, it can be seen that the range of length size
distribution of Anchovy is wider in the Anchovies data in October 2018 and the number of frequencies in
each size class is more. The frequency distribution of Anchovy length, both in May and October, has
almost the same pattern, namely dominance in the 60 mm - 65 mm class. This condition was still in
accordance with the research results of [10], that the dominant size of anchovy caught is between 50-70
mm in Muara Sungsang in May 2012. The species of Anchovy (S. devisi) in Pemalang Regency waters is

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

based on research conducted by [11], explained that in November the lenght frequency distribution mode
was in the class range 53-56 mm and in December the lenght frequency distribution mode was in the class
57-60 mm interval. The results of this measurement are still in accordance with the size distribution of
anchovy in Pulolampes - Brebes waters in April between 58 mm - 75 mm [12].

a. b.
Figure 5. Frequency distribution of Anchovy length in May and October 2018 (a) May (b) October

The smallest size of Anchovies is longer in October than in May 2018, while the size of the longest
Anchovy is longer in October than in May 2018. This is means that the size of anchovy in October 2018
is longer than in May 2018. There are long groups of Anchovy in small sizes, namely 30 mm to 40 mm in
May (Figure 5a) but in a small frequency, likewise there are small groups of lengths ranging in size from
75 mm to 80 mm (Figure 5a). In contrast to May, Anchovy in October 2018 has a larger size. The mode
of measuring fish length is at the mean value of 58.50 mm (May) and at the mean value of 65.30 mm
(October).

Figure 6. Graph of Anchovy length frequency in May and October 2018

Figure 6 above shows that the minimum length of Anchovy in May is smaller than that of October. The
maximum length of fish in October also has a longer value than in May. In addition, the length of the

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The 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Marine Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718 (2021) 012095 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012095

Anchovy in October is dominated by a longer size than in May. Based on this, the catch in October is
more feasible to catch than in May.

4. Conclution
The longest size distribution of Anchovy in May is 76.69 mm, weighing 8.8 grams, while the smallest size
is 34.17 mm, and weighing 1.97 grams. The frequency distribution of the length of the Anchovy is
dominant in the size class of 55 mm - 65 mm, while the mode of length is 58.50 mm in the middle value.
The distribution of the longest length of Anchovy (October) is 94.06 mm, weighing 5.94 grams, while the
smallest size is 43.68 mm, and weighing 1.44 grams. The frequency distribution of the length of the
Anchovy is dominant in the size class of 60 mm - 65 mm, while the length mode is 65.30 mm in the
middle value. The growth pattern of anchovy in the waters of Semarang and Demak has a value of b <3,
which means negative allometric, namely the increase in length of fish is faster than the increase in
weight. The condition factors in the two months, namely May and October are still in good condition,
meaning that the anchovy is in a suitable habitat. The catch of Anchovy in October is more feasible to
catch than in May.

5. References
[1] Sarma P K 2015 Advances in Applied Science Research 6(1):5-10.
[2] Le Cren E D 1951 J Animal Ecology. 20:201-219.
[3] PitcherT J and Hart P J 1982 Fisheries Ecology
[4] Lawson E O 2011 J of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 6(3): 264-271.
[5] Effendi M 1997 Biologi Perikanan (Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara) p97-99.
[6] Isa M M, Basri M N A, Zawawi M Z M, Yahya K, Nor S A M 2012 J of Natural Sciences Research
2 (2) : 8-18
[7] Froese R 2006 J Applied Ichthyologi 22(4):241-253.
[8] Benedict O O, Yemi A S, and Isaac T O 2009 J of Fisheries and Hydrobiology 4, 65-72.
[9] Mansor M.I., Che-Salmah, M-R., Rosalina, R., Shahrul-Anuar, M.S. & Amir-Shah-Ruddin, M.S.
2010 Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology 5, 1-8.
[10] Fauziyah, Saleh K, Hadi, Supriyadi F 2013 J Lahan Suboptimal. 2(1):50-57.
[11] Dewanti RON, Ghofar A, Saputra SW 2014 J of Maquares. 3(4):102-111.
[12] Sasmita S, Pebruwanti N, Fitrani I 2017 MEXMA

6. Acknowledgements
The authors would like thank to Head of Fishing Technique Development Center, Semarang, Central of
Java, who has allowed to carry out this research and Directorate General of Capture Fisheries, Ministry of
Marine Affairs and Fisheries for sponsoring this research.