ETHIOPIAN ROADS ADMINISTRATION

Design and Construction Work of Agaro Beshasha

Road Project

China railway 21st Bureau Group Co. LTD. Ethiopia Branch

Environmental and Social Management Plan

March, 2024
Environmental and social Management Plan Ethiopian Roads Administration
Agaro- Beshasha Road Project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................I

LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................III

TABLE OF FIGURE........................................................................................................................III

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM.................................................................................................IV

EXCUSIVE SUMMERY...................................................................................................................V

1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1

1.1 PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 SCOPE OF THIS PLAN................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGY................................................................................................2

1.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT.....................................................................................................2

1.5 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES...........................................................................................................3

1.6 NATURAL RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................3

1.6.1 Construction Material Requirement...............................................................................3

2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARD TO EMP.......................5

2.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORKS...................................................................................................................5

3. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION............................................................................................11

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION.............................................................................15

4.1 BIOLOGICAL (NATURAL) ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................15

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................17

5. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..........................................................................................22

5.1 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................22

5.2 IMPACT CATEGORY................................................................................................................... 22

5.3 DURATION AND SCALE OF IMPACTS..............................................................................................23

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5.4 POSITIVE IMPACTS.................................................................................................................... 26

5.5 NEGATIVE IMPACTS...................................................................................................................26

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT......................................................28

7. MONITORING, REVIEW AND REPORTING.............................................................................42

7.1 INCIDENT / ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, REPORTING & ANALYSIS........................................................42

7.1.1 Initial Incident Notification Report...............................................................................42

7.1.2 Incident Investigation Report.......................................................................................42

7.2 EHS AUDITS & REVIEWS........................................................................................................... 42

7.3 FINAL EHS REPORT.................................................................................................................. 43

8. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING....................................................................................51

9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMDATION......................................................................................52

9.1 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................52

9.2 RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................................53

REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................54

APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................55

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Summary of Key Environmental Polices, Laws and Regulations Pertinent to ESMP…... 5
Table 3-1: Town Section and Project Control Points ……………………………………….…………....12
Table 3-2: Basic project data and contract work data………………………………………………..…....12
Table 5-1Checklist used for identification and evaluation of environmental impacts………………24
Table 6-1.: Summary of Environmental and Social Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
with Responsible Bodies for Implementation……………………………………………………… 32
Table 7-1: Socio Environmental Monitoring Framework………………………………………….. 44

TABLE OF FIGURE

Figure 3-1: Project Location Map………………………………………………………………13

Figure 3-2: Location Map of Agaro-Beshasha DB Road Project (upper) with local
realignments…………………………………………………………………………………….14
Figure 4-1: Dense forests on the road corridor and typical coffee farm under broad leaf shade
trees……………………………………………………………………………………….
….....16
Figure 4-2: Major sensitive areas along the route corridor…………………………….……….17
Figure 4-3: Dominant soil type and slide of road along the project road………………………19
Figure 4-4: Rivers along the corridor of the road project……………………………….……...20
Figure 4-5: Dust pollution of the project area…………………………………………………..21

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ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM
% Per cent
0
C Degree Celsius
AC Asphalt Concrete
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
DC Design Class
DB Design Build
EHS Environmental, Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESH&SMD Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Management Directorate
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Administration
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ERA Ethiopian Roads Administration
ER Employer's Representative
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ha Hectare
HIV Human Immune Virus
IEC Information Education and Communication
Km Kilometre
KPH Kilometre per hour
Mm millimetre
MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
NRS National Regional State
RAP Resettlement Action Program
RoW Right-of-Way
SEMP Site Environmental, Management Plan
STI Sexually transmitted infection
TMP Traffic Management Plan
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing
WLEPO Woreda Land and Environmental Protection Office

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EXCUSIVE SUMMERY
This Plan is Environmental and social Management Plan/E&SMP for Construction and design of
Agaro Beshasha road project which cover 17.5 km. The plan shall be periodically reviewed and
updated to ensure that it remains relevant to the project and consistent with policies, compliance
standards and best practice. This EMP has been prepared to demonstrate the Contractor's (China
Railway 21st co.ltd ) responsibility and to fulfill the Employer's Requirements that is to accomplish
the road construction project in socially acceptable and environmentally friendly way. The plan has
been prepared in accordance with the national EIA law and guidelines, ERA’s Environmental and
Social Management Manual as well as ERA's Standard Technical Specifications. The document
should be reviewed in conjunction with the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report
and Environmental Management Plane of the project

The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to establish a set of mitigation and
monitoring measures to help minimize or reduce to acceptable levels the adverse environmental and
social impacts that can occur during the design and construction phase of the Construction and
design of Agaro Beshasha road project, so that the project objectives are fully realized.

In order to provide legal foundation for the study, different documents have been reviewed and
Ethiopia has adopted the Constitution in 1995. This Constitution provides the basic and
comprehensive principles and guidelines for environmental protection and management. Among
other things the Constitution states that everyone has the right to live in a clean and healthy
environment and the government will make every effort to provide such an environment.

It is evident that, while undertaking such development project, the environment is expected to be
affected either positively or negatively; and it is mandatory that the positive to be enhanced and
the negative to be mitigated especially when seen under the lens of the current global problem of
climate change. So, these several negative impacts that should be mitigated to the extent possible
by means of: providing good waste management system, by avoiding scattered vegetation,
protecting erosion by installation of good appropriate drainage, create awareness about
occupational health and safety, provide personal protective equipment (PPEs) and an exclusive
local NGO shall be commissioned to conduct HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control at workplaces
and also consultation with local authorities and the target community is must. Therefore, based on
the assessment undertaken, the overall project benefits are expected to outweigh the possible
environmental and social impacts provided that proper mitigation measures will be implemented.

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1. INTRODUCTION

This Plan is Environmental and social Management Plan/E&SMP: Construction and design of
Agaro Beshasha road project which cover 17.5 km. The plan shall be periodically reviewed
and updated to ensure that it remains relevant to the project and consistent with policies,
compliance standards and best practice. This EMP has been prepared to demonstrate the
Contractor's (Macro) responsibility and to fulfill the Employer's Requirements that is to
accomplish the road construction project in socially acceptable and environmentally friendly
way. The plan has been prepared in accordance with the national EIA law and guidelines,
ERA’s Environmental and Social Management Manual as well as ERA's Standard Technical
Specifications. The document should be reviewed in conjunction with the Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment report and Environmental Management Plane of the project. So, the
very purpose of this ESIA report is at least to provide:

 All the necessary information for ERA, Regulatory Bodies, and Financiers to assess the
proposed project in environmental and social terms.
 Details of environmental impacts, mitigation measures and resources required for the
design and construction phases of the project

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to establish a set of mitigation
and monitoring measures to help minimize or reduce to acceptable levels the adverse
environmental and social impacts that can occur during the design and construction phase of
the Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road project which cover 17.5 km so that the
project objectives are fully realized.
The EMP addresses all issues identified in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA):
 Organizes all measures to mitigate environmental impacts during the construction
phases;
 Establishes procedures and institutional responsibilities for implementation;
1.2 Scope of this plan
The overall objective of the service is to design and build the Agaro-Beshasha Road Project as
per the specification of the client stipulated in the contract agreement. As is known, the
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a planning tool used in project
appraisal and design as well as implementation guideline, in view of ensuring sustainability.
Accordingly, the fundamental objective of the environmental assessment for the current project
is to ensure the proper protection of the bio-physical and socio-economic environment while
developing the Road Project as intended.

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Therefore, the specific objective and an immediate aim of an environmental impact assessment
of this project is to properly guide the decision making processes (by designers and decision
makers) and implementers through identifying potentially significant environmental effects
and proposing realistic environmental management and monitoring plan of the proposed
project so that it will serve as a guide for the Design-Build works and eventually help achieve
the overall objective of road sector development program.

The scopes of Agaro- Beshasha DB Road Project include desk study, route selection and
survey, environmental and social studies, preliminary cost estimation for comparison of
alternative routes, detailed engineering design on the selected route and subsequent
construction as per the design. Similarly, the specific scope of this ESIA work of this DB
Project includes assessment of all environmental and social baseline conditions such as
physical, biological, ecological and social issues prevailing at the project sites/route corridor
and its environs from both primary and secondary sources. The study will be carried out by
categorizing possible impacts or influence areas as direct and indirect impact zones. All Macro
staff and sub-contractors are required to operate fully under the auspices of this plan and
related environmental management plans, over the full duration of the project road
construction program

1.3 Approaches and Methodology

This ESMP study was based on:
 review of documents
 review of relevant previous studies,
 data collected through field surveys along the proposed project route,
 secondary data gathered from local government offices,
 information obtained during consultations with local authorities,
1.4 Components of the Project
The main components of the road are: construction of a 17.5 km long Asphalt road from the
Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road project. The Project will be constructed along
a new alignment corridor, mostly in rural area construction involves of road to DC5 design
standard the road have cross section width of 7m and thickness of 50mm of asphalt concrete
surfacing and 1.5 m wide single surface dressing or shoulder on each side in rural section.
Other components include:
 Alternatives Route Assessment and Route Selection
 Designing and constructing of the roadway and any necessary structures.
 Right-of-Way identification and install Right-of-way Marker Posts

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 Designing and constructing new alignment as well as upgrading the existing
alignment section of the route to DC 5, Asphalt Concrete surfacing (AC) standard as
per the final contract agreement.
 Designing and Constructing Bridges and culverts or upgrading existing structures (if
there exists) to meet the required standard.
 Designing and Constructing Paved Roadways.
 Designing and Constructing Retaining Walls
 Pavement Markings and Erecting Traffic Signs.
 Preparation of ESIA and ESMP Reports.

And other necessary works to meet the Employer’s requirement

1.5 Construction Activities
Construction activities associated with the project road should be noted that it is not an
exhaustive list of activities, rather key activities for the project and that some of the activities
below may comply with the pre-construction definition and be completed as part of early
works prior to the EMP being approved.
 Earthworks
Earthworks are mainly comprised 1-3m high embankment fill. In addition, expansive soils in
some localities must be removed and replaced by with suitable borrow material before the
placement of the pavement layers. These activities are normally accompanied with removal of
few trees, noise, vibration, dust evolution and use of heavy machinery.
 Masonry, Concrete Work and Related Activities
The project activities involve masonry work and related activities including: stone crushing,
concrete mixing by use of both manual and mechanical means. These activities are known to
be labor intensive and a source of air pollutants.

1.6 Natural Resource Requirements

1.6.1 Construction Material Requirement

Potential sources of material for construction, the survey and investigation for different
construction materials were carried out in respect of their likely sources and the availability
and suitability of various materials. Relevant laboratory tests were conducted on representative
samples as per requirement.

 Borrow Area
The Project requires borrow and quarry materials around 4 borrow pits will be expected with
total area of 22 ha required for the construction of the 17.5 kilometers of the project road.

 Quarry

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Extensive survey has been carried out to identify the suitable stone quarry nearer to the project
road. During the field investigation, the quality and quantity of rocks, accessibility of the
quarry locations, the overburden material depth and the suitability of the material for
construction purposes are well assessed. Besides, the environmental and social impacts which
may arise following the utilization of the rock quarry like displacement of local residents,
claim for coffee plant fruit trees and farm lands are assessed will report in the future.
 Water Requirements
For construction of the project water is likely to be needed for dust suppression and
construction purpose depending upon construction activities.
Availability of water supply in the project area is not problem because there is a number of
Small River present at the project are, contractor use the source of available water for
controlling Dust pollution.

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARD

TO EMP

2.1 Legal frameworks

Ethiopia has adopted the Constitution in 1995. This Constitution provides the basic and
comprehensive principles and guidelines for environmental protection and management. Among
other things the Constitution states that everyone has the right to live in a clean and healthy
environment and the government will make every effort to provide such an environment. The
following table summarizes the key environmental, social and safety laws and regulations
relevant for the preparation and implementation of the environmental and social management plan
for the successful implementation of the project. .
Table 2-1: Summary of Key Environmental Polices, Laws and Regulations Pertinent to ESMP
Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
National and Sectoral Environmental Policies and Guidelines
Article 43: the right to people to improved living standards &
to sustainable development.
Article 44: states that all persons have the right to a clean and
healthy environment
Article 92: states that Government shall endeavor to ensure
1 Federal Constitution that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment; Applicable
Development projects shall not damage or destroy the
environment; People have the right to full consultation and the
expression of views in the planning & implementation of
environmental policies and projects that affect them directly;
and Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the
environment.
2 The Environmental The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) of the Federal Applicable
Policy of Ethiopia Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) was approved by
(EPE) the Council of Ministers in April 1997 (EPA/MEDAC 1997).
It is based on the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE),
which was developed through a consultative process over the
period 1989-1995. The policy has the broad aim of rectifying
previous policy failures and deficiencies, which in the past,
have led to serious environmental degradation. It is fully
integrated and compatible with the overall long-term
economic development strategy of the country, and other key
national policies.

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Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
The EPE’s overall policy goal is improvement and
enhancement of the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians,
and the promotion of sustainable social and economic
development through the adoption of sound environmental
management principles. The policy contains sectoral and
cross-sectoral policies and also has provisions required for the
appropriate implementation of the policy itself.

The section of the EPE concerning ESIA sets out a number of

policies, key elements of which may be applicable for the
preparation of SSESMP for the proposed Borrow pit include:

 Recognition of the need for ESIA to address social, socio-

economic, political and cultural impacts, in addition to
physical and biological impacts, and for public consultation to
be integrated within ESIA procedures; and
 Incorporation of impact containment measures within the
design process for both public and private sector development
projects, and for mitigation measures and accident
contingency plans to be incorporated within Environmental
Impact Statements (EISs).

This Policy was issued in March 1993 emphasizing that all

economic and social programs and activities should ensure
equal access of men and women to the country’s resources and
in the decision making process, so that they can benefit
National Policy on equally from all activities carried out by the Federal and Applicable
3
Women Regional Institutions. Among the main policy objectives is
that laws, regulations, systems, policies and development
plans that are issued by the government should ensure the
equality of men and women, and that special emphasis should
be given to the participation of rural women.

4 Water Resource The Ministry of Water Resources formulated the Federal Applicable
Policy Water Resource Policy in 2001 for comprehensive and
integrated water resource management. The overall goal of the
water resources policy is to enhance and promote all national
efforts towards the efficient and optimum utilization of the

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Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
available water resources for socio-economic development on
sustainable bases. The document includes policies to establish
and institutionalize environment conservation and protection
requirements as integral parts of water resources planning and
project development.

The transport sector, to which ERA belongs, is among the

most susceptible sectors for the spread of HIV/AIDS. It was in
recognizance of this that ERA has issued Sectoral Policy for
HIV/AIDS in the Work places of ERA in June 2004. The
policy acknowledges that HIV/AIDS is a reality in the work
places, which may have detrimental effects on its work force.
The policy is prepared with the objectives of developing and
implementing an effective workplace program. Some of the
ERA’s HIV/AIDS policy objectives of ERA´s HIV/AIDS policy are to create
Policy at Work awareness among its employees and promote effective ways to
5 Places managing HIV/AIDS and to create supportive environment for Applicable
those affected. The principles of the policy are to ensure that
employees living with HIV/AIDS have the same right and
obligations; to avoid discriminations and stigmatization of
employees with HIV/AIDS to receive equal treatment; seek to
minimize the social and development consequences, provide
support counseling and educational services to people living
with HIV/AIDS; to establish and maintain an employee
assistance program and ensure sustainable resource for the
prevention and control.

6 ERA’s ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework (RPF), Applicable

Resettlement/Rehab issued in February 2002 and revised in December 2006,
ilitation Policy contains various elements that ERA should follow regarding
Framework compensation procedures. The RPF also clarifies the
principles of reinforcement measures for the positive social
impacts and mitigation measures for addressing negative
social impacts induced by road projects. The policy
framework stresses the need to consult and compensate
project-affected persons (PAPs) in relation to
resettlement/relocation and for loss of assets and properties
that are affected due to construction of road projects.
Regarding compensation procedures and establishing

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Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
compensation rates, ERA establishes compensation
committees at project area level by enlisting representatives
from government offices and representatives of PAPs. The
compensation committees have the function of conducting the
registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs and
determining the compensation rates.
If a dispute arises regarding the amount of compensation to be
paid to the project affected persons, recourse is available to the
courts. However, aggrieved PAPs will also have a chance to
make their complaints to the grievance committee and the case
if not solved by the grievance committee the aggrieved person
can take the case into court.

ERA’s Environmental Management Manual updated in 2008

provides a framework for undertaking environmental and
social impact assessment for road development projects and
integrating the outcomes of the assessment processes into the
ERA's planning, design, procurement, construction and on-going
Environmental operational and maintenance phases of the complete road
Management system. It also provides guidelines and, where appropriate,
7 Manual standards to deal with specific issues frequently encountered Applicable
during the project development and construction phase.

The environmental screening guide included in the manual,

facilitates prioritization of the project or help to determine the
level of ESA that must be undertaken during the feasibility
study phase.

8 ERA’s Quality ERA has prepared quality manuals in 2012, which guides how Applicable
Manuals to prepare reports at each phase of the road project studies and
control the quality of reports. It has instruction to report
writers and evaluators as what to be focused and emphasized
in the report. The quality manual guides consultants involved
in road sector development as how to proceed starting from
the route selection to final design and construction supervision
of road construction projects. It has standardized table of
contents for each report expected to be prepared during the
study and construction phases. This ESMP report has prepared

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Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
following the table of contents given in the quality manual.

Safety and health

Applicable
9 directive 2007 Focuses on the safety and health of workforce in the country.
(MoLSA)
Relevant Proclamations

Enacted to assign responsibilities to separate organizations for

Proclamation on
environmental development & management activities on one
Establishment of
hand, and environmental protection, regulations and Applicable
1 Environmental
monitoring on the other, in order to ensure sustainable use of
Protection Organs
environmental resources, thereby avoiding possible conflicts
Proc. No. 295/2002
of interest & duplication of effort.
Enacted to make an EIA mandatory for specified categories of
Proclamation on
activities undertaken either by the public or private sectors & Applicable
2 EIA Proc. No.
to ensure EIA as a legal tool for environmental planning,
299/2002
management & monitoring.
Proclamation on
Focuses on the right of each citizen to have a healthy
Environmental Applicable
3 environment, as well as on the obligation to protect the
Pollution control
environment of the country.
Proc. No. 300/2002
Proclamation on
Solid Waste Applicable
4 Focuses on solid waste management and disposal
Management Proc.
No. 513/2007
Ensure sustainable forest development, conservation and
Proclamation on
utilization. The forest sector plays an important role in
Forest
addressing the adverse effects of climate change. Sustainable
Development, Applicable
5 forest development, conservation and utilization plays a
Conservation and
crucial role to halt environmental, social and economic
Utilization Proc.
problems caused by the high level of forest degradation in the
No. 1065/2018
country.
6 Proclamation on Deals with appropriation of land for development works Applicable
Expropriation of carried out by the government and determination of
Land Holdings and compensation for a person whose landholding has been
Payment of expropriated.
Compensation Proc.

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Policies, Applicability
No Proclamation and to the Project
Regulations Purpose and Objective at Hand
No. 1161/2019
Regulations on
This Regulation contains property valuation and compensation
Payment of
methods and formulae that should be used in calculating
Compensation for
compensation for various properties. It also contains lump sum
Property Situated on
compensation to be paid for severed social relationship and
Landholdings Applicable
7 moral damages. The regulation also sets the provision of land
Expropriated for
expropriation procedure, propriety right to develop the land to
Public Purposes
be expropriated, and provision of substitute of land, housing
(Regulations
and resettlement and shareholder rights of the displaced
No.472/2020)

Proclamation on
Rural Land
Its objective is to conserve and develop natural resources in Applicable
8 Administration and
rural areas by promoting sustainable land use practices.
Land Use Proc. No.
456/2005
Proc. on Ethiopian
Water Resources Provides legal requirements for Ethiopian water resources Applicable
9
Management Proc. management, protection and utilization.
No. 197/2000.
Enhancing popular participation in implementing the
Proclamation on
country’s health sector policy, promoting attitudinal changes Applicable
10 Public Health Proc.
through primary health care approach and promoting healthy
No. 200/2000.
environment for the future generation.

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3. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) represented by the Ethiopian Roads
Authority (ERA) is implementing various road projects to expand the Roads Network all over the
country. Among these project Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road project which
cover 17.5 km) is one.

ERA has entered into contract with China Railway 21th Bureau Group co.LTD, carry out the
construction works for Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road project.

China Railway 21th Bureau Group co.LTD, have entered into a works Contract agreement on 23 rd
February 2024 with Ethiopian Roads Authority for the Construction Works of Construction and
design of Agaro Beshasha road project. The Agaro-Beshasha road project is entirely located in
Oromia Regional state where the project starts at Agaro Town and ends at Beshasha Rural Town
the project works on one Woreda and One Town Administrations while providing direct access to
about 6 kebele Administration which are also serving as project control points. This road section
requires route selection, detailed engineering design and subsequent construction to AC level of
DC-5 road standard. Considering the significance of the road in overall road network of the
country at large and the project influence areas, the project road is functionally classified as Main
Access Road. Such roads are expected to provide balanced mobility and accessibility to the major
road users within the project corridor. The construction of this road will also create an enormous
amount of job opportunity for the local people and will leave them with potential additional
alternative ways of income.

It is also noted that the road stretch characterized by its rolling and some mountainous topography
with. Note that 2.8 km of the rout corridor is under Agaro town administration and around 9.2km
of the round corridor is kebele town this mean the settlement in this route corridor is around 68.57
% of the total route corridor. As a result, the extent of excavation could be quite extensive and its
impact on the natural topography is expected to be high. Moreover, the spoil management could
also be a great challenge. The basic project features and control pots are show in the tables shown
below. Consultation processes with all stakeholders indicates that they prefer the improvement
works to proceed following the exiting route.

As per the assessments conducted so far, the sub grade soil is generally categorized as good and
more of poor sub grade soils. As a result, the excavated materials from good sub grade can be

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used for road embankment works. On the other hand, the more of the road stretch is known by
weak sub grade soil and it has to be excavated and replaced by stronger materials.

Table 3-1: Town Section and Project Control Points

Starting Ending Road

Town Length
S.N width Remarks
Name Station Easting Northing Station Easting Northing (Km)
(m)
1 Agaro 0+000 232687 869510 2+800 231030 867510 2.800 21.5 Wereda Seat
2 Shashemene 2+800 231030 867510 4+100 230024 866973 1.300 12.0 Kebele Seat
3 Genji Elbu 5+500 228840 866851 7+500 228254 865213 2.000 12.0 «
«
4 Kota 9+700 226494 864663 11+800 224767 864034 2.100 19.0

Beshasha «
13+100 224113 862914 13+790 223614 862455 0.700 12.0
5 Badiya
Beshasha «
13+790 223614 862455 16+900 220970 862830 3.100 19.0
town

Total 68.57%

Table 3-2: Basic project data and contract work data

Basic Project Data
Project Name Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road project

Location Oromia Regional State

Employer Ethiopian Roads Administration

Consultant OMEGA Consulting Engineers PLC in JV with Prome

Consultants Ltd

Contractor China Railway 21th Bureau Group co.LTD.

Project Start Agaro town

Project End Beshasha

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Works Contract Data
Construction and design of Agaro Beshasha road
Project project

Employer Ethiopian Roads Administration

OMEGA Consulting Engineers PLC in JV with

Consultant
Prome Consultants Ltd

Contractor China Railway 21th Bureau Group co.LTD.

Date of Contract Signing 23rd February 2024

Time for Completion 365 calendar days

Project Length 17.5 km

Contract Price ETB 2,326,135,514.02 including 15% VAT

20% (Twenty percent) of the Contract Price shall

Maximum Amount of Advance Payment
be paid for resource and material mobilization.

Figure 3-1: Project Location Map

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Figure 3-2: Location Map of Agaro-Beshasha DB Road Project (upper) with local realignments

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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

This section describes the baseline environmental condition of the impacts receiving biodiversity
of the area. It describes the bio-physical environment where the road construction activities take
place from start of the project to the end of the project.

4.1 Biological (Natural) Environment

The Oromia region is endowed with natural farm land, trees, vegetation, rivers and home for
several domestic and wild species. Oromia region is mainly covered by forest which in mainly
include Endemic wild animal, trees and plants. Agaro Beshasha road project is located on the
south west of Oromia region where coffee growing area of the country. This section portrays the
impact receiving biological environment (flora and fauna resources) and sensitive ecosystem
along the project road corridor.

Flora Resources

Agaro zone falls in south west of where coffee growing area of the country. It is well perceived
that coffee is a shade loving cash crop. Agaro is one of Oromia region state which mainly covered
by forest. The vegetation developed by the natural environmental condition o f the zone includes:
broad leafed trees, grasslands and wetlands marshlands.

The dominant tree species in the zone as well as in the project area include; Acacia abbysinica
(Lafto), Albiza gimmifera (Ambabeesa), Codina Africana (Wanza), Croton macrostachyus
(Bisana), juniperus procera (Tid), Gosu, Imbelta, Myrica salclifolia (Reji), Bedesa, Ficus,
Ekebergia capansis (Sombo) and Ficus glumosa (Kiltu). There are a few exotic trees species are
Eucalptus camondulesis and Grevillea Rebusta. There is a coffee tree (Coffee Arabica) under this
indigenous tree species. And also there is chat tree around the project area.

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Figure 4-1: dense forests on the road corridor and typical coffee farm under broad leaf shade trees

Faunal Resource

In this project area there is no registered national park along, but there is protected forest .The
physiographic and climatic condition of the two Woreda is favourable for wild life habitat. So, the
following wild life are the major one along the construction area; Baboon, blue monkey, monkey,
dikdik ( kurupe), bush pig, civet cat and hyena. And also fauna resources around include; birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates lives in the area.

Sensitive site along the project corridor

In this report sensitive site include human settlement fully or partially falling within the RoW,
Coffee, old indigenous trees and fruit both with in urban and rural market place, religious area and
rivers.

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Figure 4-2: major sensitive areas along the route corridor

4.2 Physical environment

Environmental constraints are multifaceted in the project area, but mainly related to, topography
and relief, climatic condition, rainfall, temperature, geology, air, noise and water resource. This
section describes the existing condition of these variables along the proposed project area.
Topography and Relief

The road project is geographically located in Jimma zone of Oromia national regional state starts
from Agaro town to Beshasha town of Gomma Woreda. Furthermore it connected Gomma
Woreda rural town and Agaro city administration. The first two (2.8) km falls under Agaro city
administration (town section) and the rest 14.7 km falls through kebele (type 3 and type 4) town
section and Rural area of Gomma Woreda.

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The general topographic make up of the project area including the town section that has high
scenic beauty is predominantly rolling and mountainous topography. Generally the road starts at
an elevation of Agaro town 1625m asl and ends at an elevation of 2091m asl at Beshasha.

Climate and meteorology

The climatic condition in Ethiopia is largely governed by altitudinal variation that are controlling
rainfall distribution to some degree and the temperature variation to a very large extent. Based on
mean seasonal precipitation and mean seasonal temperature variation, three operational seasonal
periods are commonly known in Ethiopia. These seasons are “Bega”, “Belg” and “keremet”.
According to the national Atlas of Ethiopia (1981), the climatic condition of the country is
classified into the following zones:

 “kur”; 3300m asl and above (annual mean temperature. of <10 oC. )
 “Dega”: 2300-3300m asl and (annual mean temperature. of 10% to 15 oC. )
 “Weina Dega “ : 1500-2300m asl and (annual mean temperature of 15 oC to 20 oC)
 “kola”: 500-1500m asl and (annual mean temperature of about 30 oC)
 “Berah”: below 500m asl with annual mean temperature of 30 oC to 40 oC

According to the socio – economic profile obtained from Jimma zone meteorology office of
Gomma Woreda the project area fall under an altitudinal ranges from 1450m to 2870m asl.
Therefore it might be concluded that the route alignment of the project road corridor falls within
“Weina Dega” climatic zone

Rainfall
Rainfall is the amount of rain that falls in a place during a particular period. It is described as the
depth of water reaching the ground; typically in mm. one mm rainfall mean one square meter area
is filled with the water of one mm height. Annual rainfall is the sum of daily that can be
calculated from rain gauge record. The project corridor receives bimodal rainfall pattern where
the major rainy season ranges from June to September. According to the socio- economic profile
of Gomma Woreda the mean annual rainfall ranges from 1500mm to 2500mm.
Temperature
The Gomma Woreda mean annual temperature ranges between 15 oC to 22 oC.

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Soil types and soil erosion problem

According to material investigation report, the dominant soil type along the project road route
corridor is categorized as;,
 Red silt soil
 Red Lateritic soil
 Light Brown Clayey soil
 Red Clayey soil

Figure 4-3: dominant soil type and slide of road along the project road

Water Resources and Drainage Basin

The project area is naturally endowed with many rivers and streams. The project road crosses
many streams and three rivers as well as numerous minor drainage channels. The major ones that
are crossed by the project road include Core Tubo, Dogaaja Laku and Core Beshasha gunda.
During the ESMP reconnaissance in February, 2024 all the rivers and some streams are visually
free from sediment.

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Figure 4-4: rivers along the corridor of the road project

Air Quality

The area of the road corridor is most prominently rural area except Agaro town and Beshasha
town. Moreover, the road corridor crosses the coffee farm on south west coffee producing and
honey producing area. In general there are no industries across the corridor. The only air pollution
comes from the existing road dust pollution and vehicular traffic. Therefore it concluded that the
air quality is inherently good along the road corridor

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Figure 4-5: Dust pollution of the project area

Noise

Even though there is no information regarding ambient noise level adjacent to the project route,
noise is currently at tolerable level at rural section of the project area, with open space and no
traffic condition. Therefore it can be reasonably be assumed that ambient noise level near the road
is below the widely accepted guideline level of 65 dBA, above which significant noise nuisance
may be experienced.

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5. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
5.1 Approach and Methodology
The approach & methodology adopted for identification & evaluation of impacts are briefly
described as follow:
 The first step made in description of impact is obtaining a clear understanding of the
project activities & influence area (both direct & indirect influence area), and then
establish the natural & socio economic environment setting in the project road influence
area as described in the previous chapters.
 As much as possible, a detailed description of the social and environmental setting in the
project influence area are presented since their location, number, value, extent,
sensitivity assist in determining of impact significance.
 The impact identification and evaluation i.e. to what extent the proposed road project
would affect the human and bio-physical environment characterized with regard to
duration (long term /medium term/short term), scale of impact (international/ national/
regional/ woreda/ kebele), reversibility (eversible/irreversible), potential for leading
other impacts (cumulative /non-cumulative impact), and severity of impact (very
high/high/moderate/low/very low).
 The significance of impacts is determined using criteria such as magnitude, geographic
extent, duration, frequency, reversible or irreversible, risk of uncertainty, size of group
affected. Assessment of impacts significance have been made based on personal
professional judgement & experience on previously implemented road projects and also
stakeholders perception.
 Checklist method used to identify environmental & social impacts with the project
implementation. The checklist consists relevant environmental and social attributes in the
project influence area that can be affected in various phase of the project road
development (Table 5-1).
 The checklist identifies significant impacts that need to be mitigated & monitored,
without which adverse impact on the natural & socio economic environment will be
resulted and also effect on the project sustainability.
 Assessments of significance have been made based on expert opinion and judgement,
stakeholder perceptions and personal experience and judgements.
The impacts described in this section are potentially the most important as far as the overall
impact of the project is concerned. In all cases, there is a relatively high probability of occurrence
of these significant impacts if no mitigation measures are adopted.
5.2 Impact Category
Environmental impacts caused by road development projects can be categorized in to three major
impact types. They are either of; direct impact, indirect impact or cumulative impact types. Those
impacts of the road project that will be felt within the influence areas of the project have direct
consequences, while it also has regional and national level significance.

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a) Direct Impacts of the Project
The Direct impacts of the road, also termed as spatial boundary, include mainly impacts that are
caused by the road construction like soil and land surface disturbances, vegetation clearance and
material removal activity mainly in road new road opening section (removing of un-necessary
curves), realignment from the existing road constructed and new, as well as at borrow and quarry
development sites. Socio-economic impacts damage to properties and houses in the RoW,
especially in town kebles and villages. The impacts mainly result during the construction period
and are expected to be significant and need to be mitigated properly.
b) Indirect Impacts of the Project
These are chain effects or impacts that result due to the road construction indirectly and at distant
locations from the construction corridor. These include induced development in the project area
and at roadsides, water quality deterioration as a consequence of the vegetation clearance and soil
erosion at up stream of water sources, increased deforestation due to easier transportation of logs
to market, cultural influences due to opening up of the area for tourists and interaction with
external way of life etc. These impacts are normally observed during the operation phase of road
projects.
Water quality deterioration and water shortages at downstream areas due to project
implementation and related ecosystem changes can also be part of the indirect impacts
experienced at furthest distances from the project area.
c) Cumulative Impacts of the Project
This type of impact results from synergetic effects or added up of several impacts that result in
environmental changes. The forested lands and some of the potential conservation site in the
Woreda as of other neighbouring zones might experience the effect of traffic development and
poachers by the connectivity effects with the project areas. The wildlife habitats of those areas at
far distances could be disrupted due to the project gradually developing in the area.
5.3 Duration and Scale of Impacts
The positive social and economic impacts including availability of all-weather reliable roads,
reduced transportation costs, increased access to market places for local products, access to new
employment centres, better access to social service centres like health institutions, and
strengthening of local economy are felt during the operation phases of the project road. Direct
and adverse impacts like increased traffic accidents, pollution due to increased vehicle exhaust
gases and transportation of hazardous material in transit, noise and road side litter can also be
observable impacts during the operation phases of the road.
Major direct environmental impacts on the natural environmental components are caused mainly
during the construction phase. Adverse impacts like; soil and water resources degradation, soil
erosion and vegetation clearance, material removal and consumption from quarry and borrow pits
etc. are caused during the construction period. Socio-economic impacts like displacement of
people, damages to properties and crops, interruption of social services like water supply,
electricity and telecommunication services are caused upon construction activities in settlement
areas. Table 5.1 shows identified projects impacts occurrence, duration and significance of
positive and negative impacts.
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Table 5-2Checklist used for identification and evaluation of environmental impacts
Impact Type and significance Remark
Potential socio-environmental
issues/impact Areas Duration Nil/No Adverse Beneficial
Impact Impact Impact

Physical Environment

Soil and Bedrock

 Soil erosion, siltation Temporary/Per _

 stability of slopes/land sliding Temporary __

 Soil contamination Spills of

Hazardous Material Temporary __

 Compaction of soil, reduced

productivity Temporary _

Water Resources and Quality

 Change in Surface Water

Hydrology Temporary/Per __ ++

 Change in Ground Water

Hydrology Temporary __

 Water pollution Temporary __

 Flooding & water inundation Temporary __ ++

 Competition with existing

water source points by
construction work &
employees Temporary __

Air Quality

 Air quality (dust, gaseous

emission) Temporary __

 Air quality deterioration noise

nuisance Temporary __

Biological Environment

Impact on natural vegetation

(terrestrial) Permanent __

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Impact Type and significance Remark

Potential socio-environmental
issues/impact Areas Duration Nil/No Adverse Beneficial
Impact Impact Impact

Impact on wildlife Permanent _

Impact on aquatic life 0

Degradation of terrestrial habitat Permanent _

Degradation of aquatic habitat 0

Impact on protected areas 0

Human Socio economic & cultural

Environment

Social economic Issues

 Social Acceptability Permanent +++

 Resettlement/ Displacement Permanent __

 Demographic Changes Permanent +

 Changes in Way of Life Permanent ++

 Impact on Women Permanent ++

 Impact on Indigenous people 0

 Induced Development Permanent +++

 Conflicts between Locals and

Immigrants Temporary __

Economic Issues

 Loss of Agricultural Land

(mainly grazing) Permanent __

 Loss of Property Permanent __

 Employment Opportunities Temporary +

Effect on public and private services +++

 Health and sanitary issues Temporary __ +++

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Impact Type and significance Remark

Potential socio-environmental
issues/impact Areas Duration Nil/No Adverse Beneficial
Impact Impact Impact

 obstruction to access and safety Permanent __

 Traffic safety accidents Permanent __

Increase in communicable diseases

especially HIV/AIDS STD ___

Cultural religious and historical areas 0

Damage to Aesthetic sites Permanent _

Impact on local regional and national

economy Permanent +++

Contribution to improve
communication between regional
states and people Permanent ++

Key: “–” sign means adverse/negative impact, + ve sign means beneficial/positive impacts “-”
Minor adverse impact “- -” moderate adverse impact, “- - -” Major adverse impact “+”
Minor beneficial impact “++” moderate beneficial impact “+++” Major beneficial impact
5.4 Positive Impacts
One of the most direct positive impacts of the road project is creation of job opportunities for the
road side communities. The project works are expected to involve large number of casual workers
throughout its implementation period. Other opportunities will result from the general economic
improvement of the region due to increased access and increased traffic flow which will create
further indirect jobs. For instance, there is potential for employment in cash crop plantations such
as Coffee, fruits, as well as in small scale industries.
The project will increase non- agricultural employment opportunities for local communities such
as small businesses, shops, catering services along the project road and near construction camps
could earn additional income due to the presence of large numbers of construction workers.
5.5 Negative Impacts
Implementation of the proposed Agaro Beshasha road project (17.5km) road project will require
acquisition of a significant area of land mainly under Coffee production, chat plant and
agricultural uses. The baseline study showed that coffee and chat production is the main land use
of the project area. And also the corridor of the road section includes agaro town and rural small
town at the side of the road with compacted settlement area. So, this lands permanently taken for
the road project. In addition, there is land requirement for ancillary works such as borrow pits,
quarry sites, materials processing plant sites, campsite etc. and also increase transmission of HIV

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AIDs and other transmitted disease. Furthermore increase in air, water and noise pollution. Much
more additional land is likely to be required for access roads and additional site facilities and
materials sources. The land taking for the ancillary works and access roads will be temporary and
the sites will be reinstated to the extent possible.

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6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT

The environmental and social impacts of the project road that were identified in the ESIA of the
project section are linked to specific mitigation and management measures identified as outlined
in Table 6.1.

 Health and Safety Issues and Mitigation Measure

Road construction is a high-risk occupation due to the intensity and volume of works that involve
use of heavy machinery, a large number of vehicular traffic, hazardous substances and chemicals
etc. Blasting of rocks with explosives, intensive excavations and cutting in rocks/soils, accidental
spillage of inflammable or toxic chemicals, hazardous substances like fuel & oils could create
safety and health risks to project workers as well as local people.
Mitigation Measure
The Contractor's guiding principle is avoidance of accident and safety risks as far as possible, and
if not to manage the situation so as to minimize the risks to occur. In the performance of this road
project the management activities to mitigate the possible health, safety and accident risks are the
following.
 Provision of proper and adequate protective clothing and safety equipment including
safety helmets; protective footwear; safety glasses; welding goggles and other eye
protectors; ear protectors; safety harnesses; high visibility reflective vests; safety
equipment of working over water, etc as per the nature of the work required,
 Provision of suitably equipped and staffed clinic at the main campsite with all
necessary medication including ambulance service, and first aid kits at all working
sites. The services will be provided to the Contractor’s staff including those of the
Sub-Contractors, the Engineer’s site staff, and all other persons entitled to be on the
Site,
 Availing the health services at all times when there is work activity on the site,
 Maintaining records of all accidents arising from the construction activities,
 Taking maximum care to prevent the sufferings of the project employees as well as
the local communities and their properties not to be caused due to project activities,
 Provision of all necessary protective facilities and medication to workers engaged on
the project work, irrespective to their placement, and extent of exposure to hazardous
work sites. The occupational safety and health directives provided by the Ministry of
Labor and social affairs will be complied with and ensure safe project
implementation;
 Provision of adequate training and awareness creation to the workforce before
engaging on the work site. All drivers, machine operators, blasters, traffic safety
guides and personnel, electrical, mechanical, welders etc. will be oriented and made
aware of the occupational health and safety issues;

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 Creating awareness and continuously reminding the labor force about use of safety
equipment in the work place, and
 Conducting regular monitoring of the workforce on proper use and implementation
of the safety rules, and on use of the safety devices and facilities provided to them.
 Traffic Safety Issues
In Ethiopia, road accidents are recorded to be among the highest in the world, and this is
associated to poor road conditions, lack of road signs, lack of awareness on road safety by
pedestrian and motorists. At present road accident is not an issue since the vehicular traffic is very
low. Awareness level & knowledge on road safety amongst local people & children in the project
road area is very low. With the asphalt road operation, the vehicular traffic & speed expected to
be increased which will result in potential road accident risk to people & livestock. Especially on
market days the risks of accidents between pedestrians and passing cars (trucks) could be high.
Road side business and markets would lead to higher risk of accidents due to cars stopping at
those points.
Mitigation Measure
 To avoid and control potential problems in the operation of the road, maximum attention
has to be paid to an adequate road and traffic safety.
 Carry out road and safety signs to avoid causing fatalities, injuries and death to the
community through increased traffic accidents.
 Consider speed control structures especially in major settlement centers traversed by the
road alignment.
 In places where there is high fill provide crossing structures and ramps for pedestrians
and animals, which will allow access to villages, farms, grazing and water points.

 Impacts on HIV/AIDS and STDs

Road projects may cause serious public health and social problems mainly due to arrival of
workforce from outside the project area and their placement in campsites. In particular, the spread
of communicable diseases esp. HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a
major threat in such road projects. In addition, the high mobility of construction workers, and in-
migration of commercial sex workers to such construction area can contribute for the spread of
HIV/AIDS and other STDs.
Mitigation Measure
In order to control the spread of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, the Contractor shall implement the
mitigation measures specified in the Employer's Requirement: including assigning a specialist
Sub-Contractor, preparing action plan, providing educational materials (leaflets, posters etc.) and
protective such as male and female condoms, and conducting information, education and
consultation campaigns. The Contractor through its specialist Sub-Contractor shall develop and
implement HIV/AIDS and other STIs Alleviation Action Plan based on the national HIV/AIDs
policy framework as well as the ERA‘s HIV/AIDs policy framework.
 Assign the HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention program to specialist sub-contractor
to handle it. He will work to increase awareness among the vulnerable groups. In this

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regard, awareness raising and education campaigns about HIV/AIDS among the
construction workers and local population would be essential to make them
informed. This has to be done on the one hand by the specialized subcontractor,
responsible for workers and on the other hand by the Woreda health office and health
extension workers to communities residing along the project road targeting specially
women and sex workers;
 Create a supportive and nondiscriminatory working environment through dispelling
of myths and stereotypes and by ensuring that HIV positive employees are treated in
the same manner as other employees;
 Offer support, counseling and education services to HIV positive employees;
 Promote peer education and counseling;
 Promote free distribution of condoms among construction workers and local sex
workers;
 Produce leaflets and road side posters about HIV/AIDs in the project road corridor;
and
 Facilitate voluntary counseling and testing of HIV status of workers and care for
people living with AIDS.
 Incidence of Malaria
In addition, there is a risk of increased rate of malaria transmission due to creation of more
mosquito (vector) breeding sites by project activities. This could affect both the local community
and project workers. Project workers coming from highland or malaria non-endemic areas will be
particularly vulnerable to this and other endemic diseases.
Mitigation Measure
 To minimize the risk of malaria infection, the Contractor shall provide impregnated
mosquito nets to all project workers in order to reduce human-vector contact. In
addition, the Contractor shall minimize potential vector breeding sites through back-
filling borrow pits and other open pits and landscaping measures to avoid stagnant
water points that could be suitable breeding sites for mosquitoes.
 Social Conflicts
The project road will attract large number of immigrants to the community which might affect the
social and cultural status of the area in terms of use of drugs, alcohol abuse, increased in
unwanted pregnancies, diseases, molestation of young girls, family disputes and conflicts.
Incoming immigrants will also take up jobs that would have otherwise been given to the local
community members. Increased population shall also exert pressure on existing resources
including water, medical services, building materials, food sources among others.
The construction work will be primarily done by a construction contractor. Hence few
construction crews especially skilled work force from outside is likely to arrive. These may

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induce local inflation. The extra influx of the workers may cause change in social structure and
may increase the crime and security problems.
Mitigation Measures
 The Contractor should establish “code of conduct” in the work camp which includes
guidelines how to behave and interact with local community and submit to ERA a plan
(mechanism and organizational structure) for handling and resolution of communities’
grievances arising from the construction processes.
 All workers will be advised during induction training to respect local customs and
traditions;
 The Contractor will use his best endeavor to maximize local hire of labor, as far as this is
compatible with relevant skill requirements and reduce the number of imported workers.
This will help to maximize the benefit distribution to the local residents and increase
social acceptability of the project;
 Provision of information regarding the project including job opportunities should be
circulated to the local population through their leaders and through word of mouth;
 Any complaints will be recorded and resolved through negotiations with the community;

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Table 6-3.: Summary of Environmental and Social Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures with Responsible Bodies for Implementation
Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

Keeping vehicles on defined tracks (access roads). Contractor

Soil compaction/ Restricting operating heavy equipment to very important RE & ESH
impairment and loss of agricultural area.
Construction operation agricultural land
Reinstate disrupted area & access roads by removal of existing Contractor
of road , bridge & other productivity
pavement material, loosening of compacted soils, and
structures construction, RE & EMU
spreading of topsoil preserved from road cuts.
construction of access ESH&SMD
roads & development Disruption of drainage Provide adequate drain pipes to avoid excessive concentrated
of material sites flooding & adverse effect flow in ditches.
(quarries, borrow) on agricultural land rural
settlement, and also
creation of conducive
habitat for disease vectors
(malaria)
There is dense coffee Loss of income generated Planting of 5 trees for each cut within the RoW after leveling
farms covered by from the coffee due to the site in collaboration with the Agriculture office Contractor & construction
canopy trees on the permanent clearance of the department and
Embankment sides are grass covered immediately and
roadside in the section plant for road Environmentalist
watering is done until grass growth.
installing drainage Construction especially in
Top soil & surplus excavated earth material shall be piled
ditches & construction cut and fill
stored and used to rehabilitate degraded grounds
vegetation
Contractor & construction
clearing for various Work only in the RoW limit to reduce site clearance impacts department and
construction activities Environmentalist
Re habilitate and replant disfigured and excavated land for

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

quarry and borrow pit,

Tree planting in the roadside & degraded areas in the road
micro Catchments
Use of hazardous Potential risk of water Preventing leakages of vehicles and construction equipment by Contractor
substances, accidental pollution resulting on regular and effective maintenance.
spill & contamination adverse effect on public
(oil, fuel, detergents, and animal health
cement), development
Avoiding water pollution by spillages of hazardous substances Contractor
of campsites & garages
through proper handling of oil, fuel, cement etc.

Notify the Environmental supervisor Consultant & ERA Contractor

ESH&SMD of any suspected or potentially spill & Consultant
contamination of ground; and in such cases surface water must
be diverted away from contaminated area, and must be
contained & treated properly prior to disposal
Avoid & strictly control disposal of used oils and other Contractor
hazardous wastes

Locating site facilities at sufficient distance far away from Contractor

streams, rivers, or community water supply sources.

Establish waste disposal site, and locate waste disposal sites Contractor
away from water supply sources, settlement, and approved by
region/Woreda environmental office

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Agaro- Beshasha Road Project.

Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

Establish sanitary facility in camp sites toilets, safe water Contractor

supply

Establish sanitary facility in camp sites toilets, safe water Contractor

supply

Construction Air pollution implementation of dust suppression measures like regular Contractor
water spraying on paved and excavated grounds, especially
while working in settlement area
Restrict operation hours of construction machineries while Contractor
operating in sensitive areas like settlement, schools etc

Ensure regular and periodic maintenance of vehicles and Contractor

machineries.

Implement occupational health safety measures Contractor

Road construction , Clearing of the natural Try to retain remnant indigenous tree species, especially the Contractor
opening of road access, vegetation remnant acacia trees found in the route corridor as far as Consultant
development of possible unless they conflict with the new dual carriageway
material sites, and route. Agricultural Office
camp, other

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

construction related
activities
Tree cutting for access road construction should be strictly Contractor
prohibited unless conditions force to do otherwise, route Consultant
selection for access to material sites.
Agricultural Office

Prohibit project workers from using fire for clearing, illegal Contractor
cutting & deforestation Consultant
Agricultural Office

Awareness and education should be provided, especially to Contractor

Dozer and other construction machinery operators

Replanting appropriate seedling for every tree lost by the Contractor

project construction including re‐vegetation of uncovered and RE & EMU
graded grounds excavated and abandoned material sites.

As much as possible, and technically feasible utilize area of Contractor

previous material sites & camp sites so as to minimize
clearing of natural vegetation

Land requirement for Land & property Make aware and provide sufficient information to PAPs on Consultant

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

opening of the new expropriation, permanent the usage of farmland either temporarily or permanently for Woreda environmental
alignment & RoW, and temporary loss of the construction works. Protection and Land Use
development of ancillary productive agricultural land Administration /WEPLUA/
The role of the consultants in land and property expropriation
sites and other (crop cultivation and grazing shall be advising the contractor to look other environmentally
construction activities land) feasible locations for material extraction, spoil dump and
other ancillary works. Also conduct quick impact assessment
when the contractor proposes land areas for quarry, borrow,
spoil disposal and other purposes and propose mitigation
measures to be implemented by the contractor and flow up its
implementation.
Allow enough time for PAPs to remove their crops (perennial Consultant
or annual) and trees.

Proper implementation of the RAP to compensation of Consultant

affected households and institutions for their loss. ERA/ WEPLUA

Give priority in the employment of casual workers for Contractor

household members of PAPs that have lost their land for the Consultant
road construction works.
ERA/ WEPLUA
Locate storage sites, spoil dumping sites, etc on degraded & Contractor
less productive land, avoid sitting in productive agriculture Agricultural Office
land as much as possible.
ERA/ WEPLUA

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

On the completion of the work clean properly and restore the Contractor
temporarily occupied land, support losing compacted land by Consultant
machinery
ERA/ WEPLUA
road construction & The river and stream on Install water facilities for the project construction and labor Contractor
employees water the road corridor polluted force purpose as appropriate, through constructing water
requirement by engine oil and harvesting ponds or drilling
sedimentation may occur Protect the water during construction of road from
during construction period sedimentation.
and the contractor Use
locally available source of
water for dust control so
can affect the water
availability at the dawn
stream.
The road is Affect houses partially Compensation as per the Ethiopian laws: ERA RoW
characterized by and fully
mainly rolling Affect utility line and
topographic feature disrupts social services
consisting of
settlement houses, Affect farm land Compensation as per the Ethiopian laws: ERA RoW
coffee plant, chat,
indigenous trees and Providing training to the PAPs on ways of securing
wetlands and grazing alternative livelihood and compensation monetary
management.
Damage different species Planting trees as soon as the project leveling the site ERA RoW

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

of trees including
endangered one
Haulage of Health impact on Limit construction traffic speeds and apply water regularly on Contractor
construction employees/community dusty roads to suppress dust levels, especially in densely
due to air pollution populated rural settlement area.
materials, excavation
(generated dust
and filling operations, Service the exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment on Contractor
& gaseous emission, regular basis to ensure that noise and exhaust emissions are
earthmoving, detour
noise), kept to appropriate levels.
and
especially in settlement
aggregate production, Restrict construction activities working hours near sensitive Contractor
areas, and also increase
especially operating malaria & water born receptors (residential areas, schools, etc.), especially with
&related diseases heavy machinery and equipment
insensitive area
Avoid stagnant water through restoration & rehabilitation of Contractor
disturbed & borrow sites
Implement measures to prevent adverse effect on local water Contractor
source, as indicated above in measures to prevent pollution

haulage of construction Safety hazards to local Provision of necessary information install speed limits, Contractor
materials, exploitation communities, animals & direction, hazard locations, sensitive sites by putting Consultant
of material sources, road users appropriate signals. Awareness training of operators of
and high fill deep equipment and construction vehicles in traffic safety
excavation works measures.
Awareness training of operators of equipment and Contractor
construction vehicles in traffic safety measures. Consultant

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

Influx of workforce for Increased public health Conduct education and awareness creation campaigns on the Subcontractor
spread and transmission of STDs and HIV/AIDS for specialist in
various construction problem, especially
construction workers and local communities living close to
activities by the project transmittable diseases such the construction camp sites. HIV/AIDS & STD
as HIV/AIDS and STD program
Provide free distribution and provision of condoms to Contractor
construction workers by the Contractor to avoid the spread of
STDs and HIV/AIDS. Consultant

Put educational posters and flyers on HIV/AIDS, using local

languages at public gathering locations, bus terminals,
schools and by road sides to minimize the spread of
HIV/AIDS.

Adopt FDRE and ERA’s Policy on HIV/AIDs, and provides

special care and support to HIV/AIDs positive staff and AIDs
patients.

Strengthen existing health facilities with professionals and

necessary drugs establish proper camping sites and secure
proper disposal of human wastes to avoid pollution of water
sources

During the project construction period, avid potential

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

breeding sites for mosquito in the lowlands by draining

stagnant & vegetated water bodies and refilling borrow and
quarries

Promote use of mosquito net by the labor force and local

people, especially in the lowland area.

Overall transport Oil spills and vehicle leakages shall be minimized through Contractor
operation, incidence regular monitoring and supervision, annual checking of Consultant
Road safety issues and vehicle conditions
accident effect on Transport & Traffic
people/resource during Police Office
project operation
Minimized vehicular accidents through implementation of Contractor
traffic and transport regulations, and ensure stability of Consultant
protection structures
Transport & Traffic
Police Office

Congestion, Jamming of Air pollution (GHG) from Proper operation of roads to communicate the new Contractor
traffic, especially in the increased vehicular gaseous carriageway at major towns Transport & Traffic
town section due to emission, and effect on
Police Office

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Responsible
Project activities Impact description Proposed Mitigation & enhancement Measures agency/organization

construction activity public health Proper traffic management in link roads through installing Contractor
signs and arranging for parking stations etc Transport & Traffic
Police Office
Training and awareness on proper use of the road both to Contractor
traffic operators drivers and local communities Transport & Traffic
Police Office

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7. MONITORING, REVIEW AND REPORTING

7.1 Incident / Accident Investigation, Reporting & Analysis

All incidents/accidents which occur during the project execution shall be reported and
investigated. The Employer and/or Contractor requirements shall be followed as much as
possible.
7.1.1 Initial Incident Notification Report

In the event of an occurrence of any incident, it shall be reported immediately to the concerned
personnel by phone, and then an Incident Initial Report or Notification Report should be made
within 24 hours.
The EHS Manager should facilitate to compile all information available and announce it to all
concerned using Initial Incident Report. The initial incident report shall be prepared by the EHS
Manager; and Project Manager has to sign the incident report to be produced within 24 hours and
submitted to the Head Office and the Client EHS Manager or its representative.
7.1.2 Incident Investigation Report

A detailed incident report that comprises the results of the investigation shall be complied and
produced to the Head Office& Client using the Incident Investigation Report.
The Incident Investigation Report should be prepared by the EHS Manager together with the
Investigation Team formed by the Project Manager and produced within 1 week to the head office
& Client Site EHS Manager or its representative upon the completion of investigation.
The EHS Manager should review the contents of the report and submit to the Project Manager for
approval.
The Incident Investigation report should also contain recommendations to prevent recurrence of
the incident.
7.2 EHS Audits & Reviews

Measurement, monitoring and evaluation are key issues of EHS management. The audit process is
intended to ensure that all activities are being conducted in accordance with established policies
and procedures; and to identify areas where there is opportunity to improve performance.
To ensure a focused approach to project reviews, the Contractor will incorporate the use of formal
auditing programs.
The Project EHS Coordinator or his designated representative shall conduct Project EHS audits
during the Project execution to ensure that:
 All project EHS requirements will be incorporated into the Project Environmental
Management Plan;
 Project procedures will be established which incorporate HSE requirements;
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 All scheduled reviews will be carried out as planned and recommendations have been
incorporated;
 All project EHS requirements will be communicated to vendors, Sub-Contractors and
partners;
 Project EHS Targets and Indicators are being maintained and met;
 All audits shall give rise to a written report and list of recommendations. The
recommendations will be tracked to completion in an action tracking system to be
maintained by the Site EHS Manager;
 The Contractor may execute HSE audit and survey together with the Sub-Contractor
audit team; and
 EHS studies and review that will be performed during the Project execution shall be in
consultation with the Employer.
7.3 Final EHS Report

An EHS Final Report, including all relevant and useful information, shall be prepared at the end
of the Project and be approved by the Employer.

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Table 7-4: Socio Environmental Monitoring Framework
Environmental Location Indicators to be Monitored Responsible Body/ Duration/
Issue/Impact Frequency of
Organization
Monitoring

Pre-Construction Phase
1  Checking all environmental and social issues and  Contractor Continuous
impacts are addressed where possible by design. monitoring

Construction Phase

1  Solid waste  Amount of waste generated at construction and  Contractor  Incident reports
 Designated landfill campsites
 Monthly
 Construction site  Amount of waste disposed at the landfill reporting
 Camp sites  Recycling of material
 Littering and contamination of environment
2  Sewage waste  Construction site  Quantity and quality of sanitation services provided  Contractor  Incident reports
services
 Misuse of sanitation services  Monthly
 Camp site services reporting
 Inappropriate disposal of human waste
3  Hazard waste  Construction site  Installation of temporary waste storage areas at each  Contractor  Incident reports
construction site including segregation of hazardous
 Camp sites  Monthly
and non-hazardous wastes
reporting
 Waste storage areas
4  Potable Water  Construction site  Misuse of water reserves  Contractor  Incident reports

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 Misuse of natural water sources  Monthly

 Camp site
reporting
 Contamination of water resources
5  Construction  Construction site  Vehicles/equipment operating at standard levels  Contractor  Incident reports
equipment and
 Excess oil, fuel, lubricant leaks and gas emissions  Quarterly
vehicle  Vehicle/equipment
reporting
maintenance  Disorderly conduct or misuse of equipment/vehicles
maintenance and
storage area

6  Worker Code of  Safety, security and orderly conduct of construction  Contractor  Quarterly
Conduct and  Construction site workers reporting
Safety
 Camp site  Accidents and unplanned events
 Conflict with local villagers
7  Sedimentation  Observation of erosion and sediments being released,  Contractor  Monthly
and erosion particularly into water resources reporting
 Observation condition and effectiveness of erosion
controls
 Evidence of storm water turbidity due to soil erosion
 Construction site from construction site to surrounding
 Borrow pit sites  Length/area of physical structures built and worked
 Cleared areas effectively to protect drains or other areas vulnerable
to erosion.
 Length of detours and access roads passes through the
land used for agricultural activity and length restored
to its original state
 Number of complaints due to road side flood

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8  Chance finds of  Visual observations of accidental discovery of  Contractor  Daily

culturally  Excavation sites culturally significant artifact or site observations
significant
 Borrow sites  Incident reports
artifacts or sites
 Construction site

9  Dust pollution  Construction site  Watering of construction sites  Contractor  Daily

observations
 Borrow pit sites  Watering of detour and access roads
 Monthly
 Cleared areas
reporting

10  Drainage and  Filling up natural water courses during construction  Contractor  Monthly
water sources  Rivers, streams and activity reporting
drainage structures  Evidence of water inundation caused by construction
 Project site and of road ground
communes surrounding  Construction, operation of water drainage system to
avoid water inundation,
11  Land and Water  Fuel leakage from fuel storage sites, causing land  Contractor  Incident reports
pollution  Fuel and bitumen pollution and mitigation measure
storage sites  Monthly
reporting
12  Review of  Number and type of community complaints on  Contractor  Daily reviewing
 Throughout the project
complaints environmental issues received
 Monthlyreporti
community influence area
ng
complaints
13  Environmental  Confirmation that training provided to staff members  Contractor  Monthly
Protection is effective reporting
Training

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14  Flora  Throughout the road  Number of endogenous trees damaged within the  Contractor  Reporting
alignments ROW width, at the borrow, quarry, detours, access quarterly
roads, campsites, and other construction facility sites
 Borrow, quarry camp
sites, detours, access  Number and type of tree seedlings raised, planted and
roads, crusher, dump, number survived or well established
stockpile and asphalt
 Number of endogenous trees affected by project
plant site
activities outside the imperative area for the project
15  Fauna  Throughout the road  Number of wildlife killed due to the road construction  Contractor  Reporting
alignments activity, movement of construction machineries, other quarterly
vehicles using the road as well as wildlife poached by
 Borrow, quarry camp
the workforces
sites, detours, access
roads
16 Land Acquisition &  Throughout the road  Area of land taken for the road construction,  Contractor  Reporting
alignments construction contractor’s site facilities, material quarterly
Restoration
sources, access and detour roads etc in comparison
 Borrow, quarry camp
with the area shown in the engineering drawings or
sites, detours, access
approved by the construction supervisory consultant.
roads and asphalt plant
site  Areas of land temporarily affected due to detours,
access roads, quarries and borrow pits, site facilities,
etc, and area of those affected sites restored after
completion of construction.
 Number of properties that compensation was paid but
not cleared from the ROW.
 Number of complaints due to impacts on damages of
properties for which compensation was not paid.

17  Waste  Camp site  Number of watercourses affected due to disposal of  Contractor  Reporting
Management spoils on river banks or river courses. monthly
 Throughout the road

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alignment  Number of watercourses protected from disposal of

 waste damping sites spoils.
 Number of waste damping depots properly located,
kept in good shape/landscaped and planted with
appropriate vegetation after construction.
18  Site Facilities  campsites and materials  Location/distance of the site facilities from any  Contractor  Reporting
(campsites and storage and processing ecologically or socially sensitive areas such as towns, monthly
materials sites water sources, schools, health facilities, etc.
storage and
 settlement areas  Number and type/condition of facilities such as health
processing)
care, potable water supply, garbage disposal, and
energy supply provided for the workforce.
 Number of borrow, quarry campsites and plant sites
properly restored when they are closed.

19  Pedestrian  Throughout the road  Construction of sidewalks and other structures to  Contractor  Reporting
passage alignments enable easy movement of people and/or animals monthly
across the road.
 Detours and access
roads  Number of complaints due to impediment caused by
the road.
 temporary access crossings provided
 Number of accidents caused to people or animals
attempting to cross the road outside the allowed
crossing points.
20  Interruption of  Throughout the road  Number of existing utility lines (water, electricity)  Contractor  Reporting
Services alignment affected monthly
 Areas or houses affected by the interruption of utility
lines

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 Number of complaints due to interruption

 Number of existing utility lines maintained or
replaced by alternative means
21  Occupational  Camp site, working  Availability of First Aid Kits and stand by transport Contractor  Incident reports
health and areas
 Workers provided and uses protective wears  Monthly
safety
reporting
 Number and severity of accidents occurred in the
construction area,
 Quality and sufficiency of water supplied for the
workforces
 Workforce affected by water borne diseases
 Maintenance of good housekeeping and waste
management of camp sites
 Awareness created among the worker group and the
surrounding community on the issue of
communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS pandemic
22  Traffic safety  Throughout the road  Availability of traffic safety personnel directing  Contractor  Incident reports
alignment traffic at the school crossing during school hours
 Monthly
 Detours and access  Number of traffic safety devices installed. reporting
roads
 Number of accidents occurred in the construction
area, and damages caused such as number of fatalities
and properties affected.
 Number of complaints due to mismanagement of
construction traffic
23  Public health  Throughout the road  Awareness created among the worker group and the  Contractor  Reporting
including alignment surrounding community on the issue of quarterly
HIV/AIDS

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pandemic  Camp site, working communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS pandemic

areas  Coverage of schools or students and the local
communities especially females covered by
HIV/AIDS pandemic education and awareness
creation campaign
 Distribution of condoms to construction workers
24  Restoration of  at the location of the  Number of borrow, quarry, crusher, campsites and  Contractor  Reporting
quarry, borrow sites plant sites properly restored when they are closed. monthly
pits, camp,
 Length of detours and access roads restored to its
crusher sites
original state
detours and
access roads
25  Gender and  Throughout the road  Number of women employed and the difficulty of the  Contractor  Reporting
child labor alignment work they are assigned monthly
 Camp site, working  Involvement of child working force in the
areas construction work
 Police station, health  Females abused or raped by the construction work
institutions, schools forces and reported to the local police
 Settlement areas  Interruption of school by female students due to
unwanted pregnancy or raped by the construction
work forces
 Increase of unwanted pregnancy

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8. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING

A key component of EMP success depends of effective capacity building through training of staff
and all others involved in the EMP, including the construction contractor and all sub-contractors.

All those responsible for the management, implementation and operation of any aspect of the
EMP shall be adequately trained for their role.

In addition, prior to an individual being allowed to work it is essential that they are trained and
educated on the project needs. During the duration of the contract this shall be both assessed and
audited on a regular basis and where found or identified corrective measures shall be put into
place.
It is therefore proposed that a comprehensive induction and training program is established that
prepares the employees for working on the job.
At each of the Project locations, the field representative will have the responsibility of ensuring
that the following are place as a minimum:
 Environmental incident response precautions and equipment.
 Fire precautions and appropriate fire extinguishers.
 First aid provision and arrangements for competent persons to administer.
 Emergency and routine hospitalization facilities.
 Project EHS Policy, goals and targets.
 Incident reporting and investigation.
 Key personnel and their contact details.

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9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMDATION

9.1 CONCLUSION

Implementation of the proposed Agaro-Beshasha road project will contribute to enhance the
transportation system in the region. By their very nature of the road construction project the
construction need maximum care must be provided during the construction phase. This road
project operation is the most important and sensitive forest and coffee producing land of Ethiopia.
The rainfall pattern data, the annual temperature, the climatic condition in general and soil type
urges the project contractor to give due attention to season of operation.

The assessment of potential environmental impacts of Agaro-Beshasha DB road is intended to

provide a highlight to the design team, construction crew, the consultant, the client and other
stakeholders to take their respective action towards avoiding or at least minimizing the
environmental impacts associated with the implementation of the proposed road project and
eventually help ensure fulfilment of the project objectives.
Moreover, this ESIA will also serve as basic reference document on its own and more importantly
for the preparation of the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) that will serve as a
general guide for all actors in the project management of environmental issues.
Agaro-Beshasha DB road project and its subsequent operation will bring a number of positive as
well as negative environmental impacts. The key potential positive environmental effects include
alleviation problem associated with dust pollution, reduction of accident risks for both motorized
and non-motorized traffic due to improved vertical grades and horizontal alignments, facilitation
of smooth traffic flows and vehicle operation cost, reduction of individual vehicle’s air and noise
pollution and better safety for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles due to provision of
standard pedestrian walkways, parking lanes and appropriate road shoulders that can be used by
non-motorized and pedestrian traffic.

The data collected for the preparation of ESMP, revealed that the construction of the road can be
accomplished with maximum care if it follows the alignment of the existing road limiting the
Row, following half width approach and cut to spoil management using borrow pits. The
contractor must implement all the recommended mitigation measure to avoid soil, water and air
pollution. The client must take into consideration the concerns related to relocation of utilities
and housing unit within the RoW. Furthermore, the project corridor is cash crop area with high
HIV/AIDS prevalence rate that requires serious attention in the control and prevention of the
virus. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are no serious environmental and social issues
that will prevent the proposed Agaro-Beshasha road project from proceeding to the

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implementation stage as long as the recommended mitigation and monitoring measures are
properly considered and timely implemented.

9.2 RECOMMENDATION

The overall impact of the project road construction on biological environment is predicted to not
significant as anticipated adverse impacts will be mitigated by properly implementing the
mitigation measures specified in this document and through proper monitoring measures during
the construction period. To ensure the proper implementation of the proposed environmental
management and monitoring actions, it is important to establish site environmental, social and
safety plan implementation unit under the contractor organizational structure.

To effectively implement the proposed actions, it should be supported by sufficient budget and
the higher management must be committed for the issues of environment at least with equal
consideration with the technical matters. The Contractor therefore needs to assign senior
environmentalist at least on an intermittent basis. Moreover, the contractor has to assign skilled
professional environmentalist and sociologist as well as a safety and health officer at site to
handle the issue and follow up the proper implementation of the ESIA recommendations and their
effectiveness, as well as incidence of any unforeseen issues and management of ESMP. On the
other hand, the Supervision Consultants also need to follow its implementation as part of its
technical works. Therefore, the consultant need to have well-planned monitoring programme for
the issues of the environment as part of the overall plan of the project and made an arrangement
for the required specialist before the commencement of the construction works.

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REFERENCES

1. EPA. EIA Guideline Document (2000).

2. EPA. Procedural EIA Guideline (2003).
3. ERA, Draft Road Safety Audit Manual, 2004
4. ERA. Environmental Procedures Manual, 2002
5. ERA. HIV/AIDS Policy, 2004
6. ERA. Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework, 2002
7. FDRE, A Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs
(Proclamation No. 295/2002).
8. FDRE. Proclamation for the Establishment of ERA, Proclamation No. 80/1997.
9. FDRE. Proclamation for to Provide for the Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public
Purposes and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005)
10. FDRE. Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use (Proclamation No.
456/2005).
11. FDRE. The Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1995
12. FDRE. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002).
13. FDRE. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation No. 300/2002).
14. FDRE. The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, 1996
15. FDRE. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, 1997.
16. FDRE. A Proclamation to Provide for the Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive
Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Proclamation No. 691/2010.
17. Fellows, R., Langford, D., Newcomb, R., Urry, S. (1983). Construction Management in
Practice. Longman Scientific & Technical. Essex.

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APPENDIX

This EMP is describing all environmental, social, health and safety concerning positive and
negative impact and mitigation measure will be taken for Agaro-Beshasha Road project.

Client: - Ethiopian Road Administration (ERA)

Contractor: - China Railway 21st Co.LTD.

Consultant: - OMEGA Consulting Engineers PLC in JV with Prome Consultants Ltd

Prepared by: - Ephrem Getahun

Qualification: - Environmental Engineer (MSC)

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