Hazards of any type are many and varied. Some have short term b.
Secondary effects
effects that can be fixed with relative ease while others last for are the result that come from the primary effects.
several years. They will only occur because a primary effect has caused
Disasters them.
Examples of secondary effects include power outages due to
have three general types of effects:
fallen trees or damaged buildings and fires from broken gas lines.
primary effects, secondary effects, and tertiary effects.
In these examples, the fallen trees and the damaged buildings
would be primary effects that caused the
power outages and fires (secondary effects).
a. Primary effects
are those effects that come directly from the incident or
disaster itself, c. Tertiary effects
are the long-term effects that are set off as a result of a
Ex. such as collapse of a building during
primary event.
earthquake, landslide or hurricane and
water damage during a flood, Landslide as a result
of typhoon
Earthquake water damage These include things like loss
of habitat,
changes in the landscape
and natural features caused
by a flood,
permanent changes in the
position of river channel
caused by flood,
crop failure or reduction due to cooler temperatures or
other interferences caused by a volcanic eruption-like the
recent Taal volcano eruption that have displaced thousands
of individuals residing along the community who were
forced to evacuate for their own safety.
The effects of disasters Infrastructure
can also be classified into four groups: In the event of a disaster, infrastructure can also be
people, homes, infrastructure and economy. destroyed. This is also connected on the fourth effect- the
economic crisis. The primary concern of the recovery phase
People
of disaster management cycle is how fast the community
Survivors from a disaster suffer psychological damages. It is can stand up again and regain their vigor to start anew.
quite hard to see someone you know perish or be dragged Destroyed infrastructure means unavailability of primary
away by strong current of flood. It is indeed traumatic to services to the community. For example, those injured and
both survivors and respondents to see dead people sick individuals have nowhere to run because of damaged
gathered together to be buried on a mass grave. What they hospitals. People neither buy some medicine nor buy basic
see during a disaster might leave them long lasting needs because the ATM’s and banks within the community
nightmares. were destroyed during the disaster.
This is where the services of psycho-trauma team take
Business/Economy
place as they conduct stress debriefing to the survivors and
responders of a disaster. This is necessary for them to be Some people doing business may be displaced from home
able to cope up and become more resilient after the onset and cannot engage in commerce anymore. The result of
of a disaster. economic damage incurred during a disaster is quite
cumulative. Business as usual will be back once the people
doing business are back again to their normal daily living.
Homes
Large number of homes are left damaged every time a
disaster occurs. It can bring a lot of varied effects to people.
Some people may find themselves having no roof above
their heads, while others find it hard to start over for at an
instance, they feel lost. That all their efforts in establishing
and building up their homes were gone and that it is next
to impossible to make it up again. Financial assistance from
the government will not be enough in rebuilding their own
place of comfort. For some, a whole part of their being is
lost upon losing their home.
Cumulative- increasing or increased in quantity, degree, or force
by successive additions.
Hurricane- a storm with a violent wind
Interference- the action of interfering or the process of being
interfered with.
Reduction - the action or fact of making a specified thing smaller
or less in amount, degree, or size.
Resilient- able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult
conditions.
Power Outage- a period or state of power failure or a power cut
Psycho-trauma - occurs as a result to a traumatic event, which
may involve witnessing someone's actual death or personally
experiencing serious physical injury, assault, rape and sexual
abuse, being held as a hostage, or a threat to physical or
psychological integrity
Stress debriefing- a specific technique designed to assist others in
dealing with the physical or psychological symptoms that are
generally associated with trauma exposure.
Terrain- A geographic area or a piece of land with physical
features
Instructions: Determine whether the following effects of disaster
is a primary, secondary or tertiary effect.
1. Loss of natural terrain 2. Physical injuries and death
3. Water damage due to floods 4. Flooding of lowlands after a
landslide
5. Collapsed structures due to an earthquake
6. Reshaping of a river channel after an earthquake
7. Crop failure or reduction due to cooler temperature
8. Damaged electrical lines due to collapsed structure
9. Power outage due to fallen trees and damaged buildings
10. Permanent relocation of a community due to an earthquake
On April 22, 2019, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake struck the island
of Luzon in the Philippines, leaving at least 18 dead, 3 missing and
injuring at least 256 others. Despite the fact that the epicenter
was in Zambales, most of the damage to infrastructure occurred
in the neighboring province of Pampanga, where 29 buildings and
structures were damaged. From the published report above,
make a diagram on how the people, homes, infrastructure and
economy are being affected by the disaster. Try this as your guide
1. What kind of disaster is represented in the picture?
or you may use another means of representation. You may utilize
2. What would be the possible effects of disaster based on your another sheet of bond paper if necessary:
given answer above? Give at least 4.
Example:
Try to remember the time when super typhoon Yolanda made
landfall in the Philippines on November 8, 2013.
1. Describe the effect of the typhoon in your community. What
were the prominent primary, secondary and tertiary effects the
disaster brought?
2. Explain how your life until now is being affected by that
disaster.
II. WHAT DID I GET? • Loss of natural terrain
• Reshaping of a river channel after an earthquake
1. a. Volcanic eruption b. Earthquake
• Crop failure or reduction due to cooler temperature
c. Transportation accident d. Typhoon
• Permanent relocation of a community due to an earthquake
2. Answers may be similar to this:
V. EXPLORE
Picture A
1. Primary effects
Crop damages, Destruction of vegetation, Deterioration of water
quality, Respiratory ailments - landslides, storm surges, damaged houses and buildings,
destroyed trees and farmlands
Picture B
Secondary effects
Collapsed buildings,
Power outage, Injured individual, Ground rupture - damages electrical lines, power outages, flooding of lowlands
Picture C Tertiary effects
Death, Anxiety, Damaged vehicles, Emotional and psychological - crop failure, restoration of electric lines, relocation of families
trauma
2. Resumption of classes were not possible. There is insufficient
Picture D food choices and water supply. Discomfort brought by power
outage for several months
Landslides, Food shortage, Damage to trees, Destroyed homes
III. APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Primary Effects
• Physical injuries and death
• Water damage due to floods
• Collapsed structures due to an earthquake
Secondary Effects
• Flooding of lowlands after a landslide
• Damaged electrical lines due to collapsed structure
• Power outage due to fallen trees and damaged buildings
Tertiary Effects
