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Final Module

The document discusses types of transformations including rotation, translation, reflection, and dilation. It defines isometries as transformations that result in congruent figures, including rotation, reflection, and translation but not dilation. The document also covers symmetry patterns including rosette, frieze, and wallpaper patterns.

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46 views

Final Module

The document discusses types of transformations including rotation, translation, reflection, and dilation. It defines isometries as transformations that result in congruent figures, including rotation, reflection, and translation but not dilation. The document also covers symmetry patterns including rosette, frieze, and wallpaper patterns.

Uploaded by

datumanongnormalah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Final Coverage

Week 1 Chapter 7: THE MATHEMATICS OF PATTERNS AND


SYMMETRIES

Transformations and Isometries

It is ideal to start with the concept of motif. Any artistic creation starts with a motif. According to Grünbaum and
Shephard, a motif is "any non-empty plane set" (1987). Any object drawn in a plane is a motif. When you repeat the
drawing of the fishnin the plane not only once, but several times, you have a pattern.

A pattern can be described as "repetitions of a 'motif' in a plane" (Grünbaum and Shephard, 1987). An isometry is the
rotation of a motif in a fixed angle about a fixed point. Each rotation of a figure is an isometry. The image of the basic
motif under the additional number of rotations is a pattern (Renee Scott, 2008).

Transformation

There are four types of transformations in the plane;

1. Rotation - turns figure about a certain point in a plane.

Rotated into 90° angle

2.Translation - slides a figure in any particular direction or distance.

Moved from one place to another

3. Reflection - mirrors a figure over a line.

The distance between the line to each figure is equal

4. Dilation - shrinks or expands a figure by some scaling factors

The figure shrinks but the shape stays the same

(basic motif here is a polygon)


There is no dilation here since all triangles are of the same size.

Translation and reflection can be combine to yield an effect shown below. This transformation is known as glide
reflection. It is a combination of a translation and a reflection.

VIDEO SIGHTING

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XiAoUDfrar0

ISOMETRIES

There are four transformations but only three of them are isometries. These isometric trabsformations are reflection,
rotation and translation. The characteristic of an isometry is that the original figure and the resulting figure after a
transformation are congruent. Dilation is a result of stretching or shrinking of an object. Hence, the new figure is no
longer congruent to the original one. This make the dilation not an isometry.
VIDEO SIGHTING

https://m.youtube.com/results?search_query=Isometries

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MtqtIiJsfiE

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oH1_NKJhzDg

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gB9n2gHsHN4

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=berpI2yH1bw

Isometries are also formed from transformations consisting of any combinations of the three operations. A
combined translation and reflection is called glide reflection. Another isometry is obtained after a reflection is followed
by a rotation as shown in the figure below. Here is how to do this transformation with a triangle. First, draw three circles
centered at the rotation point. Each circle passes through the vertices of the triangle. Rotate each of the three vertices
by any desired angle. Then connect the three rotated vertices which forms the rotated angle.

SYMMETRY

There are many objects in nature that are symmetrical. The letter M for instance is symmetrical, whereas the letter G is
not. Your face is symmetrical and, in fact, the human body too. The left and right wings of the butterfly is also
symmetrical. The leaves and the eagle as well are symmetries.

When figure is translated and then reflected, the composition of isometries in the plane is called a symmetry.
Mathematically, it simply means mapping the pattern in the plane back onto itself. There are the Rosette patterns, the
Frieze patterns, and the wallpaper patterns. The rosette pattern, has only reflections and rotations and has no
translation or glide reflections. The frieze pattern has reflections and rotations k. It also contains translation and glide
reflections but only along one line. The third type of symmetry is the wallpaper pattern which has rotations, reflections
and glide reflections. This symmetry group also has translations in two linearly independent directions.
Rosette Pattern

Frieze Pattern
Wallpaper Pattern

TESSELLATION

Activity

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