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LCA Stages

The document outlines the stages and steps in a life cycle assessment including raw material extraction, manufacturing, product use, maintenance, replacement, refurbishment, deconstruction, transportation, waste processing and disposal. Key activities and metrics calculated at each stage are resource and energy use, emissions, waste generation, costs and environmental impacts.

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Khalńaayak Ji
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38 views2 pages

LCA Stages

The document outlines the stages and steps in a life cycle assessment including raw material extraction, manufacturing, product use, maintenance, replacement, refurbishment, deconstruction, transportation, waste processing and disposal. Key activities and metrics calculated at each stage are resource and energy use, emissions, waste generation, costs and environmental impacts.

Uploaded by

Khalńaayak Ji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stage A: Product Stage

1. A1 - Raw material extraction:


• Calculation of resource depletion indicators (e.g., energy consumed, water used,
land disturbed) associated with the extraction of raw materials.
• Estimation of environmental impacts such as habitat destruction, soil erosion, and
water pollution caused by mining or harvesting activities.
• Assessment of carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from
extraction operations.
2. A2 - Transport to manufacturing site:
• Calculation of transportation emissions based on distance traveled, mode of
transport (e.g., truck, train, ship), and fuel efficiency.
• Estimation of energy consumption and associated environmental impacts (e.g.,
air pollution, noise pollution) from transportation activities.
3. A3 - Manufacturing:
• Calculation of energy consumption and emissions associated with manufacturing
processes, including electricity usage, fuel combustion, and chemical reactions.
• Estimation of waste generation, including solid waste, wastewater, and air
emissions, from manufacturing operations.
• Assessment of product-specific environmental indicators such as embodied
energy and embodied carbon.

Stage B: Use Stage

1. B1 - Use or Application of the Installed Product:


• Calculation of energy consumption during the operational phase of the product
or structure, including electricity, fuel, and water usage.
• Estimation of operational emissions such as greenhouse gases, air pollutants, and
wastewater discharge resulting from product use.
• Assessment of resource efficiency and performance metrics, such as energy
intensity, water use efficiency, and indoor environmental quality.
2. B2 - Maintenance:
• Calculation of maintenance activities' frequency, duration, and resource
requirements (e.g., labor, materials, energy).
• Estimation of maintenance-related emissions and waste generation, including
those from repair activities and replacement of consumable parts.
3. B3 - Repair:
• Calculation of repair costs, including labor, materials, and equipment required for
corrective actions.
• Estimation of repair-related emissions and waste generation, such as those from
demolition, salvage, and replacement of damaged components.
4. B4 - Replacement:
• Calculation of replacement intervals and lifecycle costs associated with replacing
worn-out or obsolete components.
• Estimation of the environmental impacts and resource requirements of new
products or materials used as replacements.
5. B5 - Refurbishment:
• Calculation of refurbishment costs, including renovation, retrofitting, and
upgrade expenses.
• Estimation of environmental benefits and performance improvements achieved
through refurbishment activities, such as energy savings, water conservation, and
waste reduction.

Stage C: End of Life Stage

1. C1 - Deconstruction & Demolition:


• Calculation of deconstruction or demolition costs, including labor, equipment,
and disposal fees.
• Estimation of material recovery rates and salvageable items for reuse, recycling,
or resale.
• Assessment of environmental impacts associated with deconstruction activities,
such as air emissions, noise pollution, and site disturbance.
2. C2 - Transport to waste processing:
• Calculation of transportation emissions and costs for transporting waste materials
to recycling facilities, landfills, or incineration plants.
• Estimation of waste processing requirements and resource recovery potential
based on material type and composition.
3. C3 - Waste processing:
• Calculation of energy consumption, emissions, and resource recovery efficiencies
associated with waste processing technologies (e.g., recycling, composting,
incineration).
• Estimation of environmental impacts and risks from waste treatment processes,
including air emissions, water pollution, and waste residue management.
4. C4 - Disposal:
• Calculation of landfill space requirements, tipping fees, and long-term
environmental costs associated with waste disposal.
• Estimation of landfill gas emissions, leachate generation, and potential impacts
on soil, water, and air quality.

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