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Effect of different levels of organic manure on the growth and yield of

mustard (Brassica juncea L.). under Jatropha (Jatropha circus L) based
agroforestry system

Article · August 2018

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 Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(4): 955-958

E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234
JPP 2018; 7(4): 955-958 Effect of different levels of organic manure on the
Received: 25-05-2018
Accepted: 30-06-2018 growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.).
Murali M
under Jatropha (Jatropha circus L) based
Department of Silviculture and
Agroforestry, Sam Higginbottom
agroforestry system
University of Agriculture,
Technology and Sciences,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India Murali M, Rajiv Umrao and Hemant Kumar
Rajiv Umrao Abstract
Assistant Professor, College of A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at Research farm, College of Forestry,
Forestry, Sam Higginbottom
SHUATS, Allahabad. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil
university of Agriculture
reaction (pH6.7), low in organic carbon (0.35%), N (230kg/ha), P(20kg/ha) and K(98kg/ha), The
technology and Sciences,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India
treatment comprised of 3 levels of FYM,VC and PM viz.T1 (control),T2 (100% FYM), T3(100%PM),
T4(100%VC), T5(50%FYM+50%VC), T6(50%FYM+50%PM), T7(50%FYM+25%VC+25%PM),
Hemant Kumar T8(25%FYM+25%VC+50%PM), T9(25%FYM+25%PM+50%VC). There were 9 treatments; each
Assistant Professor, College of replication thrice, the experiment was laid out in RBD. The result was shows that maximum plant height
Forestry, Sam Higginbottom was recorded (169.27 cm)at 80DAS, number of branches (5.26)at 80 DAS, dry Weight (76.03 g) at
university of Agriculture 80DAS and yield attributes viz., number of Siliqua plant-1(5.85) at harvesting time, number of seeds
technology and Sciences, Siliqua- (13.46) at harvesting time, Test weight (4.93g) after harvest, Seed yield (1.49 t/ha-1) after harvest,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India after harvest, Stalk yield (1.93 t/ha-1), B:C.Ratio 1:4.3, were recorded in treatment (T5 50%
FYM+50%VC). These parameters were significantly influenced by different sources and doses of
organic manure.

Keywords: mustard, jatropha, FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure, agroforestry, growth & yield

Introduction
The man has been practicing Agroforestry since he learnt the art of cultivating agricultural
crops and domesticating of livestock’s and has never stopped using trees. Agroforestry system
is not new. In fact they are very old and traditional. The only new at present is the use of the
term “Agroforestry”. It can promotes economic and environmental growth, mitigates
deforestation and prevent soil degradation and restores degraded lands in both village as well
as urban area of India (Pathak et al., 2016) [16]. It provides a different land use option,
compared with traditional arable and forestry system, and it also allows for the diversification
of farm activities and makes better use of environmental resource. Tree and animal, which are
grown in agricultural field or on field bunds, are also often and usually grown on farm
boundaries. They also help in the demarcation of the farm and field boundaries, and serves as
wind breaks and shelter belts. This system is very extensively practiced in all agro-ecological
regions of India. Under dry farming situation where the natural resources are scarce the soil
nutrient balance needs to be maintained by rotation of cereal and pulse crops in alternate years.
The tree component in agroforestry system helps to reduce the pH, EC and increased organic
matter content, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content of soil over the years
(Kumar et al., 2015) [15]. The choice of intercrop is important as the economic returns depend
on particular tree component, though the choice is also determined by the technical factors like
agro-climatic and edaphic conditions. Agroforestry system with judicious mixing of crop and
trees meet all basic requirements of mankind and ecosystem (Ranjan et al, 2016) [17]. Plant
Jatropha curcas was named first by greatest botanist Carlyon Linnaeus. Jatropha belongs to
the family Euphorbiaceae, is a medium, soft wooded, deciduous multipurpose tree of 4-7
meter in height and grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates across the developing world.
Plant displays vigorous growth in early periods. Jatropha is a morphologically diverse genus
Correspondence
that comprises of 470 species (Paramathma et al., 2004). It is used in contour planting to
Murali M prevent soil erosion or to rehabilitate eroded watersheds. Globally Jatropha is a large possible
Department of Silviculture and source of biofuel. Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the major Rabi oilseed crop of India,
Agroforestry, Sam Higginbottom occupying a prominent place being next in importance to groundnut, both in area and
University of Agriculture, production. The oil content of mustard seed ranges from 30 - 47 % and 20 - 40 % protein. The
Technology and Sciences,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India
seed and oil are used as condiment in the preparation of pickles and for flavoring curries and
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

vegetables. The oil is utilized for human consumption planting. Mustard was sowing at 45X15 cm between the
throughout northern India in cooking and frying purposes. spacing the plants between the Jatropha trees. There were a
The oil cake is used as feed and manure. Organic manures total of 9 rows of mustard within the alley of two rows of
generally improves the soil physical and biological properties Jatropha, the gross area 193.6 and net plot area 108 sizes was
along with conserving the moisture holding capacity of soil 2 x 2 m respectively. The distance between the mustard and
and thus resulting in enhanced crop productivity Organic Jatropha row was 1 m on both sides. Organic manure was
manures like farmyard manure, Vermicompost and poultry applied as per treatments 5 days before sowing respectively.
manure are good source of nutrients required by plants for FYM 8t/h, Vermicompost 4 t/ha, and poultry manure 3t/h
quality produce. It contains stable organic matter of up to elemental respectively. The recommended dose for mustard is
60%. Vermicompost helps to improve plants health, acts 80N, 40P, 40K. The organic manure was applying the furrows
preventively against fungal diseases; scientific research at 5 cm below the seedling depth before sowing at the
conducted on the effects of Vermicompost has found 30-50% recommended seed rate Mustard was 4 to 6 kg/ha and at 2.5
increase in nitrogen uptake, increase in root length, root cm soil depth. The seeds were covered with the soil from the
numbers and shoot length. Organic farming is an eco-friendly other side of furrow. Periodic hand weeding was done as and
system of farming which can maintain the soil fertility and when needed. Grain and stalk yields were recorded after
productivity Repeated studies and observation have found that proper sun-drying and tagged in bundles. Each bundle was
organic farming can withstand severe weather conditions weighed, threshed and cleaned separately and seed yield per
better than conventional farming. However organic farms plot was calculated from net plot. Grain and straw yields were
yields on average 10-15% less than conventional farming recorded separately. Moisture in the seed was 10 per cent at
system, but the lower yields are balanced by the lower input the time of harvesting. Randomly selected 5 plants were taken
cost such as fertilizer and pesticides etc. and higher profit from each plot for agronomic observations of yield and yield
margin. parameters. Test weight of 1000 seeds from each plot was
recorded with the seed yield.
Materials and Methods
The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of Results and Discussion
2017-18 at Nursery area, College of Forestry SHUATS, Growth attributes
Allahabad is at an elevation of 98m above sea level at 28.87 o The growth parameters viz, plant height, dry weight
N latitude and 81.15o E longitude. All the required materials accumulation and number of branches was affected
and facilities necessary for the cultivation are readily significantly by different levels of Organic manures. The
available in the Dept. Allahabad has sub-tropical climate with highest plant height (180.0 cm) at 80DAS were observed in
extremes of During the winter months especially December T5 (50% FYM + 50% VC,) followed byT4 (100%VC). The
and march, temp 3-50C, The annual rainfall is 1100mm, plant height was increased by applying FYM and
mostly during the winter months. The physio-chemical status Vermicompost compared to other treatment because of VC
of the surface soil (0-18cm) of the experimental site of the helps to up take of nutrients is more than compare to other
Agroforestry system under sand 70.4%, silt 12.0%, clay manures. Total plant dry weight was recorded significantly
17.6%, soil: Sandy Loam. Organic carbon:17%, Nitrogen highest dry weight (139.83g) at 80DAS in integrated
(N):43kg/ha, Phosphorus (P): 14.6 kg/ha, Potash (K): 24.5 application of T5 (50% FYM + 50% VC,). The lowest values
kg/ha, Soil pH:7.6, EC (dSm-1):0.17, Methods employed of dry weight (110.33) were recorded at T 1 control. The
Walkely and Black (1934). Recommended dose of fertilizer maximum number of branches recorded was (7.0) at 80DAS,
(80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O/ha) Organic manures: were observed with T5 (50% FYM + 50% VC).The balanced
Farm yard manure 8 t ha-1, Vermicompost 4 t ha-1, Poultry nutrient application made higher nutrients available to plants
manure 3 t ha-1. The field experiment was laid out in RBD resulted into more height. Plant height and branches growth
(randomized block design) with three replications. The and it was also supported by (Tomar et al. 2007 and yadav et
experiment comprised 9 treatment combinations consisting of al. 2013) respectively. Higher availability of essential
three levels of Organic manure (FYM 8 t/ha, PM 3t/h, VC 4 nutrients particularly nitrogen increased the plant height,
t/h). Mustard was grown within the alleys of 6 year old vigor, dry weight (Amit kumar et al, 2007) [1]. Growth
Jatropha plantation. The Jatropha trees were boundary attributes was observed in (Table 1).

Table 1: Effect of organic manure on growth attributes of mustard (at 80 das) under Jatropha based agroforestry system.
Treatment Combinations Plant height (cm) Number of branches Dry Weight (g)
T1 Control 152.14 4.73 110.33
T2 100% FYM 179.11 6.33 132.96
T3 100% PM 171.49 5.73 130.90
T4 100% VC 178.87 6.80 137.03
T5 50% FYM + 50% VC 180.00 7.00 139.83
T6 50% FYM + 50%PM 169.27 5.53 130.00
T7 50% FYM +25% VC + 25% PM 169.22 5.80 126.70
T8 25% FYM + 50% PM+ 25% VC 169.08 5.33 128.86
T9 25%FYM + 25% PM + 50% VC 165.42 5.53 123.73
F test S S S
C.D. 7.22 0.21 2.60
SE(m) 2.39 0.06 0.86
FYM: Farm yard manure, VC: Vermicompost, PM: Poultry manure, S: Significant, NS: Non-significant

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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Yield attributes (50% FYM + 50% VC) and treatment T 1 (control) had
All yield parameters including number of siliqua plant -1, significantly lowest test weight (3.39g) and followed higher
number of seeds/siliqua, test weight, seed yield (t/ha) and test weight (4.91g) was found in T 4 (100% VC). The
stalk yield, differed significantly with different nutrient significantly maximum seed yield (1.49 t/ha) was also
management treatments. In general, the higher values of yield recorded at treatment T5 and treatment T1 (control) had
parameters were recorded treatment T 5 (50% FYM + 50% significantly lowest seed yield (0.96 t/ha). The significantly
VC,). Number of siliqua per plant increased with fertility maximum stalk yield (1.93t/ha) was recorded at treatment T 5
levels and significantly highest value was recorded (5.85) and treatment T1 (control) had significantly lowest stalk yield
treatment T5 was gave significantly higher number of (1.60 t/ha). The significantly maximum Harvest Index
siliqua/plant under Jatropha based agroforestry system, (77.20%) was recorded at treatment T 5 and significantly T1
however, it remained significantly with higher value was lowest Harvest Index (60.0%). The Jatropha trees gave
followed by treatments T4 (100%VC) and treatment T 1 comparatively less competition with compare to other tree
(control) had significantly lowest number of siliqua per plant species. The yield attributes was also supported by
(207.80). The maximum number of seeds/siliqua (13.46) was (Bhagchand kansotia et al., 2013) [3]. Further, the yield
also found in treatment T 5 was gave significantly higher value parameters were significantly differed with different nutrient
and followed treatment was 100% VC. The significantly levels was shown in (Table 2). The yield was reduced with
maximum test weight (4.93g) was also found in treatment T 5 control organic manures i.e. T1.

Table 2: The effect of organic manure on yield attributes of mustard under Jatropha based agroforestry system.
Number of Siliqua Number of seeds Test weight Seed yield Stalk yield Harvest Index
Treatment Combinations
plant-1 Siliqua-1 (g) (t/ha-1) (t/ha-1): (HI) %
T1 Control 207.80 10.73 3.39 0.96 1.60 60.00
T2 100% FYM 261.26 11.60 4.90 1.40 1.86 75.26
T3 100% PM 250.93 12.13 4.66 1.12 1.78 62.92
T4 100% VC 267.73 12.53 4.91 1.44 1.87 77.00
T5 50% FYM + 50% VC 268.33 13.46 4.93 1.49 1.93 77.20
T6 50% FYM + 50%PM 241.53 12.13 4.42 1.31 1.81 72.37
T7 50% FYM +25% VC + 25% PM 237.13 12.13 4.32 1.33 1.84 72.28
T8 25% FYM + 50% PM+ 25% VC 257.53 11.86 4.14 1.25 1.75 71.42
T9 25%FYM + 25% PM + 50% VC 242.26 11.46 4.33 1.33 1.83 66.66
F test S S S S S -
C.D. 17.58 1.25 0.37 4.80 5.90 -
SE(m) 5.81 0.41 0.12 1.59 1.95 -

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was seen in treatment T5 (50% FYM + 50% VC) obtaining N, James Kungo B. Effect of organic and inorganic
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