Republic of the Philippines

ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An

Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk

The Researchers:

Pollie Jane B. Batisla-ong

Mary Therese B. Belmonte

Ruel B. Braga

Carl Vincent A. Democrito

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter I

Introduction

Background Of The Study

People love to eat seafoods, particularly scallop

shells. Since this is being thrown away after it is

eaten, and it takes a lot of time to decompose, the

researchers came up to the problem from the complexity

to minimize the seashells garbage. The researchers know

that shells contain calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) which is

the main component of chalk, and they will use it as

an ingredient in the experiment. With this approach,

chalk from scallop shell would be cheaper and eco-

friendly.

According to Kennedy, (2019), scallops are in

phylum Mollusca and are known as bivalves. These

animals have two hinged shells that are a form of

calcium carbonate. By reading articles, the researchers

learned that chalks are really from shells,

specifically from the shells of foraminifera and the

calcareous remains of marine algae (Dr. Hobart M. King)

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but not from the shells of scallop which the

researchers will try to experiment.

The researchers also acknowledge that today's world

is increasingly advanced and that they do not use

chalk as the main material on blackboards when

teaching however, some schools still use blackboards,

especially those in the provinces that cannot afford

state-of-the-art learning materials. Researchers are

encouraged to pursue this idea for the sake of

lessening the shell garbage and to help the teachers

who sometimes run out of chalk and an extra income

for fishermen.

Statement Of The Problem

This study is about the acceptability of scallop

shells as an alternative source of chalk. The

researchers are inspired to make this study since the

shells can be found mostly in seafood restaurants and

cottage of beaches that causes a lot of shell

garbage.
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Specifically, this study sought to answer the

following research questions:

1. What is the level of acceptability of chalk made

of scallop shells?

2. Is there a significant difference in the

acceptability of scallop shells as an

alternative source of chalk when taken as a whole

and classified according to gender?

Hypotheses

This study is guided by the following hypotheses:

1.) There is no significant difference in the

acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative source

of chalk when taken as a whole and classified according

to gender.

Significance of the Study

Teachers and students - products made can be of

use to teachers and students who uses blackboard.

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S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Industry - new raw materials will be available

for the chalk industry to utilize.

Fishermen - the seashells in their area that is

collected can be sold to chalk factories that can be

the additional source of income.

Future researchers - this research study can

contribute to the enhancing and enrichment of the

scientific research and provide the researcher with a

solid ground and substantial information about the

research that is being done.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The focus of this study is to make use of

scallop shells as the raw material for making

blackboard chalk. This shell is mostly seen in

seashores, seafood restaurants and even the leftovers

from the researchers’ homes that are usually dumped in

the garbage thus the researchers are recycling.

This study will determine the acceptability of

scallop shells as an alternative ingredient for chalk.

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Scallop shells are mostly abundant on late summer

which is from June and early fall that starts from

October.

The initial part of the experiment which is the

powdering of shells will be conducted in the St. Paul

School – Barotac Nuevo Sr. High School Building or at

the researchers’ home. Due to lack of financial

support, the researchers will conduct a simple

experiment regarding chalk making. The researchers will

be pulverizing the shells through burning with bamboo

and can produce a white appearance as what chalk

usually look like. The duration of the experiment will

be approximately three (3) months, from February until

April.

Researchers will have two (2) experimental set-ups,

(1) first the pulverized scallop shells and (2) second

is the commercial chalk.

This study is going to test the properties of

chalk, the hardness and porosity which is made from

the shell and it will be compared to the commercial

ones.
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S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Further, a survey checklist was distributed to the

respondents to test the acceptability of the scallop shells as

alternative for chalk.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and

operationally:

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). A compound CaCO₃ found

in nature as calcite and aragonite and implant ashes

bones and shells and used especially in making lime

and Portland cements as a gastric antacids, (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary, 1869).

In this study, calcium carbonate is a compound

which is present in shells that will be needed to

create a chalk.

Chalk. It is a type of soft, light-colored rock.

It is a substance that is made into white or colored

stick, and used for writing or drawing, (Merriam-

Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).

In this study, chalk is referred to the product

utilized from seashells.

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Plaster of Paris (POP). It is a white powdery of

slightly hydrated calcium sulfate (CaSO₄H₂O) made by

calcining gypsum and used chiefly for casts and molds

in the form on a quick setting paste with water,

(Merriam- Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).

In this study, the plaster of paris is referred

to the substance which will be mixed to the

pulverized shells to make it solid.

Porosity. The state or quality of being porous,

having small holes allowing air or liquid to pass

through, (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 14th century).

In this study, the porosity of chalk produced

will be tested to ensure the reliability of the

seashells as an alternative component of chalk.

Scallop. A type of shellfish that has flat shell

with two parts and that is often eaten as food,

(Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 15th century).

In this study, the scallops are referred as the

source of calcium carbonate and as a main component

in making chalk.
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S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

Scallop shells have been proposed as a potential

alternative material for blackboard chalk due to their

abundance and biodegradability.

However, before this can be implemented on a

larger scale, it is important to investigate the

characteristics of scallop shell chalk and its

acceptability among educators.

In this review of related literature, we will

explore existing studies and literature that investigate

the characteristics of alternative materials for

blackboard chalk and the factors that contribute to

their acceptability.

The use of traditional blackboard chalk in

educational institutions has been a long-standing

practice.

However, the production of traditional chalk

requires non-renewable resources such as limestone, which

can have detrimental effects on the environment.

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ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
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therefore, there is a growing interest in finding

alternative materials for chalk production that are

sustainable and eco-friendly.

One promising alternative material for chalk

production is scallop shells.

Scallop shells are abundant in coastal areas and

are a byproduct of the seafood industry.

Pulverized scallop shells have similar properties

to calcium carbonate, the primary component of

traditional chalk.

Thus, they have the potential to be a viable

alternative to traditional chalk.

This study aims to investigate the acceptability of

pulverized scallop shells as an alternative blackboard

chalk.

Specifically, it will examine the firmness, color,

texture, brittleness, durability, smoothness, powdery and

dustiness, and convenience of using pulverized scallop

shells as an alternative component in making chalk.

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S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the findings of this study could have important

implications for the development of sustainable and eco-

friendly alternatives to traditional chalk production.

Locals

"Feasibility of Mussel Shells as Chalk" conducted

by M.C. Arroyo, M. Calisang, and J. Ello in 2015

aimed to explore the potential use of mussel shells as

an alternative to traditional blackboard chalk.

The researchers collected mussel shells from local

markets and crushed them into fine powder.

They then mixed the powder with water, starch, and

food coloring to form a paste, which was poured into

molds and left to dry.

The resulting mussel shell chalk was evaluated

based on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness,

durability, smoothness when used to write on the board,

and dustiness.
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the study found that mussel shell chalk had comparable

characteristics to traditional chalk, with good writing

quality, firmness, and low dust emission.

The mussel shell chalk also had a smooth texture

and was easy to write with on the board.

However, the researchers noted that the mussel

shell chalk was more brittle compared to traditional

chalk, which could affect its durability.

Overall, the study concluded that mussel shells

could be a potential alternative to traditional chalk

and further research could explore ways to improve its

durability.

"Production of Chalk from Oyster Shells" conducted

by E.C. Odoemenem and E.C. Ene in 2019 aimed to

investigate the production of chalk from oyster shells

and evaluate its quality as an alternative to

traditional chalk.

The researchers collected oyster shells and ground

them into fine powder.

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S.Y. 2022 – 2023
the powder was then mixed with water, starch, and food

coloring to form a paste, which was poured into molds

and left to dry.

The resulting oyster shell chalk was evaluated

based on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness,

durability, smoothness when used to write on the board,

and dustiness.

The study found that oyster shell chalk had good

writing quality, firmness, and low dust emission.

The oyster shell chalk was also easy to write

with on the board and had a smooth texture.

However, the researchers noted that the oyster

shell chalk was more brittle compared to traditional

chalk, which could affect its durability.

Overall, the study concluded that oyster shells

could be a viable alternative to traditional chalk,

and further research could explore ways to improve its

durability.

"The Potential of Snail Shells as Chalk" by A.A.

Fagbayide and A.O. Ogundiran in 2015 aimed to

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S.Y. 2022 – 2023
investigate the potential of using snail shells as an

alternative to traditional blackboard chalk.

The researchers collected snail shells and ground

them into fine powder.

The powder was then mixed with water, starch,

and food coloring to form a paste, which was poured

into molds and left to dry.

The resulting snail shell chalk was evaluated

based on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness,

durability, smoothness when used to write on the board,

and dustiness.

The study found that snail shell chalk had good

writing quality, firmness, and low dust emission,

making it a potential alternative to traditional chalk.

The snail shell chalk was also easy to write

with on the board and had a smooth texture.

However, the researchers noted that the snail

shell chalk was more brittle compared to traditional

chalk, which could affect its durability.

Overall, the study concluded that snail shells could

be a potential alternative to traditional chalk, and

further research could explore ways to improve its

durability.
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
International

"Performance Evaluation of Seashell Based Chalk as

a Sustainable Alternative" conducted by S. Jaleel, S.

Sivasankari, and N. Thirumoorthy in 2017 aimed to

evaluate the use of seashell-based chalk as a

sustainable alternative to traditional chalk.

The researchers collected seashells and ground them

into fine powder.

The powder was then mixed with water, starch, and

food coloring to form a paste, which was poured into

molds and left to dry.

The resulting seashell chalk was evaluated based

on its firmness, color, texture, brittleness, durability,

smoothness when used to write on the board, and

dustiness.

The study found that seashell chalk had good writing

quality, firmness, and low dust emission, and was a

sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional

chalk.
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The seashell chalk was also easy to write with

on the board and had a smooth texture.

The researchers noted that seashell chalk had the

potential to contribute to sustainable waste management,

as it could be made from discarded seashells.

Overall, the study concluded that seashell-based

chalk could be a viable and sustainable alternative to

traditional chalk.

"Preparation and Characterization of Calcium

Carbonate Chalk from Eggshells" by L. Xing, H. Zhu,

and Z. Zhang in 2015 aimed to examine the feasibility

of producing calcium carbonate chalk from eggshells.

The researchers collected discarded eggshells and

cleaned them thoroughly.

The eggshells were then ground into fine powder

and mixed with water, starch, and food coloring to

form

a paste.

The paste was then poured into molds and left

to dry, resulting in calcium carbonate chalk.

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The researchers evaluated the calcium carbonate

chalk based on its writing quality, firmness, dust

emission, and durability.

They found that the chalk had good writing

quality, firmness, and low dust emission, making it a

potential alternative to traditional chalk.

The researchers also noted that the use of

discarded eggshells in producing calcium carbonate chalk

could contribute to sustainable waste management.

The study concluded that calcium carbonate chalk

produced from eggshells could be a viable alternative

to traditional chalk, with good writing quality and low

dust emission.

"Comparative Study on the Physico-Chemical

Properties of Oyster Shell and Commercial Chalk" by

A.A. Rahman, N.S.M. Shafie, and N.A. Che Lah in 2018

aimed to compare the physico-chemical properties of

oyster shell

Chalk and commercial chalk.

The researchers collected oyster shells and

processed them into fine powder.

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ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
They then compared the properties of the oyster

shell chalk with those of commercial chalk, including

writing quality, firmness, dust emission, durability,

and chemical composition.

The researchers found that the oyster shell chalk

had similar characteristics to commercial chalk, with

good writing quality, firmness, and durability. The oyster

shell chalk also had low dust emission and was

composed mainly of calcium carbonate, similar to

commercial chalk.

The researchers concluded that oyster shell chalk

could be a potential alternative to traditional chalk,

with comparable physico-chemical properties to commercial

chalk.

The study provides valuable insights into the

potential of using oyster shell chalk as an

alternative to traditional chalk, with similar properties

and composition to commercial chalk.

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Chapter 3
Methodology

Introductory

This chapter covers the research methodology. It will

consist details about the research design, the sampling

technique used, the locale of the study, the

respondents, the instruments used in the research, and

also the data gathering procedure and the data

gathering analysis procedure.

Research Design

This study aims to describe the characteristics of the

chalk made out of scallop shells and commercial chalk. The

researchers will gather data through observations and

measurements. The study will be conducted using a descriptive

research design.

Research Locale

The research study will be conducted at St. Paul

School Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Senior High School

Building located in Tabucan Barotac Nuevo. St. Paul

School was founded in 1972, It was titled as one of

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the most effective private school in the division of

Iloilo, breaking its way through the Hall of Fame

list. (Sevilla, 2015)

Respondents

The respondents of the research study will be

the random selection of 26 teachers of St. Paul School -

Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo of the academic year 2022-2023

second semester. The respondents will be coming from

different departments specifically the Elementary

Department teachers, Junior High School Department

teachers, and Senior High School Department Teachers

who teach different specializations in the school.

Instruments

The instrument that the researchers will use will

be -researcher-made questionnaire that will help the

researchers to collect data in response to the

specific information related to the study. The

questionnaire will be composed of the questions on the

acceptability of chalk made out of scallops shells with

the commercial ones.

Sampling Technique
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In order to acquire the participants of this

study, the researchers implemented random sampling.

Random sampling refers to a variety of selection

techniques in which sample members are selected by

chance, but with a known probability of selection

(Rachel Harter, n.d_). The respondents that will be

included in the study is the random selection of

teachers in St. Paul School Barotac Nuevo in all

departments since they are one of the people who make

use of chalk as their instrument in teaching.

Materials: Equipment’s:

Scallop shells Mortar and pestle

Plaster of Paris Molder

Hot water Container

Weighing scale

Strainer and Spoon

Procedure
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1) Collecting and cleaning of seashells.

2) Placing a scallop shells in a bamboo and lit it up.

3) Putting it in a water bowl to cool down and drying it under

the heat of the sun.

4) Using mortar and pestle to pulverize the shells

5) Straining of pulverized shells to eliminate unrefined

particles

6) Mixing the 200g of fine powder shells, 20 tablespoons of

plaster of Paris, 20 spoons of water.

7) Putting the mixture into a home-made chalk molder and dry

it under the sun.

8) Getting it out of the molder and ready to test it out

Data Gathering Procedure

Before conducting the study, the researchers will

send out a letter to the teachers, that will be chosen

randomly from every department, to test the 2 trial

experiment products of chalk made of seashell. After

this, the questionnaire checklist will be distributed to

the teachers who are included as respondents of the

research. Questions to be asked will include the

factors of the commercialized and the chalk made out of

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seashells. The respondents will be given a day or 2

to answer the questionnaires. Testing out the product

and letting the respondents answer the questionnaires

will take them 2 to 3 days. Then, after collecting the

data, the researchers will tabulate, analyze and interpret

the result.

Data Analysis Procedure

In order to determine the mean, the statistical tool that

the researchers will use in their research is the t-test . The

significance of the t-test lies in its ability to provide

supporting statistical evidence that may be useful in making

informed decisions based on empirical data.

In this case, the t-test can help determine if using scallop

shells as an alternative blackboard chalk is a viable

alternative to traditional blackboard chalk in terms of

writing quality.

Legend:
4.50-5.00 Highly Acceptable
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3.50-4.49 Moderately Acceptable

2.50-3.49 Acceptable

1.50-2.49 Fairly Acceptable

1.00-1.49 Not Acceptable

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ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, the researcher presents the data and the

analysis of findings. Discussion of topics is arranged in the

following subheadings.

Acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative source

of chalk.

Table 1 presents the acceptability of scallop shells as

an alternative source of chalk. The level of acceptability

of chalk is 4.74 which is highly acceptable regardless of

criteria. While on the first question about the firmness of

the chalk the mean is 4.81 which is highly acceptable as well

as based on the color that is 4.69, the texture that is 4. 73

as well as the brittleness that is also 4.73, durability is

4.92, smoothness is 4.50, powdery and dustiness which is 4.69,

easy and convenient to use that has a mean of 4.73 as well as

the Overall rating of using Pulverized Scallop Shells as an

alternative component in making chalk that has a mean of 4.73.

Hence, All of the mean of the criteria is above 4.5 therefore,

they are all highly acceptable.

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Table 1. Acceptability of scallop shells as an alternative
component of chalk.
Statements Mean Description
Firmness of the chalk 4.81 Highly Acceptable
Color 4.69 Highly Acceptable
Texture 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Brittleness 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Durability 4.92 Highly Acceptable
Smoothness 4.50 Highly Acceptable
Powdery and Dustiness 4.69 Highly Acceptable
Easy and Convenient 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Overall rating 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Entire Group 4.74 Highly Acceptable

Inferential Statistics

When gender is considered, there is no significant

difference between male, and female t=0.004, p=.951>.05.

Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted.

Table 2.Significant Difference of the level of acceptability

of the scallop shells as alternative of chalk.

Mean t-value T-prob Interpretation

Gender
Male 4.73
Female 4.74 0.004 0.951 Not significant
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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study is about the acceptability of scallop

shells as an alternative source of chalk.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following

research questions: 1) What is the level of acceptability

of chalk made of scallop shells? And 2) Is there a

significant difference in the acceptability of scallop

shells as an alternative source of chalk when taken as

a whole and classified according to gender? There is no

significant difference in the acceptability of scallop

shells as an alternative source of chalk when taken as

a whole and classified according to gender.

Findings

The findings of the study include the following: 1) the

level of acceptability of scallop shell as alternative for

chalk was highly acceptable. 2) There is no significant

difference in the acceptability of scallop shells as

alternative for chalk when classified according to gender.

Therefore the null hypothesis are accepted. ( look for studies

that can support the results.)

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Recommendations

In the light of this research findings and conclusions,

the following recommendation were advanced:

Teachers and students, this product will be of great

help specifically when using a blackboard.

Industry, scallops shell was a good alternative chalk for

the industry to utilize.

Fishermen, with the use of scallop shells an additional

income for them to uplift their way of life.

Future researchers,this research study can provide

baseline data for another scientific research.

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1. Appendices

Questionnaire

Name(Optional): ________________________Department:___________

Gender: Male ( ) Female ( )

“ The Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An

Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk”

Directions: For each statement below, please check the box

according on your satisfaction on the quality of the chalk
made of scallop shells.

5- Very Satisfied 4- Satisfied 3- Neutral

2- Unsatisfied 1- Very Unsatisfied

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Firmness of the

Chalk

Color of the

Chalk

Texture of the

Chalk

Brittleness of

the Chalk
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Durability of

the Chalk

Smoothness of

the Chalk when

used to write on

the board

Powdery and

Dustiness of the

chalk

Easy and

Convenient to

use

Overall rating

of using

Pulverized

Scallop Shells

as an

alternative

component in

making chalk
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S.Y. 2022 – 2023
Comment(Optional):

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Letter for Respondents

April 4, 2023

Dear Respondents,

Greetings of Peace!

We the Researchers of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly

STEM A, are currently undergoing a research study entitled,
“ The Acceptability Of Pulverized Scallop Shells As An
Alternative Component In Making Blackboard Chalk”.

In this regard, we humbly ask for your permission to be

part of our research study by answering our research
questionnaire.

We are fervently hoping for your positive response

regarding this matter. Thank You and God bless!

Yours truly,

The researchers:
Pollie Jane Batisla-ong
Mary Therese Belmonte
Carl Vincent Democrito
Ruel Braga
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Ms. Pia Grace Sazon

Research Instructor

Validation Letter

March 2023

Dear, Ms. Kushia Mae Cecile Tupas

Greetings of Peace!

We the researchers Pollie Jane Batisla-ong, Mary Therese Belmonte, Carl Vincent

Democrito, and Ruel Braga of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly STEM A class, are presently

conducting a research study entitled “The Acceptability of Pulverized Scallop Shells as An

Alternative Component in Making Blackboard Chalk”.

In this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to validate our research

questionnaire for our research study. Your expertise will be a great help for us in this study.

We are looking forward for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You Very Much!

Respectfully yours,

The researchers:
Pollie Jane Batisla-ong
Mary Belmonte
Carl Vincent Democrito
Ruel Braga
 Republic of the Philippines
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Ms. Kushia Mae Cecile Tupas

Research Instructor Senior High School Teacher

March 2023

Dear, Ms. Maria Hazel Parreno

Greetings of Peace!

We the researchers Pollie Jane Batisla-ong, Mary Therese Belmonte, Carl Vincent

Democrito, and Ruel Braga of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly STEM A class, are presently

conducting a research study entitled “The Acceptability of Pulverized Scallop Shells as An

Alternative Component in Making Blackboard Chalk”.

In this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to validate our research

questionnaire for our research study. Your expertise will be a great help for us in this study.

We are looking forward for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You Very Much!

Respectfully yours,

The researchers:
Pollie Jane Batisla-ong
Mary Belmonte
Carl Vincent Democrito
Ruel Braga
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Ms. Maria Hazel Parreno

Research Instructor Senior High School Teacher

March 2023

Dear, Sir Antonio Belluga Sr.

Greetings of Peace!

We the researchers Pollie Jane Batisla-ong, Mary Therese Belmonte, Carl Vincent

Democrito, and Ruel Braga of Grade 12- Mere Marie Anne De Tilly STEM A class, are presently

conducting a research study entitled “The Acceptability of Pulverized Scallop Shells as An

Alternative Component in Making Blackboard Chalk”.

In this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to validate our research

questionnaire for our research study. Your expertise will be a great help for us in this study.

We are looking forward for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You Very Much!

Respectfully yours,

The researchers:
Pollie Jane Batisla-ong
Mary Belmonte
Carl Vincent Democrito
Ruel Braga
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Pia Grace Sazon Sir Antonio Belluga Sr

Research Instructor Senior High School Teacher

Conducting the Research

 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The Making of the Chalk
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The Making of the Chalk
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The Testing of the Chalk
 Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAUL SCHOOL BAROTAC NUEVO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
The answering of questionnaires to the teachers