Unit-02

Contribution of Indic
Knowledge System to
the World

Outline of The Unit

1. Mathematics of Indic knowledge 14. Lothal,Mohan-Jo-Daro, Dholavira
system 15. Angkorvat, Lep akshi Temple,
2. Concept of Astrononmy In Indic Jagannath PuriTemple, Thanjavur
Knowledge Systen Temple, Modhera and Konark Sun
3. Life sciences Temple, Hampi Temple
4. Physics 16. Introduction of Ayurveda
5. Chemistry 17. Branches of Ayurveda, Books and
Botany Pioneers
|7. Metal Technology : Definition and 18. Concept of TriDosh and Inportance
of its Balance in the Body
Important Components
19. Importance of Balancing the Tri
8. Mining Techniques Dosha
9 Types of Metals 20. Indic Medical Science Achievement:
10. Tools and Techniques for Metal Tools & Technology
Smelting 21. Art & Traditions
II. Town Planning and Temple 22. History and Origin of Art and
Architecture Traditions
23. 64 Skill Enhancement Kalas with
12. Indigenous Tools and Technologies
for Town Planning and Temple Explanation
24. Science Behind our Traditions and
Architecture
13. Science and architecture Rituals
Multiple Choice Questions
 Multiple Choice Questions
Select the correct option from the given options.
(Answers are given in Bold letters)
(1) Who is considered the ancient Indian mathematician credited with the
development of the concept of zero and the decimal numeral system?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Bhaskara I (c) Brahmagupta (d) Varahamihira
(2) The concept of "Vedic Mathematics" is often attributed to:
(a) Aryabhata (b) Brahmagupta
(c) SwamiVivekananda (d) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
(3) Which ancient text contains mathematical concepts such as algebraic equations
and solutions to quadratic equations ?
(a) Bhagavad Gita (b) Ramayana
(c) Sulba Sutras (d) Yoga Sutras
(4) What is the value of pi (t) according to the ancient Indian mathematician
Aryabhata ?
(a) 3.14 (b) 3.1416 (c) 3.162 (d) 22/7
(5) Thefamous Fibonacci sequence, although named after an Italian mathematician,
can also be traced back toIndiarn mathermatics. What is the Fibonacci sequence !
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (b) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, ...
(c) 2, 4,8, 16, 32, ... (d) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...
 71
2" Contrtbutlonof ndicknowBedge system to the World
(t) Which aeient udian Astonomer is known tor his work "Aryabhatiya," which
diseussed various aNpets ot astronomy, includiug the heliocentric model of the
solar system ?
(a) Varahamihira (b) Bralhmagupta (c) Aryabhata(d) Bhaskara Il
() The tian unar calendar, aso known as the "Pnchang." is based on which
AstIDnoNicalsystem !
(a) Sidereal year (b) Solar year
(c) Lunar yer () Gregorian calendar
(8) n ndian astronony, what is the term "Nakshatra" commonly associated with ?
() Constellations (b) Planets (c) Eclipses (d) Asteroids
(9) The concept of "Grahas" in Indian astronomy reters to:
(a) Stars (b) Moons (c) Planets (d) Comets
(10) Which ancient lndian observatory, located in present-day Rajasthan, is known
for its signiticant contributions tothe study of astronomy ?
(a) Jantar Mantar (b) Konark Sun Temple
(c) Briladeeswar Temple (d) Kailasa Temple
(U) Which numerals make up the basis of the modern decimal numeral system that
originated in Inia ?
(a) Roman numerals (b) Arabic numerals
(c) Chinese numerals (d) Indic numerals
(12) The ancient Indic numeral system introduced the concept of zero as a numerical
digit. What was this symbol for zero ?
(a) O (b) Z (c) N (d) O
(13) The decinal place valuesystem in the Indicnumeralsystem is apositional system.
What is the value of a digit in the rightmost position ?
(a) 10tÉmes its face value (b) 100 times its face value
(c) 1/10times its face value (d) 1/100 times its face value
(14) Which Indian mathematician is often credited with the introduction of thedecimal
place value system in the 5th century ?
() Aryabhata (b) Brahmagupta (c) Varahamihira (d) Bhaskara I
(15) The Indic numeral system is often referred to as the "Hindu-Arabic nunmeral
system" becauseit was transmitted to the West through which civilization ?
(a) Persian (b) Chinese (c) Greek (d) Roman
(16) In the Indicnumeral system, what is the value of the digit "1"in the tens place ?
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1,000
(17) What is the ternm used to describe the practice of representing numbers using a
combination of digits and place value, as seen in the Indicnumeral system ?
(a) Numeral fusion (b) Numerical notation
(c) Decial symbolism (d) Place value notation
 72
Kumar'seIndic Knowledge Systerm
(18) Which of the following is not one of symbols used in the Indic numeral
the main
system ?
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(19) Who is considered the ancient Indian mathematician known for his work On
algebra and the author of themathematical treatise "Brahmasphutasiddhanta" ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Bhaskara I (c) Brahmagupta (d) Varahamihira
(20) The concept of algebraic equations and solving quadratic equations can be found
in which ancient Indian mathematical text?
(a) Bhagavad Gita (b) Ramayana (c) Lilavati (d) Yoga Sutras
(21) Which ancient Indian mathematician is credited with the development of the
concept of "Lilavati," a famous work on algebra ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Bhaskara II (c) Varahamihira (d) Brahmagupta
(22) What is the name of the method of solving quadratic equations by completing
thesquare, which was described in ancient Indian mathematics ?
(a) Bhaskara method (b) Aryabhata method
(c) Quadratic formula (d) Shridhara method
(23) In ancient Indian mathematics, what is the term "Bija Ganita" often associated
with ?
(a) Geometry (b) Trigonometry (c) Algebra (d) Calculus
(24) Which ancient Indian mathematician is known for his contributions to arithmetic
and is often referred to as the "father of Indian arithmetic" ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Bhaskara I (c) Brahmagupta (d) Pingala
(25) The concept of "Vedic Mathematics" isassociated with which ancient Indian text
that contains various arithmnetic principles?
(a) Rigveda (b) Upanishads (c) Vedangas (d) Sulba Sutras
(26) The "Rule ofThree" or "Rule of Proportion" was a fundamental arithmeticconcept
in ancient Indian mathematics. What does this rule deal with ?
(a) Ratio and proportion (b) Geometry
(c) Prine numbers (d) Trigonometry
(27) Which ancient Indian mathematician is credited with the development of a system
to findsquare roots and cube roots through successive approximation ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Brahmagupta (c) Bhaskara II (d) Pingala
(28) The ancient ndian mathematician Aryabhatamade significant contributions to
arithmetic and is known for his work "Aryabhatiya." What is the primay focus of
this work?
(a) Geometry (b) Algebra (c) Arithmetic (d) Trigonometry
(29) What is the sum of the interior angles of a triangle ?
(a) 90 degrees (b) 180 degrees (c) 270 degrees (d) 360 degrees
2" Contributionof Indic knowledge system to the World 73

(30) In a right triangle, what is the side opposite the right angle called?
(a) Hypotenuse (b) Adjacent (c) Opposite (d) Base
(31) What is the value of pi (?) approximately equal to ?
(a) 3.14 (b) 22/7 (c) 1.618 (d) 2.718
(32) If sin(thet (a) = 0.5, what is the value of theta in degrees ?
(a) 30 degrees (b) 45 degrees (c) 60 degrees (d) 90 degrees
(33) Which planet in our solar system is known as the "Red Planet" ?
(a) Venus (b) Earth (c) Mars (d) Jupiter
(34) What is the largest planet in our solar system ?
(a) Mercury (b) Venus (c) Earth (d) Jupiter
(35) Which planet is often referred to as the "Morning Star" or "Evening Star" because
it's visible shortly before sunrise or after sunset ?
(a) Mars (b) Venus (c) Saturn (d) Uranus
(36) What is the name of the spacecraft that successfully landed on Mars and sent
back images of its surface in 2021?
(a) Voyager 1 (b) Hubble Space Telescope
(c) Perseverance (d) Cassini
(37) What is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately ?
(a) 186,282 miles per second (b) 299,792,458 meters per second
(c) 1,000,000 kilometers per hour (d) 3.00 x 10^8 miles per hour
(38) Who was the first person to measure the speed of light accurately in the 17th
century ?
(a) Albert Einstein (b) Isaac Newton
(c) Galileo Galilei (d) Ole Rømer
(39) What type of eclipse occurs when the Earth comes between the Sun and the
Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon ?
(a) Solar eclipse (b) Lunar eclipse (c) Total eclipse (d) Annular eclipse
(40) During a solar eclipse, which part of the Sun is visible around the Moon's
silhouette
(a) Corona (b) Photosphere (c) Chromosphere (d) Sunspots
(41) Whois known as the "Father of Indian Nuclear Physics" ?
(a) Homni Bhabha (b) C.V. Raman
(c) Satyendra Nath Bose (d) Jagadish Chandra Bose
(42) What is the name of the ancient Indian text that discusses various aspects of
physics and astronomy ?
(a) Bhagavad Gita (b) Arthashastra
(c) Sushruta Samhita (d) Aryabhatiya
74
Kumars Indic Knowledge System
(43) Which Indian scientist
a was instrumental in the development of the Raman Effect
(a)phenomenon
in
Jagadish spectroscopy ?
Chandra Bose (b) C.V. Raman
(c) Srinivasa Ramanujan
(44) The concept of "Rasas" in Avurveda is most(d) Satyendra Nath Bose
closely related to which branch of
chemistry?
(a) Organic Chemistry
(c) Physical Chemistry (b) Inorganic Chemistry
(d) Analytical Chemistry
(45) Which Indian scientist is known for his
chemistry and is often referred to as thepioneering work in the field of organic
"Father of Indian Chemistry" ?
(a) Srinivasa Ramanujan
(c) C.V. Raman (b) Jagadish Chandra Bose
(46) Which ancient Indian text (d) Prafulla Chandra Ray
contains detailed information on various chemical
processes, including metallurgy and dyeing ?
(a) Charaka Samhita
(b) Arthashastra
(c) Rigveda
(47) (d) Nagarjuna's writings
Theancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda,
categories based on their medicinal properties ? classifies plants into how many
(a) Three (b) Five (c) Seven (d) Nine
(48) Who is known as the "Father of
Indian Botany" and authored the book "Flora
Indica"?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Sushruta (c) Charaka
(49) Which plant,commonly found in India, is (d) Carl Linnaeus
known for its extensive use in Ayurvedic
medicine and is often referred to as the "Indian Ginseng" ?
(a) Amla (Indian Gooseberry)
(b) Ashwagandha
(c) Neem
(d) Tulsi (Holy Basil)
(50) What is the process of heating and
cooling a metal to improve its properties like
hardness and toughness called ?
(a) Casting (b) Forging (c) Annealing
(51) Which of the following metals is not (d) Machining
(a) Steel
considered ferrous metal ?
a
(b) Iron (c) Copper (d) Stainless steel
(52) What is the primary alloying element in bronze ?
(a) Zinc (b) Tin (c) Copper
(53) Which metal is known for its excelent (d) Aluminum
electrical conductivity and is commonly
used in electrical wiring ?
(a) Aluminum (b) Copper (c) Iron
(54) What process involves immersing steel in a bath of molten (d) Zinc
zinc to protectit from
corrosion ?
(a) Galvanizing (b) Tempering (c) Hardening (d) Anodizing
 Contribution of Indic
2" knowledge system to the World 75

(55) Which of the following is a non-ferrous metal commonly used for aircraft
construction due to its light
(a) Lead
weight and strength ?
(b) BraSs (c) Aluminum (d) Nickel
C What is the primary purpose of heat treatment in
metallurgy ?
(a) To increase electrical conductivity (b) To improve corrosion
resistance
(c) To alter the mechanical properties of the metal
(d) To make the netal more ductile
(57) Which typeof welding uses aconsumable electrode and is often usedfor joining
steel structures?
(a) TIG welding (b) MIG welding (c) Arc welding (d) Gas welding
(58) What type of metalworking process involves cutting away material from a
workpiece using a rotating cutter?
(a) Forging (b) Casting (C) Machining (d) Annealing
(59) What is the process of shaping metal by applying compressive force through a
die called ?
(a) Casting (b) Forging (c) Extrusion (d) Rolling
(60) Which of the following metals is a transitíon metal commonly used in electrical
wiring due to its high conductivity ?
(a) Copper (b) Aluminum (c) Gold (d) Zinc
(61) What type of metal is primarily used in the production of aircraft due to its
lightweight and high strength-to-weight ratio ?
(a) Iron (b) Brass (c) Steel (d) Aluminum
(62) Which metal is often alloyed with copper to create bronze ?
(a) Tin (b) Zinc (c) Lead (d) Nickel
(63) What is the main alloying element in stainless steel that gives it its resistance to
corrosion andstaining?
(a) Chromium (b) Nickel (c) Copper (d) Iron
(64) Which metal is a non-ferrous metal commonly used in batteries due to its ability
to store and release electrical energy ?
(a) Lithium (b) Silver (c) Titanium (d) Platinum
66) What type of metal is used as a protective coating for iron and steel to prevent
rusting?
(a) Aluninum (b) Copper (c) Zinc (d) Gold
(b6) Which metal is known for itsexcellent heat resistance and is used inaerospace
and high-temperature applications ?
(a) Lead (b) Copper (c) Titanium (d) Tungsten
o) What is the primarymetal used in the production of coins in the United States?
(a) Gold (b) Silver (c) Copper (d) Nickel
 Indic Knowledge Syster
76 Kumar's
casting engine
automotive industry for
(68) Which metal is commonly used in the heat resistance
?
and
blocks and cylinder heads due to its high strength (d) Tin
(b) Brass (c) Zinc
(a) Aluminum
(69) What metal is often alloved with iron to create steel f (d) Silver
(b) Nickel (c) Chromium
(a) Copper
process of extracting metal from its ore by heating lt to a high
(r0) What is the
temperature in the presence of areducing agent called? (d) Forging
(b) Smelting (c) Annealing
(a) Alloying
following is not a commonly used reducing agent in metal smelting ?
(71) Which of the (d) Limestone
(a) Charcoal (b) Coke (c) Oxygen
traditional metal smelting, what is the substance that is added to help remove
(72) In
impurities from the molten metal ?
(c) Ore (d) Ingot
(a) Flux (b) Slag
smeltingiron ore into pig ron?
(73) What type of furnace is typicallyused for
(a) Blast furnace (b) Electricarc furnace
(d) Reverberatory furnace
(c) Cupola furnace
electricity to melt and refine
(74) Which metal smelting technique involves the use of 8
metals ?
(a) Cupellation (b) Electrolysis
(c) Calcination (d) Cupola smelting
process ?
(75) What is the primary purpose of adding flux during the smelting
(a) To increase the melting point of the ore
(b) To reduce the melting point of the ore
(c) To increase the strength of the metal
(d) To remove impurities and form slag
(76) Which metal is commonly smelted from bauxite ore using the Bayer process ?
(a) Copper (b) Aluminum (c) Gold (d) Iron
(77) What is the term for the solid mass of metal that is obtained after smelting and
cooling in a mold?
(a) Ingot (b) Slag (c) Ore (d) Alloy
(78) In which ancient civlization was the technique of metal smelting and casting
first developed
(a) Egyptian (b) Indus Valley (c) Sumerian (d) Chinese
(79) What is the name of the process that involves heating a metal to a high
temperature and then cooling it slowly to remove internal stresses and improve
its hardness ?
(a) Smelting (b) Quenching (c) Tempering (d) Annealing
2" Contribution of Indic knowledge system to the World 77

(S0) Which ancient Indian city is famous for its welll-planned streets, drainage system,
andwater management ?
(a) Harappa (b) Mohan-Jo-Daro(c) Taxila (d) Varanasi
&) The concept of Vastu Shastra' in town planning primarily focuses on :
(a) Spiritual harmony (b) Aesthetic beauty
(c) Structural stability (d) Economic prosperity
82) The ancient town of Pataliputra, now known as Patna, was an important center
during the reign of which dynasty ?
(a) Gupta (b) Maurya (c) Chola (d) Mughal
(83) In the context of ancient Indian town planning, what was a 'Nagara' style of city
characterized by?
(a) Circular layout (b) Gridiron street plan
(c) Radiating streets from a central point
(d) Fortified walls
(84) Which Indian emperor is credited with the construction of the famous 'Great
Stupa' at Sanchi, which reflects advanced town planning principles ?
(a) Ashoka (b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Samudragupta (d) Akbar
(85) The Shikhara' or tower-like structure found on top of many Indian temples is
called :
(a) Vimana (b) Garbhagriha (c) Mandapa (d) Gopuram
(86) Which architectural style is associated with the Khajuraho Group of Monuments,
kiown for their intricate and erotic sculptures ?
(a) Dravidian (b) Nagara (c) Pala (d) Chola
(87) What is the purpose of the 'Mandapa' in Indian temple architecture ?
(a) It houses the main deity. (b) It serves as an entrance porch.
(c) It is where the priest conducts rituals.
(d) It contains the temple treasury.
(88) The Konark Sun Temple in Odisha is famous for its unique chariot-shaped
architecture. Which dynasty is it associated with ?
(a) Chola (b) Hoysala (c) Pallava (d) Ganga
(89) The Kailasa Temple in Ellora is notable for being :
(a) A Buddhist cave temple (b) A Jain cave temple
(c) A Hindu cave temple (d) A multi-religious cave temple
(90) What ancient text is considered the foundational work in Indian architecture and
town planning ?
(a) Arthashastra (b) Vastu Shastra (c) Bhagavad Gita (d) Manusmriti
 78
Kumar's" Indic Knowledge
System
(91) The construction of the famous astronomical observatory, Jantar Mantar. was
commissioned by which Indian king?
(a) Akbar (b) Ashoka
(c) Raja Raja Chola (d) Maharaja SawaiJai Singh II
(92) Which mathematical concept., essential in architecture and astron0my, was first
described by the ancient Indian mathematician Aryabhata
(a) Algebra (b) Calculus (c) Zero (d) Geometry
(93) The famous 'Iron Pillar of Delhi' stands as a testament to ancient Indian
metallurgical expertise. It was constructed during the reign of which dynasty ?
(a) Gupta (b) Maurya (c) Chola (d) Mughal
(94) In ndian temple architecture, what does the term 'Murti' refer to ?
(a) The temple'souter facade (b) The temple's sanctum sanctorum
(c) The temple's tower (d) The temple's courtyard
(95) Which ancient Indian scientist isoften referred toas the "Father of Medicine" for
his contributions to the field of medicine and surgery ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Sushruta (c) Charaka (d) Varahamihira
(96) The concept of 'Ayurveda' primarily deals with:
(a) Astronomy (b) Medicine and healing
(c) Mathematics (d) Architecture
(97) The 'Surya Siddhanta' is an ancient Indian text that primarily focuses on:
(a) Astronomy and timekeeping (b) Mathematical theorems
(c) Medical treatments (d) Architectural principles
(98) Which Indian mathematician and astronomer is known for his accurate calculation
of the value of pi (?3)?
(a) Brahmagupta (b) Bhaskara I (c) Aryabhata (d) Varahamihira
(99) The concept of 'Zero' (0) as anumerical digitwas first introduced and developed
in ancient India. What Sanskrit word is often used to refer to zero ?
(a) Shunya (b) Ekam (c) Trini (d) Chatur
(100) Angkor Wat, a renowned temple complex, is located in which modern-day
country ?
(a) Thailand (b) India (c) Cambodia (d) Myanmar
(101) Angkor Wat was originally built as a Hindu temple dedicated to which deity ?
(a) Lord Shiva (b) Lord Vishnu (c) Lord Brahma (d) Lord Ganesha
(102) Lepakshi Termple, known for its magnificent architecture and stunning sculptures,
is located in which Indian state ?
(a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Kerala
 Cotrlbutlon of Indle knowledye system to the World 79

lhe dsttnctlve feature of the

entirely made of wood.
Lepakahi Temple that makes it unique ?
(b) Ithas a hanging pillar.
(0) Ia ndergrond, (d) It has a golden dome.
(104)The lugannah 'url emple ls one of the Char Dham plgrimaye sites and
is
dedlcatod to Loxt Jugannath, In which Indian state is it Jocated ?
(a) Went lBongal (b) Odinha (c) Bihar (d) Uttar Pradesh
(16) WhitInthe annual kath Yatra associated with the Jagannath Purf Temple ?
(a) Achurlot loslval (b) Awater purification rítual
(c) Amedltatlon rotreat (d) Amusíc and dance festival
(100) The Bladeshwara Temple, also known as the Thanjavur Temple, is dedícated to
whlch Hindu delty ?
(a) Lord Slhlva (b) Lord Vishnu (c) Lord Krishna (d) Lord Rama
uoZ)The Thanjavar Temple is famous for its monumental tower or "Vimana." What
material was primarily used in its construction ?
(a) Sandstone' (b) Marble (c) Granite (d) Limestone
u09) The Sun 'Templeat Modhera is dedicated to the Sun God. In whích Indian state
Is it located ?
(a) Rajustlhan (b) Gujarat
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Uttar Pradesh
(109) What architectural style is the Modhera Sun Temple known for ?
(a) Nagara (b) Dravidian (c) Mughal (d) Hoysala
(L10) The Konark Sun Temple in Odisha is famous for its unique chariot-shaped
architecture.Which dynasty is it associated with ?
(a) Chola (b) Hoysala (c) Pallava (d) Ganga
(|l1) What is the main purpose of the Konark Sun Temple ?
(a) A place for royal coronations (b) A center for trade and commerce
(c) An astronomical observatory (d) A placeof worship for the Sun God
(12) The ruinsof Hampi, a UNESCO WorldHeritage Site,are known for their historical
and architectural significance. In which Indian state is Hampi located?
(a) Kerala (b) Karnataka
(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Tamil Nadu
13) The Virupaksha Temple isa prominent religious structure in Hampi. Which deity
is worshiped in this temple ?
(a) Lord Rama (b) Lord Shiva (c) Lord Krishna (d) Lord Vishnu
(14) Lothal, an ancient ndus Valley Civilization site, is located in which modern-day
country ?
(a) India (b) Pakistan (c) Bangladesh (d) Afghanistan
80 Kumar's e Indic Knowledge System
(I5) What was the primary economicactivity associated with Lothal :
(a) Agriculture (b) Trade and commerçe
(c) Fishing (d) Textile production
(T6) Mohenjo-Daro isone of the most well-known cities of the IndusValley CIVlization,
Inwhich modern-day country is Mohenjo-Daro: located ? (d) Sri Lanka
(a) India (b) Pakistan (c) Nepal
(117) What is the distinctive feature of the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro
(a) It is a place of worship. (b) Itis a royal palace.
(c) It is a public bathing area. (d) It is an ancient marketplace.
(118) Dholavira, another significant Indus Valley Civilization site, is situated in which
Indian state ?
(a) Gujarat (b) Rajasthan (c) Haryana (d) Punjab
(119) Dholavira is known for its advanced water management system. What is he name
given to the large reservoirs found at the site ?
(b) Baolis (c) Tanks (d) Sarovars
(a) Stepwells
(120) What does the term "Ayurveda" mean in Sanskrit ?
(a) The science of life (b) The art of cooking
(c) The study of ancient texts (d) The practice of meditation
(121) Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine in the world. Which of the
following civilizations is credited with its origin ?
(a) Egyptian (b) Chinese (c) Indian (d) Greek
(122) How many primary branches or specialties are there in Ayurveda ?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
(123) Which of the following is NOT one of the eight primary branches of Ayurveda ?
(a) Shalakya Tantra (Eye and ENT)
(b) Prasuti Tantra (Obstetrics and Gynecology)
(c) Rasayana Tantra (Rejuvenation Therapy)
(d) Ayur-Muscleology
(124) The foundational text of Ayurveda that discusses the principles and practices of
this ancient system is known as:
(a) Ramayana (b) Mahabharata
(c) Charaka Samhita (d) Bhagavad Gita
(125) Whois considered the father of Ayurveda and is credited with compiling the
Charaka Samhita ?
(a) Sushruta (b) Charaka (c) Vagbhata (d) Patanjali
(126) Another important Ayurvedic text, the Sushruta Samhita, is primarily focused on:
(a) Herbal medicine (b) Surgery and surgical techniques
(c) Yoga and meditation (d) Ayurvedic cooking
 81
20,Contribution of Indic knowledge system to the World
Which ancient Indian physician is known for his contributions to the field of
(127) Ayurvedic surgery and is often referred to as the "father of surgery"?
(a) Charak (b) Patanjali (c) Sushruta (d) Vagbhata
Samhita,"
Which ancient Indian sage is credited with compiling the "Charaka
(128) one ofthe foundational texts of Ayurveda ?
(a) Charaka (b) Sushruta (d) Bhagavad Gita
(c) Patanjali
(129)The "Sushruta Samhita" primarily focuses on which aspect
of Ayurveda ?
(a) Herbal remedies (b) Internal medicine
(c) Surgical techniques (d) Yoga and meditation
Who is often regarded as the "Father of Surgery" in Ayurveda due to his
(130)
contributions to surgical knowledge ?
(a) Charaka (b) Sushruta (c) Patanjali (d) Bhagavad Gita
which ancient
13)The "Ashtanga Hridaya" is a famous Ayurvedic text attributed to
Indian scholar ?
(a) Charaka (b) Sushruta (c) Vagbhata (d) Atrayana
foundational work
(132) Which of the following textsis not related to Avyurveda but is a
in the field of yoga philosophy ?
(a) Charaka Sanhita (b) Sushruta Samhita
(c) Patanjali's Yoga Sutras (d) Bhagavad Gita
(133) Who wrote the ancient text "Bhela Samhita," another important Ayurvedicwork?
(a) Bhela (b) Charaka (c) Sushruta (d) Patanjali
(134) "Rasa Shastra" in Ayurveda deals with the preparation and use of :
(a) Mantras (b) Herbs and minerals
da
(c) Mudras (d) Meditation techniques
(135) The concept of "Tridosha" in Ayurveda refers to which three fundamental energies
or principles ?
(a) Kapha, Vata, and Pitta (b) Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas
(d) Jnana, Bhakti, and Karma
(c) Prana, Apana, and Udana
(136) The "Madhavanidana" is a classical text in Ayurveda that primarily focuses on:
(a) Diagnosis and classification of diseases
(b) Herbal remedies
(c) Surgical techniques (d) Meditation practices
(137) Who is considered the author of the ancient Ayurvedic text "Kashyapa Samhita" ?
(a) Charaka (b) Sushruta (c) Kashyapa (d) Bhagavad Gita
(138) In Ayurve da, what are the tree primary doshas that govern a person's constitution
and health?
(a) Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas (b) Prana, Apana, and Udana
(c) Kapha, Vata, and Pitta (d) Jnana, Bhakti, and Karma
82
Indic Knowledge
Kumar's
System
(l39) Which dosha is associated with qualities like cold, dry, light, and airy in Ayurveda ?
(a) Kapha (b) Vata (c) Pitta (d) Sattva
(140) The concept of Tridosha helps in
(a) Astrology understanding :
(b) Meditation techniques
(c) A person's physical and mental constitution
(d) Modern physics
(141) When all three doshas are in balance, it signifies a state of :
(a) Illness (b) Disease (c) Health (d) Confusion
(142) Excessive intake of spicy and hot foods is likely to aggravate which dosha ?
(a) Kapha (b) Vata (c) Pitta (d) Sattva
(143) Which dosha is related to the elements of water and earth and is
associated with
qualities like heavy, cold, and moist ?
(a) Kapha (b) Vata (c) Pitta (d) Rajas
(144) The balance of the doshas is essential for
(a) Physical and mental health maintaining :
(b) Wealth and prosperity
(c) Social status
(d) Religious beliefs
(145) Ayurveda suggests personalized approaches to diet, lifestyle, and
on a person's : healthcare based
(a) Birthplace (b) Gender
(c) Prakriti (constitution) (d) Zodiac sign
(146) Which dosha is associated with the qualities of hot, sharp, and intense and is
responsible for metabolic processes in the body ?
(a) Kapha (b) Vata (c) Pitta
(147) The concept of Tridosha reflects the (d) Tamas
(a) Nature and the universe interconnectedness of the individual with:
(b) Religious practices
(c) Modern technology (d) Sports and physical activities
(148) What ancient Indictext isconsidered one of the
detailing principles of medicine and healthcare foundational
?
works in Ayurveda,
(a) Mahabharata
(c) Charaka Samhita
(b) Bhagavad Gita
(d) Ramayana
(149) Which of the following is a traditional
prominence in ancient India ?
Indic surgical technique that gained
(a) Allopathy (b) Naturopathy
(c) Ayurveda (d) Sushruta Samhita
(150) The conceptof "Prana" in Indic medicine is associated
with:
(a) Physical exercises (b) Life force or
(c) Herbal remedies energy
(d) Surgical instruments
 83
Contribution of Indic knowledge system to the World
20
century CE, played
(151)What ancient Indic system of numeration, developed initthe 6th treatments ?
a crucial role in the calculations and prescriptions of Ayurvedic
(a) Roman numerals (b) Mayan numerals
(c) Arabic numerals (d) Vedicnumerals
Which ancient Indic scholar is credited with the formulation of the doctrine of
(152)
Tidosha," which is central to Ayurvedic medicine ?
(a) Aryabhata (b) Charaka (C) Sushruta (d) Patanjali
medicine, involves the
(153) What tool or technology, historically used in Indic
examination of one's pulse to diagnose health conditions ?
(a) Stethoscope (b) Blood pressure cuff
(c) Pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksh(a)) (d) Thermometer
to
154) In Ayurveda, the five elements (Pancha Mahabhutas) are fundamental
understanding health and disease. Which of the following is NOT one of the five
elements ?
(a) Earth (b) Air (c) Water (d) Metal
(155) The"Dhatu" system in Ayurvedacategorizes body tissues into how many primary
types ?
(a) Three (b) Five (c) Seven (d) Nine
(156) The traditional Indian practice of Yoga is closely associated with Ayurveda and is
used for promoting health and well-being. What does the word "Yoga" mean ?
(a) Physical exercise (b) Union or integration
(c) Meditation (d) Herbal treatment
(157) Which ancient Indian physician is known as the "Father of Surgery" and authored
the Sushruta Samhita, a foundational text in surgical practices ?
(a) Charaka (b) Patanjali (c) Sushruta (d),Aryabhata
(158) The oldest known texts of ancient Indian knowledge systems, including philosophy
and spirituality, are called :
(a) Upanishads (b) Vedas (c) Ramayana (d) Mahabharata
(159) The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the vworld's oldest urban civilizations, was
primarily located in what modern-day region ?
(a) Indus River Valley (b) Ganges River Basin
(c) Deccan Plateau (d) Himalayan Mountains
(L60) Which ancient Indian epic, attributed to the sage Valmiki, tells the story of Lord
Rama and is a significant part of Indic literary tradition?
(a) Mahabharata (b) Bhagavad Gita (c) Ramayana (d) Rigveda
(ubl) The ancient Indic system of medicine, which emphasizes the balance of bodily
humors and natural remedies, is known as :
(a) Yoga (b) lidanta (c) Ayurveda (d) Tantra
84 Kumar's Indic Knowledge System
(162) The ancient scriptused for writing Sanskrit and other Indianlanguages is called:
(a) Hieroglyphics (b) Devanagari (c) Cuneiform (d) Latin script
(163) The Indian mathematical system, which introduced the concept of Zero and ne
decimal place value system to the world, is known as :
(a) Algebra (b) Geometry
(c) Trigonometry (d) Hindu-Arabic numerals
(164) The "Four Noble Truths" and the "Eightfold Path" are fundamental teachings
associated with which ancient Indic spiritual tradition ?
(a) Jainism (b) Hinduism (c) Buddhism (d) Sikhism
(165) The ancient Indian system of philosophy that emphasizes self-realization and
the union of individual consciousness with the universal consciousness is known
as :

(a) Yoga (b) Vedanta (c) Tantra (d) Jainism

(166) The ancient treatise on the science of architecture and town planning in India is
called :
(a) Arthashastra (b) Manusmriti
(c) Shilpa Shastras (d) Sushruta Samhita
(167) Which emperor, known for his patronage of Buddhism and spread of Indic culture, d
ruled a vast empire in ancient India and beyond during the 3rd century BCE ?
(a) Ashoka (b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Akbar (d) Harsha
(168) What does the term "Kala" refer toin the context of Indian knowledge systems ?
(a) A type of food preparation (b) A form of traditional dance
(c) A skill or art (d) A musical instrument
(169) Which Indian philosophical system emphasizes skill and krnowiedge enhancement
as a path to self-realization ?
(a) Yoga (b) Buddhism (c) Jainism (d) Hinduism
(170) Which of the following is NOT considered one of the 64 Kala in Indian knowledge
systems ?
(a) Pottery (b) Painting (c) Astronomy (d) Bicycle repair
(171) In Indian culture, the term "Shilpashastra" is associated with:
(a) The science of sculpture and architecture
(b) The study of ancient scriptures
(c) Traditional medicine (d) Astrology
(172) Which ancient Indian text is known for its detailed descriptions of various skills
and arts, including the 64 Kala?
(a) Bhagavad Gita (b) Arthashastra
(c) Natya Shastra (d) Rigveda
20 Contribution of Indic knowledge system tothe World 85

(173) Accoranglo Trãatonal Indian knowledge systems, how can one attain mastery
in the 64 Kala?
(a) Through formal education only (b) By inheriting it from one's ancestors
(c) Through rigorous practice and dedication
(d) By seeking divine intervention
(174) Which famous Indian historical figure is often associated with promoting and
preserving traditional Indian knowledge and arts, including the 64 Kala ?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Swani Vivekananda (d) Subhas Chandra Bose
(175) Why do many Indian rituals involve lighting oil lamps or diyas during religious
ceremonies ?
(a) To create a sacred ambiance (b) To ward off evil spirits
(c) To provide illumination in dark temples
(d) To generate positive energy through light and fire
(176) The practice of touching the feet of elders and gurus in Indian culture is based
On:
(a) A sign of submission (b) Traditional etiquette
(c) Scientific benefits for mental well-being
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(177) What is the scientific rationale behind the tradition of applying tilak or bindi on
the forehead ?
(a) It signifies marital status (b) It enhances beauty
(c) It stimulates a specific acupressure point
(d) It represents caste identity
(178) During festivals like Holi and Diwali, people often use natural powders and herbs
for color and decoration. What is the scientific reason behind this ?
(a) To purify the air
(b) To discourage the use of chemical dyes
(c) To keep insects away
(d) To make the environment more vibrant
(179) In Ayurveda, the tradition of drinking warm water with spices like ginger and
turmeric is believed to have health benefits. What is the scientific basis for this
practice ?
(a) Itaids in digestion and metabolism
(b) It helps in maintaining body temperature
(c) It wards off evil spirits
(a) It enhances the taste of water
 Knowledge System
86 Kumar's Indic
a
common practice in
(180) Why is fasting during festivals and religious observances
India ? resources
and
(a) It helps in detoxifying the body (b) Itsaves time
gain
(c) It is a form of penance (d) Itpromotes weight rituals is
of religious
(181) The practice of performing yoga and meditation as part
believed to :
(a) Strengthen the mind and body (b) Appease the gods
(c) Demonstrate humility (d) Increase body weight
knowledge system
(182) What do the "64 Kalas" refer to in the Indian
(a) 64 historical events (b) 64 sacred texts
64 spiritual
(c) 64 arts and skills (d)
practices
most commonly associated
(183) In which cultural context are the "64 Kalas"
(a) Chinese philosophy (b) Greek mythology
(c) Indian tradition (d) Egyptian civilization
?
(184) The "64 Kalas" cover expertise in which of the following areas
(a) Only visual arts (b) Only literature
(c) A wide range of arts, skills, and knowledge
(d) Only martial arts
Kalas" ?
(185) What does the number "64" symbolize in the context of the "64
(a) The age at which one achieves mastery
(b) The number of days in a lunar calendar cycle
(c) A comprehensive range of attributes and talents
(d) The number of deities in Hindu mythology
(186) Which of the following is not an example of a "64 Kala"?
(a) Poetry (b) Pottery (c) Philosophy (d) Painting
(187) The "64 Kalas" are deeply rooted in which ancient Indian language ?
(a) English (b) Sanskrit (c) Hindi (d) Tamil
(188) Which historical Indian text mentions the concept of "64 Kalas" ?
(a) Mahabharata (b) Ramayana (c) Bhagavad Gita (d) Rigveda
(189) How are the "64 Kalas" significant in the context of Indian cultural heritage ?
(a) They are mentioned in modern academic textbooks.
(b) They highlight the diversity and richness of traditional skills and arts.
(c) They were created recently for promotional purposes.
(d) They are mainly associated with a single region of India.
(190) What architectural style is commonly associated with the famous Angkor Wat
temple in Cambodia ?
(a) Gothic (b) Byzantine (c) Hindu (d) Khmer
 2oContribution of Indic knowledge system to the World 87
(191)The Konark Sun Temple in lndia is known for its intricate stone carvings and is
dedicated to which solar deity?
(a) Surya (b) Ravi (c) Agniexample of (d) Chandra
(192) The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is a well-known temple architecture
from which historical period in India ?
(a) Mauryan Empire (b) Gupta Empire
(c) Mughal Empire (d) Chola Dynasty
(193) The "Garbhagriha" in a Hindu temple refers to :
ial The central hall for congregational worship.
(b) The tower or spire above the main shrine.
(c) The entrance gate or doorway of the temple.
(d) The innermost sanctum where the deity is placed.
na Which architectural feature characterizes a Shikhara or Vimana in North Indian
temple architecture ?
(a) Afree-standing porch. (b) A large central dome.
(c) Apyramidal tower. (d) An underground chamber.
(195) The "Gopuram" isa distinctive feature of temple architecture in which region of
India ?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Kerala (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Bihar
two major
(196) The rock-cut temples of Ellora in India represent a blend of which
religions ?
(b) Hinduism andJainism
(a) Hinduism and Buddhism
(c) Buddhism and Jainismn (d) Islam and Christianity
commonly associated with which Asian
(197) The Pagoda style of temple architecture is
country ? (c) Thailand (d) Indonesia
(a) China (b) Japan
Pancha Rathas (Five Rathas) at Mahabalipuram, India, are monolithicrock
(198) The
cut temples of the:
(b) Pallava dynasty
(a) Chola dynasty (d) Gupta dynasty
(c) Maurya dynasty
architectural element serves as the gateway to the inner sanctum of a
(99)Which the secular to the sacred ?
the transition from
indu temple, symbolizing (c) Gopuram (d) Antaraala
(a) Mandapa (b) Shikhara
for its well-planned grid layout, with streets
00) Which ancient Indian city is known
ntersecting at right angles ? (b) Mohan-Jo-Daro
(a) Harappa (d) Pataliputra
(c) Varanasi
 System
88 Kumar's Indic Knowledge
was primarily
(201) The concept of "Vastu Shastra" in ancient Indian town planning
concerned with:
planning
(a) Astrology (b) Architecture and urban
(c) Religious rituals (d) Agricultural practices
found in some ancient lndian
(202) The Great Bath, a significant architectural feature
cities, was used for:
(a) Worshiping deities (b) Performing rituals
droughts
(c) Public bathsand social gatherings (d) Water storage during architecture,
rock-cut
(203) Which ancient Indian city is renowned for its monolithic
including cave temples and monasteries ?
(d) Nalanda
(a) Taxila (b) Sanchi (c) Ajanta
located near the
(204) The city of Pataliputra (modern-day Patn(a) was strategically
confluence of which two rivers ?
(a) Ganges and Yamuna (b) Ganges and Saraswati
(C) Ganges and Son (d) Ganges and Godavari
(205) The ancient town of Lothal was known for its expertise in:
(a) Textile production (b) Pottery making
(c) Metalworking and maritime trade (d) Sculpture and painting
(206) In the context of ancient Indian town planning, what were "Chaityas" and
"Viharas" ?
(a) Traditional dance forms (b) Types of administrative buildings
(c) Educational institutions (d) Buddhist religious structures
(207) The city of Varanasi (Kashi) is situated on the banks of which river, making it one
of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world ?
(a) Yamnuna (b) Ganges (Gangla)
(c) Indus (d) Saraswati
(208)Which ruler is credited with the construction of the Iron Pillar in Delhi, known
for its rust-resistant metallurgy ?
(a) Ashoka the Great (b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Harsha (d) Samudragupta
(209) Which ancient Indian city had a circular urban plan, with radial streets originating
from a central hub ?
(a) Pataliputra (b) Taxila (c) Hampi (d) Ujain