Technical Drawing ignored by other scholars.

Leonardo’s approach to
science was one of intense observation and detailed
Also called as Drafting
recording. His research tools being almost exclusively
is a detailed graphic rendition of how something his eyes. Their diaries give tips on their investigative
functions or how it is built processes. He kept a series of notebooks he wrote
almost daily, as well as separate notes and blocks of
are made at a precise scale and include elements that observations, comments, and plans. Many documents
make them unambiguous, meaning that their elements have survived to illustrate their studies, discoveries,
can be interpreted only in one way. and inventions. In Leonardo’s notebooks, there are
History of Technical Drawing many war machines, such as a vehicle propelled by
two men through crankshafts. Also, there were flying
Ancient Times machine designs and bridges projects
The earliest appearance of drawing was found on cave First Industrial Revolution
walls, next to animal hide and vellum. The ancient
Chinese and Egyptian people made huge This revolution era received lots of innovations, tools,
advancements by developing rice paper and papyrus. structures, multiples states materials, and the
The first known city is Jericho, which is now known as beginnings of mass production. The origin of new
the Palestinian West Bank. It’s occupation dates back machines and mass manufactures products required
to 10,000 BCE. There are a few pieces of evidence of improvement in the drawing techniques. During this
what we would now call technical planning. It has time, engineering and drafting take place in the market,
more than 7.000 BCE. As the civilizations became especially in the textile industries
more advanced, there was a necessity to structure and Second Industrial Revolution
organize how cities, bridges, roads, and other
constructions would be built. Mathematical and Between 1900 and 1945, industrial production of
measurement abilities were indeed the key to the products for both the military and the emerging
development of this civilization. consumer class and greatly intensified. Not only was
the number of products being produced rapidly
Italian Renaissance growing, but becoming increasingly complex.
This incredible moment in world history has many Designers needed to more accurately portray the
contributions to the current drafting, designing, and working mechanical elements of increasingly complex
engineering. systems of machinery. During this period, how
technical drawings were draw began to become
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377- 1446) started the flat standardized
representation of objects in three dimensions and
became one of the most influential architects of After World War II
Renaissance aesthetics. After this historical world war, the demand for
Rafael Sanzio (1483-1520), an Italian painter and customer goods increased. Science. At the same time,
architect, spent his life residing in Florence, considered the space race helped create a global focus on science
to be the birthplace of the Renaissance. He was a and technology. This innovation required the
Master of Painting and Architecture at the city’s development of millions of technical drawings, but for
School of Arts. He was chosen to be the architect of engineers and drafters, everything had changed in the
the new St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, and through his 1960s, with CAD origin.
studies on preservation, he made an archaeological Dr. Patrick Hanratty imagined the first numerical
map of the city. The greatest Sanzio’s contribution to control system, which later becomes Computer-Aided
the technical drawing was, along with Felippo, the Design or CAD. The preciseness, skillfulness, and
representation of a three-dimensional perspective. He edit-ability of CAD designs revolutionize the
was capable of translating the 2D image that the eyes engineering, architecture, and manufacturing
create into the three-dimensional image that the brain landscape. But what is CAD, after all?
interprets onto paper.
CAD, or Computer-aided design, is a digital
Although best known as the Mona Lisa painter, technology that creates two-dimensional or three-
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) exhibited numerous dimensional diagrams, which can be observed from
skills in the sciences and engineering creations. As a any point of view, even from the inside looking out.
scientist, Leonardo had no formal study in Latin and
mathematics and did not frequent a university. Because The term “computeraided design” was invented by
of these circumstances, his scientific studies were Douglas Taylor Ross, an American computer science
pioneer and considered the father of Automatically (2-D) images. An example of an image that conveys a
Programmed Tools, a language to drive numerically form is a circle, which can represent many real-world
controlled manufacturing. CAD can assist in the objects, such as a sphere, or the top view of a drinking
manufacturing process by associating all issues glass. A drafter will draw the side view of a drinking
involving the complexity of a given material (such as glass as a simple rectangle with its top edge removed.
strategies, tolerances, and measurements) with the Note that an actual drinking glass would not look like
specific conventions for the merchandise in question. the rectangle or circle, but these graphics are
This was a revolution for technical Drawing because conventions commonly understood to represent real-
now all the analogic tools could be replaced for the life forms.
digital design.
Lettering
However, in 1960, Computer-Aided Design software
Production crews require technical drawings to be as
and computer had been developed, but each machine
clear as possible. Drafters thus undergo training to
costs millions of dollars. Only large companies had
make the numbers and letters they write immediately
conditions to buy it, such as the military, NASA, or car
legible. This training includes exactly what strokes of a
companies could afford these systems. Only two
pencil are needed to produce each letter of the
decades later, with the “internet bubble.” personal
alphabet, and each number. The characters that result
computers became something more ordinary, also
from these strokes are usually in a typeface called
CAD.
Gothic, which doesn't have serifs (the small curves that
Purpose of Technical Drawing Times New Roman, Courier and other fonts place on
"S" and other characters
Measurements
Training for Careers in Technical Drawing
While a technical drawing communicates the shape of
each part of a proposed structure with a visual • TESDA
representation, the exact size and position of the
• Drafting Technology
structure must come from measurements, which
drafters call "dimensions." Among the dimensions • Architecture (3rd year)
you'll see on the front view of a house, for example,
are those that convey the front view's complete width. What are some common Technical Drafting
A drawing will show that dimension as a line under or Professions?
above the image of the house's front view. The line
extends from the left to the right side of the house. At Mechanical Drafting
the centre of the line the drafter will enter the
involves creating detailed drawings and computer
dimension for the house's width. The dimension will
simulations that support the production of a variety of
be in feet, meters, or whatever unit the production
mechanical devices. Such a career involves the use of
crew needs to build the house.
both computer aided design (CAD) software programs
Conveying Tolerances and traditional drafting techniques. These professionals
must also be familiar with many manufacturing
Tolerance is the range of dimensions that a structure processes, materials and metallurgy
and its components can take. For example, a technical
drawing may show that the entrance to a doghouse has Architectural drafters
the following width dimension: "14 inches, +/- 1/4
support construction projects by drawing the
inch." This dimension is communicating that the
architectural and structural features of a building.
doghouse's entrance can measure 14 inches across,
These positions often specialize in a particular type of
give or take a quarter of an inch. Production crews
building, typically residential or commercial. These
need drafters to specify tolerances for a number of
workers may specialize in a type of building, such as
reasons, the foremost being that it's nearly always
residential or commercial. Furthermore, architectural
impossible to make a part to an exact size or position.
drafters provide expertise in specific materials used,
Most objects expand or contract from heat or other
such as steel, wood, or reinforced concrete
environmental factors
Expressing Forms and Structure

Technical drawings achieve their purpose of conveying

a structure's shape through graphical two-dimensional
Civil Drafter
Creating the topographical and relief maps used in a
variety of engineering projects, civil drafters employ
Draftman Requirement
both traditional drafting techniques and computer
aided design. Employees in this career may be •Bachelor of Science in engineering or architecture.
involved with the construction of many civil
engineering projects, such as bridges, highways and •Degree from a technical college also acceptable.
water control systems. These professionals are also •Eperience in computer-aided design and drafting
responsible for accurately representing topographical (CADD).
contours and elevations
•Ability to draw manually favorable, but not essential.
Electronics Drafter
•Ability to work well in a team and on your own.
Working with other engineers to determine the
specifications, electronics drafters are responsible for •Ability to respond well to criticism and maintain a
making diagrams of wiring and circuit board positive attitude
assemblies for electronics. They also create layout
drawings that others will use when they install or
repair equipment. They might also be involved with
circuit board testing to make sure the boards work
properly
Electrical Drafter
prepare layouts that show the details for a variety of
machinery and mechanical tools and devices, such as
medical equipment. These layouts indicate dimensions,
fastening methods, and other requirements for
assembly. Mechanical drafters sometimes create
production molds
Draftsman Responsibilities
•Following specifications and calculations to create
various technical drawings.
•Preparing both rough sketches and detailed work with
CADD systems.
•Performing calculations for materials and weight
limitations.
•Communicating with architects and engineers, and
incorporating knowledge
gained into drawings.
•Preparing, reviewing and redrafting alongside the
engineering team.
•Ensuring final designs are compliant with building
regulations.
•Identifying and communicating potential design
problems to the rest of the team