Lesson I: Understanding How Art Can Meet Some Human Needs

 Art came from the Italian word artis which means human creative skills.
 Artisans refer to the skilled workers.
 Kenneth Cobonpue creates chairs made up of rattan.
 Panecillos de San Nicolas refers to the distinct designs embossed on biscuits.
 Ito Kish is known as an interior designer and furniture designer.
 Art is important because it is everything, everywhere.
 Art, like love, is not easy to define.
Characteristics of Art
1. Beauty – common denominator
2. Happiness
3. Identity and Understanding the Self
4. Grief and Healing
5. Remembering and Mark Making
6. Raising Awareness
7. Culture and Togetherness

Lesson II: How Do I Study Art? Making Art

 Elements are components, parts, atom-like, and serves as building blocks to create something.

Elements of Art
I. Color – gives meaning, value, intensity and saturation to an object. It has series of wave lengths
which strikes our retina.
 Color Theory is used by painters, graphic designers, interior decorators, and anyone
working in visual culture, color theory is an essential part of any artist’s toolkit.
 Initial explorations in color were from a scientific point of view. Isaac Newton, in his 1704
book Opticks made a breakthrough in proving that light was made of different colors.
 Isaac Newton organized an early color wheel based off of the color combinations he saw
when refracting light through a prism.
 Later publications, The Theory of Colors by German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
and The Law of Simultaneous Color Contrast by French chemist Michel Eugene
Chevreul, are considered the founding documents of color theory. Published in the early
19th century, they deal with color psychology and chromatic aberration, and they further
refined the color wheel.
 Properties of Color:
i. Value – lightness, brightness, darkness of color.
ii. Saturation – degree of quality, purity, and strength such as scarlet and indigo. 2
to 3 colors in things.
 Classification of Color:
i. Primary – colors that cannot be formed from mixtures because they are pure
colors (Red, Yellow, Blue).
ii. Secondary – colors form out of combination of two primary colors (Green, Violet,
Orange).
iii. Intermediate – colors form out of mixing one primary and one secondary (Yellow
Green, Red Violet, Red Orange).
iv. Tertiary – form out of combination of two secondary colors (Russet, Citron,
Olives).
 COLOR MEANING
Black death, despair, gloom, sorrow
Blue infinity, freedom, calmness
Brown humility
Green nature, freshness, prosperity, hope, money
Orange sweetness, cheerfulness
Pink femininity, love
Red bravery, energy, passion, war, warm
Violet royalty, dull
White purity, clarity, simplicity, virginity, peace
Yellow Joyful, life, vibrant, sunshine, happiness

II. Lines – one- or two-dimensional art that indicates direction, orientation, movement, and energy.
It is considered as the oldest, simplest, universal element. It is an identifiable path created by a
point moving in space. Lines often define the edges of a form. Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or
diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin. They lead your eye around the composition and can
communicate information through their character and direction.
 Direction of Line:
i. Vertical Line – basic framework of all forms, power & delimitation, strength,
stability, simplicity, and efficiency. Moreover, vertical lines often communicate a
sense of height because they are perpendicular to the earth, extending upwards
toward the sky.
ii. Horizontal Line – creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. Rest,
calmness, peace, and reposed.
iii. Diagonal Line – convey a feeling of movement. Objects in a diagonal position are
unstable because they are neither vertical nor horizontal, they are either about to
fall or are already in motion.
iv. Jog Line – it shows violence, zigzag, confusion, and conflict.
v. Curve Line – it shows a gradual change of direction and fluidity. It signifies subtle
form. Also, the curve of a line can convey energy. Soft, shallow curves recall the
curves of the human body and often have a pleasing, sensual quality and a
softening effect on the composition.

III. Medium – it denotes the means of artists to express his ideas, it pertains to materials used to
express feelings through art.
 Kinds of Art Medium:
i. Painting – is an image (artwork) created using pigments (color) on a surface such
as paper or canvas.
ii. Drawing – the art or technique of producing images on a surface, usually paper,
by means of marks, usually of ink, graphite, chalk, charcoal, or crayon.
iii. Printing – traditionally, a technique for applying under pressure a certain quantity
of coloring agent onto a specified surface to form a body of text or an illustration.
iv. Sculpture – an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into
three-dimensional art objects.
v. Textile – any filament, fiber, or yarn that can be made into fabric or cloth, and the
resulting material itself. The term is derived from the Latin textilis and the French
texere, meaning “to weave,” and it originally referred only to woven fabrics.
vi. Photography – method of recording the image of an object through the action of
light, or related radiation, on a light-sensitive material. The word, derived from the
Greek photos (“light”) and graphein (“to draw”), was first used in the 1830s.
 IV. Rhythm – pattern, arrangement of lines, color, synchronization or connection of path that suggest
gracefulness.
V. Style – the typical expressing and training of artist and outlook in life.
VI. Structure – surface and quality of object either real or made to be appeared real. It gives variety
and beauty on art.
VII. Shape – the enclosed space defined by other elements of art. shapes may take on the appearance
of two-d or three- objects.

Principles of Art
 Emphasis – the composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to
important parts of the body of the work.
 Balance – it is a sense of stability in the body of work. It can be created by repeating same shapes
and by creating a feeling of equal weight.
 Harmony – achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work, harmony
gives an uncomplicated look to your work.
 Variety – refers to the differences in the work, you can achieve variety by using difference shapes,
textures, colors and values in your work.
 Movement – adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eye
throughout the picture plane.
 Rhythm – a type of movement in drawing and painting. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors.
Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm.
 Proportion or scale – refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. Proportions
give a sense of size seen as a relationship of objects. such as smallness or largeness.
 Unity – seen in a painting or drawing when all the parts equal a whole. Your work should not appear
disjointed or confusing.

Different Subjects of Work of Art

 Nature
 Women
 Men
 Emotion
 Places
 Animals
 Events
 Saints
 Religion
 Churches
 Child
 Fruits
 Toys
 Landscapes
 Seascapes
How do I study
Reading/Styles of Art
art:
Part I
 STYLE
Mood or Temper
of the Artwork

It is determined by
history (time and place), by
the personality of the artists
as well as by the theory of art
 STYLE
Mood or Temper
of the Artwork

CLASSICAL ART
MODERN ART
POSTMODERN
STYLES OF CLASSICAL ART

1. Classicism
2. Medieval Art
3. Renaissance Art
4. Mannerism
5. Baroque
6. Neoclassicism
STYLES OF MODERN ART
7. Impressionism
8. Expressionism
9. Fauvism
10. Pointillism
11. Art Nouveau
12. Surrealism
13. Cubism
14. Concretism
15. Suprematism
16. Dadaism
17. Ready Made Art
18. Abstract Expressionism
19. Color Field Painting
20. Pop Art
21. Op Art
 STYLES OF
POSTMODERN ART

22. Installation Art

23. Environmental Art or
Earthwork
Styles of Classical Art
 1. CLASSICISM
This is the style found
in the ancient
Greek and Roman
sculptures.
It is an idealist
imitation of the
beauty and
perfection of the
human body.
The sculptors were
Praxiteles, Polycritus
and Myron.
 DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN
In architecture, classicism is found in the 3 Greek Orders,
and the additional 2 Roman Orders, indicated
by the designs of columns.
TUSCAN COMPOSITE
CLASSICISM
5

This style has religious subjects, and

applies flat projection. The church is the
patron of art. The art forms are mosaic,
stained glass paintings, illuminated
manuscripts and calligraphy.

2. MEDIEVAL ART
The noted
paintings are
the frescoes
by Giotto di
Bondone
MEDIEVAL
ART
MEDIEVAL
ART
 3. RENAISSANCE ART
Revival of ancient Greek and Roman Art
Discovery and application of perspective
Application of chiaroscuro and sfumato
Triangular Composition
Religious and secular subjects
Patrons of art: The church
and wealthy families

Early Renaissance: Boticelli

Flemish School of Painting: Van Eyck
High Renaissance: Florentine School
of Painting: Donatello, Leonardo
Michelangelo, Raphael
RENAISSANCE
ART
 4. MANNERISM
This is an alternative
style to Renaissance
Art. Representations
are stylized with
elongated figures and
usually religious
subjects

Mannerist paintings
are those by El Greco
or Dominikos
Theotokopolus.
MANNERISM
MANNERISM
 5. BAROQUE
Various subjects presented in
highly realistic way. Application
of deep chiaroscuro. Dominance
of curve lines to suggest motion.

Rembrant van Rijn

Giorgione Castelfranco
Peter Paul Reubens
Jan Vermeer
BAROQUE
 Revival of Renaissance & Classical Style
Subject: Ancient Western society
Highly Realistic Representation
Technique: Deep chiaroscuro
Academic art and the Salon
Strict adherence to rules of painting

6. NEOCLASSICISM

Jacques Louis David

Jean Auguste Ingres
Juan Luna
Guillermo Tolentino
Styles of Modern Art
7. IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
Paul Cezanne
Auguste
Renoir
Beginning of Modern Art
Subjects taken from
everyday ordinary life
Surface filled with
bursting light of the sun.
Pale colors and blur outlines
indicate movement and
passage of time
IMPRESIONISM
 Art is an expression of
the artist’s emotion.
Unnatural representation
Symbolic use of color
Dominance of curve lines
for emotional effect
Heavy impasto paints

8. EXPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
Edvard Munch
EXPRESIONISM
The name is from the
French fauve that means
“beast”. It uses unnatural
colors for exciting visual
effect. Subjects are taken
from unnatural, extra-
ordinary objects.
Paintings by Henry
Matisse

9.FAUVISM
FAUVISM
10. POINTILISM
(Divisionism)
Uses points or dots as
the main visual element.
Based on the principle of
visual mixing. Subjects
taken from the everyday,
ordinary experiences.
Structurally formal and
visually representational.
The main proponent is
George Seurat
POINTILISM
 11. ART NOUVEOU

Poster-like paintings for advertisement.

Subjects are women in sensual postures.
Linear composition and flat projection.
Paintings by Alphonse Ma. Mucha
 ART
NOUVEOU
 Art is a revelation of the artist’s
subconscious mind (Psychoanalysis)
Reaction to rationalism & romanticism
Emphasizes passion and imagination,
weird, fantastic and dream-like
presented in highly realistic way

12. SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
Marc Chagall
Giorgio de Chirico
Rene Magritte
Prudencio Lamaroza
Frida Kahlo
SURREALISM
SURREALISM
SURREALISM
How do I study
Reading/Styles of Art
art:
STYLES OF CLASSICAL ART

1. Classicism
2. Medieval Art
3. Renaissance Art
4. Mannerism
5. Baroque
6. Neoclassicism
STYLES OF MODERN ART
7. Impressionism
8. Expressionism
9. Fauvism
10. Pointillism
11. Art Nouveau
12. Surrealism
13. Cubism
14. Concretism
15. Suprematism
16. Dadaism
17. Ready Made Art
18. Abstract Expressionism
19. Color Field Painting
20. Pop Art
21. Op Art
 STYLES OF
POSTMODERN ART

22. Installation Art

23. Environmental Art or
Earthwork
 This has flat
projection, and
uses geometrical
shapes. The
subjects are in
multiview to
suggest motion.

13. CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
George Braque
Fernand Leger
Vicente Manansala
Mauro Malang Santos
Ang Kiukok
CUBISM
CUBISM
CUBISM
 This is a purely
non-objective painting.
It represents subjectivity
not objects, and
uses rectilinear shapes
and primary colors

14. CONCRETISM
(De Stijl or Plastic Ar t)

Theodore van
Doesburg
CONCRETISM
15. SUPREMATISM
Purely non-objective
Represents pure
subjectivity not objects.
Reduction into most
basic shapes and colors.
Painting becomes true to
itself, finally seen as what
it is—a painting

Suprematist paintings
by Kasimir Malevich
SUPREMATISM
 16. DADAISM
From dada, a baby-talk word
It is an “anti-art” movement
The purpose is to “shock”.
Creates art by “destroying” art
Seeks to “destroy” established
traditions and past histories to
bring about new social order

Marcel Duchamp
DADAISM
DADAISM
17. READY-MADE ART
Based on the
Institutional Theory.
Anything may be art.
Ordinary objects are put
in the context of art by
the artist’s authority
and power play.

Marcel Duchamp
Judy Sibayan
READY-MADE
ART
Based on Action Theory
of Painting Purely non-
objective Sense of
freedom in the act of
painting
18. ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM

Jackson Pollock
William de Kooning
Jose Joya
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
 Branch of
Action Painting
Mass of colors
on the flat
surface
Mark Rothko
Gus Albor

19. COLOR FIELD

PAINTING
COLOR-FIELD
PAINTING
Art taken from images
in popular culture such
as commercial labels
and mass products,
comics and cartoons

20. POP ART

Roy Liechtenstein
Andy Warhol
POP ART
 21. OP ART
(Optical Ar t)

Creates optical
illusion. The illusion
itself becomes the
reality in art

Bridget Riley
Victor Vasarely
Styles of Post-modern art
 Postmodern style in
which exhibition space
is transformed into work
of art. Use of limitless
range of materials
arranged in place.

22. INSTALLATION ART

Tracy Emin
Damien Hirst
Medio Cruz
INSTALLATION ART
 23. ENVIRONMENTAL ART
OR EARTHWORK

Postmodern style
of art which uses
natural environment
as its medium. Based
on Institutional
Theory of Art.
Robert Smithson
Christo Javacheff
 EVOLUTION OF
ARTISTIC STYLES
 SOME GREATER
POSSIBILITIES TO ART
(Present Period)

Burp Art/ Vomit Painting

Tongue/Breast/Penis Painting
Computer Art/ Cyber Art
Art in virtual reality
Graffiti/ Street Art
MMDA Art
COMPUTER ART
MMDA Art
GRAFFITI ART
 Mille
Brown
Nexus Vomitus
2007

VOMIT PAINTING
BREAST
PAINTING
Kyra Ayn Varszegi
 PENIS PAINTING
Tim Patch

TONGUE PAINTING
Ani Klicks