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Data Management - Part 2.1

The document discusses the concept of the mean and how to calculate it for both ungrouped and grouped data. It defines the mean, provides properties of the mean, and shows examples of calculating the mean for ungrouped data using the formula for sample mean, population mean, and weighted mean. It also demonstrates calculating the mean for grouped data using the direct method formula and assumed mean method formula.

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19 views19 pages

Data Management - Part 2.1

The document discusses the concept of the mean and how to calculate it for both ungrouped and grouped data. It defines the mean, provides properties of the mean, and shows examples of calculating the mean for ungrouped data using the formula for sample mean, population mean, and weighted mean. It also demonstrates calculating the mean for grouped data using the direct method formula and assumed mean method formula.

Uploaded by

fjkb7yqn5b
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Management (Part 2.

1)
Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics Area
De La Salle Lipa

Data Management (Part 2.1) 1 / 19


Contents

1 The Mean

Data Management (Part 2.1) 2 / 19


The Mean

Mean

Definition
Also known as arithmetic average.
One of the simplest and most efficient measure of
central tendency.
It is obtained by adding the values in the distribution
and dividing the sum by the total number of values
It is denoted by µ (population mean) or x (sample
mean)

Data Management (Part 2.1) 3 / 19


The Mean

Mean

Properties of the Mean


1 It can be calculated for any set of numerical data, so it
always exists.
2 A set of numerical data has one and only one mean, so
it is always unique.
3 It leans itself to further statistical treatment (for
instance, the means of several sets of data can be
combined into overall mean of all data)
4 It is relatively reliable in the sense that the mean of
many samples drawn from the same population usually
do not fluctuate or vary, as widely as other statistics
used to estimate the population mean (µ)

Data Management (Part 2.1) 4 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data

Sample Mean Formula


Σx
x=
n
where: Σx - sum of all values in the distribution
n - number of observations

Population Mean Formula


Σx
µ=
n

Data Management (Part 2.1) 5 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data


Example 1 :
Given that during 12 months of 2011, a state auditor
ha 5, 2, 1, 3, 3, 8, 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, and 6 calls to her telephone
credit card. Find the Mean (average number of charges per
month)

Solution:
5+2+1+3+3+8+6+7+4+1+2+6
µ=
12
µ=4
The average charge per month is 4.

Data Management (Part 2.1) 6 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data


Example 2 :
A sample of n = 5 high precision spring- driven
motors is taken from a production lot of N = 100, 000 such
motors. The motors are wound and started, and their
running times clocked at 3.50, 3.65, 3.55, 3.58 and 3.52.
Find their mean running time.

Solution:
3.50 + 3.65 + 3.55 + 3.58 + 3.52
x=
5
µ = 3.56
The mean running time of the samples is 3.56.

Data Management (Part 2.1) 7 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data

Weighted Mean Formula


Σwx
x=
Σw
where: w - weight of each value
x - observation

Data Management (Part 2.1) 8 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data


Example 3 :
Compute the weighted mean grade of the student
enrolled in 6 subjects shown below:

Data Management (Part 2.1) 9 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data


Solution: Step:
1 Get the total no. of units.

N = 3 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 17

2 Complete the column ”wx” by multiplying the No. of


units (w) by the corresponding Grade (x).

(ex. For Subject 1, wx = 3 × 2.00 = 6.00)

3 Get the total of ”wx”.

Σwx = 6.00 + 9.00 + 6.25 + 3.00 + 5.00 + 7.50 = 36.75

4 Divide the sum of ”wx” by the total no. of units.


36.75
x= = 2.16
17
Data Management (Part 2.1) 10 / 19
The Mean

Mean of Ungrouped Data


Solution:

The weighted mean grade of the student is 2.16.

Data Management (Part 2.1) 11 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


1 Formula Using Direct Method
Σf X
x=
n
where: f - frequency of each class
X - Class Midpoint / Class Mark
n - sample size

2 Formula Using Assumed Mean Method


Σf d
x = AM +
n
where: d - unit deviation
c - size of the class interval
AM - Assumed Mean (Class mark)
Data Management (Part 2.1) 12 / 19
The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 :
Determine the mean of the distribution of aptitude
scores of 150 applicants.

Data Management (Part 2.1) 13 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 :
Solution:
Steps to solve the mean (Using Method 1):
1 Get the value of n by getting the sum of all
frequencies.
n = 150
2 Get the classmarks (X) of each class.
 
90 + 99
ex. For 90 − 99, X = = 94.5
2
3 Multiply the frequency of the class to the
corresponding classmark.
(ex. For 90-99, f X = 2 × 94.5 = 189)
4 Get the sum of f X, Σf X = 8505
Data Management (Part 2.1) 14 / 19
The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 : [Continuation...]

Solution:
Steps to solve the mean (Using Method 1):

Data Management (Part 2.1) 15 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 : [Continuation...]

Solution:
Steps to solve the mean (Using Method 1):
5 Solve the mean.
Σf X
x=
n
8505
x=
150
x = 56.7
The average of the aptitude score of 150 applicants is 56.7.

Data Management (Part 2.1) 16 / 19


The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 :
Solution:
Steps to solve the mean (Using Method 2):
1 Provide columns for classmarks (X), for deviation (d),
and for the product of the frequency and deviation
(f d).
2 Determine the classmarks of each class, i.e. for 90-99,
90 + 99
X= = 94.5
2
3 Determine the deviation of each class using the formula
d = X − AM
where X is the classmark of each class and AM is the
assumed mean (classmark of the class where you
assumed mean is include). You may use any classmark
as your AM so for this example, I will use 54.5.
Therefore, for 90-99 class,
d = 94.5 − 54.5 = 40
Data Management (Part 2.1) 17 / 19
The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Example 4 : Continuation...
Solution:
Steps to solve the mean (Using Method 2):
4 For f d, multiply the frequency (f ) of the class by the
corresponding deviation (d). i.e. for 90-99,

f d = 2 × 40 = 80
5 Get the sum of f d
Σf d = 330
6 Solve the mean using assumen mean formula
Σf d 330
x = AM + = 54.5 + = 56.7
n 150
(Note: Observe that the means obtained using
Methods 1 and 2 are equal.)
Data Management (Part 2.1) 18 / 19
The Mean

Mean of Grouped Data


Using Method 2:

Data Management (Part 2.1) 19 / 19

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