Fragmentations
Fragmentations
3. Vertical Fragmentation:
- Definition: Vertical fragmentation involves dividing a table by
selecting specific columns for each fragment.
- Example: For the "Employee" table, one vertical fragment could
include only the columns "EmployeeID" and "Name," and another
fragment includes "Department" and "Salary."
- Completeness: Each fragment contains only a subset of columns,
ensuring completeness within the fragment.
- Reconstruction: Reconstruction requires combining fragments
horizontally based on a common column or key.
- Disjointness: Columns in each fragment are distinct; there is no
overlap.
Properties:
- Completeness:
- Primary Horizontal Fragmentation: Ensures completeness by
assigning each row to exactly one fragment.
- Derived Horizontal Fragmentation: Completeness depends on the
defined condition. Fragments may not include all rows.
- Vertical Fragmentation: Each fragment is complete in terms of
columns but may not contain all rows.
- Reconstruction:
- Primary Horizontal Fragmentation: Reconstruction is
straightforward by combining fragments using a common column.
- Derived Horizontal Fragmentation: Reconstruction is based on the
defined condition; only rows satisfying that condition are
reconstructed.
- Vertical Fragmentation: Reconstruction requires combining
fragments horizontally based on a common key.
- Disjointness:
- Primary Horizontal Fragmentation: Rows in each fragment are
distinct; there is no overlap.
- Derived Horizontal Fragmentation: Fragments are disjoint based
on the defined condition.
- Vertical Fragmentation: Columns in each fragment are distinct;
there is no overlap.
- Fragmentation:
- Fragments based on the "Department" column:
- Fragment 3 (Sales):
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- Fragmentation:
- Fragment based on a condition (e.g., Salary greater than 55000):
3. Vertical Fragmentation:
- Fragmentation:
- Fragments based on columns: