REPORT ON VISIT TO SOLAR POWER PLANT
Submitted by
PRUTHA BRAHMANKAR
Roll No. 60
3rd Year ETC/ 6th SEM
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
2023-24
DATE: 23/03/24
LOCATION: GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINERING, NAGPUR
GUIDED BY: Dr. Sachin P. Jhole Sir
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJETIVE OF VISIT
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
4. POWER PLANT COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
5. GENERAL LAYOUT OF SOLAR PLANT
6. WHAT WE LEARNED
7. CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Students enrolled in professional degrees like engineering and management
benefit greatly from Industrial sites.
It is essential to show off all of the actual working surroundings for the tools,
machines, operational procedures, and anything else that students will encounter
in their particular field.
For students in the sixth semester of engineering, the Government College of
Engineering Nagpur organized an industrial visit to the SOLAR POWER PLANT
RAMESHWAR KAMPA MODASA on March 27, 2023. According to the RTMNU
university's policies and recommendations on the curriculum, the visit was
planned. Our primary goals in visiting are to become familiar with the Industrial
setting and to learn about the production of electricity in practice. The concept of
electrical power generation will be introduced to sixth semester students.
The faculty and students arrived at the college's solar power facility on March 27,
2023, around 10:30 AM
The pupils were given a basic Introduction to power plants and how they operate.
The Single Line Diagram (SLD) of a solar power plant was also explained by the
faculty. First, the students went to Solar Plate Yard. The students next went to the
inverter room, which converts D.C. to A.C. power, after visiting the solar plate
yard. Students heard information about maintaining an Inverter.
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OBJECTIVE OF THE VISIT
1. Understand different terminology used in solar PV system
2. Understand difference between solar cell, solar module and solar
array
3. Design and structure of PV Module
4. Rating of PV Module
5. I-V and Power curve of Module
6. Effect of solar Irradiation/Temperature
Pictures of the site
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Terminology used in solar PV system:
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1. Solar cell: A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is an electronic
device that can convert sunlight directly into electricity through the
photovoltaic effect.
2. Solar module: A solar module, also known as a solar panel, is a collection of
solar cells connected together to generate a higher amount of electricity.
3. Solar array: A solar array is a group of interconnected solar panels or
modules that are designed to work together to produce electricity.
4. Inverter: An inverter is a device that converts the direct current (DC)
produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be used
to power appliances in homes and buildings.
5. Charge controller: A charge controller is a device that regulates the amount
of electricity that is fed int a battery bank from the solar panels, preventing
overcharging and extending the life of the batteries.
6. Battery bank: A battery bank is a collection of batteries that store the
excess energy generated by the solar panels for later use, such as during
times when the sun is not shining or during power outages
7. Voc (Open Circuit Voltage): This refers to the maximum voltage the solar
panel can produce when there is no load connected. It occurs when the
terminals of the solar panel are disconnected, and there is no current
flowing through the circuit.
8. Vmp (Maximum Power Voltage): This is the voltage at which the solar panel
produces the maximum power output. It's the optimal operating voltage
for the panel, typically lower than the open circuit voltage.
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9. Fmp (Maximum Power Point): This is the point on the current-voltage (IV)
curve of the solar panel where the product of current and voltage is
maximized, resulting in the maximum power output. It's the intersection of
the IV curve where the power output peaks.
10.Rsc (Short Circuit Current): This is the maximum current that can be drawn
from the solar panel when the terminals are shorted, i.e., connected with a
wire directly, resulting in zero voltage across the panel.
11.Pm (Maximum Power): This is the maximum power output that a solar
panel can deliver under standard test conditions (STC). It's the product of
the maximum power voltage (Vmp) and the maximum power current (Imp),
typically measured in watts (W).
These terms are crucial in understanding the performance and characteristics of
solar PV systems, helping in design, installation, and optimization for maximum
efficiency.
Difference between solar cell, solar module and solar array
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1. Solar Cell:
- A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is the basic building block of
a solar PV system.
- It is a semiconductor device that directly converts sunlight into electricity
through the photovoltaic effect.
- Solar cells are typically made of silicon and other materials, and they generate
a direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight.
2. Solar Module (or Solar Panel):
- A solar module, often referred to as a solar panel, is an assembly of multiple
solar cells interconnected and encapsulated to form a single unit.
- The solar cells within a module are electrically connected in series or parallel to
achieve the desired voltage and current output.
- Solar modules are the most common form in which solar cells are utilized in
practical applications, such as residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar
installations.
- They come in various sizes and power ratings, depending on the number and
efficiency of the solar cells they contain.
3. Solar Array:
- A solar array consists of multiple solar modules or panels interconnected and
installed together to generate electricity collectively.
- It can range from a small array on a residential rooftop to a large-scale array
covering acres of land in utility-scale solar farms.
- Solar arrays are designed to capture sunlight over a larger area, maximizing the
total power output of the system.
- They are often mounted on rooftops, ground-mounted structures, or
integrated into building facades.
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Design and structure of a PV module:
1. Solar Cells Choose high-quality solar cells made of crystalline silicon or thin-film
materials.
2. Encapsulation: Use tempered glass for the front cover and a polymer-based
encapsulant for the backsheet to protect the solar cells.
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3. Frame: Construct an aluminum frame to provide mechanical support and
rigidity.
4. Cell Interconnection: Connect the solar cells electrically in series or parallel.
5. Module Wiring: Install durable wiring to connect the cells to the junction box
on the back.
6. Junction Box: Attach a junction box to house electrical components and provide
protection.
7. Sealing: Seal the edges of the module to prevent moisture ingress.
8. Quality Control: Implement quality control measures and perform testing to
ensure reliability and compliance with standards.
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PV module power output: I-V equation of PV Module:
The power output of a PV module can be described by the I-V (current-voltage)
equation, which shows how the current and voltage of the module are related.
The equation is
I = Iph - 10 (exp(qv/kT)-1)
where is the current, Iph is the photocurrent, 10 is the reverse saturation current,
q the charge of an electron, V is the voltage, & is the Boltzmann constant, and the
temperature
Rating of PV Module:
The rating of a PV module is typically given in watts and represents the maximum
amount of power that the module can produce under specific test conditions. The
rating is often referred to as the “nameplate rating" or "peak power rating and
collated based on the module's efficiency and size.
I-V and Power curve of Module:
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The V and power curves of a PV module show how the current, voltage, and
power output of the module very under different levels of solar radiation and
temperature. The curves are typically graphed using a software program called a
solar simulator, which simulates the conditions that the module would experience
under different levels of sunlight and temperature.
Effect of solar Irradiation/Temperature:
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The amount of solar radiation and the temperature can both have a significant
input on the power output of a PV module. As the level of radiation increases, the
current and power output of the module also increase. However, as the
temperature increases, the efficiency of the solar cat reses, which can lead to a
decrease in the power output of the module. Therefore, it important to consider
the effects of both solar irradiation and temperature when assigning and installing
a PV system.
GENERAL LAYOUT OF SOLAR PLANT
WHAT WE LEARNED
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From the industrial visit we have got the practical understanding about how
solar panels are arranged, their connections in series and parallel.
We are able to identify different types on solar panels from their surface
textures.
We have got the basic idea about various components used in solar PV
arrangement such inverters, batteries, grid connections, lightning
protection equipment’s etc.
The knowledge of Solar PV will help in future for further studies and
research purposes as it is a sustainable and growing source of energy in
India.
CONCLUSION
From this visit, we get the information about the Solar power plant and working
of it. We get practical knowledge for our future. We alw get dormation about the
Instrument which comes in our study in future.
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