Living in I.T.
Era
History of
Computer: Basic
Computing
Periods
3
History
▸ Earliest
Computers originally calculations
were computed by humans, whose job title
was computers.
▸ These human computers were typically
engaged in the calculation of a
mathematical expression
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History
▸ The calculations of this period were specialized
and expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics
▸ The first use of the word "computer" was
recorded in 1613, referring to a person who
carried out calculations, or computations, and the
word continued to be used in that sense until the
middle of the 20th century.
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Abacus
▸ is a mechanical device used to aid an individual
in performing mathematical calculations
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Napier’s Bones
▸Invented by John Napier in 1614.
▸Allowed the operator to multiply,
divide and calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods around and
placing them in specially constructed
boards.
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Napier’s Bones
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Slide Rule
▸ Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
▸ Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.
▸ Used primarily for – multiplication – division
– roots – logarithms – Trigonometry
▸ Not normally used for addition or subtraction.
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Slide Rule
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Pascaline
▸ Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
▸ It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.
▸ It is too expensive.
11
Stepped Reckoner
▸ Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in
1672.
▸ The machine that can add, subtract,
multiply and divide automatically
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Stepped Reckoner
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Jacquard Loom
▸ The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom,
invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in
1881.
▸ It is an automatic loom controlled by
punched cards.
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Jacquard Loom
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Arithmometer
▸ A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de
Colmar in 1820,
▸ The first reliable, useful and commercially
successful calculating machine.
▸ The machine could perform the four basic
mathematic functions.
▸ The first mass-produced calculating machine.
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Arithmometer
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Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
▸ It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed
to tabulate polynomial functions.
▸ Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
▸ It is the first mechanical computer.
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Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
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First Computer Programmer
▸• In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the binary system.
▸ She writes programs for the Analytical Engine
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Harvard Mark 1
▸ Also known as IBM
Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator
(ASCC).
▸ Invented by Howard H.
Aiken in 1943
▸ The first electro-mechanical
computer.
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Z1
▸ The first programmable computer.
▸ Created by Konrad Zuse in
Germany from 1936 to 1938.
▸ To program the Z1 required that
the user insert punch tape into a
punch tape reader and all output
was also generated through punch
tape.
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ENIAC
▸ ENIAC stands for Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
▸ It was the first electronic general-
purpose computer.
▸ Completed in 1946.
▸ Developed by John Presper Eckert
and John Mauchly.
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UNIVAC 1
▸ The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal
Automatic Computer 1) was the
first commercial computer.
▸ Designed by John Presper Eckert
and John Mauchly.
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EDVAC
▸ EDVAC stands for Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
▸ The First Stored Program
Computer
▸ Designed by Von Neumann in
1952.
▸ It has a memory to hold both a
stored program as well as data.
Basic Computing
Periods - Ages
25
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Premechanical
▸ isthe earliest age of information technology. It
can be defined as the time between 3000B.C. and
1450A.D
▸ Early alphabets were developed such as the
Phoenician alphabet.
▸ As alphabets became more popular and more
people were writing information down, pens and
paper began to be developed.
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Mechanical
▸ The mechanical age is when we first start to see
connections between our current technology and
its ancestors
▸ The mechanical age can be defined as the time
between 1450 and 1840.
▸ A lot of new technologies are developed in this
era as there is a large explosion in interest with
this area.
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Electromechanica
▸ The first large-scale automatic digital computer in
the United States was the Mark 1 created by
Harvard University around 1940
▸ The telegraph was created in the early 1800s.
Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in
1835.
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Electronic
▸ The electronic age is what we currently live in. It
can be defined as the time between 1940 and
right now.
▸ This computer was designed to be used by the
U.S. Army for artillery firing tables.
▸ It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its
calculations.
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