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PHYSICS Notes

The document discusses uniform and uniformly accelerated motion. Uniform motion has constant velocity while uniformly accelerated motion has constant acceleration, causing velocity to change at a constant rate. Equations of motion relate variables like displacement, velocity, acceleration and time. Examples like cars and falling objects are provided to illustrate the concepts.

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38 views2 pages

PHYSICS Notes

The document discusses uniform and uniformly accelerated motion. Uniform motion has constant velocity while uniformly accelerated motion has constant acceleration, causing velocity to change at a constant rate. Equations of motion relate variables like displacement, velocity, acceleration and time. Examples like cars and falling objects are provided to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

Hans Hanji Zoe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Physics 1

Motion of a Body: Uniform vs. Uniformly either increasing (acceleration) or decreasing


Accelerated (deceleration).
The movement of a body can be classified into
two main types based on its acceleration: Non-zero acceleration: The acceleration of the
body is not zero.
1. Uniform Motion:
In uniform motion, the body travels in a straight Equations of motion:
line with constant velocity. It does not • v = v0 + at (final velocity = initial velocity
experience any acceleration or deceleration, + acceleration × time)
meaning its speed and direction remain • d = v0t + ½ at2 (distance = initial velocity
unchanged throughout its motion. × time + 1/2 acceleration × time^2)
• v2 = v02 +2ad(final velocity^2 = initial
Key characteristics: velocity^2 + 2 × acceleration × distance)
Constant velocity: The magnitude and direction
of velocity remain constant. Examples:
Equal displacement in equal intervals: The body A car accelerating at a constant rate.
covers equal distances in equal intervals of A ball falling under gravity.
time. An object being launched upward with
constant acceleration.
Zero acceleration: The acceleration of the
body is zero.

Equations of motion:
• Distance = speed × time (d = vt)
• Speed = distance / time (s = d/t)

Examples:
A car moving at a steady speed on a straight
highway.
A bicycle rolling smoothly downhill at a constant
speed.
An object in free fall after reaching its terminal
velocity.

2. Uniformly Accelerated Motion:


In uniformly accelerated motion, the body
travels in a straight line with constant
acceleration. Its velocity changes at a constant Comparison of Uniform and Uniformly
rate throughout its motion. Accelerated Motion:

Key characteristics: Additional Notes:


Uniform circular motion is a special case that
Constant acceleration: The magnitude and involves constant speed but changing
direction of acceleration remain constant. direction, resulting in non-zero acceleration.
Velocity changes at a constant rate: The body
either gains or loses speed at a constant rate. Its
General Physics 1

Uniform motion is a special case of uniformly Velocity-time graph:


accelerated motion where the acceleration is A car moving at a constant speed would have
zero. a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph.
In real-world situations, perfect uniform motion A car accelerating would have a sloped line on
or uniformly accelerated motion is rarely a velocity-time graph, with the slope
achieved due to factors like friction and air representing the acceleration.
resistance.
Conclusion:
Does it necessarily have a greater acceleration Speed and acceleration are different
if an object has a greater speed? concepts, and one does not necessarily imply
the other. So, NO, an object having a greater
speed does not necessarily have a greater
Speed: acceleration.
Speed is the magnitude of the object's
velocity, which is a vector quantity. It tells us
how fast the object is moving, but not its
direction.

Acceleration:
Acceleration is the rate of change of
velocity, which is also a vector quantity. It tells
us how quickly the object's speed and/or
direction are changing.

Examples:
1. Car at constant speed vs. accelerating car:
A car moving at a constant speed of 100 km/h
has a greater speed than another car moving
at a constant speed of 50 km/h.
However, both cars have an acceleration of 0,
as their velocities are not changing.

2. Car slowing down vs. falling object:


A car slowing down from 100 km/h to 50 km/h
has a lower speed than a falling object
accelerating due to gravity.
However, the car has a negative acceleration
(deceleration) while the falling object has a
positive acceleration.

Visualizations:
Distance-time graph:
A car moving at a constant speed would have
a straight line on a distance-time graph.
A car accelerating would have a curved line on
a distance-time graph.

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