Q1.This question is about different substances and their structures.
(a) Draw one line from each statement to the diagram which shows the structure.
Statement Structure
(4)
(b) Figure 1 shows the structure of an element.
Figure 1
Page 2
What is the name of this element?
Tick one box.
Carbon
Chloride
Nitrogen
Xenon
(1)
(c) Why does this element conduct electricity?
Tick one box.
It has delocalised electrons
It contains hexagonal rings
It has weak forces between the layers
It has ionic bonds
(1)
(d) Figure 2 shows the structure of an alloy.
Figure 2
Explain why this alloy is harder than the pure metal Y.
Page 3
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(2)
(e) What percentage of the atoms in the alloys are atoms of X?
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(2)
(f) What type of substance is an alloy?
Tick one box.
Compound
Element
Mixture
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Page 4
Q2.This question is about electrolysis.
(a) Metal spoons can be coated with silver.
This is called electroplating.
Suggest one reason why spoons are electroplated.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) When sodium chloride solution is electrolysed the products are hydrogen and chlorine.
(i) What is made from chlorine?
Tick ( ) one box.
Bleach
Fertiliser
Soap
(1)
(ii) Sodium chloride solution contains two types of positive ions, hydrogen ions (H+) and
sodium ions (Na+).
Why is hydrogen produced at the negative electrode and not sodium?
Tick ( ) one box.
Hydrogen is a gas.
Hydrogen is less reactive than sodium.
Page 5
Hydrogen ions move faster than sodium ions.
(1)
(iii) Hydrogen and chlorine can be used to produce hydrogen chloride.
The diagrams in Figure 1 show how the outer electrons are arranged in an atom of
hydrogen and an atom of chlorine.
Complete Figure 2 to show how the outer electrons are arranged in a molecule of
hydrogen chloride (HCl).
(1)
(iv) What is the type of bond in a molecule of hydrogen chloride?
Tick ( ) one box.
Covalent
Ionic
Page 6
Metallic
(1)
(v) Why is hydrogen chloride a gas at room temperature (20 °C)?
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Hydrogen chloride has a low boiling point.
Hydrogen chloride has a high melting point.
Hydrogen chloride is made of simple molecules.
Hydrogen chloride does not conduct electricity.
Hydrogen chloride has a giant structure.
(2)
(c) Aluminium is produced by electrolysis of a molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite.
This is shown in Figure 3.
Page 7
(i) Name a gas produced at the positive electrode.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Aluminium ions move to the negative electrode.
Explain why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(iii) At the negative electrode, the aluminium ions gain electrons to produce aluminium.
What is this type of reaction called?
Tick ( ) one box.
Combustion
Oxidation
Reduction
(1)
(iv) Aluminium has layers of atoms, as shown in Figure 4.
Page 8
Complete the sentence.
Metals can be bent and shaped because the layers of atoms can ......
(1)
(d) Electrodes used in the production of aluminium are made from graphite.
(i) Which diagram, A, B or C, shows the structure of graphite?
The structure of graphite is shown in diagram
(1)
(ii) The temperature for the electrolysis is 950 °C.
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
cross links a giant ionic lattice strong covalent bonds
Page 9
The graphite does not melt at 950 °C because
graphite has ......................................................... .
(1)
(Total 14 marks)
Page 10
Q3.This question is about diamonds.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
(a) Diamonds are found in meteorites.
(i) Meteorites get very hot when they pass through the Earth’s atmosphere, but the
diamonds do not melt.
high
Diamond has a low melting point.
very
low
(1)
(ii) Most diamonds found in meteorites are nanodiamonds.
hundred
A nanodiamond contains a few thousand atoms
million.
(1)
(b) Diamonds are used for the cutting end of drill bits.
hard.
Diamonds can be used for drill bits because they are shiny.
soft.
(1)
(c) The figure below shows the arrangement of atoms in diamond.
Page 11
(i)
carbon
Diamond is made from nitrogen atoms.
oxygen
(1)
(ii)
three
Each atom in diamond is bonded to four other atoms.
five
(1)
(iii)
covalent
Page 12
Diamond has a giant ionic structure.
metallic
(1)
(iv)
all
In diamond none of the atoms are bonded together.
some
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 13
Q4.The picture shows a student filling in a multiple choice answer sheet using a pencil.
© Cihan Ta?k?n/iStock
The pencil contains graphite. Graphite rubs off the pencil onto the paper.
Diagrams 1 and 2 show how the atoms are arranged in graphite.
(a) Use the diagrams to help you explain why graphite can rub off the pencil onto the paper.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Page 14
(b) Draw a ring around the type of bond which holds the atoms together in each layer.
covalent ionic metallic
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Page 15
Q5. The diagrams represent the structures of five substances, A, B, C, D and E.
(a) Give one substance, A, B, C, D or E, that:
(i) has a very low boiling point
(1)
(ii) is a compound
(1)
Page 16
(iii) is a metal.
(1)
(b) Draw a ring around the type of bonding holding the atoms together in substance C.
covalent ionic metallic
(1)
(c) Explain why substance E is soft and slippery.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 17
Q6. Liquids containing nanoparticles of diamond are used as abrasives.Nanoparticles of diamond
can be used to grind down surfaces to give them a very smooth polished finish.
Abrasive liquid containing Model of part of the diamond structure
nanoparticles of diamond
(a) Diamond is made of one element.
Draw a ring around the name of this element.
calcium carbon chromium cobalt
(1)
(b) Tick ( ) two statements in the table which explain why diamond is hard.
Statement Tick ( )
It is made of layers.
It has weak covalent bonds.
Each atom is joined to four other atoms.
It has a giant structure.
Page 18
It has strong ionic bonds.
(2)
(c) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
very small.
Nanoparticles of diamond are large.
very large.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 19
Q7. The picture shows a student using a pencil to complete a multiple choice answer sheet.
By albertogp123 [CC BY 2.0] , via Flickr
The pencil contains graphite. Graphite rubs off the pencil onto the paper.
Diagrams 1 and 2 show how the atoms are arranged in graphite.
(a) Use Diagram 2 and your Data Sheet to help you to name the element from which graphite
is made.
........................................................................................................................
Page 20
(1)
(b) Use Diagram 1 to help you explain why graphite can rub off the pencil onto the paper.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Draw a ring around the type of bond which holds the atoms together in each layer.
covalent ionic metallic
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 21
Q8. Lightweight handlebars for bicycles are made from materials containing carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanotubes are lightweight but very strong.
The diagram shows the structure of a carbon nanotube.
(a) What does the term ‘nano’ tell you about the diameter of carbon nanotubes?
Tick ( ) the correct answer in the table.
Answer Tick
( )
The diameter of the tube is very small.
The diameter of the tube is large.
The diameter of the tube is very large
(1)
(b) Look at the diagram and then draw a ring around the correct word to complete each
sentence.
(i) Carbon nanotubes are similar to graphite because each carbon atom is joined to
Page 22
two
three other carbon atoms.
four
(1)
covalent
(ii) The carbon atoms are joined by ionic bonds.
metallic
(1)
atoms
(iii) Carbon nanotubes are very strong because the bonds are hard to break.
electrons
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 23
Q9. A drill bit is used to cut holes through materials. The cutting end of this drill bit is covered with
very small diamonds.
By Wanderlinse [CC By 2.0], via Flickr
Draw a ring around the correct word in each box.
carbon
(a) Diamond is made from nitrogen atoms.
oxygen
(1)
none
(b) Diamond has a giant structure in which some of the atoms are joined together.
all
(1)
covalent
Page 24
(c) The atoms in diamond are joined together by ionic bonds.
metallic
(1)
two
(d) In diamond each atom is joined to three other atoms.
four
(1)
hard.
(e) Diamond is suitable for the cutting end of a drill bit because it is shiny.
soft
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 25
