LECTURE 3 OF 5

TOPIC : 4.0 MATRICES AND SYSTEM

OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
SUBTOPIC : 4.2 Determinant of
Matrices

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to
b) find the determinant of a matrix.

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
b) Find the determinant of a matrix

Determinant of a 3x3 matrix

The determinant of 3x3 matrix A can be

evaluated as the sum of the products of
the elements of any one row (or column)
with their respective cofactors.

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
  a11 a12 a13 
 
Given A   a21 a22 a23  .
a a33 
 31 a32

By expanding along the first row,

A  a11C11  a12C12  a13C13

By expanding along the third column,

A  a13C13  a23C23  a33C33

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Example 1
2 0 3 
 
Given A   2  1 0  .
 0 1  2
 
Find A by expanding along
a) the first row.
b) the second column.

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
 2 0 3 
Solution  
A  2 1 0 
0 1  2 

a) Expanding along the first row
 M 11  M 12 M 13 
 
A  a11C11  a12C12  a13C13 C    M 21
 M
 31
M 22
 M 32
 M 23 
M 33 

 a11 ( M 11 )  a12 ( M 12 )  a13 ( M 13 )

 a11M 11  a12 M 12  a13 M 13
1 0 2 0 2 1
2 0  3
1 2 0 2 0 1
 2(2  0)  0 (4  0)  3(2  0)
 406
 10
KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
 2 0 3 
 
A  2 1 0 
0 1  2 

b) Expanding along the second column
A  a12C12  a22C22  a32C32
 a12 ( M 12 )  a22 ( M 22 )  a32 ( M 32 )
 a12 M 12  a22 M 22  a32 M 32
2 0 2 3 2 3
 0  (1)  1
0 2 0 2 2 0
 0 (4  0)  1(4  0)  1(0  6)
 046
 10
KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Example 2
 2 3  4
 
Given A   5  6 3  .
 4 2  3
 
Find the determinant of A.

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
  2 3  4
 
Solution A  5  6 3 
 4 2  3
 

A  a11C11  a12C12  a13C13

 a11 ( M 11 )  a12 ( M 12 )  a13 ( M 13 )

 a11M 11  a12 M 12  a13 M 13

6 3 5 3 5 6
2 3  (4)
2 3 4 3 4 2
 2 (18  6)  3 (15  12)  4 (10  24)
 2(12)  3(27)  4(34)
 31

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Example 3
1 0 1 
 
Given that A   3 x2 4 .
1 x  3 
 1

If A  3 , Find the values of x .

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
 1 0 1 
 
Solution A  3
1
x2 4 
 1 x  3 

A  3 A  a11M 11  a12 M 12  a13 M 13

x2 4 3 4 3 x2
1 0  (1)  3
1 x 3 1 x 3 1 1

1( x 2  5 x  6  4)  0 (3x  9  4)  1(3  x  2)  3
x 2  5 x  2  0  5  x  3
x2  4x  0
x( x  4)  0
x  0 or x  4

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Properties of determinant

1) kA  k n A where k is scalar and n is an

order of the matrices
2) AB  A B

3) AT  A

4) The value of the determinant changes sign

when two rows or columns are interchanged.

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Example 4
 1 a 2
 
Given A   3 4 b  .
 2 0 c
 
If A  4 , find the value of

a) AT

b) A 2

c) 5 A

KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Solution

a) AT  A
4

b) A2  AA
AB  A B
 A A
 (4)(4)
 16

c ) 5 A  53 A kA  k n A
n3
 125(4)
 500
KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Example 5
a b c
Given that d e f 5, find the value of
g h i

d e f
a) a b c
g h i

a d g
b) b e f
c f i

2a 2b 2c
c ) 2d 2e 2f
2g 2h 2i
KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW
Solution
a b c
d e f a b c d e f 5

c  d
g h i
a) a b e f
g h i g h i
 5

a d g a b c
b) b e f  d e f AT  A
c f i g h i

5
2a 2b 2c a b c
2f 2 d kA  k n A
3
c ) 2d 2e e f
2g 2h 2i g h i
n3
 8(5)
 40 KKW/CHC/CCL/CCW