University of Gondar Department of Biomedical

Engineering
Host Company: Infinity Advanced Technology Solution
Duration of Internship: four months
Name of Interns: ID
1. Yonas Melsew-------------------------------------03176/11
2. Eyosias Biresaw---------------------------------03212/11
3. Kaleab Seyoum-----------------------------------03513/11
4. Surafel Yimam----------------------------------03243/11
5. Wondimu Mitiku-------------------------------03700/11

Submitted to:
Submission date:
Students Declaration
We declare that the work given in this internship report is entirely original with accurate
citations to all sources used. We are aware that academic dishonesty, such as plagiarism, will
result in disciplinary action. Additionally, we certify that this report has not been submitted to
another course, program, or organization for evaluation.
Name of students Signature
1.Eyosias Biresaw ___________
2. Kaleab seyoum ____________
3.Wondimu Mitiku ____________
4. Surafeal Yimam ____________
5. Yonas Melsew ____________

Supervisor Approval
I, declare that my approval to the work that has submitted for this internship report verify
accurate reflection of the intern's work and experiences.
Name of the Supervisor:__________________
Signature:_____________
Acknowledgment
As a student learning at University of Gondar joining Infinity as interns was one of the
biggest and accurate decisions that would help to build our carrier path. So far, within our stay
we have learnt a lot from our senior Engineers, managers and other staffs. By joining Infinity,
not only we learn imaging modalities and other medical machines installation and maintenances,
but also we had a great exposure about the challenges they faced and how they passed it
throughout their lifetime from our senior Field service engineers. Their expertise and insights
were very instrumental in helping us to shape and refine our knowledge and skill as a biomedical
engineer. We want to give them our deepest gratitude for all the staffs especially Gash Wossen,
our human resource manager, for creating this opportunity for us to discover and enhance our
Skills. Finally, we want to thank our Supervisor Miss Mahlet for providing us assistance and
follow up on our report and project writings.
Executive summary
This internship report gives a summary of the tasks completed and the experiences during
the internship period. The main duties and responsibilities carried out, the skills and information
picked up, and the overall effect of the internship on the intern's professional development and
the mini projects assigned are highlighted in the report. The internship provided the opportunity
to get real-world experience in the field of Biomedical Engineering and tried to put our academic
theory to use.
Moreover, advanced crucial abilities including problem-solving, communication, teamwork,
discipline and analytical thinking were developed throughout the period. Having said this, the
chance to collaborate directly with seasoned professionals was given to assume more
responsibility as their knowledge and abilities advanced. Overall, the internship was a
worthwhile educational opportunity that helped to advance our professional knowledge and
abilities. Every intern is really appreciative of the chance and eager to use what they have learnt
in their future profession.
Table of Contents
List of Figures 7

List of Tables 7

Acronyms 1

Chapter 1: Background History of Internship Hosting company 2

1.1 Brief History 2

1.2 Main Products or Services 2

1.3 Main Customers 3

1.4 Range of Services They Provide 3

1.5 Overflow of the Organization 4

Chapter 2:Overall Internship Experience 5

2.1 Section of the Company we are working 5

2.2 Tasks we execute 6

2.2.1 Maintenance and Record of Repair 6

2.2.2 Corrective Maintenance 9

2.2.3 Preventive Maintenance Participation 10

2.2.4 Observation of Purchase 14

2.2.5 Installation of MRI 17

2.1 Challenges we Face 20

2.2 Steps Taken to Overcome Challenges 20

Chapter three: Overall benefits gained from Internship 21

3.1 Benefits Gained during the period 21

3.2 Benefits gained in terms of Practical Skills 21

3.3 Benefits gained in terms of theoretical Knowledge 21

 3.3 Benefits gained In terms of Interpersonal Communication Skills 22

3.4 Interms of Team Playing Skills 23

3.5 Benefits gained in terms of Leadership Skills 23

3.4 Benefits gained in terms ofWork Ethics Related Issues 24

3.5 Benefits gained in terms of Entrepreneurship Skills 24

Chapter 4: Description of mini-project 24

4.1 Brief description of the project(Site inspector) 24

4.2 Problem statement and justification 25

4.3 Hardware Components of the device 26

4.3.1 Raspberry pi 26

4.3.2 DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor 26

4.3.3 Missing phase, Voltage and phase sequence detection 27

4.4 Total Electrical connections of the project 28

4.4 Benefits of the project 29

Chapter 5: Identification of focused problems in Healthcare 29

5.1 Systemic Patient-focused Issues in the Healthcare system 29

5.2 Impact of The issues 30

5.3 Observation That Lead to the Identification of the Problem 30

5.4 Challenges that have Caused the Problem From Being Solved in the Past 31

Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendation 32

6.1 Conclusion 32

6.2 Recommendation 32

References 33

Appendices 35
List of Figures
Figure 1: workshop area at Infinity advanced technology...............................................................4
Figure 2: Overall workflow of the company...................................................................................5
Figure 3: Ct scan Preventive maintainance at Tor hayloch Specialized Hospital.........................14
Figure 4:Homepage of odour.........................................................................................................15
Figure 5:Purchase window............................................................................................................15
Figure 6:Inventory Window..........................................................................................................16
Figure 7: Store received.................................................................................................................16
Figure 8: EMI filter for scanning room lights and sockets............................................................17
Figure 9: lead door and lead glass window...................................................................................18
Figure 10: forklift unload MRI accessories...................................................................................18
Figure 11: After unloading of MRI with a roller...........................................................................19
Figure 12: System cabinet Installation..........................................................................................20
Figure 13: Raspberry pi.................................................................................................................26
Figure 14: DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor....................................................................27
Figure 15: connections of Missing phase, Voltage and phase sequence detection.......................27
Figure 16:Total Electrical connection of inspector......................................................................28

List of Tables
Table 1: Maintainance and record repair Table...............................................................................8
Table 2: Corrective maintainance table.........................................................................................10
Table 3: lists of machine for preventive maintainance..................................................................13
Acronyms

GE General Electric
FZE Free Zone Establishment
IATS Infinity advanced Technology Solutions
OR Operation room
CT Computed Tomography
MRI Magnetic Resonance Image
CR Computed Radiography

1
Chapter 1: Background History of Internship Hosting company

1.1 Brief History

The ongoing expansion of company chances is highly beneficial given the big and
unjustified market. Positive developments are projected, despite the fact that the country's
existing microeconomic climate poses obstacles to the growth and development of businesses.
Currently, the company’s head office is located at Addis Ababa Bole, Jupiter Hotel. [1]
Infinity has been taking proactive steps to ensure that it will be in a position to capitalize and
take full advantage of the changes. It undertakes the most complex turnkey projects in
partnership with the best medical equipment manufacturers in the world.
The strongest partnerships are with industry leaders such as:
 Boston Medical FZE,
 GE healthcare,
 Karl Storz and Carestream Health with whom they have exclusivity agreements.
Additionally, they have relationship with KLS Martin, Sturdy, Terumo, BenQ, Zimmer, and
Boston Scientific & Better Medical.

1.2 Main Products or Services

IATS has several departments including each compromising specific tasks and products
 Coffee exporting departments: These are well known for monitoring the coffee export
and import
 Field service Engineers (Biomedical engineers) department: The back bone departments
which are engaged in giving service of installation and maintenances of equipment’s
 Logistic department: They are responsible for packaging and controlling the
transportations of ordered parts of medical equipment’s and installation of machines.
 IT department: They are responsible for networking and monitoring whenever software
crashed or become an issue.
 Finance department: These department controls the financial transactions of the
company.
  Managers and Coordinators staff department: They are engaged in assigning field service
engineers and has key role in making agreements with customers.
IATS is also well known for distribution and installment of medical supplies and also engaged
coffee exporting as additional business. Its main products and services include:
 Surgical solutions such as OR room installations
 Laboratory solutions including Autostainer, Tissue processor ,Microtomes and others
 Digital Imaging solutions including CT-scan, MRI and others
 Life care solutions such as Anastasia machine procurement and installations, Diagnostic
Cardiology, Maternal ,patient monitors installation and corrective maintenance. [2]

1.3 Main Customers

The main customers of Infinity encompass a wide range of public health centers to higher
and advanced health centers. Some of the customers we observed are:
Samaritan Surgical centers - Betezata clinic
-Abet hospital -pioneer diagnostic center
-Black lion hospital
-Tor hayloch specialized hospital

1.4 Range of Services They Provide

Through the successful completion of several challenging turnkey projects, Infinity has
demonstrated its technical and operational proficiency. Infinity practices continual improvement,
makes investments in equipment, training, and spare parts inventories. Infinity tracks real-time
digital records on equipment and related documentation using IT infrastructure. This makes it
possible to provide excellent services, prepare proactively, and help people make educated
decisions to lower the risk of unplanned interruptions to patient care and productivity.
Infinity provides customers with proactive advice and takes appropriate proactive actions to
prevent equipment downtime through the use of real-time power, environment, and equipment
monitoring solutions. Since January 2017, a completely functional workshop facility has been in
operation located at Bole, Cargo.
 Figure 1: workshop area at Infinity advanced technology

1.5 Overflow of the Organization

The technical services division of Infinity Advanced Technology Solutions (which

encompasses biomedical field service engineers) follows a structured workflow to guarantee that
its customers receive efficient and effective service. More than 500 health facilities in Ethiopia
have received medical equipment from Infinity and had it installed. This entails more than 2,000
pieces of equipment. A team of well-trained, seasoned, and equipment-specialized Biomedical,
Electrical, and Mechanical engineers make up the total of 32 technical resources under Technical
Services.
 Stakeholders and owner

Managerial divisions
Sales
engineers

Field
Logistics Finance
It departments service
department department
department

Figure 2: Overall workflow of the company

Chapter 2:Overall Internship Experience

2.1 Section of the Company we are working

The overall experience gained since joining infinity was great. During the three-month
period of internship program, the opportunity to explore and discover about many imaging
modalities and other machines visually and theoretically such as MRI, CT scan, SPECT-CT,
Cathlabs and x-ray Machines were given. In addition to this, some interns were given
opportunities to attend training programs on Cathlabs and Some laboratory equipment’s such as
Microtome and Tissue processors given by specialist engineers.
IATS has different departments as it’s mentioned above. The office for the biomedical field
service engineering department is located at Bole, Cargo branch. The joining of infinity as an
intern of Biomedical engineering made us assigned with field service engineers. Whenever field
service engineers are called one or two person from intern would join them as assistance.
Therefore, the section of the company we were working is as assistance of biomedical field
service engineers.

2.2 Tasks we execute

Our main task Include:

 Providing labor and technical assistance since many machines especially imaging
modalities are very huge and bulky to transport to customers.
 Monitoring and implementation of service report signing after completion of any work.
After completion of any work, field service engineers supposed to get an approval from
the customers with a signature, but sometimes they face shortage of time to do due to
different reasons, for example the authority may be absent or get busy to sign. Therefore
the interns are sent to customers to complete the signatures of the service report after the
assigned job is completed.
 Attending trainings whenever trainings are scheduled at least once in a month.
 Report writing once in a month. The report focuses on writing the equipment’s observed
and the troubleshoots taken when visiting different sites.
 Doing preventive and corrective maintenance with field service engineers since
preventive maintenance for large imaging modalities are held every 3 months.
2.2.1 Maintenance and Record of Repair

No_ 1 2 3 4 5

Types of equipment Ct scan Magnetic Computed ventilator Air

resonance radiography conditioner
imaging (MRI) (CR)

Model Bright speed Optima Direct View Carescape Super

MR360 Vita r860 general
Advance

Serial number 170189MMS 5433834-1EN 290414300 23485909173 5898E48224

When it failed Not known Not known Not known Not known Not known

Who worked on repair Getahun ,Sirak Fisseha , Sirak ,Mihret Rahel Mulalegeta,D
and intern Ayichilum intern intern eguma
students students students intern
students

Start date of repair 05/11/2022 09/12/2022 07/11/2022 19/01/2023 22/12/2022

Completion data on 05/11/2022 09/12/2022 09/11/2022 26/01/2023 22/12/2022

repair

Cause of failure The x-ray tube Head coil Eraser board, Compressor refrigerant
doesn’t get failure front and stop working gas leakage
high voltage Body coil back end
failure roller not
working

Description of what High voltage Diode Eraser board, Clean the Service valve
was done to make (HV) tank replacement on front and compressor replacement
repair replacement head coil back end air filters
Capacitor roller Replace flow
replacement on replacement valve
body coil

Additional repair X-ray tube calibration Cassette and Replace flow Addition of
warm up and firm sensors refrigerant
fast calibration replacement gas through
outdoor unit

No_ 6 7 8 9 10

Types of Equipment Uninterrupted Infant Patient Operation Ultrasound

 Power Supply Incubator Monitoring Room (OR)
(UPS) Table

Model Anchor Giraffe CARESCAP Vivid T8

E VC150

Serial Number 1100173965C5 6026993WK

When It Failed Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known

Who Worked on Biruk,Mihret Rahel Rahel Intern Yemarshet Natinael

Repair Intern Students Intern Students Students Intern Intern
Students Students

Start Date of Repair 28/09/2022 19/10/2022 02/12/2022 04/10/2022 24/09/2022

Completion Data on 01/12/2022 19/10/2022 02/12/2022 04/10/2022 30/09/2022

Repair

Capacitor Cause of Signal Cable DC Power Signal Turn

Failure Failure Not Supply Board Off and Turn
Inverter Connected Failure On
Failure
Battery Failure

Description of What Capacitor, Power Board Connecting 5V and 24V Check the
Was Done to Make Inverter And Replacement Signal Cable Power Supply Signal Cable
Repair Battery Replacement
Replacement
Additional Repair It Needs IGBT Tightening the RAM
Replacement Loosen Cable Replacement
but We Didn’t Connection
Have That Part
at That
Moment

Table 1: Maintenance and record repair Table

2.2.2 Corrective Maintenance

During Corrective maintenances:
 The first step is to inspect the faults of machines physically. This includes checking
whether there are damaged wires, loosening of some cables, and checking whether all
the components are held in clean environment.
 If still the machine is not corrected and no power issue problems we further inspect by
connecting the pcs with the machine wag and see the error logs.
 After observing the error logs and cannot be corrected field service engineers will
communicate with managements and further verify the problems.
 If the machine need spare parts Service coordinators will communicate with the
company of the machine and give them inspection report to order the damage
components

No_ 11 12 13 14 15

Types of Lithotripsy Ct scan Electroen Magnetic Blood gas

equipment cephalogr resonance analyzer
am (EEG) imaging
(MRI)
model E1000 ESWL revolution MBL

Serial number CL6QC19 754R1586

001314M N0003

When it failed Not known Not known Not Not known Not
known known

Who worked on Getahun Getahun Yemarshet Mikiyas ,Fis Yemarshet

repair intern intern intern seha Intern
students students students intern students
students

Start date of 22/11/2022 11/11/2022 02/11/2022 12/12/2022 04/11/2022

repair

Completion 22/11/2022 11/11/2022 04/11/2022 12/12/2022 04/11/2022

data on repair

Cause of failure Bubble X-ray tube Improper X, Y and Z Software

formation on failure grounding and gradient magnet issue
shock wave signal noise improper
transmitter placement
water Distorted
image

Description of Replace the X-ray tube Installation of X, Y and Z calibration

what was done distilled water replacement grounding gradient magnet
to make repair degassing cable with gain calibration
resistance of 2
ohm

Additional Removing X-ray tube Test with

 repair bubbles using warm up and phantom
software fast calibration
Table 2: Corrective maintenance table

2.2.3 Preventive Maintenance Participation

During the time of preventive maintenances:
 The first step is checking whether all the necessary tools are held. Some of the main
tools include: Blowers, vacuum cleaners, gloves, Full set tool boxes such as Allen
keys, Screw drivers, Philips and so on.
 Almost all imaging modalities have air conditioners at their room therefore second
step include cleaning filters of the ACs located at technical room and scanning rooms.
 Carefully follow and implement instructions given by senior engineers and carry on
the procedures.
 If it’s large imaging modalities like CT scan open the whole side of the machines.
 Using blowers blow the whole machines by taking appropriate care for some delicate
electronic equipment’s and boards.
 Filters and Air dust trappers are cleaned.
Finally the machine would be reassembled and carry on calibrations and tests.

No_ 1 2 3 4 5

Types of CT SCAN MRI CATLAB ventilator Air

equipment conditioner

Model Bright speed Hitachi Optima 330 Carescaper860 West point

Serial number 170189MMS __________ DV4551600018 23485909173 6003D75317

HL

Description of X-ray tube Compressor Cabinet Compressor Indoor unit

maintenance task cooler’s filter blowing cleaning filter cleaning filter clean
performed clean Cabinet blowing Body cleaning and Evaporator
Carbon brush replacement blow
 clean & Chillier blowing Lubricating of Replacement
replacement moveable parts of bacteria and
Detector fan carbon filters
clean Draining water
trap

Who performed Yemarshet Ayichilum ,Nano Ambaye Biya Yonatan

the maintenance

How often the Every three Every three Every three Every three Every three
maintenance task month month month month month
was performed

Dates the 15/01/2023 16/11/2022 09/11/2022 27/01/2023 15/01/2023

maintenance
task was
performed
during internship

Steps taken to All tools Signals checked In order to System Physical

ensure checked by oscilloscope prevent checkup inspection
continued physical Shimming software crash performed at was made.

performance of inspection signals were configuration the screen. Check

made checked backup taken Physical pressure of
maintenance
Gantry Cabinets were Cleaned all the inspection was refrigerant
task
opened cleaned gears and made. gas
Calibration Calibration made mechanical Clean all Clean the
made body filters and
 blow all the indoor filters
components Blow
evaporators

No_ 6 7 8 9

Types of Uninterrupted Lithotripsy ultrasound C-arm

equipment power supply
(UPS)

Model SG series S1 LOGIQP7 BrivoOEC 785

Serial number S11203015R5 LP7050565 B3551800

60D 369

Description of Blowing the Distilled water Clean front-end Battery status

maintenance task fan Inspect replacement processor check
performed the UPS room Degassing Clean back end Mechanical
temperature Cleaning the processor movement
water reservoir Clean keyboard check and
tank and display lubricate
Replacing silver Test exposure
sand Test image
quality using
low exposure

Who performed Mihiret Getahun Natinael Ambaye

the maintenance

How often the Every three Every three Every three Every three
maintenance task month month month month
was performed

Dates the 30/10/2022 16/11/2022 09/11/2022 17/10/2022

maintenance
task was
performed during
intern-ship

Steps taken to Check voltage Physical Physical and Mechanical

ensure continued output using inspection made software movements
performance of multimeter inspection made are checked.
maintenance task Physical Open cover and Battery
inspection dusts are blown performance
made. Clean the filters checked.
Blow Reassemble the Auto exposure
components cover checked.
using blower

Table 3: lists of machine for preventive maintenances

 Figure 3: Ct scan Preventive maintenances at Tor hayloch Specialized Hospital

2.2.4 Observation of Purchase

 At infinity purchase is made when the customer gives order with their specification,
unless they want the company give a recommendation of each equipment.
 Once the customer chooses which model and brand to buy, and a common team from
both (company and customer) will make an agreement paper and signed. The paper will
include brand, model, part warranty, service warranty, installation, application training,
maintenance training, and time of warranty
 After agreement the equipment’s are ordered from partner suppliers and manufacturers
and it takes about minimum of 3 months to reach our country. Manufacturing suppliers’
partners and Infinity have online software to communicate with each other and make an
agreement.
 The company will make back to back agreement with the manufacturer like customer.
 The manufacturer is responsible for equipment until it reaches the company during
shipment. Different departments like sells department, marketing department , logistic
department ,service department ,finance department and management department will
participate with whole process of equipment from ordering to installation.
 When the equipment enters to Ethiopia, it immediately goes to Ethiopian Revenue &
Customs Authority and it takes 1-3 days to exit. After that, biomedical engineer will inspect any
physical damage during shipment and check weather all accessories are present based on the
check list prepared by the company. Finally, the equipment will be unloaded to the prepared site
using forklift. Purchasing accessories at a local market This also done by using cloud-based
software like odour. Starting from the software below is the home page for the software

Figure 4:Homepage of odour

Purchasing accessories and some tools are the responsible for store kipper when field engineers
ask for different site. Then the workshop manager will teach purchase from home screen.

Figure 5:Purchase window

And they will enter the specification and name of the parts or accessories and send to the
purchaser department. Then the purchaser department will harvest preform from different
vendors and attach it on the software. And the field engineer will confirm that the parts or
accessories meet the specification.

Figure 6:Inventory Window

After the field engineer confirms the specification, the purchaser will ask finance department for
money. Finally the finance will attach and need a confirmation from management department.
Then the part or accessories will buy from the vender, which provides the best deal when we
compared with others. And the parts or accessories will send to store.

Figure 7: Store received

The storekeeper will confirm that he receive the parts or accessories.
2.2.5 Installation of MRI

MRI Site Preparation

MRI site must include the following things before magnetizing
 MRI site should include scanning room, technical room, control room and the
recommended area is around 70-80 square meters.
 Scanning room cover with galvanized radio frequency (RF) shield to isolate the scanning
room from any electromagnet interference.
 EMI filters for room light and any sockets inside the scanning room.

Figure 8: EMI filter for scanning room lights and sockets

 Air conditioner must be installed on the technical room and enters to the scanning room
by duct.
 Quench pipe must be installed for helium expel during emergency.
 Extraction pump must be installed to expel helium from the scanning room during
ramping (make the coil magnetized).
 lead door and lead glass window installation
MRI installation

Figure 9: lead door and lead glass window

 Unloading MRI accessories like cabinet ,helium compressor ,compressor

stabilizer ,power distributive box(PDB) body chilled, gradient chiller, cabinet chilled,
……..

Figure 10: forklift unload MRI accessories

MRI Magnet Insertion
 The main challenge in MRI installation is inserting the magnet because the magnet is
around 7 ton(70,000 kg) it take 6 hour to move about 13m distance.

Figure 11: After unloading of MRI with a roller

System cabinet Installation
The system cabinet is brain of MRI. It consists of RF and gradient amplifiers, ERC, heat
exchangers and so on. The placement of the cabinet is front side of cabinet is positioned at the
opening of the scanning room and it is blocked by mesh .The mesh is made from copper fins
which blocks unnecessary signals and dusts. It has also chiller separately for cooling purpose.
Then wiring is made to the main superconductive magnet.
 Figure 12: System cabinet Installation

2.1 Challenges we Face

During our internship period we encounter several challenges as intern students. This includes:
 One of the challenges we faced was working late nights. Sometimes Engineers should
complete their jobs with specified time. So whenever they are working time could pass
by and work lately. It’s been challenge for us especially for student having family.
 Limited user and technical manuals for some equipment which makes it difficult
especially for maintenance.
 Lack of spare parts due to being updated to the latest model especially for the old
devices.
 Limited theoretical knowledge especially with new model equipment that makes the time
of procedure to last longer. Some examples include Cath labs and C arms
 Lack of practical knowledge because of not having this kind of experience at the earlier
classes.
 Electrical shocks in workshop area

2.2 Steps Taken to Overcome Challenges

Since facing challenge is part of human life journey practicing to overcome the challenges is a
key role. Several measures were taken. Many challenges we overcome is by reading and digging
out further in internet. Since the first steps to overcome a challenge is identifying the root cause,
therefore whenever we face shortages of practical and theoretical knowledge besides asking our
senior field service engineers we tried to dig out deeply and understand the problems.
In addition to this, one day we face the problems of minimal electrical shock around workshop
area. So the steps we took are disassembling all the circuit components and add grounding wire
across all the panels. Consequently, we overcome the problem and create appropriate
environment for workers.

Chapter three: Overall benefits gained from Internship

3.1 Benefits Gained during the period

As biomedical engineering students, entering at Infinity Advanced Technology Solutions

has been a valuable experience in adding to and enhancing our knowledge and skill on a number
of arrays of skills and experiences. Previously stated about the company, during the experience
the works involved in importing, installing, servicing, application training and maintaining of
large medical devices has been clearly understood. Most notably several CTs, MRIs, and a single
SPECT/ CT. Working in IATS provided us with a unique opportunity to work in almost sectors
and phases with cutting-edge technology.

3.2 In terms of Practical Skills

During the internship period, the gain of hands-on experience in the installation and
maintenance of these medical devices has been a great knowledge to our understanding .The
technical aspects of the equipment, such as troubleshooting and repair, as well as the regulatory
compliance requirements for these devices were learnt. These procedures often involved other
tools and technical aspects that required knowledge and experience. Since,the internship
provided us opportunity to work with a team of experienced professionals in the field, valuable
guidance and mentorship throughout each and every procedure were taught. Moreover, the best
practices for maintaining these medical devices, from things such as which tool to use, when to
use them and the order in which we would need to use them has been taught. In addition to this
focusing on the importance of safety and quality control has been advised.

3.3 In terms of theoretical Knowledge

 In addition to the practical skills that it gives the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding
of theoretical concepts related to biomedical engineering. learning about the latest advances in
medical imaging technology, as well as the underlying principles that make these devices
function were given us as a notice. Deeper understanding of the regulatory compliance
requirements for medical devices, and the importance of ensuring that these devices are safe and
effective for patients were given. This knowledge will be useful as we continue our studies in
biomedical engineering, as well as in our future careers in the field. The everyday real-world
setting provided us with the opportunity to observe the daily operations of the company. In days
we weren’t out in the hospitals or diagnostic centers, different errands in the workshop and
storage units were given. Working in those units allowed us to learn about the business aspect of
biomedical engineering, such as how to manage the inventory, how to handle customer
complaints, and how to market the company and its products.

3.3 In terms of Interpersonal Communication Skills

Working and interacting the professionals in the office, as well as the medical professionals
in the different health centers we visited provided us with the opportunity to improve
interpersonal communication skills. In the office and during service trips, being able to work
with a team of experienced professionals in the field, provided the opportunity to develop our
ability to communicate effectively with colleagues and supervisors. Since every intern is always
asked to participate and encouraged to communicate as if part of the team, expressing ideas and
concerns clearly and professionally, and how to actively listen and respond to feedback were
learnt so far. The opportunity to interact with customers, which allowed us to practice our
customer service skills were provided. How to handle customer complaints, how to provide
technical support, and how to explain complex technical concepts in simple terms were the main
turnkey learning for us..
Tasks are assigned by one team leader, sometimes the exposure to be team leaders. through
those experiences, learning about the importance of teamwork, and how to collaborate with
other members of the team to achieve common goals. This experience helped us to understand
the importance of clear communication, active listening, and flexibility.
3.4 In terms of Team Playing Skills

The company has a collaborative environment where teamwork is highly valued, and as
interns, learning how to work effectively with other members of the team is the core skill one
should develop. Importance of clear communication, active listening, and how to be flexible
when working on projects are the major characters. Observation of how experienced
professionals work together to achieve common goals and how to handle conflicts and different
points of view was understood. We were also able to learn about the importance of trust, respect,
and accountability in a team, as well as how to take ownership of our part of the project and to be
a reliable team member. IATS has a diverse workforce both nationally and internationally. Team
members always consisted of people from different backgrounds and cultures, which helped us
to understand the importance of diversity, and how to communicate and work with people from
different backgrounds.

3.5 In terms of Leadership Skills

We also had the opportunity to improve our leadership skills. Even as interns, once we had
been there for a month, we were allowed to go to service trips alone or with inexperienced
interns. This experience provided us with the chance to take on a leadership role and develop our
ability to manage a team effectively. learning about the importance of setting clear goals and
expectations, as well as how to provide guidance and support to team members are the crucial
important skills .In addition to this how to delegate tasks, how to monitor progress, and how
provide feedback were learnt. The opportunity to learn how to make decisions and handle
unexpected situations was another hidden skills. We were also able to observe how experienced
professionals lead and manage a team, which helped us to understand the importance of
flexibility, communication, and the ability to adapt to change.
Our supervisor had initially told us what was expected from us, which was punctuality and to
be available for the time we were expected to be. This and some other responsibilities had given
us the opportunity to improve our understanding of working ethics-related issues.
3.4 In terms of Work Ethics Related Issues

Even as interns, we were expected to be present every day, on time, which helped us to
understand the importance of punctuality and reliability in the workplace. Additionally, asking
properly and do our errands and chores accordingly which helped us to understand the
importance of professionalism and the value of following company policies and procedures.
learning about the importance of maintaining confidentiality and data privacy, as well as the
importance of adhering to industry regulations and standards were very important. learning about
the importance of maintaining ethical standards, and how to recognize and report any potential
ethical violations were some leftovers.

3.5 In terms of Entrepreneurship Skills

Most importantly, the overall experience provided us with the opportunity to improve our
entrepreneurship skills. Through our internship, exposing to a variety of knowledge and had the
chance to meet a lot of people in the medical device industry. This provided us with a broad
understanding of the industry, including the clients, engineers, the work to be done and expected,
the market, and the devices or their parts available. Additionally, the chance to observe was
given during day-today operations of the company and how to manage the inventory, how handle
customer complaints and how market the company and its products. Understanding about the
importance of innovation, risk-taking, and how to think outside the box. This experience helped
us to develop our ability to think strategically and to identify new business opportunities.
Overall, our internship at Infinity Advanced Technology Solutions has been a valuable
learning experience that has helped us to improve our leadership skills. These skills will be
invaluable as We continue our studies and enter the workforce as biomedical engineers. We are
grateful for the opportunity to intern with the company and look forward to applying our
newfound leadership skills in the future.

Chapter 4: Description of mini-project

4.1 Brief description of the project (Site inspector)

 Site inspector is a device that monitors the state of the rooms temperature and humidity,
the amount of voltage entering and leaving the uninterrupted power supply(ups), checks phase
reversal and missing phase conditions of the site then it registers the data and sends the
information of sudden changes and out of range values via the internet.

4.2 Problem statement and justification

The company works in different sites as it is very difficult to personally visit and inspect the
condition of devices and rooms and also the personnel available in that site are not that
dependable to inform issues and changes that may occur on time, these working conditions has
been a big problem for quit some times. One of those issues are raising temperature and humidity
in a room, rising temperature which is caused by malfunction of the air conditioner unit will
cause the machine to over hit and leads to equipment damage causing the machine to be out of
service for some times and maintains uncomfortable working conditions for the radiographers
and patients. Therefore, monitoring the temperature will provide information about air
conditioner units whether its functioning properly. The other thing to inspect is the air humidity
which is responsible for the condensations formed in the ac systems leading to more water to be
drained and it causes some metallic materials to corrode. The above problems are regarding to
room conditions the rest conditions we found as an issue are regarding to power supply one of
them is the amount of voltage interring and leaving the ups, the voltage fluctuation before the
ups cause the ups to work more and reduce its life span and may damage some fuses on the ups,
but voltage fluctuation after ups is very un-acceptable it will totally damage sensitive
components of the device as a result monitoring the amount of voltage interring and leaving the
ups is very crucial. The other important condition to inspect is the amount of current that is
provided by each phase because it indicates a major issue which is missing phase, if the current
in the two of the phases much greater than the other it implies that motors, pumps, blowers, and
other equipment are drawing excessive current on the remaining two phases because of that one
missing phase. which quickly overheats the motor winding causing equipment failure and costly
downtime. The last thing is phase reversal condition the problem causes motors to run in
opposite direction of the original direction contactor coils to burn out.
In general, all the condition that we inspect causes equipment failure if they are not monitored
regularly, it is not that difficult to know how important is equipment functionality to all health
care sectors.

4.3 Hardware Components of the device

4.3.1 Raspberry pi
The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer, that is programmed in
languages like Scratch and Python. It’s capable of doing everything you’d expect a desktop
computer to do, from browsing the internet and playing high-definition video, to making
spreadsheets, word-processing, and playing games. Its included in our project because of its
capacity to store data, its ability to access the internet without any additional modules and its
high computing power with different supported programming languages.

Figure 13: Raspberry pi

4.3.2 DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor

The DHT22 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor that comes with a
dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of
temperature and humidity as serial data.
 Figure 14: DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor
4.3.3 Missing phase, Voltage and phase sequence detection
To detect the above three Missing phase, Voltage and phase sequence we have designed a
custom circuit with transformer, full wave and half wave rectifiers then we we feed the values to
raspberry pi to interpreted the data to usable information.

Figure 15: connections of Missing phase, Voltage and phase sequence detection
4.4 Total Electrical connections of the project

Figure 16:Total Electrical connection of Inspector

The three transformers in sections B0, B2, and B4 will receive single phase 220 volt from the
three-phase supply in section 0A and step it down to 4v for each secondary coil. Each voltage in
the transformer's secondary coil will be rectified using a full wave and a half wave rectifier. We
rectify the voltages because microcontrollers and processors only work with dc voltage, and half
wave rectification is required to distinguish the dc voltage as positive and negative by chopping
the other half cycle of the voltage to simulate phase reversal condition. Because the raspberry has
only digital pins, this data will be fed to MCP3208, an IC that converts analog signals to digital.
The ADC IC selects a channel from its analog inputs and outputs only one signal to the raspberry
pi. The other component is the DHT22, which has three pins: VDD, DATA, and GND. VDD and
GND are connected to their respective values, while the Data pin is connected to the Raspberry
Pi's GPIO pin. COMPIM is used in Proteus to model physical COM interfaces, and we utilized it
in our project to send and receive data over the internet. The push buttons in the lower left corner
are only for simulation, simulating phase reversal and missing phase conditions.

4.4 Benefits of the project

The project is beneficial directly for both the hospital and the medical equipment
suppliers. Considering the benefits for the hospital it reduces the devices down time. In addition
to this it reduces unnecessary costs resulting with faults occurred at any time. As a result, its
indirectly very important for proper diagnostic of patients by saving their money and time.
The device we chose to work on as our project is requested by our host company because
the inspector that is available only comes with a purchase of device from a specific company and
it is not available on the market for purchase.

Chapter 5: Identification of focused problems in Healthcare

5.1 Systemic Patient-focused Issues in the Healthcare system

Some of the major patient focused issues has been reviewed. Among them some are listed below:
 Access to care: unequal distribution of healthcare resources leading to unequal access to
medical services.
 Cost: high cost of healthcare services, insurance, and medications, leading to financial
burden on patients.
 Quality of care: variations in the quality of care across different healthcare facilities, and
disparities in the outcomes for patients.
 Lack of patient engagement: limited patient involvement in decision-making, leading to
ineffective treatment plans.
 Fragmented care: lack of coordination and communication between healthcare providers,
leading to duplicated tests and treatments.
 Disparities: unequal treatment based on factors such as race, ethnicity, and socio-
economic status.
 Limited health literacy: lack of understanding of health information and inadequate
patient education, leading to poor health outcomes.
5.2 Impact of Issues

 Access to care: Lack of access to healthcare services results in delayed or inadequate

treatment, poor health outcomes, and increased costs due to complications.
 Cost: High healthcare costs can lead to financial strain and bankruptcy, discourage
individuals from seeking necessary medical care, and impact overall public health.
 Quality of care: Variations in the quality of care can result in unequal health outcomes
and a lack of trust in the healthcare system.
 Lack of patient engagement: When patients are not actively involved in their own care,
they may not fully understand their conditions or treatment plans, leading to ineffective
outcomes and dissatisfaction with the healthcare system.
 Fragmented care: Fragmented care leads to duplicated tests and treatments, increased
costs, and a lack of continuity of care, which can result in adverse events and poor health
outcomes.
 Disparities: Unequal treatment based on factors such as race, ethnicity, and socio-
economic status leads to unequal health outcomes and perpetuates existing health
disparities.
 Limited health literacy: Low health literacy can result in misunderstandings about health
information, incorrect self-diagnosis or self-treatment, and overall poor health outcomes.

5.3 Observation That Lead to the Identification of the Problem

Access to care: Observations of disparities in healthcare utilization and health outcomes among
different population groups, and limited availability of healthcare services in certain geographic
areas.
Cost: Observations of the increasing cost of healthcare services, insurance, and medications,
and the financial burden on individuals and families.
Quality of care: Observations of disparities in the quality of care across different healthcare
facilities, and variations in patient outcomes.
Lack of patient engagement: Observations of limited patient involvement in decision-making,
and ineffective treatment plans resulting from this lack of engagement.
Fragmented care: Observations of duplicated tests and treatments, lack of coordination and
communication between healthcare providers, and a fragmented care experience for patients.
Disparities: Observations of unequal treatment and health outcomes based on factors such as
race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status.
Limited health literacy: Observations of low levels of health literacy, limited understanding of
health information, and inadequate patient education leading to poor health outcomes.

5.4 Challenges that have Caused the Problem from Being Solved in the Past

Access to care: Factors contributing to unequal access to care include lack of health insurance,
limited availability of healthcare providers in certain areas, and a shortage of specialty care.
Challenges to solving this issue include political and financial obstacles, resistance to change
from stakeholders, and a lack of resources and funding.
Cost: Factors contributing to high healthcare costs include the high cost of drugs, medical
procedures, and technology, as well as administrative and overhead costs. Challenges to solving
this issue include a lack of political will to implement systemic changes, opposition from
pharmaceutical companies and insurance providers, and the complexity of the healthcare system.
Quality of care: Factors contributing to disparities in quality of care include a lack of
standardization in care processes and outcomes, variations in provider training and expertise, and
a lack of access to evidence-based practices. Challenges to solving this issue include resistance
to change from healthcare providers and organizations, limited resources for quality
improvement initiatives, and a lack of standardization in care processes.
Lack of patient engagement: Factors contributing to limited patient engagement include a lack of
patient education and health literacy, limited patient involvement in decision-making, and a lack
of trust in the healthcare system. Challenges to solving this issue include resistance to change
from healthcare providers and organizations, limited resources for patient education and
engagement, and a lack of incentives for providers to involve patients in their own care.
Fragmented care: Factors contributing to fragmented care include a lack of communication and
coordination among healthcare providers, limited use of electronic health records, and variations
in care processes and outcomes. Challenges to solving this issue include resistance to change
from healthcare providers and organizations, limited resources for coordination and
communication initiatives, and a lack of incentives for providers to collaborate.
Disparities: Factors contributing to disparities in healthcare include unequal access to resources
and opportunities, socio-economic status, and bias and discrimination. Challenges to solving this
issue include resistance to change from stakeholders, limited resources for addressing disparities,
and a lack of political will to address the underlying social determinants of health.
Limited health literacy: Factors contributing to limited health literacy include low levels of
education, limited access to health information, and a lack of patient education and engagement.
Challenges to solving this issue include resistance to change from healthcare providers and
organizations, limited resources for patient education and engagement, and a lack of incentives
for providers to educate patients.

Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendation

6.1 Conclusion

As a conclusion, this internship provided a comprehensive overview of large imaging

modalities and their preventive and corrective maintenance practices. The experience was
extremely valuable in understanding the practical applications of the theories learned in class.
The demonstration of various large imaging modalities such as CT scan, MRI, and X-ray was
eye-opening. It gave a deeper insight into the functioning and capabilities of these machines and
their importance in the medical field.
Additionally, the preventive and corrective maintenance practices were crucial in
ensuring the smooth functioning of these machines. These practices included regular check-ups,
cleaning, and troubleshooting. It was impressive to see how the engineers could quickly identify
and resolve any issues, reducing downtime and ensuring optimal performance of the machines.
In conclusion, this internship has been a great learning opportunity and has provided a
practical approach to the concepts learned in class. The hands-on experience has given a deeper
understanding of the importance of large imaging modalities and their maintenance in providing
quality medical care. Moreover It gave us a key motivation and knowledge for the scope of
business model of large companies like Infinity accompanying all medical device maintenance
and supply.
6.2 Recommendation

Since every company accommodate pros and cons. As intern students some problems
was observed and tried to give recommendations on behalf of what was observed. One of the
biggest problem we observed was problem of delay of purchase order and late arrival of medical
machines. Here are some recommendations to help a company address the issue of delayed
purchase orders and late arrival of medical machines:
Improve communication with suppliers: Encourage open and frequent communication between
the company and its suppliers to discuss delivery timelines, possible delays, and to find ways to
prevent or mitigate them.
Consider alternative suppliers: If a supplier is consistently delivering late, the company may
consider alternative suppliers or negotiate better delivery times with their current supplier.
Implement an inventory management system: By keeping track of inventory levels, the company
can anticipate when they need to reorder supplies and plan accordingly.
. Another problem we observed so far is inappropriate loosing of tool boxes. Our
recommendation for this problem is:
Conduct a thorough inventory audit: This will help the company determine the extent of the
problem and identify areas that need improvement.
Implement a check-in/check-out system: All employees should be required to sign out tool boxes
when they take them and sign them back in when they return them. This can be done using a
manual system or an electronic system, such as a spreadsheet or database.
Train employees on the importance of proper tool box usage: Employees should be made aware
of the cost and inconvenience of losing tool boxes, and should be encouraged to take good care
of them.
Introduce consequences for misusing or losing tool boxes: The company may consider imposing
consequences, such as fines or disciplinary action, for employees who lose or misuse tool boxes.
Consider using GPS tracking devices: The company may consider using GPS tracking devices
on tool boxes to help track their location in case they are lost or stolen.
References

[1] "Infinity Advanced Technology Solutions | Ethiopian Medical Equipment," [Online].

Available: https://infinity-et.com/#about. [Accessed 3 February 2023].

[2] "Infinity Advanced Technology Solutions | Ethiopian Medical Equipment," [Online].

Available: https://infinity-et.com/digital-imaging-solutions/. [Accessed 3 February 2023].
Appendices

Figure 17: MRI RF cage and Magnet installation at Arsho medical labratory

Figure 18: OR table corrective maintenance at Alert Hospital

 Figure 19: Ventilator preventive maintainance
Codes of our project
import Adafruit_DHT
import requests
import time
# Set the type of sensor and the GPIO pin it's connected to
sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT22
pin = 4
# Set the URL of the server to send the data to
server_url = 'http://yourserver.com/data'
while True: # Get the temperature and humidity readings from the sensor
humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin)
# Calculate the phase shift based on the temperature reading
phase_shift = temperature * 0.1
# Create a dictionary with the data to send to the server
data = {'temperature': temperature, 'phase_shift': phase_shift}
# Send the data to the server
 response = requests.post(server_url, json=data)

# Wait a minute before taking another reading

time.sleep(60)

const express = require('express');

const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.post('/data', (req, res) => {
const { temperature, phase_shift } = req.body;
console.log(Received data: temperature = ${temperature}, phase_shift = ${phase_shift});

res.sendStatus(200);
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server started on http://localhost:3000');
});