Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise

Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

1. Convert from exponential form to logarithmic form.

(a) 104 = 10000 (b) 10−3 = 0.001 (c) 10 x = 18.3

1 (e) 2m = n 2
(d) 3−1 = (f) 27 3 = 9
3

2. Solve each of these equations, giving your answers correct to 3 sf.

(a) 10 x = 69 (b) 10 x = 254.3 (c) 10 x = 0.0247

3. Convert from logarithmic form to exponential form.

(a) lg10 = 1 1 (c) lg x = −1.24
(b) lg = −5
100000

(d) log 3 m = n 1 (f) log 4 2k = h

(e) log 2 =x
4

4. Solve each of these equations, giving your answers correct to 3 sf.

(a) lg x = 7.4 (b) lg x = 0.042 (c) lg x = −3.56

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
5. Without using a calculator, find the value of
(a) lg1000 (b) lg 0.001  100 
(c) lg  
 10 

(d) log 2 x = 2 (e) log 4 x = 3 (f) log x 121 = 2

(g) log x 343 = 3 (h) log 2 ( x + 1) =

4 (i) log 3 (2 x − 1) =
2

6. Find the value of

(a) log 2 0.64 (b) log 3 27 3 (c) log 2 32

 1   5 (f) log 6 4 6
(d) log 2   (e) log 5  
 8  5 

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
3
(g) log x x5
 1  x x
(h) log x   (i) log x  3 
 x  x 

7. Write as a single logarithm.

(a) log a m + 3log a n − log a m 2 n (b) 3log a x + 4log a y − log a x 2 y

(c) log a p − 3log a q + 2log a r 1

(d) log a m − 3log a n + 2log a q
2

8. Write as a single logarithm, then simplify your answer.

(a) 2log 3 5 + log 3 12 − 2log 3 10 (b) log 2 48 + log 2 3 − log 2 9

 7  1
(c) log 7   + log 7 80 − log 7 6 + log 7 21 (d) 2log 2 6 − log 2 16 − 2log 2 3
 40  2

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
9. Given that log 4 p = x and log 4 q = y , express in terms of x and/or y
(a) log 4 (4 p ) (b) log 4 ( p 2 q ) q
(c) log 4  
 16 

10. Solve.
(a) log x 750 − 3 =log x 6 (b) 2log 7 ( x − 2) =
log 7 25

(c) log 2 4 x =
6 − log 2 (5 x − 2) 1
(d) 2log 4 3 + log 4 (1 − x) − log 4 3 x =
2

(e) log 3 (5 − x) + 2log 3 3 − x =

1 (f) 3log 2 − log( x − 1) = log( x + 1) − log( x − 2)

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
(g) lg( x + 3) + lg( x − 5) =
2lg 3 (h) (log 3 x) − log 3 x + 2 =
2 3
0

(i) (log x) 2 − 3log x = log x 2 − 4 4

(j) log 4 x + 5
=
log 4 x

11. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 sf.

(a) 8 x−1 = 46 (b) 5 x − 2 = 4 x +1 (c) 2 x 3x = 5 x+1

12. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 sf.

(a) 2 x +1 − 2 x − 2 =
8 (b) 5 x − 5 x+ 3 + 100 =
0

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
(c) 9 x − 5(3x ) + 6 =0 (d) 2 − 10(2 ) + 3 =
x −x
0

(e) 34 x − 32 x − 6 =0 (f) 16 x + 2(4 x ) − 35 =

0

log10 a
13. Use the rule log b a = to evaluate these correct to 3 sf.
log10 b
(a) log 4 21 (b) log 7 35 (c) log 3 0.0027

14. Given log 3 p = x , express in terms of x,

(a) log p 3 (b) log 9 p

(c) log 9 27 p (d) log 9 p 81

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
15. Solve the following.
(a) If log a 2 = h and log a 3 = k , express log 6 12 in (b) Given that log x 9 = u , find log 9 x 3 in terms of u.
terms of h and k.

(c) Given that log a 2 = p and log a 5 = p , express (d) Given that log 5 k = p and log 7 k = q , find log k 175
log 1 50 in terms of p and q. in terms of p and q.
a

16. Use a calculator to evaluate correct to 3 sf.

(a) e 2 (b) e1.45 (c) e −4

(d) ln 8 (e) ln 0.43 (f) ln 4.42

17. Without using a calculator, find the value of

(a) eln10 1
ln 81 − ln
1
(b) e 2 (c) −e 5

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
18. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 sf.
(a) e x + 3 = 100 (b) e 2 x −1 = 6

(c) ln 3 x = 0.85 (d) 2ln(3 x − 2) =

5ln 2.7

19. Solve, giving your answer in terms of natural logarithms.

(a) e3 x + 4 − 6 =
11 (b) e 2 x + e x − 12 =
0

(c) 5 + e x +1 =
20 (d) −14 + 3e x =
11

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
20. Solve, giving your answers in exact form.
(a) ln( x + 1) − ln x =
5 (b) ln10 + ln(5 x − 2) =
3

(c) ln(−4 x − 4) − ln 3 =
3 (d) 2ln x =
3 + ln( x + 6)

21. Solve the following problems.

(a) The value, $V of a house n years after it was built is (b) The population P of a city founded in January 2009
given by the formula V = 300000e an . is modeled by P (t ) = 10000e0.22t , where t is the time
When n = 3, V = 400 000. in years.
(i) Find the initial value of this house. (i) What will the population be in 2019? Simplify
(ii) Find the value of a. completely.
(iii) Estimate the number of years for this house to (ii) During what year does the initial population of
double in value. the city reach 50,000?

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
22. Sketch the graphs of each of the following exponential functions. [Remember to show the axis crossing points
and the asymptotes]
y 3e x + 6
(a) = (b)=y 2e − x + 3

y e− x − 2
(c) = −4e − x + 1
(d) y =

23. Sketch the graphs of each of the following logarithmic functions. [Remember to show the axis crossing points
and the asymptotes]
(a)=y ln(3 x + 5) (b)=y ln(7 − 3 x)

(c)
= y 3ln( x + 1) (d) y =
−2ln(3 x − 1)

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Chapter 5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Exercise
24. The following functions are each defined for x ∈  .
Find f –1(x) for each function and state its domain.
) ex + 3
(a) f ( x= x ) 4e x + 2
(b) f (=

( x) 3e −2 x + 4
(c) f= (d) f ( x)= 7 − 6e −5 x

25. Find f –1(x) for each function.

(a) f =
( x) ln( x + 3) , x > –3 (b) =
f ( x) 3ln( x + 4) , x > –4

5 3
(c) f ( x) =
−4ln(2 x − 5) , x > (d) f ( x) =
−6ln(4 x − 3) , x >
2 4

1
26. Given f ( x) = e 2 x for x ∈  ( x) ln(2 x + 1) for x > −
g=
2
(a) Find fg(x). (b) Solve f(x) = 8g–1(x).

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