Hanil High School English

고2 전국연합학력평가
기출문제 Text Analysis
[2023~2021 3월/6월]
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Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [21번]

21. 밑줄 친 helping move the needle forward가 다음 글

에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Everyone’s heard the expression don’t let the perfect
become the enemy of the good. If you want to get
over an obstacle so that your idea can become the
‑
solution based policy you’ve long dreamed of, you
‑ ‑
can’t have an all or nothing mentality. You have to
be willing to alter your idea and let others influence its
outcome. You have to be okay with the outcome being
a little different, even a little less, than you wanted.
Say you’re pushing for a clean water act. Even if what
‑
emerges isn’t as well funded as you wished, or doesn’t
match how you originally conceived the bill, you’ll have
still succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled areas
have access to clean water. That’s what counts, that
they will be safer because of your idea and your effort.
Is it perfect? No. Is there more work to be done?
Absolutely. But in almost every case, helping move the
needle forward is vastly better than not helping at all.

① spending time and money on celebrating perfection

② suggesting cost-saving strategies for a good cause
③ making a difference as best as the situation allows
④ checking your resources before altering the original
goal
⑤ collecting donations to help the education of poor
children
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [22번]

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Brands that fail to grow and develop lose their
relevance. Think about the person you knew who was
once on the fast track at your company, who is either
no longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears to have
hit a plateau in his or her career. Assuming he or she
did not make an ambitious move, more often than not,
this individual is a victim of having failed to stay
relevant and embrace the advances in his or her
industry. Think about the impact personal computing
technology had on the first wave of executive
leadership exposed to the technology. Those who
embraced the technology were able to integrate it into
their work styles and excel. Those who were resistant
many times found few opportunities to advance their
careers and in many cases were ultimately let go
through early retirement for failure to stay relevant and
update their skills.
* hit a plateau: 정체기에 들다

① 다양한 업종의 경력이 있으면 구직 활동에 유리하다.

② 직원의 다양한 능력을 활용하면 업계를 주도할 수 있다.
③ 기술이 발전함에 따라 단순 반복 업무가 사라지고 있다.
④ 자신의 약점을 인정하면 동료들로부터 도움을 얻기 쉽다.
⑤ 변화를 받아들이지 못하면 업계에서의 적합성을 잃게 된다.
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [23번]

23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

What consequences of eating too many grapes and other
sweet fruit could there possibly be for our brains? A few
large studies have helped to shed some light. In one, higher
fruit intake in older, cognitively healthy adults was linked
with less volume in the hippocampus. This finding was
unusual, since people who eat more fruit usually display the
benefits associated with a healthy diet. In this study,
however, the researchers isolated various components of the
subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t seem to be doing
their memory centers any favors. Another study from the
Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse relationship between fruit
intake and volume of the cortex, the large outer layer of
the brain. Researchers in the latter study noted that
excessive consumption of ‑
high sugar fruit (such as
mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may cause metabolic and
cognitive problems as much as processed carbs do.
* hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마 ** carb: 탄수화물 식품

① benefits of eating whole fruit on the brain health

② universal preference for sweet fruit among children
‑
③ types of brain exercises enhancing long term memory
④ nutritional differences between fruit and processed carbs
⑤ negative effect of fruit overconsumption on the cognitive
brain
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [24번]

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

‑
Winning turns on a self conscious awareness that others
are watching. It’s a lot easier to move under the radar
when no one knows you and no one is paying attention.
You can mess up and be rough and get dirty because no
one even knows you’re there. But as soon as you start to
win, and others start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that
you’re being observed. You’re being judged. You worry that
others will discover your flaws and weaknesses, and you
start hiding your true personality, so you can be a good
role model and good citizen and a leader that others can
respect. There is nothing wrong with that. But if you do it
at the expense of being who you really are, making
decisions that please others instead of pleasing yourself,
you’re not going to be in that position very long. When
you start apologizing for who you are, you stop growing
and you stop winning. Permanently.

① Stop Judging Others to Win the Race of Life

② Why Disappointment Hurts More than Criticism
③ Winning vs. Losing: A Dangerously Misleading Mindset
‑
④ Winners in a Trap: Too Self Conscious to Be Themselves
⑤ Is Honesty the Best Policy to Turn Enemies into
Friends?
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [29번]

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

Human beings like certainty. This liking stems from our
ancient ancestors ①who needed to survive alongside
‑
saber toothed tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains
evolved to help us attend to threats, keep away from ②
them, and remain alive afterward. In fact, we learned that
the more ③certain we were about something, the better
chance we had of making the right choice. Is this berry the
same shape as last time? The same size? If I know for
certain it ④is, my brain will direct me to eat it because I
know it’s safe. And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send out
a danger alert to protect me. The dependence on certainty
all those millennia ago ensured our survival to the present
‑
day, and the danger alert system continues to protect us.
This is achieved by our brains labeling new, vague, or
unpredictable everyday events and experiences as uncertain.
Our brains then ⑤generating sensations, thoughts, and
action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element,
and we live to see another day.
‑
* saber toothed tiger: 검치호(검 모양의 송곳니를 가진 호랑이)
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [30번]

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은? [3점]
Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a
changing environment, it is not clear that consistency is
always a virtue and that one of the advantages of human
judgment is the ability to detect change. Thus, in changing
environments, it might be ① advantageous to combine
human judgment and statistical models. Blattberg and Hoch
examined this possibility by having supermarket managers
forecast demand for certain products and then creating a
composite forecast by averaging these judgments with the
forecasts of statistical models based on ② past data. The
logic was that statistical models ③ deny stable conditions
and therefore cannot account for the effects on demand of
novel events such as actions taken by competitors or the
introduction of new products. Humans, however, can ④
incorporate these novel factors in their judgments. The
composite ─ or average of human judgments and statistical
models ─ proved to be more ⑤ accurate than either the
statistical models or the managers working alone.
* composite: 종합적인; 종합된 것
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [31번]

31. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they
are not . In play, away from adults, children
really do have control and can practice asserting it. In free
play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their
own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with
others as equals rather than as obedient or rebellious
subordinates. In active outdoor play, children deliberately
dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they
thereby learn how to control not only their bodies, but also
their fear. In social play children learn how to negotiate
with others, how to please others, and how to manage and
overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts. None of
these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can
be learned only through experience, which free play
provides.
* rebellious: 반항적인
① noisy ② sociable ③ complicated
④ helpless ⑤ selective
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [32번]

32. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

‑
Many early dot com investors focused almost entirely on
revenue growth instead of net income. Many early dot-com
companies earned most of their revenue from selling
advertising space on their Web sites. To boost reported
revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space. Company
A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web
site, and company B would put an ad for its Web site on
company A’s Web site. No money ever changed hands, but
each company recorded revenue (for the value of the space
that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of
its ad that it placed on the other company’s site). This
practice did little to boost net income and ─
but it did boost reported revenue. This practice was quickly
put to an end because accountants felt that it did not meet
the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.
* revenue: 수익 ** net income: 순이익
① simplified the Web design process
② resulted in no additional cash inflow
③ decreased the salaries of the employees
④ intensified competition among companies
⑤ triggered conflicts on the content of Web ads
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [34번]

34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

It seems natural to describe certain environmental
conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may
seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the midday
heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the
salinity of the Great Salt Lake. But this only means that
these conditions are extreme for us, given our particular
physiological characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus
there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in
which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy lands of
Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins. It is lazy
and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that .
‑
Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s eye or
‑
plant’s eye view of the environment: to see the world as
others see it. Emotive words like harsh and benign, even
relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by
ecologists only with care. [3점]
* benign: 온화한 ** salinity: 염도
① complex organisms are superior to simple ones
② technologies help us survive extreme environments
③ ecological diversity is supported by extreme environments
④ all other organisms sense the environment in the way we do
⑤ species adapt to environmental changes in predictable ways
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [35번]

35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Human processes differ from rational processes in their
outcome. A process is rational if it always does the right
thing based on the current information, given an ideal
performance measure. In short, rational processes go by the
book and assume that the book is actually correct. ①
Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other
variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may
not even consider the existing data. ② As an example, the
rational way to drive a car is to always follow the laws. ③
Likewise, pedestrian crossing signs vary depending on the
country with differing appearances of a person crossing the
street. ④ However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the
laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other
drivers aren’t following the laws precisely. ⑤ To be
‑
successful, a self driving car must therefore act humanly,
rather than rationally.
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [36번]

36. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을

고르시오.

Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum

‑‑ ‑‑
of easy to change and hard to change.
(A) But this kind of language (and the approaches it
spawns) frames these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful
or effective. I specifically hope we will stop using this
phrase: “break a habit.” This language misguides people.
The word “break” sets the wrong expectation for how you
get rid of a bad habit.
(B) This word implies that if you input a lot of force in
one moment, the habit will be gone. However, that rarely
works, because you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted
habit by applying force one time.
(C) When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum,
note the language you hear — breaking bad habits and
battling addiction. It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a
nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated.
* spawn: 낳다 ** nefarious: 사악한
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [37번]

37. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을

고르시오.

A common but incorrect assumption is that we are

creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of
both reason and emotion. We cannot get by on reason
alone since any reason always eventually leads to a
feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate
cereal?
‑
(A) These deep seated values, feelings, and emotions we
have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be
influenced by reasoning. We have values, feelings, and
emotions before we begin to reason and long before we
begin to reason effectively.
(B) I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have
to be based on something. For example, if my goal is to
eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is
my reason for wanting to be healthy?
(C) I can list more and more reasons such as wanting to
live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones,
etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons? You
should be able to see by now that reasons are ultimately
‑
based on non reason such as values, feelings, or emotions.
[3점]
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [38번]

38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

한 곳을 고르시오.

In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in

larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity
larger than in ordinary muscles.
Electric communication is mainly known in fish. The
electric signals are produced in special electric organs.
When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be
negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field
is created around the fish. ( ① ) A weak electric current is
created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. (
② ) The fish varies the signals by changing the form of
the electric field or the frequency of discharging. ( ③ )
The system is only working over small distances, about
one to two meters. ( ④ ) This is an advantage since the
species using the signal system often live in large groups
with several other species. ( ⑤ ) If many fish send out
signals at the same time, the short range decreases the risk
of interference.
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [22번]

39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

한 곳을 고르시오.

For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods

and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that
drastically reduce the work necessary to solve a
problem.
Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity
leads some individuals to recognize problems that others do
not see, but which may be very difficult. ( ① ) Charles
Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good
example of this; he chose a very difficult and tangled
problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of
data collection and deliberation. ( ② ) This choice of
problem did not allow for a quick attack or a simple
experiment. ( ③ ) In such cases creativity may actually
decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts)
because effort is focused on difficult problems. ( ④ ) We
can see an example in the development of the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small
pieces of DNA in a short time. ( ⑤ ) This type of
creativity might reduce the number of steps or substitute
steps that are less likely to fail, thus increasing
productivity. [3점]
* speciation: 종(種) 분화 ** polymerase chain reaction: 중합
효소 연쇄 반응
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [40번]
40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸
(A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A young child may be puzzled when asked to distinguish
between the directions of right and left. But that same
child may have no difficulty in determining the directions of
up and down or back and front. Scientists propose that this
occurs because, although we experience three dimensions,
only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the
vertical dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile
species, the front/back dimension as defined by the
positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms. These
influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far
versus close, and the search for dangers from above (such
as an eagle) or below (such as a snake). However, the
‑
left right axis is not as relevant in nature. A bear is
equally dangerous from its left or the right side, but not if
it is upside down. In fact, when observing a scene
‑
containing plants, animals, and man made objects such as
cars or street signs, we can only tell when left and right
have been inverted if we observe those artificial items.
* axis: 축

Having affected the evolution of our (A) perception,

vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived,
‑
but the left right axis, which is not (B) in nature,
doesn’t come instantly to us.
(A) (B)
① spatial ······ significant
② spatial ······ scarce
③ auditory ······ different
④ cultural ······ accessible
⑤ cultural ······ desirable
Text Analysis 2023학년도 고2 3월 [41~42번]

Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They
have (a) varying levels of maturity and sensitivity. They
have different approaches to work. And they’re each
motivated by different things. Managing people is about
being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about
empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you
do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly.
Who you are and what you say may not be the (b) same
from one person to the next. For instance, if you’re asking
someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling
them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet,
you need to bear in mind the (c) group. Vincent will have
a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they
will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with
different things. Perhaps that promotion news will land (d)
easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the
holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion
a year from now. Consider each person’s complex positive
and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and
their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say
and how to say it. Personal connection, compassion, and an
individualized management style are (e) key to drawing
‑
consistent, rock star level work out of everyone.

41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Know Each Person to Guarantee Best Performance
② Flexible Hours: An Appealing Working Condition
③ Talk to Employees More Often in Hard Times
④ How Empathy and Recognition Are Different
⑤ Why Creativity Suffers in Competition