Telephane Instruments and Signals steps listed nest, Accessing the telephone systems in this miner 1s known as POLS (plan ‘old telephone servivek Step 1 Calling slaion goes off hook. Step? After detecting ade current floss on the loop the seitehiny mac returns anv adie dial fone fo the calling station, acknowhedamg that the caller has access to the switehing machine Step3 The caller dials the destination telephone numberusing one of two methods mechanical dial pulsig of, more likely, eeetrome dual-tone multifrequeney ‘Touch-Tone) signals Step4 When the switehine machine detects the frst dialed number, removes the dalton from the loop. Step $ The swsitel interprets the telephone number and thet lecaes the focal loop forthe destination telephone number Step 6 Before ringing the destination telephone, the switeiing machine tests the destination Joop for de current 10 see Af 118 ile fom hook} or mt use oft hook). Acthe sume tine, the switching maetame lovates signal path through the swateh between the two local loops, Ir the destination telephone is vif hook, the switeh tion busy sienal back to he ealine sation. Step 7b It the destination telephone is on hook. the switehing machine sends a gma (othe destination telephone on the leeal loop and at dhe same time sends at ring fuck sista 1 the calling station to give the caller some assur= ance that something is happen Step 8 When the destination asters the telephone, it comp de current to Hoy Step 9 The switch recoumizes the de current as the station answering the telephone. At this time, the switeh removes the ringing and ring-back stenals and com- pees the path through the switch, allowing the calling and called parties to begin their conversation, Step 1) When either end goes on look the switching machine detects an open eit cco that loop and dhen drops the connections dhromgh the switeh, Placing telephone calls be between parties separated by long distances is somewhat more complica machine sends tae the hop, cans een parties connected (0 different switehinig machines or oW) 5 CALL PROGRESS TONES AND SIGNALS progiess tonesand.call progress signals are acknowledement and status signal that cesute the processes necessary (0 Set up and lerminate a (elephone call are completed in Call progress tones fo machines, machines (© people, amd people 1 chines. The people are the subs seribers fie. dhe calbug and the called party}, and the machines are dhe electronic switching sySiems in the telephone ollices and the telephone seis themselves, Whe a switching machine outputs a eal progress lone 0 a subscriber, if must be audible and clesly identifiable Signaling ean be broadly divided imo www major categories: station signaling and interopive signaling, Station signa loops between stations telephones) snd telephone company switching machines. On dieother had, iteroffice signaling is dhe exch chines. Si mnessages can he subslivided furthering one of four categories. afer ting aan orderly andl timely ana J signals can be sent from machines over local vf signaling messages beoween switching 1 391Telephane Instruments and Signals essing, Alerting signals imlicate a request for service, suchas goin the destination telephone, Supervising nals prow ie call Status information, suelt as busy oe ring-back, als. Controlling signals provide informa tion inthe form of announcements, such as number changed ta another munber. a numabee information, sue as signals provide the routin and called numbers Examples of essential call progress siewals re dial tone, dial tone muliifreguency tones, mulilzequ o. ring-back, receiver on hook, and receiver off hook, Tables Land 2 summarize the most umportant call ncy tones, dl pulses. station busy. equipment busy. progress tones an tte disection of peopas 5-1 Dial Tone Siemens Company fist introduced «a rene w the public switched telephone network m Germany in 1908. However, i€ took several decades betore being aevepted in the United lon, respectively: Progress Tene Summar Frequency Dusatoni 350 Ir pus 40 ly Continuous 697M TTT RDM 980 Th fish tone Me 700 1,900 Te, 11001 Tar of tones 19 Te, 1SO0 Ue 768 Th in 90. mana Dia pubes Opens site Station bs {80 tt pus 620 te on 8s On ass quiprsat busy 480 Hp 620 1m. OF 3s Rinzine 20 1, 90am amin nds off.as Ringback 40 plas 480 1b 2s off. ds cetera ook psa bop atin Receiver af hook decumsn sn min Receiver HOF, 2060 Te 2650 Ha 2080 He On tts ae Mids Table 2. Cal wgetion Tine oi Direction Dial one sone offic to alin tation bie Calling sation otcleph fi Mi hone fist telephone oi Dial pases Calling sation a tcepho fi Staton bss Telehne ice caling sbi eqns Teleph Rins-hick ep well ce to called subsite tolling subscribe Receiver on hook Calne subsite totelepbone fice Receher of ok Calin subscribe tate fi Receiver let ff hook ion lie tain sie 392Telephane Instruments and Signals States, Dial tone 1s an studible signal comprised of ho frequencies: 350 Hy and 440 He ‘The to tones are lineaely combined and teanstatted simultaneously érom the central ollice Sswatchins machine to the subscriber in cesponse to the subscriber going olf hook, In tessence, dial tone informs subscribers that they have acquired access 10 the switche machine and ean now dial or use Touch. Tone in a destination celephone number Alera subseriber hears the dial one and h line tthis is called breath not ecerve dial tone, This condition i appropriately called there are more subscribers requesting sceess to the switch. mele can hedlea e cime the dial tone 1s removed from the ber may go ff hook and and occurs when wnachine shan the swim: ns al 2 il tone). On rare oveasions. # Subs 5-2 DuakTone MultiFrequency Duua-sone nalttrequenicy(EYTME1 was first inoxtuced in 1963 with 10 buttons in Western Flectrie 1500etype telephones. DYME was ontinally called Toucii-fowe. DUME isa mone efficient means than dial pulsing for transtorring telephone numbers fom a subseriber's ho- cation fo the central office switehing machine, DTMF is a simple two-of-eight encoding seheme where each dit is represented by the linear addition of two Irequenctes, DTME ty riety for signaling between a subseriber’s location and the nearest telephone offive oF messige switching center, DIME is sometimes confused with another two-tone signa system called miainfreguetey srenaling (ME}, which isa two-nF-six eade designed t0 used only to convey information between two elgettonte switching machines Figure 6 shows the four-row-by-fourcolumm keypad matris used with a YEMB key= pad. As the figure shows, the keypad is comprised of 16 keys and eight frequencies, Most hhouschold telephones, hexsever, are not equipped sith the spectal-purpase keys located m the fourth column fic. the A. B,C. and D keys). Therefore. most household telephones a= tually use ns0-0f-seven tone enterdig scheme. The Four vertical frequencies (eae the ow group frequencies) are 697 Hz, 770 Miz, 852 Uz, and 941 Hz, and the four horizon: tal frequencies tealled the fi frequencies) are 1209 Ha, 1336 He, M477 Hz. and 1633 Hz, Te frequency tolerance af the oscillators is °.5%. AS shovwt in Figure 6, the digits 2 through 9 ean also be used to represent 24 of the 26 leters Q and Z ane omitted The letters wore originally used to identity one Jocal telephone exchange trom another. 1209421 sor He ABC ODEF 0A r "tye [E> | 8 .| a osets (Be Tuy) War PS |S eye NS : one TY SP pe T (Optional) FIGURE 6 OTMF keypad lout ad frequency allocation 393394 Telephane Instruments and Signals Table DIME Specifications Teamsitier Receiver Suis Parameter seal Otic) Hoh Minimum power level singe fi 12a Mavintra poet feel st Has Mavi por dfn btu suo kanes ms Munn dst tion Sus Minin insti drat : Mosinans nia tin peti 38 Masia Maino del such as BR for Brom, MA for Manhattan, snd so on, Today, the Feters are used (© person- alize telephone numbers, Por example: 1-800-UPS-MAIL equates to the telephone number 1-800-877-6045. Who a digit (or et Of the eight frequencies or seven for most home telephones? are transmitted tone Irom the less group and one trom the high ermup}, For example, when the divit 5 is depressed, 770 Hz amd 1336 Elz are transmited S- mulianeously. The eight frequencies were purposely chosen so tha there is absolutely no harmonic relationship between any of them, thus ehmmating the possibihty of ane fre ‘querey prosucing-@ harmonie that tet be misinempreted as another Hequency The major advantages for the subscriber in using Toueh-Tone signaling over dial pulsing 1s speed and control, With ToueliFone signaling. all digits fand thus telephone hnumibers) take the same length of tne © peosuee and transmit Tivuch-Tane signing aso elminates the impulse noise priced from the mectaanical sitehes necessary Wo produce dal pulses. Probably the most portant avant the ty im which the telephone company processes them, Dial pulses cannot pass thrush a cena offige exchange tlocal switehimy machine), whereas EME tones will pass throug an ex change tthe switching system attached tothe called number. Fable 3 lists the specications for PTTME ‘The taasmit specifications are at the sub- seniors location, and the receive specications are a the local switch, Minimum power kex= elsare gen fora single frequency, and maximum power evelsae given fortwo tones, The minimum dation isthe miu tne t80 tones oan agen ig must remem on, The i= teria time species the minimum ard maximum te between the transmissions of any we suveessivedizits. Anechoogeurs when apf tones isnot totaly absorbed by the lec site anda portion ofthe peer is etamed to the subscriber The mayamum power level of an veo is 1048 below the level transmitted by the subscriber and must be delayed les than 20 ms 5-3. Multifrequency Muse imilar to DYME signals in that they mnyobve the simula neous transmission of x0 tones. MEF tones are used to transfer digits atid control signals ney tonesieontes between switching machines, whereas DYMF signals are used to transfer disats and contcol signals bet «and local switelans aachines. MP tones are combinations, telephone ‘of ovo Frequencies that fall within dhe nomal specel Bandwidth so dhat they ean be propa grated over the same eireuits as voice. This is ealled ig-fund signatig, In-band signal rapidly being replaced byourep-band signaling ME eoades se used 0 send information betseen the conn! equipment that Sets up a call ME codes are also used to teansmit the calling and called numbers from the oninating tele jeomnections thro Joa switeh when more than one switeh is uvolved in compleung phone ollice w the destination telephone office, The calling number is sent bes, followed by the ealled number lable 4 lists dhe they represent, AS the tab) tone MP combinations and dhe digits or control anfermation shows, ME tones involv the transmission of 1wO-oE-S1s possTelephane Instruments and Signals Table 4 Mulufreauency Cades serio Digit or Contra orn fi hse 0 Lee san) ise ® a0 +1300 é Hoa 4 18 % a0 +1700 ey pul KP) 1s 00 + 17 Siac ST) elle DLE Off kook ial pulse closedioop period cunentflewing 100m, _ 100ms, _ 160ms. On took [— Sutching Next ait ‘oper loop | machine returns sequence nocurent | | dal tone of pulses FIGURE 7. Dis\ pulsing sequencs be frequencies representing the 10 digits plus (so control signals, The six frequencies ane 700 Hz, YOO Ha, THO HL, 1300 Hz, 15000 He, an 1700 Hz, Digits ane transmitted at of seven per second, andl each digits transmitted aya 68-mns burst. Phe Ae pulse (KP) sie nal 1s amultiftequency conteul fone comprises of £100 Hz plus 170117, ranging from 99 ms to 120 ms. The KP signal is used to indicate the besinning of a sequence of ME chsits, The vart(ST) signal isa multittequeney control tone use o mndicate the end of a sequence of dialed digits. From the perspective of the telephume circuit, the ST contro signal indi of the processing of the signal ‘The [DLE signal is 2600-Uz sie frequency tone placed on a circum indicate the cicuil isnot currently int use, Por exam ple, KP PEST 36105 E81 is the sequence transmitted for the telephone muiber 315-736-1083 5-4 Dial Pulses Dial pulsing (sometimes called rouary dial pulsing) is the metho originally used 0 trans- fer digits om a telephone set the focal sviteh, Pulsing digits roma lary switch began soot aller the invention ofthe automatic switching machine. The concept of dial pulsing is quite simple and is depicted in Figure 7, The process besins when te telephone set is lidied off hook, completing « path Tor current through the local lowp, Whew tke switch inching detects the off-Look condition, it responds with dial tone, After hearing the dial tone, the subseriber begins ial pulsing digits by cotating rceluanism 395396 Telephane Instruments and Signals ‘and then Kein: nary switeh retuens to us rest position, it outputs a series oF dial pulses corresponding to the digit dialed, When a disit i dialed, dhe loop circuit alternately opens (heeaks) and eloses (makes) ‘a prescribed number of times, The numberof swviteh miakelbreak seg the digit died ( 1 3 preduces three switeh open: Dial pulses occur at 10 makesbreak eyeles per second (ic. period of 100m per pulse ey= cle), For example, the digit 5 corresponds ta five makerbreak eyeles kasting total of S00 ims, The switching machme senses and counts the number of makerbreak pairs a the ‘quence. The break ume 1S nominally 61 ms, and the mike time is nominally 39 1s. are separated by an idle period of 300 mis called the mgerdight nye Has essential thatthe switehinns machine reco cessive digits, The central oft the break part of the dil fon-hook (idle) condition, All digits do wot take the same length of time to dial, For example, the kha numbers do not require te Sam 1 ret 10 ts est position, As ‘nad tgee Switeh closures} nize te anterdisi n so tht if can separate te pulses Erom se witel incorporates a spectal fine-out circ Wo ensure that pulse 1s nol misintezpreted as the phone bet returned to ls only one n ‘eyele. whereas the dis reguures LO eyelesTheretore, all elephone ainount of Hine co dial oe Co cransma. "The minunpina inne to dil pulse nut the sevenseit telephone number 987-1234 is as fall dit 9 Ib SX ID 7 Wo 1 wb 2 wb 3 wa time{ms) 997 300 Si 300 700 310 100-300 20 200 300300 400 where ID isthe mend ime (300 ns) an dhe foal minimum tne 183200 ms, or 52 secon 55. Station Busy In telephone termine jonisa telephone set, Astaro busy signals sent from the switehing machine back to the calling station whenever the called (elephone number is oft hhook ¢i.e. the station isin use). The station busy signal iss Gs0-lone signal comprised of 480 Hand 620 Hz, The twa fones are on for 0.5 seconds, then olf for 0.5 seconds, Thus, a busy signal repeats ala 60)-pulse-peremimate (ppm) ra 5-6 Equipment Busy is sometimes called acongestion tone OF A mo-cite fone, The equipment busy sal 1s seu from the switching machine back to he ‘whenever the system cannot complete the call beeauseof equipment unavailability fie, all he cteutls, switehes, orswitehing paths are already in use), This eondition is called okiniganal the system 1s overload! and more calls ane being placed than ean be com pleted, Tho equipmient busy’ signal uses the same O80 Irequenieies ts the station busy signal fewcept the equipment busy signal ison for 0.2 secuinds and oft for 8 3 seconds (120 ppm). Be ‘cause an equipment busy signal repeats a Iwiee the rate asa station busy signal, an equipment busy is somertmes called ayfast Bs and at station busy 1s sometimes called a slow Busy, The telephone company refers to an equipment busy condition as aaa con ivstvailable gees Ah 5-7. Ringing The ringing signals sent from a conte office ing call. The purpose of the ringing a subseriber whenever there is am incom al storing the boll m the te s hoalert the subsenber that there is au incom call, L-there is no bell inthe telephone set, the sins signal 1s used 10 phone another audible mech nism, which is usually a tone oscillator eit= ‘cult, The singing signal is nominally a 20-12, 0-Vims. snl hat ison for 2 seconds and then off for 4 seconds, ‘The rinsing signal should not be confused wit the actual sound the bell makes. ‘The audible ring peoduced by the bell nhoying as possible so thatthe called end would answer the telephone as soon as possible tus tying up common usage felephone equipment in the central office For the minimum engi of ume, us originally made atsTelephane Instruments and Signals 5-8 Ring-Back The riig-hark signa? is sen back wo te calling party ashe same time the ringing signal is sent tothe ealled pany. However. te ring and sng-back signals are go distnetvel i= ferent signals. The purpose ov the ring-back sina sto ave some ssa to the cali party that the destination telephone number bas been aecepled. pec rong. The i k al is an audible combination of two tones at 440 Hz and 480 He that are on for 2 seconds and then off for 4 seconds. 5.9 Receiver On/Off Hook When a telephone ison food, iis uot being used, and dhe circu isin the ile Coreen) site. The fermen hook was derived im the early days of telephone when the telephone band- set was lierully placed on a hook dhe hook eventually evolved into a eral) When the (ele- phone set is on hook, the local loop is open, anal there is no current flowing ow the loop. Aw fonshook signal is also used fo fenminate a call snd initiate a disconect When dhe telephone sec is taken aff hoo, a switeh closes inthe tek pletes ade path between the 80 sires of the local loop. The switel closure causes a de eur rent to Hew onthe Joop (nominally between 20 m.\ and 80 mA. depending on loop length and wire gauge). The switching machine in Ue central oiiee detects the de current and ree jes it asa receiver oll-licok condition (sometimes called a seisureorregte The receiver off-book condition is th Hirst step to completing 2 telephone call. The switel ing machine will espoud (o the off-hook condition by placing am audible dial tone ow the loop. The olf-hook signal is also used atthe destination end as ananseer signadto indicate that the called party bas anssvered te telephone, This is son because when the switching machine detecis the off-hook condition, i removes (or Ups) ne that com imes referred toss arin 5-10 Other Nonessential Signaling and Call Progress Tones Tere ave numerous additional Signals relaing to initiating, establishing, completing, an ian somes, stutter slat 6 CORDLESS TELEPHONES Con inevare simply telephones that operate without cords attached t the hand= set Cordless telephones originated around 1980 and were quite primitive by today’s stane dards. They ofizinally eccupred a narrow band of frequencies near 1.7 MHz, justabove the AM brovalcast and. ad used the 117-vae. 69-17 household power line tor an antenna These early units used frequetiey moxlulation (FMD) ana were poor quality and susceptible to inerference irom fluorescent fights and automobile ignitin systems In 198H, the FOC reallocated cordless telephone serviee to the 46-Milz to 4M band. In 1999, the FEC eviended conlless telephone service tothe 902-MH/ tn 928-MEz bat. which appreciated a superine signal-to-noise tat, Cordless telephone sets transmit and receive over narrons= band FM «NEM channels spaced 30 kiLz to 100 KHz apart, depending on the meditation and Frequency band used. In 1998, the FCC expanded service again tthe 24-GH band, Adaptive ditlerential pulse exxle modulation and spread spectrum technology (SST) are used exclusively mn the 2--GH hal, while FA and SSP dieital metulation are used a the 902-MILz to 828-MIz band. Digitally modulated SST telephones offer higher guaty and more security than PM telephones, In essenee, a cordless telephone 1s a full-duplex, battery-operated, portable radio transceiver that communicates ditectly with a stationary ranseeiver lncaled somewhere mn less tee 397398 Telephane Instruments and Signals powered | Micrphone : — (Hy tewemiter : ' bu Peseher ' PortabeCordess | Speaker. =F F= : Telephone Set : : Baty ' Antenna “Tolocal loop | Tense} Teco |X Intorace] fecewer fF Power Supaly IE ' Wall Base Staton Url FIGURE Cordes teleshane syeier the subscriber's home orice. The basic layout fora cordless telephone is shown in Figure 8. The base station s an ae-powsered stationary rain transeener transmitler and recewser) cconmgeted tothe local loop through cord and telephone ewmipany inlertace unit, The mter= face unit Functions m much the same vay aa landard (elephone set an that its primary tu tion is to mverfae the eorlesscelephone with the local lnop while being transparent to the user Therefore, the hase station is capable of transiting and receiving bath supervisory and woiee als over the subscriber loop ante same mauiner ds temidard telephone. The base slahion must also be capable of relaying voice and control Signals (9 and trom the ss lranseeiver, In essence, the portable telephone tn the full duplex mode hicaing with the base station jou portable telephone must he capable of comm the full duplex mode, i anust transmit and necetse at different frequenies. Ln 1984. the FCC al located 19 ulluplex channels tor 46-MULz -82-MHz uns. In 1995 « belp relieve eonzes: toon. he FCC added 15 additonal full-cuples channels and ested the frequency band 6 clude frequencies in the 43-MEL (© HMI band, Base stations tans om big-banl nn low-banad frequencies, whale te portable unit transmits low-banl ves hih-band trequencies, The frequencies andreceive frequencies and re lable 5. Channels 16 theouzh 25 ane the orginal 19 full-duplex carrer th ‘umn teanstit poser for bout the portable unit andthe ase station as S00:mW. This stipabation umn 100 feet or less the base sativa, ueniies, The mai Inns the uselll range of a condess telephone taTelephane Instruments and Signals 9, and so on, The caller ID data fick! is followed by a checksum for error detection, which is the 2°S complement of the module 256 sum of the ether words ante daa sage type, message Length, and data words) Example 1 Ingexpre the ollwsing hex ends fora caller ID message (sat and stops ate no ineluded in the hes we wae Solution G4 messase L2-AR decimal (18 characters in the caller ID data Sel ASCII coe for 11 thy month af Novessber) ASCII coe for 27 he 27h ay othe month) ASCII cole for 15 be 15th hour 00 RM ASCH soe for $7 (ST mints iter the hour 57 BMY sa 131 35,32 1aliit ASCT coded telephone number (315.736.1053) xx checksum (0 Hex wo FP Hew) 8 ELECTRONIC TELEPHONES Although S00- and 2500-49pe telephone sets still work with the public tlept Uey are becoming inereasinely more difficult © find. Most modern-day replaced many of th tal funetions performed in the okd telephone sets with elec is. Electronic telephones use integrated-cireuit technology t perform many of te hasie telephone functions us well asa myriad of new andl, and in many eases, nonessen. tial functions. The refinement of microprocessors has also led tw the development of rmulple-Hine, full-eature telephones that permit automatic control of dhe teh features, including telephone mumnber sto al ealler ID. sw telephone sets, they stil hhave t interface with the telephone network in much the Same ma century wone network. ephiones have troni circ hone set's morte dialing, re ras telephones did a Figure 10 shows the block diagram for a typical electronic telephone comprised of ‘one snaltifuneional in nicroprocessor chip, Touch Tone keypads devices. The major components included kiftmetional intesrated circuit ebip are DIME tone generator, MPU nies provessor unit) interface exrcuitry, random access memory (RAM), tone ringer circu speech network, and a line volkage regulator The Touch Tone keyboard provides s mews for the operator of the ess the DIME w nual erystal provides a stable and accurate frequewey reference for producing the dua-tone inulirequency signaline tones, The tone ringer circuit is aetivated by the reception of 4 0-H tin the ringing sigual is detweted, the tone ringer drives a piezoelectric sound el duces an electronic ring (without a bell, The voltage regulator converts the de vollage reeeived from the local loop and cow. verts i110 a constant-level de supply voltage 16 operate the eleetronie components in the telephone, The internal speech network contains several amplifiers and associated compo nents that perform the sume fametions as the hybrid did in a standard telephone, ‘The microprocessor interface eireuit imerfuces the MPU to the multifimetion chip, The MPU, with ils internal RAM, controls many of he functions of the telephone, suel as (ed-circuit chap. spoutker. a mierophone, and a handtul of disere in the a ephione Wate seneralor inside the multifunction inte ed- circuit chip. The exter 401402 Telephane Instruments and Signals sta ceiererce Pizoe ect sound erent : ' Tone 1 a : : Ht] Gime | | ne : ry creit | [ome ]h tb 1 Taiineion CO me LE boop yyy tees! ‘Te P feaucto Te intertace Fu Loop wy ms i ao network ' Spee Nicrophone FIGURE 10 Electronic teleshone et number stor iaing. redialing, and autodialing. ‘The bealge reetifier proteets the telephone from the relatively high-voltage ae ringing sia, ak! the Sitch book tsa me chanical swuteh that performs the same functions as the switeh ook om st standard (ele= phone set 2, speed 9 PAGING SYSTEMS Most paging sytams are simplex wireless communications system designed to lett sub- seribers of awaiting messages, Pugin transmitters relay ralio signal andl messages trom wire-line and cellular telephones to subseribers earryins portable receivers, The sunplitied block diagsam of a paging system’ is shown in Figure 1, The infrastructure used with pa ing sys nt than the one used For cellular telephone system, This is because standard paging systems are one way, with signals teansmitted from the pase sys- tem (o portable pager ankl never m the reverse dieelion, There are marrow, mid-,and wide: area pagers (sometimes called local, regional and national), Narrow-area pasing systems operate only within ¢ building or bunlding complex, mid-area pagers eover am area ot sev cal square miles, and wide-area pagers operate worldwide, Most pagers ane mid-atoa ‘where one centrally located high-pawer transmiter can eovera relatively large eeoeraphic area, lypically botween 6 and 10 miles m diameter To contact a person catty of, simply dial the telephone number assigned that person's portable pager, The paging company receives the call and responds with a query requestin the telephone number you wish the paged person to gall. Aer the mumber 1sen- tered. a appended to the number, which is usually the # sign, The caller nial may be stmultanedusly sent from more than one radio Hransmidler (someranes as is necessary ama wide-area paging system, IF the vive the gor paged person is within range of a broadcast transi message. The message meludes notification sien, whieh ener produces au for causes the paver lo vibrate and the number the paged unt shoul call shown oan al- phanumenic display, Some newer pasine units ate also capable messages as ‘well asthe telephone number of the pasinig party ea payer will of lisplayiny