1. Which of the following is a common symptom 8. How are peptic ulcers typically diagnosed?
of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)? a) Blood pressure measurement
a) Chronic diarrhea b) Ultrasound imaging
b) Persistent heartburn c) Endoscopy (EGD)
c) Frequent headaches d) Skin biopsy
d) Muscle cramps
9. Which type of peptic ulcer occurs in the
2. What is the primary cause of GERD? stomach lining?
a) Excessive consumption of spicy foods a) Duodenal ulcer
b) Weakness in the lower esophageal sphincter b) Esophageal ulcer
(LES) c) Gastric ulcer
c) Lack of physical exercise d) Colonic ulcer
d) Emotional stress
10. Which of the following techniques is
3. Which of the following lifestyle modifications commonly used during abdominal
is recommended for managing GERD? examination to assess for tenderness or
a) Smoking cessation masses?
b) Increased intake of carbonated beverages a) Percussion
c) Consuming large meals just before bedtime b) Auscultation
d) Limiting water intake during meals c) Palpation
d) Inspection
4. What diagnostic procedure is commonly used 11. Which of the following findings during
to evaluate GERD? abdominal examination suggests possible
a) Electrocardiogram (ECG) ascites?
b) Colonoscopy a) Hyperresonance to percussion
c) Upper endoscopy (EGD) b) Decreased bowel sounds
d) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c) Shifting dullness
d) Tympany throughout the abdomen
5. Which of the following medications is often
prescribed for treating GERD by reducing 12. When assessing for rebound tenderness,
stomach acid production? which of the following techniques is
a) Antihistamines employed?
b) Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) a) Firmly pressing the abdomen and quickly
c) Antibiotics releasing pressure
d) Antidepressants b) Auscultating for bowel sounds
6. What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers? c) Asking the patient to cough while palpating
a) Excessive consumption of fruits and the abdomen
vegetables d) Observing for visible peristalsis
b) Infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
c) Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 13. Dysphagia refers to difficulty in which bodily
drugs (NSAIDs) function?
d) Sedentary lifestyle a) Breathing
b) Swallowing
7. Which of the following is a common symptom c) Urination
of peptic ulcers? d) Speaking
a) Frequent coughing
b) Persistent joint pain 14. Which of the following conditions is a
c) Burning sensation in the abdomen common cause of dysphagia?
d) Visual disturbances a) Hypertension
b) Asthma
c) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
d) Osteoarthritis
a) Chronic diarrhea
b) Dysphagia
c) Hematemesis
15. Which of the following is a symptom often d) Acid reflux
associated with dysphagia?
a) Chest pain 18. Which of the following factors is a significant
b) Increased salivation risk factor for the development of esophageal
c) Blurred vision carcinoma?
d) Frequent urination a) Consumption of high-fiber diet
b) Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
16. Achalasia is a motility disorder primarily c) Smoking tobacco
affecting which organ of the body? d) Regular exercise routine
a) Stomach
b) Esophagus
c) Small intestine
d) Colon
17. Which of the following is a hallmark
symptom of achalasia?
SEQ’s Section:
1-Define GERD. What are the clinical features of GERD? What are the mechanisms involved in reflux esophagitis?
Give medical and surgical treatment options for GERD? (15)
2- What are the types of operations done in peptic ulcers? Also state the complications. (10)
3-Define dysphagia and achalasia? (05)
