1.

3 The CPU and logic

Extra challenge
The logic described in this lesson is sometimes called Boolean logic. Use the internet to find out why it is
called Boolean logic. Find two interesting facts about George Boole and his life.

Boolean logic is named after George Boole, a mathematician and philosopher who developed the field of
mathematical logic. Here are two interesting facts about George Boole and why it is called Boolean logic:

1. George Boole: George Boole was an English mathematician and logician who lived from 1815 to
1864. He is best known for his work in the field of logic, particularly for developing what is now
known as Boolean algebra.
2. Boolean Logic: The term "Boolean" comes from George Boole's last name. Boolean logic is named
after him because he developed a system of logic that uses binary variables and operations, which
laid the foundation for modern digital computer logic.

George Boole's work in logic and algebra laid the groundwork for the development of modern computer
science and digital circuit design. His contributions to the field of mathematics and logic have had a
profound impact on the development of computer technology and information processing.

Test

1. Put these terms in the order they appear in a logic argument.

Then conclusion proposition

Proposition Then Conclusion

2. What are the two states used in logic?

The two states used in logic are True and False.

3. What two types of operation can an ALU do? Give an example each.
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) can perform arithmetic and logical operations.

1. Arithmetic Operation: An example of an arithmetic operation is addition, where

the ALU can add two numbers together, such as 5 + 3.
2. Logical Operation: An example of a logical operation is the AND operation, where
the ALU can perform a logical AND between two binary values, such as 1 AND 0.
These operations are fundamental to the ALU's role in processing data and instructions
within the CPU.
4. Say why a computer’s ALU can process logic problems.
A computer's Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) can process logic problems because it is
designed to work with binary data and perform logical operations on binary values. The
ALU is built to handle both arithmetic calculations and logical comparisons using binary
representations. This capability allows the ALU to execute logical operations such as
AND, OR, and NOT, making it well-suited for processing logic problems within the CPU.

Player is left-footed Player scored 30 goals Club signs player

FALSE FALSE FALSE

FALSE TRUE FALSE

TRUE FALSE FALSE

TRUE TRUE TRUE

The table tells us that 'Club signs player' is true only when both 'Player is left-footed' AND
'Player scored 30 goals' are true. If either of the statements is false, then 'Club signs
player' is also false.

Activity

Sonia wants to buy her mother a present. She wants to buy a blue vase. She has $5 saved
for the present. She sees a vase in a shop window. Write a logical argument and truth table
to determine if she can buy the vase.

Logical Argument:

If the vase Sonia sees in the shop window is blue AND its price is less than or equal to $5,
then she can buy the vase.
If either the vase is not blue OR its price is more than $5, then she cannot buy the vase.

The vase is blue Price of the vase is less Sonia can buy the vase
than or equal to 5$
TRUE TRUE TRUE

TRUE FALSE FALSE

FALSE TRUE FALSE

 FALSE FALSE FALSE

10,000 points Five stars Extra life

FALSE FALSE FALSE

FALSE TRUE TRUE

TRUE FALSE TRUE

TRUE TRUE TRUE

The table can be used to draw conclusions. The table tells you that if a player reaches
10,000 points or gathers five stars, they get an extra life in the game. Also, the player gets
an extra life if both 10,000 points are reached and five stars are collected.

Activity
A building is equipped with smoke sensors and heat sensors. If either sensor is triggered,
an alarm must sound so that the building can be cleared. Write a logical argument and
truth table to describe this system.

Logical Argument:

If the smoke sensors are triggered OR the heat sensors are triggered, then the alarm must
sound.
If neither the smoke sensors nor the heat sensors are triggered, then the alarm does not
need to sound.

Smoke sensors are Heat sensors are triggered Alarm sounds

triggered
TRUE TRUE TRUE

TRUE FALSE TURE

FALSE TRUE TRUE

FALSE FALSE FALSE

 Extra challenge
A bank is equipped with a high security safe. To open the safe:
► a key must be turned in a lock
► a personal pin number must be entered
► the alarm must be turned off.
Draw a truth table for this system. Your table will need eight rows.

L P A O
T T T T
T T F F
T F T F
T F F F
F T T F
F T F F
F F T F
F F F F

Test
Complete the missing word in questions 1 and 2.

1. Mark 40% or greater ____ work handed in on time THEN Student

gains pass.
Ans - (AND)

2. Sun is shining ____ it is raining THEN Wear a hat.

Ans – (OR)

3. How many combinations of true/false are there for a logical argument with
three parts to the proposition? (For example, a AND b AND c THEN d.)
Ans – there are eight combinations of true/false for a logical argument with three parts to
the proposition.

4. What is the maximum number of conclusions in a logical argument?

Ans – the maximum number of conclusions in a logical argument is one.
AND

L 30 S
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR

P S S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

AND

O I F SAFE
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

2⁰ = 1
2¹ = 2
2² = 4
Logic gates = AND, OR, NOT

AND A B O
0 0 0
A
O 0 1 0
B
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR
A B O/P
0 0 0
A
O 0 1 1
B
1 0 1
1 1 1

NOT

B O/P
0 1
B O
1 0