Department Of Biological Sciences
231/2 - BIOLOGY -Paper 2
(THEORY)
FORM I TERM III JUNE. 2021 TIME- 2 Hours
Name……………………………………..…...…......Admission Number...................
Stream........Invigilator ............................Signature….............. Date….............
Instructions
a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of two section; A and B.
d) Answer all questions in section A in the spaces provided.
e) In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.
f) This paper consists of 10 printed pages.
g) Check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are
missing.
h) Answer all the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section Question Maximum Score Score
1 8
2 8
A
3 8
4 8
5 8
6 20
B
20
Total Score
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1.Four potato clylinders were carefully dried on blotting paper and weighed . Each piece
weighed 3g one was placed in each tube as shown in the drawing below
a)After 48 hours which potato cylinder would be heaviest ( 1mark)
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b)Name the substance whose movement was responsible for the weight changes in the potato
cylinders (1mark)
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c)Name the process responsible for the movement in tubes B, C and D (1mark)
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d)A fifth potato cylinder also weighing 3g was cut in half and both pieces treated in the same
way as tube A after the same 48 hour period how would the combined weight of the two halves
compare with weight of the single cylinder in tube A, give a reason for your answer
(2marks)
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e)What would happen to the rate of diffusion of asubstance in solution if it was heated,give a
reason ( 2marks)
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f) Explain why active transport decreases in temperature lower than 00C (1mark)
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2.Figure 1 and figure 2 below shows two sets of apparatus used by a group of students to
investigate a certain physiological process. The apparatus were put in bright light for some time.
Some gas bubbles evolved in figure 1 while no change was observed on figure 2.
Figure I Figure II
a) Name the gas responsible for bubbles in figure 1. (1mark)
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ii) How do you test for the gas produced in a(i) above. (1mark)
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iii) How would we increase the rate of production of the bubbles in figure 1. (1mark)
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iv) Why is it advisable to use a water plant in the above experiment (1mark)
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b) Account for the formation of bubbles in figure 1 and not in figure 2. (4marks)
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3. The diagram below shows some components of a light microscope
A
a) Name the parts labeled A and B (2marks)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………………
B………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) (i) A student was viewing a slide preparation of an onion epidermal cell under high power of a
microscope. The features of the cell were blurred. Which one of the labeled parts of the light
microscope would the student use to obtain a sharper outline of the features? (1mark)
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c) State two functional differences between electron microscope and a light microscope.(2marks)
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d)In an experiment a group of students observed 8 cells across the diameter of the field of view
of a microscope if the eyepiece magnification was x5 and the objective lens magnification was
x40 find the actual diameter of each cell given that the diameter of the fied of view was 0.5mm
find the answer in micrometer ( 3marks)
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4.a)What is binomial nomenclature (1mark)
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b)State two rules to be followed when scientifically naming organism (2marks)
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c)Why is it necessary to classify living organism (2marks)
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d)other than having many features in common state the other characteristics of a species (1mark)
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e)in which taxonomic group are there members with largest numbers of organism (1mark)
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5.a)Explain why the following process are important to living organism (4marks)
Reproduction………………………………………………………………………………………..
Excretion……………………………………………………………………………………………
Respiration…………………………………………………………………………………………
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Irritability…………………………………………………………………………………………...
b) Differentiate between cell organelles and cell inclusions (2marks)
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c)How do plants compensate for their inability to move about ( 2marks)
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SECTION B (40 MARKS)Answer question 6 (COMPULSORY)
and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question
6. An experiment was carried out to investigate haemolysis of human red blood cells. The red
blood cells were placed in different concentration of sodium chloride solution. The percentage
of haemolysed cells was determined. The results were as shown in the table below
Salt concentration (g/l00cm3)(%) 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1
Red blood cells (haemolysed)(%) 100 91 82 69 30 15 0
a) i) On the grid provided, plot a graph of haemolysed red blood cells against salt concentration
(6 marks)
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s
ii) At what concentration of salt solution was the proportion of haemolysed cell equal to non
haemolysed cells? (1 mark)
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iii)State the percentage of cells haemolysed at salt concentration of 1.9%. (1 mark)
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b)Account for the results obtained at:
i) 0.3 percent salt concentration. (3 marks)
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ii) 2.1 per cent salt concentration. (3 marks)
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c) Name the process by which plasmolysis is reversed (1mark)
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d)does plasmolysis occur in animal cells?explain ( 2marks)
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d) Explain what would happen to onion epidermal cells if they were placed in distilled water.
(3marks)
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7.a)Describe the factors that determine energy requirement in man (10 marks)
b) How is the ileum adapted to perform its function (10marks)
8a).Describe the adaptations of the following structures to their function (15marks)
i) Xylem tissue
ii) Phloem tissue
iii) Root hair cell
b) Explain how water moves from the soil to xylem vessel in the roots (5marks)
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