¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?

,QWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHQHODXOD

ÊOLD/ySH]&DVVj

&yPRGHVDUUROODUODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO

8QDIRUPDSDUDGHVDUUROODUODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHVPHGLDQWHSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO(VWRVSURJUDPDVGHEHUtDQLQLFLDUVHHQODVSULPHUDVHWDSDVGHODYLGD\DTXHHQ
HVWDVHGDGHVVHGDQODVSULPHUDVEDVHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\UHODFLyQ3RUHMHPSORFXDQGRXQ
QLxR HPSLH]D D KDEODU HV LPSRUWDQWH GHFLUOH FRVDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ VXV HPRFLRQHV ©<D
YHR TXH WH VLHQWHV WULVWH SRUTXH PH HFKDV HQ IDOWDª ©7H VLHQWHV FRQWHQWR ¢YHUGDG" <R
WDPELpQ PH VLHQWR FRPR W~ £TXp DOHJUtDª &RQ HMHUFLFLRV VHQFLOORV GH HVWH WLSR OH
D\XGDPRVDSRQHUXQQRPEUHDVXVHPRFLRQHVFRPSDUWLPRVODVQXHVWUDV\FRQVHJXLPRV
TXHORVQLxRVDVRFLHQODHPRFLyQFRQXQDVLWXDFLyQYLYLGDORTXHIDYRUHFHHOGHVDUUROORGH
ODFRQFLHQFLDHPRFLRQDO\GHODHPSDWtD

1R WDQ VyOR QRV FHQWUDUHPRV HQ OD LQIDQFLD VLQR TXH HQ FXDOTXLHU HWDSD GH OD YLGD SRU
HMHPSOR HQ OD HWDSD HGXFDWLYD GH OD (GXFDFLyQ 6HFXQGDULD 2EOLJDWRULD (62  VH KDFH
QHFHVDULD OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO /RV DGROHVFHQWHV QHFHVLWDQ
DXWRDILUPDUVHYDORUDUVXVFDSDFLGDGHV\OLPLWDFLRQHVWRPDUVXVSURSLDVGHFLVLRQHVWHQHU
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVVHQWLUVHDFHSWDGRVSRUORVGHPiVHWF(QFXDOTXLHUHGDGHVSULPRUGLDO
HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \D TXH QRV D\XGD D FRQRFHUQRV PHMRU FRPR
SHUVRQDV\DFRPSUHQGHUPHMRUDORVGHPiV


45
 INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ

/DVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHVHGHVDUUROODQHQHODXODVRQHOSULQFLSDOYHKtFXORSDUDODUHODFLyQHQWUH
HO SURIHVRUDGR \ HO DOXPQDGR \ HV DOOt GRQGH VH SRQH HQ MXHJR OD FDUJD HPRFLRQDO \
DIHFWLYD /D PHWRGRORJtD HGXFDWLYD PiV HILFD] HV DTXHOOD EDVDGD HQ ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV
SUHYLRVGHORVQLxRV\DGROHVFHQWHVHQVXVLQWHUHVHV\QHFHVLGDGHVSHUVRQDOHV\VRFLDOHV\
HQ VXV YLYHQFLDV GLUHFWDV 3DUD HOOR SXHGHQ D\XGDU UHFXUVRV GLGiFWLFRV LPiJHQHV
IRWRJUDItDVFDQFLRQHVFXHQWRVOLWHUDWXUDMXHJRVYtGHRVREMHWRVQRWLFLDVGHSUHQVDUROH
SOD\LQJ HWF  TXH VXVFLWHQ OD FRQFLHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \ TXH RIUH]FDQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH
H[SHULPHQWDU HPRFLRQHV &RQYLHQH RIUHFHU HVSDFLRV HQ HO DXOD GH UHIOH[LyQ \ GH
LQWURVSHFFLyQIRPHQWDUODFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQORVGHPiV\WUDEDMDUHQHTXLSR

(V HIHFWLYR SUHSDUDU HVSDFLRV DELHUWRV FRQ VLOODV R FRMLQHV HQ ORV TXH GHVGH XQD FLHUWD
FRPRGLGDGSRVWXUDOVH SXHGDQH[SRQHUFRPSDUWLU\YLYHQFLDU VLWXDFLRQHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
HPRFLRQDO\IDYRUH]FDQODFRPXQLFDFLyQYLVXDO\FRUSRUDOGHORVDOXPQRV

«El profesor, con sus actitudes y comportamientos, puede ofrecer

un clima de seguridad, respeto y confianza ante los alumnos.»

(Q ODV SULPHUDV HGDGHV HVFRODUHV HV QHFHVDULD OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ FRQWLQXD HQWUH HO
SURIHVRUDGR \ODV IDPLOLDV (Q HVWDV HGDGHV HV FRQYHQLHQWH HOXVRGH PDWHULDOHV YLDMHURV
HQWHQGLGRV FRPR DTXHOORV TXH RIUHFHQ OD SRVLELOLGDG D ODV IDPLOLDV \ WDPELpQ D RWURV
HGXFDGRUHV  GH TXH SXHGDQ SDUWLFLSDU GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO6HWUDWDGHKDFHUOOHJDUDORVDJHQWHVHGXFDWLYRVORTXHVHWUDEDMDHQODHVFXHOD
VREUHLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOSDUDTXHWRPHQFRQFLHQFLDGHVXYDORUSHGDJyJLFR\SDUDTXH
SXHGDQFRQWULEXLUHQXQDHGXFDFLyQFRPSDUWLGD(QODDGROHVFHQFLDVHKDFHPiVKLQFDSLp
HQ HO WUDEDMR FRQ HO DOXPQDGR SDUD TXH pVWH SXHGD WUDQVIHULUOR D VX HQWRUQR \ D ODV
SHUVRQDVPiVSUy[LPDV

(O HQWRUQR HVFRODU HV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH SDUD IDYRUHFHU OD HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO +D\ GLYHUVDV
HVWUDWHJLDV SDUD SRQHUOD HQ SUiFWLFD 8QD GH HOODV HV LQWHJUiQGROD HQ ODV GLYHUVDV iUHDV
DFDGpPLFDV \ D OR ODUJR GH WRGRV ORV FXUVRV GH IRUPD WUDQVYHUVDO &XDQGR HVWR QR HV
SRVLEOH FRPR PtQLPR KDEUtD TXH SURFXUDU OOHJDU DO Pi[LPR GH PDWHULDV \ HQ WRGRV ORV
FXUVRVSRVLEOHV/DWXWRUtD\ODDVLJQDWXUDGHHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDVRQXQHVSDFLR
LGyQHRSDUDODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO

(V PX\ LPSRUWDQWH HO URO GHO SURIHVRU R SURIHVRUD HQ HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO \D TXH SRU
LPLWDFLyQ HO DOXPQR R DOXPQD DSUHQGH D GHVDUUROODU \ D SRQHU HQ SUiFWLFD VX SURSLD
LQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO(OSURIHVRUFRQVXVDFWLWXGHV\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVSXHGHRIUHFHUXQ
FOLPDGHVHJXULGDGUHVSHWR\FRQILDQ]DDQWHORVDOXPQRVTXHGHVHDHGXFDU3RUHMHPSOR
HODGXOWRWUDQVPLWH\FRQWDJLDVXHVWDGRHPRFLRQDODWUDYpVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQYHUEDO\QR


46
 ¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?

YHUEDOFRPRJHVWRVWRQRGHYR]FRQWDFWRItVLFRHWF6LHODGXOWRFDGDYH]TXHVHHQIDGD
FKLOODHOQLxRDSUHQGHUiDKDFHUORPLVPRFRQORVGHPiV

(O SURIHVRU GHEH GHVDUUROODU VX FDSDFLGDG HPSiWLFD FRQ HO DOXPQR SDUD SRGHU HVWDEOHFHU
UHODFLRQHVGHFRQILDQ]D\FRUGLDOLGDG'HEHVHUUHFHSWLYRDOFRQWDFWRKXPDQRSDUDIDFLOLWDU
TXHODFRPXQLFDFLyQDIHFWXRVDVHDILDQFHHQODVUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVHQWUHODVSHUVRQDV

$VtSXHVHOSURIHVRUDGRGHEHVHQVLELOL]DUVH\IRUPDUVHHQFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHVFRPR
SDVR SUHYLR D OD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO 3DUD HOOR SXHGH UHDOL]DU FXUVRV
OHFWXUDVLQWHUFDPELRVGHH[SHULHQFLDVHWF(OSURIHVRUWXWRUWLHQHXQSHVRUHOHYDQWHHQOD
DSOLFDFLyQGHSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO\DTXHHVHOUHIHUHQWHLQPHGLDWRGHVXV
DOXPQRV\DOXPQDVSRURWUDSDUWHVXHOHVHUHOTXHWLHQHPiVFRQWDFWRFRQHOORVDORODUJR
GHODVHPDQD

/D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO GHEHUtD WHQHU FRQWLQXLGDG D OR ODUJR GH OD HVFRODULGDG DVt FRPR
GLVSRQHUGHP~OWLSOHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDOOHYDUDODSUiFWLFDHVWRVDSUHQGL]DMHV<QRVROR
GHQWUR GHO HVSDFLR HVFRODU VLQR WDPELpQ HQ OD IDPLOLD DFWLYLGDGHV H[WUDHVFRODUHV WLHPSR
OLEUHHWF&XDQGRVHWUDWDGHGHVDUUROODUFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHVWRGRHOSURFHVRYLWDO
GHEH FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HO HVFHQDULR GHO FDPELR SRUTXH OD YLGD PLVPD HV OD PHMRU GH ODV
HVFXHODV

/DSUiFWLFDGHODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHQHODXOD

(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVHH[SRQHQDOJXQRVHMHUFLFLRVSUiFWLFRVTXHIDYRUHFHQHOGHVDUUROORGHOD
LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO (V LPSRUWDQWH OOHYDUODV D FDER GH IRUPD LQWHQFLRQDO \ VLVWHPiWLFD
(Q WRGR HO SURFHVR HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH OD LPSOLFDFLyQ \ HO HQWXVLDVPR GHO SURIHVRU (Q OD
PHGLGDHQTXHHOSURIHVRUORKDFHSRUSURSLDFRQYLFFLyQORVUHVXOWDGRVVRQPiVHIHFWLYRV

¢&yPRPHVLHQWR"

(VWD DFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ TXH ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV FRQWHVWHQ D OD SUHJXQWD ©¢&yPR PH
VLHQWR"ª (O DOXPQDGR GHEH DSUHQGHU D LQWHULRUL]DU IRUPDV GH H[SUHVDUVH \ UHODFLRQDUVH
FRQHOPXQGRHPRFLRQDO3DUDHOORHVQHFHVDULRWUDEDMDUSUHYLDPHQWHFRQXQYRFDEXODULR
TXHD\XGHDLGHQWLILFDU \UHFRQRFHUODVSURSLDV HPRFLRQHV3DUD HOORVHSXHGHQSUHVHQWDU
XQRV WpUPLQRV HPRFLRQDOHV EiVLFRV TXH VH LUiQ DPSOLDQGR FRQ OD HGDG DOHJUtD WULVWH]D
HQIDGRYHUJHQ]DPLHGRVHQWLUVHTXHULGRIHOL]HWF

(O SURIHVRU GHEH WDPELpQ IRUPDU SDUWH GH OD DFWLYLGDG \ DO LJXDO TXH VX DOXPQDGR GHEH
H[SUHVDU FyPRVHVLHQWH$ YHFHVORVQLxRV\QLxDVH[SUHVDQ VXV HPRFLRQHVGHIRUPDQR


47
 INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ

YHUEDO (Q WDO FDVR HO DGXOWR GHEH DFRPSDxDU HVWD H[SUHVLyQ FRQ XQD SDODEUD TXH
LGHQWLILTXHODHPRFLyQTXHVLHQWH

3LHQVR\VLHQWRFRVDVSRVLWLYDV

8QDIRUPDSDUDD\XGDUDVHQWLUVHPHMRUHVSHQVDUHQFRVDVSRVLWLYDV\VHQWLUODV3DUDHVWH
ILQ FRQYLHQH GHGLFDU WLHPSR D TXH HO DOXPQDGR PXHVWUH FLHUWRV SHQVDPLHQWRV SDUD TXH
SXHGDQJHQHUDUHPRFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVHQHOORVPLVPRV\FRQWDJLDUODVDORVGHPiV+HDTXt
DOJXQRVHMHPSORV

ƒ ©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQPLVDQLPDOHVGHFRPSDxtDPHVLHQWRPX\DOHJUHª

ƒ ©&XDQGRYR\DYHUDPLVDEXHORVGLVIUXWRPXFKRHOGtDª

ƒ ©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQODVYDFDFLRQHVVLHQWRJDQDVGHGLYHUWLUPHª

ƒ ©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQIORUHVGHFRORUHVPHVLHQWRWUDQTXLORª

6LDGHPiVGHH[SUHVDUHVWRVPHQVDMHVRUDOPHQWHORVHVFULELPRV\ORVH[SRQHPRVHQDOJ~Q
HVSDFLRItVLFRHQHODXODHVWRVSXHGHQWHQHUXQDPD\RUUHSHUFXVLyQSRVLWLYDFRQORTXHVH
IDYRUHFHUiHOELHQHVWDUGHOFRQMXQWRGHODFODVH

0HFXLGDQ\PHFXLGR

/OHYDU D OD SUiFWLFD VLWXDFLRQHV HQ ODV TXH ODV SHUVRQDV VH VLHQWDQ FXLGDGDV \ UHVSHWDGDV
SRUORVGHPiVQRWDQVRORIDYRUHFHODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVVLQRTXHWDPELpQFRQWULEX\HDOD
SURSLDDXWRHVWLPD&RQYLHQHUHDOL]DUHVWDVSUiFWLFDVSULPHURFRQXQRPLVPRSDUDFRQRFHU
VXVEHQHILFLRV\SDUDIDPLOLDUL]DUVHFRQHOODV

ƒ 5HDOL]DUPDVDMHVSRUSDUHMDVFRQREMHWRV DOJRGRQHVSDxXHORVSOXPDVHWF R

FRQODVSURSLDVPDQRV

ƒ %DLODUVLQSHUGHUHOFRQWDFWRItVLFR\YLVXDOFRQRWUDSHUVRQD

ƒ 'HFLUVHFRVDVSRVLWLYDV\PHQVDMHVSRVLWLYRVSDUDVHQWLUVHTXHULGR\UHFRQRFLGR

ƒ 3UDFWLFDUORVDEUD]RV

6HQWLU\FRPXQLFDUHPRFLRQHV

7RGDSHUVRQDQHFHVLWDVHQWLUVHHVFXFKDGDVREUHWRGRFXDQGRVLHQWHPDOHVWDU'LVSRQHUGH
WLHPSR SDUD TXH ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV H[SUHVHQ VXV DJUDGHFLPLHQWRV IHOLFLWDFLRQHV TXHMDV \
FRQIOLFWRV HV XQD IRUPD HQ OD TXH GHVDUUROODUiQ VXV FDSDFLGDGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \


48
 ¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?

UHODFLyQDSUHQGHUiQDHPSDWL]DUFRQORVGHPiV\VHUiQPiVDVHUWLYRV(VWDQLPSRUWDQWH
H[SUHVDUHPRFLRQHV\VLWXDFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVFRPRQHJDWLYDV

(Q HO DXOD VH SXHGHQ SRQHU GRV EX]RQHV HQ ORV TXH HO DOXPQDGR SXHGD GHSRVLWDU VXV
PHQVDMHV SDUD TXH SXHGDQ VHU H[SUHVDGRV \ FRPSDUWLGRV FRQ ORV GHPiV 8QR VHUi HO
EX]yQ GHO ELHQHVWDU \ HO RWUR HO GHO PDOHVWDU 'XUDQWH XQD VHPDQD XQD YH] DO GtD VH
DEULUiQORVEX]RQHVSDUDTXHVXVPHQVDMHVVHDQOHtGRVH[SUHVDGRV\FRPSDUWLGRVFRQORV
GHPiV /D H[SUHVLyQ \ FRQFLHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HV XQ SDVR SUHYLR SDUD EXVFDU VROXFLRQHV
FRQMXQWDV

(OHQIDGR

(O HQIDGR HV XQD HPRFLyQ TXH GHEH H[SUHVDUVH GH IRUPD
DSURSLDGD QR GH IRUPD LPSXOVLYD \D TXH HVR FRQOOHYD D XQD
IDOWDGHUHJXODFLyQHPRFLRQDO

(V LPSRUWDQWH TXH ORV DOXPQRV \ DOXPQDV VHDQ FDSDFHV GH

UHFRQRFHU FXiQGR \ HQ TXp VLWXDFLRQHV PDQLILHVWDQ HO HQIDGR
DVtFRPRSURSRQHUHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDVXUHJXODFLyQ

(VWD DFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ TXH HO DOXPQDGR FRPSOHWH FXDWUR

PHQVDMHV LQFRPSOHWRV VHJ~Q VXV SURSLDV YLYHQFLDV \
H[SHULHQFLDV

3DUDHOORGHEHQUHIOH[LRQDUGHIRUPDLQGLYLGXDO

ƒ 0HHQIDGRFRQORVGHPiVFXDQGR«««««««

ƒ &XDQGRPHHQIDGRQRWRTXHPLFXHUSR«««««««

ƒ &XDQGRORVGHPiVPHPXHVWUDQVXHQIDGRPHVLHQWR««««««

ƒ &XDQGRPHHQIDGR«««««««

3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHFRPSDUWLUiQORVPHQVDMHVFRPSOHWDGRVHQSHTXHxRJUXSRSDUDGLVFXWLU
\SRQHUHQFRP~QORVDVSHFWRVVHPHMDQWHV\GLIHUHQWHV

(V LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU ODV DSRUWDFLRQHV GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV JUXSRV SDUD UHIOH[LRQDU
FRQMXQWDPHQWH\DGRSWDUFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHVHDQ~WLOHVSDUDHOJUXSR

$OILQDOVHSXHGHQUHGDFWDUPHQVDMHVHQORVTXHVHVLQWHWLFHQODVLGHDV\DSRUWDFLRQHVGHO
JUXSRFODVHFRPRSRUHMHPSOR


49
 INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ

ƒ 7RGDSHUVRQDVHSXHGHHQIDGDUFXDQGR«««««««

ƒ 3DUDUHJXODUODHPRFLyQGHHQIDGRVHSXHGH«««««««

ƒ &XDQGRORVGHPiVPHH[SUHVDQVXHQIDGR\R«««««««

/DUHFHWDHPRFLRQDO

(Q HVWD DFWLYLGDG FDGD DOXPQR GHEH LPDJLQDUVH TXH HV FRFLQHUR \ GHEH HVFRJHU GH ORV
VLJXLHQWHV ©LQJUHGLHQWHV HPRFLRQDOHVª XQ FRQMXQWR GH HPRFLRQHV TXH IRUPDUiQ SDUWH GH
VX©UHFHWDªIHOLFLGDGWULVWH]DWUDQTXLOLGDGYHUJHQ]DSDVLyQLOXVLyQUDELDDVFRDPRU
HVSHUDQ]D PLHGR DOHJUtD (V LQWHUHVDQWH TXH FRQWHVWHQ LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH D HVWDV
SUHJXQWDV

ƒ ¢3RUTXpKDVHVFRJLGRHVWRVLQJUHGLHQWHV\QRRWURV"

ƒ ¢6LWXYLHUDVTXHHODERUDUXQDUHFHWDSDUDRWUDSHUVRQDDTXLHQHOHJLUtDV"¢3RU
TXp"

ƒ ¢4XpLQJUHGLHQWHVSRGUtDVHQODUHFHWD"¢3RUTXp"

ƒ &RPSDUWHWXUHFHWDFRQORVGHPiV\MXVWLILFDODHOHFFLyQGHLQJUHGLHQWHVTXHKDV
KHFKR

/DGXFKD

8QDSURSXHVWDTXHD\XGDDIDYRUHFHUHOELHQHVWDUItVLFR \PHQWDOGHORVQLxRV\QLxDVHV
PHGLDQWHODSUiFWLFDGHOPDVDMH(OPDVDMHHVWDPELpQXQDEXHQDSUiFWLFDSDUDIRUWDOHFHU
YtQFXORVDIHFWLYRVFRQXQRPLVPR\FRQORVGHPiV\GHVDUUROODUXQDEXHQDDXWRHVWLPD

(VWD DFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ UHSURGXFLU GLIHUHQWHV PDVDMHV FRPR VL HO QLxR R QLxD HVWXYLHUD
©GXFKiQGRVHª 3ULPHUR HO PDVDMH GH OD GXFKD HV HQVHxDGR SRU HO SURIHVRU SDUD TXH
GHVSXpVSXHGHQ UHDOL]DUORORVDOXPQRV HQWUHHOORV RELHQSUDFWLFiUVHOR DVtPLVPRV (VWRV
VRQORVSDVRVSDUDUHSURGXFLUXQD©GXFKDªPHGLDQWHHOPDVDMH

ƒ /RVGHGRVGHODVPDQRVVHPXHYHQSRUWRGRHOFXHUSRFRPRVLIXHUDQJRWDVGH
DJXD HODJXD 

ƒ 0DVDMHVFRQWRGDODSDOPDGHODVPDQRV\KDFLHQGRPRYLPLHQWRVURWDWLYRV
HQMDERQDGR 

ƒ /RVGHGRVGHODVPDQRVVHPXHYHQFRPRVLIXHUDQJRWDVGHDJXD HODJXD 


50
 ¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?

ƒ /DVPDQRVDELHUWDVWRFDQGRHOFXHUSRFRPRVLIXHVHXQDWRDOOD VHFDGR 

ƒ /DVPDQRVDELHUWDVUHDOL]DQGRPRYLPLHQWRVDVFHQGHQWHV\GHVFHQGHQWHV FRPR
VLSXVLpUDPRVFUHPDFRUSRUDO 

ƒ 8QDEUD]RR©DXWRDEUD]Rª FRPRVLIXHUDHODOERUQR] 

(OSURIHVRURSURIHVRUDSUHJXQWDUiDORVDOXPQRVFyPRVHVLHQWHQTXpOHVKDJXVWDGRTXp
QROHVKDJXVWDGRWDQWR\OHVDQLPDUiDTXHSXHGDQSUDFWLFDUORFRQVXVVHUHVTXHULGRV

/DFDMDGHORVDIHFWRV

/D FDMD GH ORV DIHFWRV HV XQD SURSXHVWD TXH D\XGD D GHVSOHJDU HVWUDWHJLDV GH UHODFLyQ \
DSUR[LPDFLyQ KDFLD XQR PLVPR \ KDFLD ORV GHPiV GHVDUUROODQGR SUiFWLFDV FRPXQLFDWLYDV
YHUEDOHV\QRYHUEDOHVDVtFRPRSRWHQFLDQGRXQDEXHQDDXWRHVWLPD

(O SURIHVRU PRVWUDUi XQD FDMD GHFRUDGD FRQ WRQRV FODURV \ DWUDFWLYRV \ HQ HOOD VH
GHSRVLWDUiQ WRGDV ODV SRVLEOHV PDQHUDV GH PRVWUDU DIHFWRV (VWR VH SXHGH KDFHU
GHSRVLWDQGRPHQVDMHVHVFULWRVIRWRJUDItDVREMHWRVHWF/DFDMDVHDEULUiHQORVPRPHQWRV
HQTXHVHQHFHVLWHWUDVPLWLUPXHVWUDVGHDIHFWRHVWLPDFLyQ\FDULxRDDOJXLHQ

'HILHQGHWXVGHUHFKRV

(QHVWDDFWLYLGDGORVQLxRV\QLxDVLGHQWLILFDUiQORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVDVHUWLYRVDJUHVLYRV\
VXPLVRV(QSULPHUOXJDUHOSURIHVRUSHGLUiDORVDOXPQRVTXHEXVTXHQLQIRUPDFLyQVREUH
ORV FRQFHSWRV ©DVHUWLYRª ©DJUHVLYRª \ ©VXPLVRª 3DUD HOOR SXHGHQ SUHJXQWDU EXVFDU
LQIRUPDFLyQSRU,QWHUQHWFRQVXOWDUOLEURVHWF

3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH H[SRQH HQ JUDQ JUXSR OD GHILQLFLyQ GH FDGD FRQFHSWR SDUD FRPSDUWLU
HQWUHWRGRVHOPLVPRVLJQLILFDGR(QSHTXHxRVJUXSRVGHWUDEDMRORVDOXPQRVWHQGUiQTXH
EXVFDUHMHPSORVGHORVWUHVWLSRVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWR\JHQHUDUXQDOLVWDGHHOORV

)LQDOPHQWH VH SRQHQ HQ SUiFWLFD SRU SDUHMDV XQD GHODQWH GH OD RWUD  FDGD XQR GH ORV
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHKDQGLFKRORVGHPiVJUXSRV\HVWRVGHEHQFODVLILFDUORVVHJ~QVHDXQ
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR DJUHVLYR VXPLVR R DVHUWLYR 3RU HMHPSOR PLUDUVH D ORV RMRV DO KDEODU
DVHUWLYR FKLOODU DJUHVLYR REDMDUODFDEH]D VXPLVR 

8QD YH] YLYHQFLDGR D QLYHO GH JUXSR HV LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU FyPR VH KDQ VHQWLGR ORV
DOXPQRV DQWH ORV WUHV WLSRV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR \ YDORUDU ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV PiV
SRVLWLYRVSDUDODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\ODDXWRHVWLPD

 


51
 INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ


$IHFWRV

(Q HVWD SURSXHVWD ORV DOXPQRV H[SUHVDUiQ VXV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ HPRFLRQHV SRVLWLYDV D ORV
FRPSDxHURV \ FRPSDxHUDV GH FODVH (V LPSRUWDQWH SRWHQFLDU HO HVIXHU]R \ OD LPSOLFDFLyQ
SDUD SDUWLFLSDU HQ HVWH WLSR GH DFWLYLGDGHV (O SURIHVRU SURFXUDUi WDPELpQ TXH HQWUH HOORV
HVWpQORVDOXPQRVPHQRVSRSXODUHVRLQFOXVRUHFKD]DGRVSRUSDUWHGHOJUXSR

6H RUJDQL]D HO JUXSR SRU SDUHMDV D HVFRJHU SRU HODOXPQDGR 7RGRV WHQGUiQ XQD SDUHMD
6HKDFHQGRVFtUFXORVXQFtUFXORLQWHULRU\XQFtUFXORH[WHULRUHQHOTXHODVSDUHMDVHVWiQ
XQDDOIUHQWHGHODRWUD3ULPHURHPSLH]DHOFtUFXORH[WHULRUGXUDQWHVHJXQGRVWHQHPRV
TXH GHFLUOH D OD SHUVRQD TXH WHQHPRV GHODQWH WRGR OR TXH VHQWLPRV SRVLWLYDPHQWH KDFLD
HOOD/DRWUDSHUVRQDVRORHVFXFKDQRKDEOD

«El masaje es también una buena práctica para fortalecer

vínculos afectivos con uno mismo y con los demás y
desarrollar una buena autoestima.»

3RVWHULRUPHQWH WUDQVFXUULGRV ORV  VHJXQGRV OD RWUD SHUVRQD SXHGH DJUDGHFHUOH
GLFLpQGROHJUDFLDVGiQGROHXQDSUHWyQGHPDQRVXQDEUD]RHWF ORVPHQVDMHVSRVLWLYRV
UHFLELGRV 'HVSXpV VH UHDOL]DUi OR PLVPR GDQGR WXUQR DO FtUFXOR LQWHULRU /RV GRV FtUFXORV
URWDUiQ FRQ OD ILQDOLGDG GH TXH VH HQFXHQWUHQ RWUDV SDUHMDV \ VH UHSLWD HO SURFHVR (V
LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU FyPR VH KDQ VHQWLGR ORV DOXPQRV TXp PHQVDMHV KDQ UHFLELGR TXp
FRPSDxHURRFRPSDxHUDOHVKDVRUSUHQGLGRHWF

/DUDGLR

(VWD DFWLYLGDG D\XGD D GHVDUUROODU KDELOLGDGHV GH HVFXFKD HPSiWLFD D LGHQWLILFDU \

UHFRQRFHUVHQWLPLHQWRV\HPRFLRQHVGHORVGHPiV\DHVWDEOHFHUFRPXQLFDFLyQVRFLDO/RV
DOXPQRV VH SRQHQ SRU SDUHMDV \ VH VLHQWDQ GH HVSDOGDV (O SURIHVRU LQGLFDUi TXH GHEHQ
VLPXODU XQD UDGLR &RPR VL HVWXYLHUDQ HQ XQ SURJUDPD UDGLRIyQLFR QR SXHGHQ YHUVH QL
PLUDUVHVRORKDEODU\HVFXFKDU

8QDYH]RUJDQL]DGDVODVSDUHMDVGHEHQDFRUGDUXQWHPDTXHVHDFRQWURYHUWLGRRSROpPLFR
8QDGHODVGRVSHUVRQDVKDUiGHORFXWRUGHUDGLR\HORWURGHR\HQWH(OORFXWRUVHOLPLWDD
FRPXQLFDUODQRWLFLD\HOR\HQWHDHVFXFKDU

(OR\HQWHVRORLQWHUYHQGUiFXDQGRHOORFXWRUOHGpSHUPLVRSDUDKDFHUORFRPRLQYLWDGRGHOD
WHUWXOLD 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH LQWHUFDPELDUiQ ORV UROHV ([SRQHPRV DOJXQDV SUHJXQWDV D
UHIOH[LRQDUSRUSDUHMDV\HQJUDQJUXSR


52
 ¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?

ƒ ¢4XpUROWHKDJXVWDGRPiV"¢3RUTXp"¢4XpQRWHKDJXVWDGRGHORWURURO"

ƒ ¢&yPRWHVLHQWHVFXDQGRWHKDEODQVLQPLUDUWH\DOQRSRGHUYHUORVJHVWRVGHOD
RWUDSHUVRQD"

ƒ ¢4XpWHFXHVWDPiVHVFXFKDURKDEODU"¢3RUTXp"

4XLpQVR\\TXLpQHUHV

$ WUDYpV GH HVWD DFWLYLGDG VH IDYRUHFH HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH XQR PLVPR \ GH ORV GHPiV
LGHQWLILFDU \ UHFRQRFHU ODV HPRFLRQHV SURSLDV \ DMHQDV FRPXQLFDU \ GLDORJDU FRQ ORV
FRPSDxHURV\FRPSDxHUDVGHFODVH

(VWD DFWLYLGDG WLHQH XQ UHTXLVLWR SUHYLR &DGD DOXPQR R DOXPQDGH OD FODVH GHEH HVFRJHU
WUHV REMHWRV SHUVRQDOHV TXH D\XGHQ D LGHQWLILFDUOH FRPR SHUVRQD 3XHGHQ VHU REMHWRV
IDYRULWRVUHFXHUGRVFRVDVGHXVRFRWLGLDQRHWF&DGDDOXPQRWUDHUiXQDFDMDFRQVXVWUHV
REMHWRV3DUDHOORQRSXHGHQYHUTXLpQGHSRVLWDODFDMLWDGHQWURGHXQDJUDQFDMD

/RVDOXPQRVVHVLHQWDQHQFtUFXOR\YDQVDFDQGRFDGDXQDGHODVFDMLWDV&DGDXQRDEULUi
XQD \ UHVSHWDQGR HO WXUQR LUi GHVFULELHQGR ORV REMHWRV TXH HVWiQ HQ OD FDMD \ GLUi HO
QRPEUHGHXQDSRVLEOHSHUVRQDTXH VHDVHPHMH HQVXSHUILOGHVFULSWLYR 3RU HMHPSOR©$
HVWDSHUVRQDOHJXVWD«VHGHEHVHQWLU«FUHRTXHSXHGHVHU«ª8QDYH]GLFKRHOQRPEUH
ORVGHPiVSXHGHQRSLQDU

$VtVHKDUiFRQFDGDXQDGHODVFDMLWDVSDUDTXHILQDOPHQWHFDGDSHUVRQDGHVFXEUDFXiOHV
ODVX\D\SRUTXpKDHVFRJLGRGLFKRV REMHWRV 6LVHTXLHUHVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUOiSL]\SDSHO
SDUD UHFRJHU HQ IRUPD GH OLVWD ORV SRVLEOHV SURSLHWDULRV GH ODV FDMLWDV (V LQWHUHVDQWH
LQWHUFDPELDUODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV\YLYHQFLDVHQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWDDFWLYLGDG

/DDGROHVFHQFLD\ODVH[SHULHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV

'HOPLVPRPRGRTXHHQHVWHGRFXPHQWRKDFHPRVUHIHUHQFLDDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODQLxH]
ODDGROHVFHQFLDHVXQDHWDSDHYROXWLYDTXHGHEHVHUUHFRQRFLGDFRPSUHQGLGD\DFHSWDGD
SRU ORV DGXOWRV /RV DGROHVFHQWHV QHFHVLWDQ D ORV DGXOWRV SDUD FRQVWUXLUVH LQWHJUDOPHQWH
FRPRSHUVRQDV\SDUDVXSUHSDUDFLyQSDUDODYLGDLQGHSHQGLHQWH

&RQ HVWDV OtQHDV SUHWHQGHPRV GDU D FRQRFHU OD DGROHVFHQFLD FRPR XQ SURFHVR TXH VH
HQFXHQWUDHQWUHODLQIDQFLD\ODYLGDDGXOWD(VXQSHUtRGRSDUDDSUHQGHUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQ
DGXOWRQRSDUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQXQDGROHVFHQWHFRQp[LWR3RUHOORQRVUHIHULUHPRVDDOJXQRV
DVSHFWRV TXH YLYH HO DGROHVFHQWH \ TXH QHFHVLWDQ GHO DSR\R GH TXLpQ OH URGHD \ GH OD
HGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO


53
 INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ

/D DGROHVFHQFLD HV VtQWRPD GH LQHVWDELOLGDG HPRFLRQDO (Q HVD HGDG ORV MyYHQHV SDVDQ
V~ELWDPHQWH GH OD GHVHVSHUDFLyQ D OD HXIRULD GHO HQDPRUDPLHQWR D OD FXOSD GHO
DEXUULPLHQWRDODH[FLWDFLyQ/DVHPRFLRQHVHVWiQHQFRQVWDQWHFDPELR\VLQRVHOHVD\XGD
DUHJXODUODVODVFRQGXFWDVSXHGHQUHVXOWDULPSXOVLYDV\GHVFRQWURODGDV

(O DGROHVFHQWH VH FLHUUD HQ Vt PLVPR VH YXHOYH HJRFpQWULFR HVWi WDQ SUHRFXSDGR SRU VX
SURSLDSHUVRQDTXHWLHQGHFRQIUHFXHQFLDDQRFRQVLGHUDUODSHUVSHFWLYDDMHQD7RGRVHVWRV
FRQVWLWX\HQDVSHFWRVTXHGDxDQVXVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\VXDXWRHVWLPD

(O DGROHVFHQWH WDPELpQ GHEH DVXPLU VX QXHYD LPDJHQ FRUSRUDO GHVDUUROODU ODV GLIHUHQWHV
GLPHQVLRQHV GH VX LGHQWLGDG DFHSWDU H[SHULPHQWDU \ UHJXODU VX VH[XDOLGDG DSUHQGHU D
XWLOL]DU FRQ IOH[LELOLGDG VXV QXHYDV FDSDFLGDGHV FRJQLWLYDV DIURQWDU OD SUHVLyQ GH ORV
FRPSDxHURV \ OD SUHVLyQ HVFRODU 'HEH SRQHU D SUXHED VX FDSDFLGDG GH DIURQWDPLHQWR
FRVDQDGDIiFLO3RUWRGRHOORHODGXOWRQRGHEHGHVYLQFXODUVHGHODGROHVFHQWH\DTXHHVWH
D~QORQHFHVLWD

«La adolescencia es un período para aprender a

convertirse en adulto, no para convertirse en un
adolescente con éxito.»

(VEDVWDQWHIUHFXHQWH\GLItFLOILMDUOtPLWHVDORVDGROHVFHQWHV\DTXHVRQFRQVFLHQWHVTXH
RWURVGHVXPLVPDHGDGJR]DQGHPD\RUHVOLEHUWDGHVTXHHOORV/RVOtPLWHVFRQWULEX\HQD
TXH ORV DGROHVFHQWHV FRQR]FDQ VXV REMHWLYRV SDUD HQFDPLQDU VXV HVIXHU]RV \ DFFLRQHV \
ORVDGXOWRVGHEHQD\XGDUOHVDPDUFDUXQRVREMHWLYRVUHDOLVWDV\FRQVWUXFWLYRVSDUDTXHORV
DGROHVFHQWHVVHVLHQWDQDXWyQRPRVUHVSRQVDEOHV\FRQVLGHUDGRV

$Vt SXHV HV QHFHVDULR TXH DSUHQGDQ D XWLOL]DU VXV FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV \ TXH HO
DGXOWR HVWp D VX ODGR DQWH ORV PRPHQWRV GH FULVLV \ YXOQHUDELOLGDG DXQTXH HQ DOJXQRV
PRPHQWRV VLHQWD TXH HO DGROHVFHQWH OR UHFKD]D \ PXHVWUH GHVFRQILDQ]D KDFLD pO (Q HVWH
VHQWLGRORVSDGUHV\HOSURIHVRUDGRMXHJDQXQSDSHOPX\LPSRUWDQWHSDUDDVHJXUDUTXHHO
DGROHVFHQWH VH FRQYLHUWD HQ XQ DGXOWR HPRFLRQDOPHQWH LQWHOLJHQWH VLQ SDVDU SRU DOWR HO
RIUHFHUOHDPRUKXPRUOtPLWHV\FRPXQLFDFLyQ

3DUD PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO FHQWUDGRV HQ OD
DGROHVFHQFLD FRQVXOWDU HO DSDUWDGR ©6($/ HQ HGXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD ž GH (62 ª GHO
FDStWXOR  GH HVWH LQIRUPH ©,PSOHPHQWDFLyQ GH HQIRTXHV JOREDOHV HQ HO 3URJUDPD 6($/
6RFLDO DQG (PRWLRQDO $VSHFWV RI /HDUQLQJ  GHO 5HLQR 8QLGRª $VLPLVPR SDUD DPSOLDU
FRQRFLPLHQWRV VREUH HO $6( HQ ODV DXODV FRQVXOWDU HO FDStWXOR  ©5HIHUHQFLDV
ELEOLRJUiILFDVSDUDODSUiFWLFDª


54