OSPE Questions :

Blood
1. What are the method of Hb estimation? Which
one is the most appropriate method and why?
2. Why N/10 HCl used in estimation of Hb? What
happend when RBC is suspended in the normal
saline and normal tap water?
3. Name the pipette used is physiology lab. How
can you differentiate WBC pipette from RBC
pipette
4. What are the types of ESR tube? How can you
differentiate between them?
5. What are the methods of determination of ESR?
Give the normal values of ESR.
6. List the physiological causes of raised ESR.
Name the reagent used in determination of ESR
in wester green method..
7. What the the RBC indacies? Classify anemia
morphologically.
8. What are the RBC indices? If PCV is 45%,RBC is
5 million/mm3 of blood than calculate the MCV.
9. If RBC count is 5 million/mm3 and Hb% is
15gm/dl,then calculate the MCH. What are
causes of iron deficiency anemia?
10. If PCV is 45%, Hb% is 15gm/dl,then calculate
the MCHC. What are maturation factors for
RBC?
11. What is the significant of calculating MCV?
Give some causes of microcytic hypochromic
anaemia.
12. What does MCH indicates? What is the
significance of calculating MCHC?
13. Classify anaemia based on RBC indices. Why
MCHC is more reliable than other indices?
14. Give the characteristics of Monocyte.Give the
physiological causes of leucocytosis.
15. Why should the angle between the spreader
and the specimen slide be between 30 to 45o
16. What information can you find from a blood
film?
17. What are the types of blood film? Name the
parts of a stained film.
18. What is the clinical significance of doing DC
of WBC? Give the DC of WBC.
19. What are the most ideal area of the smear
for DC? Which objective lens will you use for DC
of WBC?
20. What is bleeding time? What are the
methods of determination of BT and what are
their normal values?
21. What is clotting time? What are the methods
of determination of CT and what are their
normal values?
22. What are the indications of testing BT and
CT? What are the methods of determination of
BT and CT.
23. Name the primary clotting factors. Give the
causes of hemophilia.
24. Why blood does not clot inside body?
25. Name the natural anticoagulants. List the
vitamin K dependent blood clotting factors.
26. Name the common anticoagulants used in
the laboratory. List the vitamin K dependent
blood clotting factors.
27. What are the tests to detect bleeding
disorders.
28. Define and classify haemophilia.
29. Classify haemophilia. Why haemophilia is
uncommon in females?
30. What is prothrombin time? What is the
indication of test for prothrombin time?
31. What is the significance of determination of
PT? What is the therapeutic use of PT test?
32. What do you mean by osmotic fragility of
RBC? Give the significance of the test.
33. Enumerate the conditions in which the red
cell fragility is increased.
34. Enumerate the conditions in which the red
cell fragility is decreased.
35. RBC has no nucleus then why it is called a
cell? What are the advantage of biconcave
shape of RBC?
36. List the different variations of size of RBC ?
Give single example of each.
37. What are the variations of shape of RBC?
Give the importance of absence of nucleus in
RBC.
38. What are the functions of RBC fluid(Dacie’s
fluid)?Can you use hypertonic solution as a
diluting fluid?
39. State the normal values of hematocrit.what
are the physiological causes of increased
haematocrit?
40. State the normal values of hematocrit.what
are the physiological causes of decreased
haematocrit?
CVS:
41. What is pulse? Classify arterial pulse.
42. Write the clinical importance of redial pulse.
43. What is pulse? What is the significance of
examining radial pulse of a subject?
44. Define tachycardia. Give the physiological
causes of tachycardia.
45. Define bradycardia. Give the physiological
causes of bradycardia
46. What are the methods of measurement of
blood pressure? Why brachial artery is preffer to
measure BP?
47. What are the types of blood pressure? How
mean blood pressure is calculated?
48. If a female having a blood pressure of
180/80,then what will be pulse and mean
pressure of the patient?
49. List the different types of blood pressure.
How pulse pressure is calculated?
50. How heart rate can be calculated from ECG.
What does QRS complex indicates?
51. Define ECG. Give the uses of ECG
52. List the positive waves in a typical ECG. Give
the importance of PR interval.
 Respiratory system:

53. What is peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)?

What is its significance?
54. What is peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)?
Give the normal value of PEFR.
55. Define timed vital capacity(FEV1).Give its
importance.
56. What is forced vital capacity? Give the
importance of residual volume.
57. List the respiratory volumes and capacities
with their normal values.
58. Differentiate between alveolar and
pulmonary ventilation.
59. How vital capacity can be calculated.List
some factors affecting vital capacity.
60. What is minute respiratory volume? Give its
normal value.

Renal System:
61.Give 4 difference between glomerular
filtrate and urine.
62. Give the normal constituents of of urine.
63. Define oliguria. Mention their causes.
64. Define anuria. Give the causes of anuria.
65.Give the normal specific gravity of
urine.Write down it,s significance.
66.Why inulin clearance used for measuring
GFR?

Nervous System:
67.Name the reflexes which are tested clinically.
68.Give the root value of knee jerk.Why examination
of knee jerk is important?.
69.What is babinski,s sign? Give its importance.
70.Differentiate between UMNL and LMNL.

Special sense:
71.Give the normal body temperature.List the sites
of recording body temperature.
72. What are the types of body temperature.
Differentiate between them.
73. Name the common sites of recording body
temperature.Why axillary temperature less than
oral temperature?
74. What are the types of light reflexes? Give the
importance of light reflex.
75. What is consensual light reflex? What is its
cause.
76. What is the significance of test of colour
vision.Name the primary colours.
77. What do you mean by colour blindness? What
are methods of determination of colour vision?
78. Name the types of hearing test. What is the
limitations of the tuning fork test?
79. What is deafness? What are their types? Give
the causes of conductive deafness.
80. Give the causes of nerve deafness. Name the
test for nerve deafness.