QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FOR APPLICANTS FOR JAPANESE

GOVERNMENT (MONBUKAGAKUSHO) SCHOLARSHIPS 2022

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
PHYSICS

Exercise List #6 (Solutions)

June 16, 2021

M.Sc. Thiago Felı́cio de Souza

[email protected]

1-1 Alternative B
Decomposing the velocity of the particle at launch, note (Fig. 1-1):

v0 sin θ
~g
A B
v0 cos θ
L
Fig. 1-1

For horizontal movement, L = v0 cos θ∆tAB . And for vertical movement, ∆tAB = 2v0 sin θ/g. There-
fore
2v0 sin θ 2v02 sin θ cos θ
L = v0 cos θ = .
g g
1-2 Alternative C
The moon’s motion is uniform, so, v = 2πR/T . Using Newton’s laws, will have

GmM v2
= m
R2 R F~grav
GM 4π 2 R2 M m
=
R T2 ~v
4π 2 R3 R
M= .
GT 2
Fig. 1-2
1-3 Alternative A
We have a case of free expansion. Thus
PV
P V = p(V + V 0 ) =⇒ p = .
V +V0

1-4 Alternative C
By energy conservation
1 2 1 qQ 1 qQ qQL
mv0 + = =⇒ rmin = .
2 4πε0 L 4πε0 rmin qQ + 2πε0 mv02 L

1
1-5 Alternative A
Being n = c/v, where v is the speed of light in a medium with refractive index n. By the figure,
v2 > v1 . So n2 < n1 .
2-1 Alternative E
In object balance, kx0 = M g =⇒ x0 = M g/k.
2-2 Alternative C
Collision is inelastic, so by conservation of linear momentum
mv0
mv0 = (m + M )v =⇒ v = .
m+M
2-3 Alternative D
Will be equal to
m2 v02
 
1 1 1 1 1 mM
∆E = (m + M )v 2 − mv02 = (m + M ) 2
− mv02 = − v02 .
2 2 2 (m + M ) 2 2 m+M

2-4 Alternative C p
The period depends on the mass and elastic constant of the spring, therefore, T = 2π (m + M )/k.
3-1 Alternative A
The dependence between speed and temperature is Tx = 343 + 0.6x (in m/s) and the temperature
measured in ◦ C. So
T0 343 ∼
= = 0.974.
T15 352
3-2 Alternative D
We have T15 = λ15 f =⇒ 352 = 440λ15 λ15 = 0, 8 m.
3-3 Alternative C
Will be equal to  
352
f‘ = · 440 ∼
= 462 Hz.
352 − 17
4-1 Alternative A
Will be equal to
mO2 0, 78n · 28 ∼
= = 76%.
m n · 28, 96
To calculate the molar mass of the mixture, we have
3
X 0.78 · 28 + 0.21 · 32 + 0.01 · 40
M= yi Mi = g/mol = 28.96 g/mol.
i=1
0.78 + 0.21 + 0.01

Where y is the molar fraction of the gas in the mixture.

4-2 Alternative C
Will be equal to
pM 0.1 · 106 N/m2 · 28.96 · 10−3 kg/mol ∼ 3
ρ= = = 1.29 kg/m .
RT 8.31 J/(mol· K) · 273.15 K

4-3 Alternative B
Being γ = cp /cv for the mixture, will have
γR R
cp − cv = − = R,
γ−1 γ−1
i.e., (cp − cv )/R = 1, which does not depend on whether it is a mixture or a gaseous component.

2
4-4 Alternative B
The number of degrees of freedom of the mixture will be
0.78 · 5 + 0.21 · 5 + 0.01 · 3
q= = 4.98.
0.78 + 0.21 + 0.01
Therefore
q 1
= = 2.49 =⇒ γ ∼
= 1.4.
2 γ−1
5-1 Alternative E
Before inserting the conductor, capacitance C is given by C = 0 A/d. After insertion
 
0 C 1 0 A 3C
C = = = .
2 2 d/3 2

5-2 Alternative I
Before, Q = Cε and after, Q0 = C 0 ε. Therefore
 
0 0 3C Cε
Q − Q = (C − C)ε = −C ε= .
2 2

5-3 Alternative U
Will be equal to
1 1
E 0 − E = (C 0 − C)ε2 = Cε2 .
2 4
5-4 Alternative N
Note that E = E 0 + Wbattery , so Wbattery = −Cε2 /4.

5-5 Alternative W
The energy stored in each capacitor with d/3 spacing will be (2C)(ε/2)2 /2 = Cε2 /4. Then
1 1 1
Wext = Cε2 + Cε2 = Cε2 .
4 4 2

5-6 Alternative U
0
In this case, we don’t have the battery anymore, so Wext = Cε2 /4. With this the conductive plate
will be expelled from the capacitor.