Phrase and Clause of Purpose – Result – Reason Ms.

Snow – 076.222.3895

I. Clause of Purpose : Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích - So That/In Order That để mà

Form :
S + V1/s/es + O So That S + can/will + V0 + O
S + V2/ed + O In Order That S + could/would + V0 + O
 Không có NOT thì dùng can /could
 Có NOT thì dùng won't / wouldn't ,trừ những trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm thì mới dùng can't/couldn't.
Ex1: I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
Ex2: I study hard so that I won't fail the exam.
Ex3: I hide the toy so that my mother can't see it. ( tôi giấu món đồ chơi để mẹ tôi không thể thấy nó  ngăn k cho thấy )
II. Phrase of Purpose : cụm từ chỉ mục đích - In Order To/So As To/To để mà
Form :
In Order To
S+V+O So As To + V0
To
Lưu ý: Nếu có NOT thì để NOT trước TO, tuy nhiên mẫu TO không áp dụng được trường hợp có NOT.
Ex1: I study hard. I want to pass the exam.  I study hard in order to / so as to /to pass the exam.
Ex2: I study hard. I don't want to fail the exam.  I study hard in order not to pass the exam. 
 I study hard so as not to /to pass the exam. 
 I study hard not to pass the exam. 
III. Cách nối câu
1. Dùng SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT :
S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O.
 S1 + V + O so that S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O.
 sau want/ like/ hope là to thì bỏ thay bằ ng can/could/will/would

Ex1: I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates.

 I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates.

S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + O1 + to + V0 + O2.
 S1 + V + O so that S2 (O1) + can/could/will/would + V0 + O2.
 sau want/ like/ hope … có tân ngữ thì lấ y nó ra là m chủ ngữ
 sau want/ like/ hope là to thì bỏ thay bằ ng can/could/will/would

Ex2: I give you the book .I want you to read it.
 I give you the book so that you can read it.
2. Dùng IN ORDER TO/SO AS TO/TO :
S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O.
 S1 + V + O In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O.
( S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luô n want/like/hope + to thêm In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 +
O. )

Ex1: I study hard .I want to pass the exam.

 I study hard in order to pass the exam.
S1 + V + O. S2 + want/like/hope + O + to + V0 + O.
 S1 + V + O In Order for O To/So As for O To + V0 + O.
( S1 = S2 . Bỏ S2, bỏ luô n want/like/hope + to thêm In Order for O To/So As for O To V0 +
O. )

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Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences using infinitive phrase / clause:

1. People use money so that they can buy things they need. (in order to)
 _______________________________________________________________ _________________
2. Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe. (in order to)
 ____________________________________________________________________
3. Mr. Brown is going to the bank to borrow some money. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
4. Alice borrowed an eraser to erase a mistake in his composition. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
5. I need to buy some laundry detergent so that I will wash my clothes. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
6. I moved to the front of the room so as to see better. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
7. I came to this school so that I could learn English . (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
8. He gave her the key for her to open the door. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
9. Mary took her brother to school for him to learn English. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
10. Please arrive early for us to start the meeting on time. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
11. He wrote to David of his interest in science to ask for work. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
12. Kathy built a high wall round her garden for the fruits not to be stolen. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
13. Tom was playing very softly so that he wouldn’t disturb anyone. (in order not to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
14. They rushed into the burning house so that they could save the child. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
15. Lan often attends English Speaking Club to practice speaking English. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
16. He stood on the chair to see better. (in order to)
 ________________________________________________________________________________
17. Please shut the gate for the cows not to get out of the cowshed. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
18. The boy tiptoed into the room not to wake everybody up. (so that )
 ________________________________________________________________________________
19. The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
 It is....................................................................................................................................
20. The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
 He is..................................................................................................................................
21. The film is so long that they can’t broadcast it on one night.
 It is.....................................................................................................................................
22. The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
 They are.............................................................................................................................
23. The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
 It was.................................................................................................................................
24. The food was so hot that it turned my tongue.
 It was.................................................................................................................................
25. There is so much rain that we can’t go out.
 There is such.....................................................................................................................
26. The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
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 He is..................................................................................................................................
27. The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
 It is.....................................................................................................................................
28. The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
 It was.................................................................................................................................
29. There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
 There were such................................................................................................................
30. The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
 It was.................................................................................................................................
31. They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
 They drunk such................................................................................................................
32. Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
 Alice had such...................................................................................................................

Although + S – V, S – V or S – V + although S – V
Although it was raining, Peter went camping. Peter went camping although it was raining
Despite/ In spite of + noun/noun phrase, S – V or S – V + despite/in spite of + noun/noun phrase
In spite of/ Despite the rain, Peter went camping. Peter is very simple inspite of/ despite being rich.

QUY TẮC CHUYỂN TỪ "ALTHOUGH" SANG "IN SPITE OF"/ “DESPITE”

 TH1: 2 mệnh đề trùng chủ ngữ  bỏ chủ ngữ gần ALTHOUGH, ĐT thêm "ing".
Although Nam is tall, he can reach the ceiling.  In spite of/ Despite being tall, Nam can reach the ceiling.
 TH2: NOUN + BE + ADJ  Đặt ADJ trước NOUN, bỏ BE
Although the wind is strong, ...  In spite of/ Despite the strong wind, ...
Sau khi bỏ "to be" (is) thấy có danh từ và tính từ nên ta chỉ việc đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ.
 TH3: ĐẠI TỪ + BE + ADJ  đổi ĐẠI TỪ  dạng SỞ HỮU, đổi ADJ  N ,bỏ BE
Although I was sad, ....  In spite of/ Despite my sadness, ...
 TH4: ĐẠI TỪ + VERB + ADV  đổi ĐẠI TỪ  dạng SỞ HỮU,đổi ADV  N ,bỏ be
Although he acted badly, ...  In spite of/ Despite his bad action, ... (trạng từ đổi thành tính từ)
Although he behaved impolitely,.....  In spite of/ Despite his impolite behavior ,.........
 TH5: THERE BE + NOUN  bỏ THERE BE
Although there was a storm, ...  In spite of/ Despite the storm, ...
Although there was an accident ,.....  In spite of/ Despite an accident,......
 TH6: It (be) + ADJ (weather)  Đổi ADJ thành NOUN thêm THE phía trước
Although it is windy, ...  In spite of/ Despite the wind, ...
Although it was rainy, .....  In spite of/ Despite the rain, ……….
Các TÍNH TỪ và DANH TỪ thường gặp trong mẫu này là:
foggy  fog (sương mù) snowy  snow (tuyết) rainy  rain (mưa) stormy  storm ( bão)
 TH7: DANH TỪ + (BE) + P2 (câu bị động)  Đổi P2  Noun, thêm THE phía trước và OF phía sau, DANH
TỪ để sau OF
Although television was invented, .....  In spite of/ Despite the invention of television, ……….
 TH8: "the fact that" đặt vào trước mệnh đề để biến mệnh đề đó thành một "danh từ" là có thể sử dụng cho bất kì
trường hợp nào. Chỉ nên dùng khi b áp dụng các bước trên mà không làm được.
Although he is tall, he can reach the book on the shelf.  In spite of/ Despite the fact that he is tall, ...
I. Rewrite the sentences, using the words in the brackets. Change other words in the sentence if necessary.
1. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. (IN SPITE OF)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. They have little money. They are happy. (DESPITE)
___________________________________________________________________________

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3. My foot was hurt. I managed to walk to nearest village. (ALTHOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. We planned to visit Petronas in the afternoon. We could not afford the fee. (HOWEVER)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I got very wet in the rain. I had an umbrella. (ALTHOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The new restaurant looks good. It seems to have few customers. (HOWEVER)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. We had planned to walk right round the lake. The heavy rain made this impossible. (ALTHOUGH)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. I’ve been too busy to answer my email. I’ll do it soon. (NEVERTHELESS)
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Mary was sick. She didn’t leave the meeting until it ended. (DESPITE)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. We live in the same street. We rarely see each other. (IN SPITE OF)
____________________________________________________________________________
11. It was a comedy. Almost audience fell asleep. (ALTHOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
12. Her voice is beautiful. She doesn’t want to be a singer. (IN SPITE OF)
___________________________________________________________________________
13. This book is interesting, but she doesn’t like reading it. (DESPITE)
___________________________________________________________________________
14. They didn’t go on a picnic. The weather was cool. (ALTHOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
15. He studied very hard. He failed the test. (ALTHOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
16. Her illness is serious. She doesn’t see her doctor. (DESPITE)
___________________________________________________________________________
17. This girl is intelligent. She is very friendly with her friends. (IN SPITE OF)
___________________________________________________________________________
18. She can work. It is very noisy. (EVEN THOUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence using the word in brackets so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1 In spite of the fact that he was tired, he continued working.
______________________________________________________, he continued working. (ALTHOUGH)
2 Although I was present, I didn't hear your words.
____________________________________________________________, I didn't hear your words. (IN)
3 Although he is sick, he's planning on going to school.
_________________________________________________, he's planning on going to school. (DESPITE)
4 Although she lives in my neighbourhood, I only rarely meet her.
____________________________________________________________, I only rarely meet her. (FACT)
5 Although they are twins, they have few interests in common.
___________________________________________________, they have few interests in common. (OF)
6 Despite the fact that I'm worn out, I can't fall asleep.
______________________________________________________________, I can't fall asleep. (BEING)
7 Despite their wealth, they are not happy.
________________________________________________________, they are not happy. (ALTHOUGH)
8 Although the film is bad, I will enjoy it because I'm with friends.
_______________________________________________, I will enjoy it because I'm with friends. (FACT)
9 Although I received pills at the hospital, I never took them properly.
_________________________________________________________, I never took them properly. (OF)
10 Although he had many toys, his greed made him want more.
____________________________________________________, his greed made him want more. (FACT)
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11 Although he was wrong, he didn't say he was sorry.
_______________________________________________________, he didn't say he was sorry. (DESPITE)

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