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Analog Communication - Multiplexing

The document discusses multiplexing, which is the process of combining multiple signals into one signal over a shared medium. It describes analog multiplexing, digital multiplexing, and different types of multiplexing techniques such as frequency division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, and time division multiplexing. The document also discusses demultiplexers and their uses.

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64 views4 pages

Analog Communication - Multiplexing

The document discusses multiplexing, which is the process of combining multiple signals into one signal over a shared medium. It describes analog multiplexing, digital multiplexing, and different types of multiplexing techniques such as frequency division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, and time division multiplexing. The document also discusses demultiplexers and their uses.

Uploaded by

cdrupwest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/25/24, 3:35 PM Analog Communication - Multiplexing

Analog Communication - Multiplexing


Multiplexing is the process of combining multiple signals into one signal, over a
shared medium. If the analog signals are multiplexed, then it is called as analog
multiplexing. Similarly, if the digital signals are multiplexed, then it is called as
digital multiplexing.

Multiplexing was first developed in telephony. A number of signals were combined to


send through a single cable. The process of multiplexing divides a communication
channel into several number of logical channels, allotting each one for a different
message signal or a data stream to be transferred. The device that does multiplexing
can be called as Multiplexer or MUX.

The reverse process, i.e., extracting the number of channels from one, which is done
at the receiver is called as de-multiplexing. The device that does de-multiplexing
can be called as de-multiplexer or DEMUX.

The following figures illustrates the concept of MUX and DEMUX. Their primary use is
in the field of communications.

Types of Multiplexers
There are mainly two types of multiplexers, namely analog and digital. They are
further divided into Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM), and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). The following figure gives
a detailed idea about this classification.

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4/25/24, 3:35 PM Analog Communication - Multiplexing

There are many types of multiplexing techniques. Out of which, we have the main
types with general classification, mentioned in the above figure. Let us take a look at
them individually.

Analog Multiplexing
The signals used in analog multiplexing techniques are analog in nature. The analog
signals are multiplexed according to their frequency (FDM) or wavelength (WDM).

Frequency Division Multiplexing

In analog multiplexing, the most used technique is Frequency Division Multiplexing


(FDM). This technique uses various frequencies to combine streams of data, for
sending them on a communication medium, as a single signal.

Example − A traditional television transmitter, which sends a number of channels


through a single cable uses FDM.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Wavelength Division multiplexing (WDM) is an analog technique, in which many data


streams of different wavelengths are transmitted in the light spectrum. If the
wavelength increases, the frequency of the signal decreases. A prism, which can turn
different wavelengths into a single line, can be used at the output of MUX and input
of DEMUX.

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4/25/24, 3:35 PM Analog Communication - Multiplexing

Example − Optical fiber communications use WDM technique, to merge different


wavelengths into a single light for communication.

Digital Multiplexing
The term digital represents the discrete bits of information. Hence, the available data
is in the form of frames or packets, which are discrete.

Time Division Multiplexing

In Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), the time frame is divided into slots. This
technique is used to transmit a signal over a single communication channel, by
allotting one slot for each message.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) can be classified into Synchronous TDM and
Asynchronous TDM.

Synchronous TDM

In Synchronous TDM, the input is connected to a frame. If there are ‘n’ number of
connections, then the frame is divided into ‘n’ time slots. One slot is allocated for
each input line.

In this technique, the sampling rate is common for all signals and hence the same
clock input is given. The MUX allocates the same slot to each device at all times.

Asynchronous TDM

In Asynchronous TDM, the sampling rate is different for each of the signals and a
common clock is not required. If the allotted device for a time slot transmits nothing
and sits idle, then that slot can be allotted to another device, unlike synchronous

This type of TDM is used in Asynchronous transfer mode networks.

De-Multiplexer
De-multiplexers are used to connect a single source to multiple destinations. This
process is the reverse process of multiplexing. As mentioned previously, it is used
mostly at the receivers. DEMUX has many applications. It is used in receivers in the
communication systems. It is used in arithmetic and logical unit in computers to
supply power and to pass on communication, etc.

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De-multiplexers are used as serial to parallel converters. The serial data is given as
input to DEMUX at regular interval and a counter is attached to it to control the
output of the de-multiplexer.

Both the multiplexers and de-multiplexers play an important role in communication


systems, both at the transmitter and the receiver sections.

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