SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND CURRICULUM STUDIES

UNIT CODE: BEM 1202 /GEM5101 CAT 1&2 UNIT TITLE: FUNDAMENTAL
OF PEDAGOGY
PERIOD: Jan-April 2021

NAME: MUGO DUNCAN WAWERU REG NO: BEDA/2020/67026

QUESTION ONE
Critically evaluate the role of the Teacher in the teaching learning process (15 Marks)

1. Manager
 The teacher structures ideas by laying down rules and procedures in the learning process
 The teacher manages the classroom environment by organizing classroom space to fit their goals and
maximize learning
 The teacher instills and reinforce positive and caring attitudes in their students
 The teacher process and manage great clerical works whereby he/she grades, tests fill in attendance
records and writes letters
2. Mentor
 The teacher smoothens the way of the learning teaching process by building students’ self-esteem, self
confidence
 The teacher acts as a role model, consultant, advisor and protector
3. Researcher
 A teacher is able to acquire knowledge about school and become a good teacher.
 Research helps a teacher to
i. develop a clear theory of language and learning
ii. gain knowledge and understanding of classroom practice
iii. have easier collaboration with pupils
4. impacts knowledge and skill.

 a teacher understands how children learn and develop and can provide learning opportunities that
support their intellectual, social and personal development.
  The teacher uses a variety of instructional strategies to encourage student’s development of critical
thinking, problem solving and performance skills.
5. Advisor
 The teacher has the role of being an advisor to his students as well as to the parents, even though the
teacher does not have specialized training to be an advisor. Students will always be faced with the need
to make a decision, and in the process, it requires teacher help. For the teacher to know well his role as
an advisor and a more profound belief person, the teacher should examine the psychology of personality.

QUESTION TWO
Using relevant examples, analyze various classroom tests administered to learners
in the teaching learning process, showing their advantages and disadvantages. (15 Marks)

1. Direct Instruction
Direct instruction is used to describe a lesson where the teacher has control. Direct instruction is an instructional
method from the Transmission paradigm, and is based on the learning theories of behaviourism and
developmentalism. In a direct instruction lesson: the teacher usually spends some time lecturing; then the
teacher guides the students through a complex problem, with the problem broken down into simple steps; then
the students are given, one by one, the simple steps to carry out on their own; finally, the students are given one
or many sample problems to accomplish on their own. There are variations of direct instruction. A teacher might
present a video tape, and the students are to watch the video. The teacher breaks this complex problem
(interpreting the video) into simple steps by giving the students questions to answer during the tape. The teacher
might guide the students through a reading in the same manner with questions to guide them. The teacher
might assign the students a task to carry out. In each case, the timing of the lesson and the knowledge the
student will construct are very much under the teacher's control.
The advantages

• The teacher has control of the timing of the lesson.

• Students are physically easy to monitor.

• The teacher has control over what will be learned, and who will learn. If you want to reward the middle-class
students, this is the kind of teaching method to use.

• The curriculum can be covered, so the teacher can say that s/he taught the material.

• Some material should be taught this way! Any information for which there is one right answer, and for which
that answer is relatively simple, can be taught efficiently and honestly by using direct instruction
disadvantages

• It is based on old learning theories: that we must learn simple tasks before complex ones, and that only
measurable learning is worthwhile.

• Students do not have a sense of the overall purpose of the simple steps

• Teachers cannot assess what the students’ prior knowledge is, so will be unaware of why particular students
cannot learn.

• Retention of how to solve the problems is low, because the students have not struggled with the problem
themselves. This disadvantage can be overcome by having the students do many complex problems on their
own. However, this means that one of the advantages (time efficiency) is lost!

• Direct instruction as an instructional method works for only a small percentage of students, not for a great
variety. The students who have other than verbal “intelligence”, or who come from different cultural world views
will fail.

2. diagnostic testing
 diagnostic testing is a form of pre-assessment where teachers can evaluate students' strengths,
weaknesses, knowledge and skills before their instruction.

advantages
 Indicate students' prior knowledge.
 Assess the learning that has occurred during a teaching/learning session.
 Can help instructors adjust content and activities to encourage more effective learning.
 May make the teaching/learning process more efficient and effective by zeroing in on content that needs
to be taught and mastered.
 Can help students understand the value of a lesson, module, or entire course.
 Can point out to students the gaps in student’s reasoning and misperceptions about subject matter.
 May motivate students to seek accurate information and practice.
 Demonstrate to students that their instructors care about them as people and about their success as
learners.
Disadvantages

 assessments may include a teacher making incorrect assumptions about her students' level of knowledge
related to a subject, and subsequently not sufficiently reviewing that topic during the unit.
 3. Formative Testing.
 Formative Testing used to gauge student learning during the lesson

Advantages

 The timeliness of results enables teachers to adjust instruction quickly, while learning is in progress.
 The students who are assessed are the ones who benefit from the adjustments.
 The students can use the results to adjust and improve their own learning.

disadvantage

time consuming -takes more time than teachers might perceive that they have.

check students' learning repeatedly takes more time than to administer one test at the end of a lesson or unit.

4. Summative testing
 Summative assessment is an assessment administered at the end of an instructional unit in a course.
Examples of summative assessments include midterm exams, a final exam or a final project. Summative
assessments are given to students at the end of an instructional period.

advantages

 Determines the achievement of a Candidate.

Disadvantages

 Demotivates individuals
 Disruptive
 No remedy
 Not accurate reflection of learning
 Negative effect for students
 Issues with teaching and curriculum
 Reliability and validity