TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam Final Assesment

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full marks 80

KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE Program BCE Pass marks 32
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Year/Part II/I Time 3 hrs
Examination Section 2080 Shrawan

Subject: - Fluid Mechanics(CE 505)

✔ Candidates are required to give their answer in their own words as far as practicable.
✔ Attempt all Question.
✔ Assume suitable data if necessary.
✔ Figures in the margin indicate the full marks.

1. The clutch system shown in the figure below is used to transmit torque through a 2mm thick oil film with viscosity
0.38Ns/m2 between two identical 30cm diameter disks. When the driving shaft rotates at a speed of 1450 rpm, the driven
shaft is observed to rotate at 1398 rpm. Assuming a linear velocity profile for the oil film, determine the transmitted
torque.
 Above problem can be solved directly using formula of disc rotating.
2. A 50 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm block fig (b) weighing 150 N is to be moved at a constant velocity of 0.80 m/s on an inclined
surface with a friction coefficient of 0.27. (a) Determine the force F that needs to be applied in the horizontal direction.
(b) If a 0.40 mm thick oil film with a dynamic viscosity of 0.012 Pa.s is applied between the block and inclined surface,
determine the percent reduction in the required force.
3. A cylindrical buoy (Fig. 3.21) 1.8m in diameter, 1.2m high and weighing 10kN floats in salt water of density 1025kg /
m3. Its centre of gravity is 0.45m from the bottom. If a load of 2kN is placed on the top, find the maximum height of the
centre of gravity of this load above the bottom if the buoy is to remain in stable equilibrium.
4. A metal plate 1.25 m × 1.25 m × 6 mm thick and weighing 90 N is placed midway in the 24 mm gap between the two
vertical plane surfaces as shown in the Fig. 1.15. The gap is filled with an oil of specific gravity 0.85 and dynamic
viscosity 3.0 Ns/m2. Determine the force required to lift the plate with a constant velocity of 0.15 m/s.
5. A cylindrical gate has a diameter D = 3 m and a length, measured in the direction orthogonal to the drawing in fig, equal
to B = 6 m. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the total force exerted by the water on the gate. Assume a specific
weight of water γw = 9810 N/m3.
6. Calculate the total force on the conical surface if the pressure gauge indicates pressure of pm = 150 kPa. Assume a
specific weight of water γw = 9810 N /m3.
7. The pressurized tank in fig contains water and air in its upper part; on the wall of the tank there is an indentation of
conical shape, with height b and diameter of the base D. The depth of the cone tip with respect to the air-water interface
is h. The air above has a pressure measured by the pressure gauge connected to the upper part of the tank.
Determine the magnitude and the horizontal inclination of the hydrostatic force
on the conical surface. Take : pair = 3 × 105 Pa, b = 0.5 m, h = 1 m and D = 0.3 m
8. A plug in the bottom of a pressurized tank is conical in shape, as shown in Fig. The air pressure is 40 kPa, and the liquid
in the tank has a specific weight of 27 kN/m3. Determine the magnitude, direction, and line of action of the force exerted
on the curved surface of the cone within the tank due to the 40 kPa pressure and the liquid.
9. The 0.5-m-radius semi-circular gate shown in the figure is hinged through the top edge AB. Find the required force to be
applied at the center of gravity to keep the gate closed.
10. In the left hand tank shown in the fig above, the air pressure is – 3.126 m of water. Determine the elevation of the gage
liquid in the right hand column at A, if the liquid in the right hand tank is water
11. Determine the change in the elevation of the mercury in the left leg of the manometer of fig as a result of an increase in
pressure of 34473.8 N/m2 in pipe A while the pressure in pipe B remains constant.
12. A block of volume 0.025 m3 is allowed to sink in water as shown. A circular rod 5 m long and 20 cm2 in cross section is
attached to the weight and also to the wall. If the rod mass is 1.25 kg and the rod makes an angle of 12 degrees with the
horizontal at equilibrium, what is the mass of the block?
13. A jet of water with diameter 100 mm strikes a curved vane at its centre with a velocity of 25 m/s. The curved vane is
moving with a velocity of 5 m/s in the direction of the jet. The jet is deflected through an angle of 160°. Assume that the
plate is smooth. Calculate (i) the force exerted on the vane in the direction of jet, (ii) work done per second by the jet on
the vane, (iii) power of the jet, (iv) efficiency of the jet and (v) maximum efficiency of the jet.
14. A rectangular plate weighing 60 N is suspended vertically by a hinge on the top horizontal edge. The centre of gravity of
the plate is 10 cm from the hinge. A horizontal jet of water of 2.5 cm diameter, whose axis is 15 cm below the hinge,
impinges normally to the plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. Find the horizontal force applied at the centre of gravity to
maintain the plate in vertical position. Find the change in velocity of the jet if the plate is deflected by 30° and the same
horizontal force continues to act at the centre of gravity of the plate.
15. Water enters vertically and steadily at a rate of 35 lit/sec into the sprinkler as shown in figure with unequal arms and
unequal cross sectional area of nozzle. The smaller jet has an area of 3 cm2 and a normal distance of 50 cm from the axis
of rotation. The larger jet has an area of 5 cm2 and a normal distance of 35 cm from the axis of rotation. Disregarding any
frictional effects, determine:(a) the rotational speed of the sprinkler in rpm and (b) the torque required to prevent the
sprinkler from rotating.
16. A four-arm lawn sprinkler, shown in fig. belowhas provision for admitting water at the axis of rotation at a rate of 1.5
L/s. calculate the steady rotational speed by neglecting friction.
17. A velocity field is represented by the expression V = ( Ax - B) i + Cy j + Dt k , where A = 2 s-1, B = 4 m.s-1 , D = 5
m.s-2, and coordinates are measured in meters. Determine the proper value for C if the flow field is to be incompressible.
Calculate the acceleration of a fluid particle located atpoint (x, y) = (3, 2). Determine the path of the particle which is at
position (3,5,4) at time 2 sec ?
18. Consider the velocity field V = axî + by( 1 + ct ) ĵ, where a = b = 2 𝑠 −1 and c = 0.4 𝑠 −1 Coordinates are measured in
meters. For the particle that passes through the point (x, y) = (1, 1) at the instant t= 0, plot the pathline during the interval
from t = 0 to 1.5 s. Compare this pathline with the streamlines plotted through the same point at the instants t = 0, 1, and
1.5 sec.
19. The velocity components in a 2- D flow field for an incompressible fluid are expressed as

(b) Obtain an expression for stream function ψ.

(c) Obtain an expression for velocity potential φ.
20. The pump-turbine system in Fig. draws water from the upper reservoir in the daytime to produce power for a city. At
night, it pumps water from lower to upper reservoirs to restore the situation. For a design flow rate of 56775 lit/min
either direction, the friction head loss is 17 ft. Estimate the power delivered by the pump and turbine in HP.
21. Consider laminar flow of a fluid over a flat plate. Now the free-stream velocity of the fluid is doubled. Determine the
ratio of the drag force on the plate. Assume the flow to remain laminar.
22. A 2-m-high, 4-m-wide rectangular advertisement panel is attached to a 4-m-wide, 0.15-m-high rectangular concrete
block (density = 2300 kg/m3) by two 5-cm-diameter, 4-m-high (exposed part) poles, as shown in Fig. If the sign is to
withstand 150 km/h winds from any direction, determine (a) the maximum drag force on the panel, (b) the drag force
acting on the poles, and (c) the minimum length L of the concrete block for the panel to resist the winds. Take the density
of air to be 1.30 kg/m3.
CD for plate = 2
CD for poles = 0.3
 23. The structure shown in Fig consists of three cylindrical support posts to which an elliptical flat plate sign is attached.
Estimate the drag on the structure when a 50-mph wind blows against it.
Also find the bending moment at the bottom.
CD for elliptical plate = 2
CD for support post = 0.3 and ρair = 1.225 kg/m3

Ans : Total drag force = 378 lb

This problem can be solved by similar way of solving advertisement board problem by taking elements independently.
BM can be found out by multiplying individual drag force and individual lever arm.

24. A 2 m long, 0.2 m diameter cylindrical pine log (density 513 kg/m3) is suspended by a crane in the horizontal position.
The log is subjected to normal winds of 40 km/h having density 1.103 kg/m 3. Disregarding the weight of thecable and its
drag, determine the angle θ the cable will makewith the horizontal and the tension on the cable.
Coefficient of drag ( CD ) = 1.2
25. A tank has an upper cylindrical portion of 1 m radius and 3 m high with hemispherical base. The tank is provided with an
orifice of 40 mm dia at its bottom. Find the time required to empty if it is initially full of water. Take Cd = 0.62.
26. Find the form of the equation for discharge Q through a sharp-edged triangular notch assuming Q depends on the central
angle α of the notch, head H, gravitational acceleration g and on the density ρ, viscosity μ and surface tension σ of the
fluid.
27. Find the ratio of skin friction drag on the front two-third and rear one-third of a flat plate kept in a uniform stream at zero
incidence. Assume the boundary layer to be turbulent over the entire plate.
Sol:
Problem 21 deals with only total friction coeff case.
This problem is same as problem no 21 above which is a laminar case . This is a case you have to take local as well as
total friction coeff in order to find drag. Also problem concept is quite similar to prob no 28.

28. Water is flowing in parallel fashion over a thin flat plate having length 0.3 m and width 0.1 m with velocity 15 m/s.
Calculate drag force on that portion of the plate over which the boundary layer is laminar. And total drag force on both
sides of a plate.
29. A siphon consisting of a pipe of 15 cm diameter is used to empty kerosene oil (RD = 0.8 ) from tank A. The siphon
discharges to the atmosphere at an elevation of 1 m. The oil surface in the tank is at an elevation of 4 m. The centerline of
a siphon pipe at its highest point C is at an elevation of 5.5 m. Estimate the
(a) the discharge in the pipe , and
(b) the pressure at point C. The losses in the pipe is assumed to be 0.5 m upto the summit and 1.2 m from the summit to
the outlet.
Okay Best of luck for final exam dear students.