Syllabus (1 Lecture=60 min)

Mathematices-1
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF FIRST ORDER AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: Formation of a differential equation – Differential
equations of first order and first degree – Linear equations, Bernoulli’s equation,Exact equations and equations reducible to
exact form - Applications of first order differential equations- Orthogonal trajectories - Newton’s law of cooling - Law of natural
growth and decay.
UNIT – II (11 Lectures)
HIGHER ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: Linear differential equations of second and
higher order with constant coefficients, Non-homogeneous term of the type Q(x) = eax ,sin ax,cosax, xn ,eaxV(x), xn V(x) -
Equations reducible to linear equations with constant coefficients – Cauchy’s homogeneous linear equation – Legendre’s linear
equation - Method of variation of parameters - Applications to L - C - R Circuits and Simple Harmonic Motion.
UNIT – III (13 Lectures)
FUNCTIONS OF SINGLE AND SEVERAL VARIABLES, MULTIPLE INTEGRALS: Mean Value Theorems -
Rolle’s Theorem - Lagrange’s mean value theorem – Cauchy’s mean value theorem - Generalized mean value theorem (all
theorems statements and their verification). Functions of several variables -Functional dependence - Jacobian - Maxima and
Minima of functions of two variables – Lagrange’smethod of undetermined multipliers. Multiple integrals - Double and triple
integrals - Change of order of integration - Change of variables in double integrals.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:
Laplace transforms of elementary functions - First shifting theorem - Change of scale property - Multiplication by t n - Division by
t - Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals - Unit stepfunction - Second shifting theorem - Periodic function - Evaluation
of integrals by Laplace transforms -Inverse Laplace transforms - Method of partial fractions - Other methods of finding inverse
transforms -Convolution theorem - Applications of Laplace transforms to ordinary differential equations.
UNIT-V (10 Lectures)
VECTOR CALCULUS: Scalar and vector point functions - Gradient, divergence, curl and their related properties - Solenoidal and
irrotational vector point functions - Scalar potential function – Laplacian operator - Line integral - work done - surface integrals
- volume integral - Vector integral theorems -Green’s theorem in a plane - Stoke’s theorem - Gauss divergence theorem (all
theorem statements and their verification).

Engineering physics
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: Space lattice, Unit cell, lattice parameters, Atomic radius, coordination number and
packing factor of SC, BCC, FCC, and diamond, Miller indices, Crystal planes and directions, Interplanar spacing of orthogonal
crystal systems.
X-Ray Diffraction: Basic principles of X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, Laue method, Rotating Crystal Method, Powder method,
applications of X- ray diffraction.
UNIT - II (8 Lectures)
PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Waves and particles, De Broglie hypothesis, matter waves, Davisson and Germer
experiment, G. P. Thomson experiment, Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation, Application of Schrodinger equation
(particle in one dimensional potential box).
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, p-n junction diode, Forward and reverse bias, V-I
characteristics, Fermi level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors (qualitative),Applications of Semiconductors (LED).
UNIT - III (8 Lectures)
NANO SCIENCE: Origin of Nano science, Nano scale, surface to volume ratio, Bottom-up and Top-down approaches; Synthesis:
Sol-gel, Chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, pulsed laser vapour deposition methods; Applications of
Nanomaterials.
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES: Electric dipole moment, dielectric constant, Types of polarization (qualitative), Local Field, Clausius –
Mossotti Equation, Piezoelectricity and Ferroelectricity and their applications.
UNIT – IV (8 Lectures)
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES: Magnetic moment, classification of magnetic materials, Weiss theory of ferromagnetism, hysteresis
curve, soft and hard magnetic materials and their applications.
SUPERCONDUCTORS: Meissner effect, BCS Theory, Type-I and Type-II Superconductors, High temperature Superconductors,
applications of superconductors.
UNIT - V (8 Lectures)
LASERS: Characteristics of lasers, spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, population inversion, Einstein’s
coefficients, Pumping mechanisms, Ruby laser, Helium-Neon laser, semiconductor diode laser, applications of lasers.
FIBER OPTICS: Principle of optical fiber, acceptance angle, Numerical aperture, types of optical fibers, attenuation of signal in
optical fibers, Functioning of Optical Fiber communication system, applications of optical fibers.

Mechanics-1
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS: Introduction – Units and Dimensions – Laws of Mechanics – Lame’s theorem -
Parallelogram and triangular Law of forces – Vectors – Vectorial representation of forces and moments - Concepts of force-
components of forces in a plane and in space- various systems of forces and their resultants - moment of force and its
applications – and couples.
UNIT-II (10 Lectures)
STATICS OF RIGID BODY: Free body diagram – Types of supports and their reactions – requirements of stable equilibrium –
Moments and Couples – Moment of a force about a point and about an axis – Vectorial representation of moments and
couples – Scalar components of a moment – Varignon’s theorem – Equilibrium of Rigid bodies in two dimensions.
UNIT – III (8 Lectures)
FRICTION: Types of Friction – Limiting Friction – Laws of Friction – Angle of repose- Equilibrium of body
lying on rough inclined plane – Ladder friction – Wedge friction.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
CENTROID: Introduction - Centroid – Centre of gravity-difference-use of symmetry-determination of
centroid of simple and composite figures from basic principles. Theorems of Pappus – guldinus.
CENTER OF GRAVITY: Centre of gravity from basic principles–Centre of gravity of composite bodies.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
AREA MOMENTS OF INERTIA: Definition-Polar moments of inertia-Radius of gyration- Transfer
theorems- Moment of inertia of regular and composite sections.
MASS MOMENTS OF INERTIA: Moment of inertia of masses- transfers formula and moment of inertia of
standard and composite bodies.

Computer Programming
UNIT – I (15Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS: Computer systems, Computing environments, Computer languages,
Creating and Running Programs, System Development - Algorithm, Pseudo Code, Flow Charting.
INTRODUCTION TO THE C LANGUAGE: Background, C Programs, Identifiers, Types, Variables, Constants,
Formatted and Unformatted Console I/O Functions.
OPERATORS AND EXPRESSIONS: Arithmetic, Relational and Logical Operators, Assignment Operators,
Increment and Decrement Operators, Conditional Operator, Bitwise Operators, Special Operators,
Expressions, Precedence and Associativity, Side Effects, Type Conversion
UNIT – II (14 Lectures)
STATEMENTS: Null, Expression, Return, Compound, Selection, Iteration, Jump Statements.
ARRAYS: Using Arrays in C, Two-Dimensional Arrays, Multidimensional Arrays,
STRINGS: String Concepts, C Strings, String Input/Output Functions, Array of Strings, String Manipulation
Functions.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
FUNCTIONS: User-Defined Functions, Inter-Function Communication, Standard Functions, Storage
Classes, Recursion, Preprocessor Commands.
POINTERS: Introduction, Pointers for Inter-Function Communication, Pointers to Pointers, Arrays and
Pointers, Pointer Arithmetic and Arrays, Passing an Array to a Function, Array of Pointers, Pointers to
Void and to Functions, Memory Allocation Functions, Command-Line Arguments.
UNIT – IV (09 Lectures)
STRUCTURES, UNIONS, ENUMERATIONS AND TYPEDEF: Structure Definition, Initialization, Accessing
Structures, Nested Structures, Arrays of Structures, Structures and Functions, Passing Structures through
Pointers, Self-referential Structures, Unions, Bit-Fields, typedef, Enumerations.
UNIT – V (08 Lectures)
FILE I/O: Streams, Files, File Operations, File Opening Modes, Formatted File I/O Functions, Unformatted
File I/O Functions, File Status Functions, File Positioning Functions.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
Week – 1 (Operators)
1. Write C programs for the following:
a) Swapping of two numbers without using a third variable.
b) Check whether the given number is odd or even using conditional operator.
c) Read two integers and shift the first integer by two bits to the left and second integer by one bit to
the right.
Week – 2 (if and switch statements)
2. Write C programs for the following:
a) Check whether the input alphabet is a vowel or not.
b) Find the roots of a quadratic equation.
c) Which takes two integer operands and one operator from the user, performs the operation and
then prints the result. (Consider the operators +,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement)
Week – 3 (Loops)
3. Write C programs for the following:
a) Print Armstrong numbers between 1 to n where n value is entered by the user. An Armstrong
number is defined as the sum of the cubes of the individual digits of the given number. (e.g. 371 = 33
+ 73 + 13)
b) Generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence.
c) Calculate the following sum:
Sum=1 + x2/2! + X4/4! + ------------------------------------------ up to given ‘n’ terms.
Week – 4 (Loops)
4. Write C programs for the following:
a) Generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n value is supplied by the user.
b) Print first n lines of the Pascal’s Triangle. Pascal’s Triangle is a triangular array of the binomial
coefficients.
1
11
121
1331
c) Print first n lines of Floyd’s Triangle. 1
23
456
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Week – 5 (Arrays)
5. Write C programs for the following:
a) Find the largest and smallest number among a list of integers.
b) Read a list of elements into an array 45, 14, 78, 36, 64, 9, 25, 99, 11 and find weather a particular
element is present in the list or not using linear search.
c) Read two matrices and find the addition and multiplication of two matrices.
36
Week – 6 (Strings)
6. Write C programs for the following:
a) Check whether the given string is palindrome or not with and without using string functions.
b) Insert a sub-string in to given main string from a given position.
c) Count the number of lines, words and characters in a given string.
Week – 7 (Functions)
7. Write C programs that uses both recursive and non-recursive functions:
a) Find the factorial of a given number.
b) Find the Nth Fibonacci number.
c) Find the reverse of a number.
Week – 8 (Pointers)
8. Write C programs for the following:
a) Reverse a string using pointers.
b) Read a list of elements into an array. Find the sum of array elements using pointers.
c) Read an array of integers whose size will be specified interactively at rum time.
Week – 9 (Command line arguments)
9. Write C programs for the following:
a) Pass n number of arguments at the command line and display total number of arguments and their
names.
b) Add two numbers using command line arguments.
Week – 10 (Structure and Union)
10. Write C programs for the following:
a) Read the full name and date of birth of a person and display the same using nested structure.
b) Create a Student structure containing name, roll No and grade as structure members. Display the
name, rollNo and grade of n students by using array of structures concept.
c) Create a union named Item that contains, item Name, itemP rice and item Quantity as members and
find the size of the union and number of bytes reserved for it.
Week – 11 (Enumerated Data Types, Typedef, Bit Fields, Pre-processor Directives)
11. Write C programs for the following:
a) Create enumerated data type for 7 days of a week. Display their values in integer constants.
b) Find the biggest number among two numbers using a parameterized macro.
c) Create a Student structure using typedef containing id, name and age as structure members.
Declare a bit field of width 3 for age and display the student details.
Week – 12 (Files)
12. Write C programs for the following:
a) Copy the contents of one file to another.
b) Merge the contents of two files and store it in a third file.
c) Reverse the contents of a file.
Week – 13 (Additional Programs)
13. Write C programs for the following:
a) Read the student marks in five courses and based on the calculated average display the grade of the
student.
b) Read two strings and compare these two strings character by character. Display the similar
characters found in both the strings.
c) Read name and marks of N students’ records from user and store them in a file.

Engineering drawing
Note: 50 % Manual Practice and 50% CAD Practice UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING: Drawing instruments and accessories, types of line,
lettering, rules of dimensioning, geometrical constructions, Construction of scales – Plain Scale, Diagonal
Scale, Comparative Scale and Vernier Scale.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING: CAD workstation, CAD Software, and CAD
commands.
UNIT - II
CURVES USED IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE: Conic Sections – construction of ellipse, parabola and
hyperbola; Cycloidal curves – cycloid, epicycloid and hypocycloid; involutes.
UNIT - III
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION: Principles of orthographic projections – conventions – first and third
angle projections. Projection of points, projection of lines – lines inclined to single plane, lines inclined to
both the planes, true lengths and traces.
UNIT – IV
PROJECTION OF PLANES: Projection of regular planes – planes inclined to one plane, planes inclined to
both planes, projection of planes by auxiliary plain projection method.
UNIT – V
PROJECTION OF SOLIDS: Projections of regular solids – prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones. Solids
inclined to one plane, Solids inclined to both planes, projection of solid by auxiliary plain projection
method.

Mathematices-2
UNIT – I (11 Lectures)
THEORY OF MATRICES: Real matrices: Symmetric, skew – symmetric and orthogonal matrices - Complex
matrices: Hermitian, Skew - Hermitian and Unitary matrices - Elementary row and column
transformations - Elementary matrix - Finding rank of a matrix by reducing to Echelon form and Normal
form - Finding the inverse of a matrix using elementary row/column transformations (Gauss-Jordan
method) - Consistency of system of linear equations (homogeneous and non- homogeneous) using the
rank of a matrix - Solving m n and n n linear system of equations by Gauss elimination - Cayley-
Hamilton Theorem (Statement and Verification) - Finding inverse and powers of a matrix by Cayley-
Hamilton theorem.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS: Linear dependence and independence of vectors - Linear Transformation,
Orthogonal Transformation - Eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix – Properties of eigen values and
eigen vectors of real and complex matrices - Diagonalization of a matrix. Quadratic forms up to three
variables - Rank, Index, Signature and Nature of quadratic form - Reduction of a quadratic form to
canonical form using linear and orthogonal transformations.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Formation of partial differential equation by elimination of
arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions - Solutions of first order linear (Lagrange) equation and
nonlinear (standard type) equations - Equations reducible to standard forms - Method of separation of
variables for second order equations.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
FOURIER SERIES: Determination of Fourier coefficients - Fourier series in an arbitrary interval - Fourier
series of even and odd functions - Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions.
UNIT – V (13 Lectures)
FOURIER TRANSFORMS & Z - TRANSFORMS: Fourier integral theorem (statement) - Fourier sine and
cosine integrals - Fourier transforms - Fourier sine and cosine transforms - Properties - Inverse
transforms - Finite Fourier transforms.
Z-transforms: Definition - Some standard Z-transforms - Damping rule - Shifting rule - Multiplication by n
- Initial and final value theorems - Inverse Z-transforms using partial fractions - Convolution theorem -
Solution of difference equations by Z - transforms.

Probability and Numerical solutions

PROBABILITY (8 Lectures)
Sample space and events, probability- axioms of probability-some Elementary theorems-conditional
probability-Bayes Theorem.
UNIT-II (8 Lectures)
RANDOM VARIABLES &DISTRIBUTIONS
Random variables. Discrete distribution – continuous distribution. Binomial distribution - Poisson
distribution –Normal distribution-Related properties. Normal Approximation to binomial distribution
UNIT-III (12 Lectures)
ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS, INTERPOLATION:
Bisection method - Regula-falsi method - Iteration method – Newton - Raphson method.
Interpolation: Finite differences: Forward, Backward and Central differences - Other difference
operators and relations between them - Differences of a polynomial – Missing terms - Newton’s forward
interpolation, Newton’s backward interpolation, Interpolation with unequal intervals – Lagrange’s
interpolation.
UNIT-IV (8 Lectures)
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION, INTEGRATION AND CURVE FITTING: Numerical differentiation:
Derivatives using Newton’s interpolation formulae. Numerical integration: Newton-cotes quadrature
formula - Trapezoidal rule - Simpson’s one-third rule - Simpson’s three-eighth rule.
Curve Fitting: Method of least squares - Fitting a straight line, second degree parabola and non-linear
curves of the form by the method of least squares.
UNIT-V (8 Lectures)
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Single step methods: Taylor’s series
method - Euler’s and modified Euler’s Methods - Fourth order Runge-Kutta method for solving first
order equations – Multistep method: Adam’s bash forth Predictor and Corrector method.

Basic Electronics
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
DIODE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS: P-N junction diode, operation in forward and reverse bias
conditions, V-I characteristics, Zener diode and its characteristics, rectifiers - half wave, full wave and
bridge rectifiers (simple problems), Filters(qualitative treatment), voltage regulation using Zener diode.
UNIT - II (12 Lectures)
TRANSISTORS: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - construction, operation, CE, CB and CC transistor
configurations and characteristics.
BJT BIASING: Need for biasing, operating point, load line analysis, biasing and stabilization techniques:
fixed bias, collector to base bias, self-bias.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
BJT AMPLIFIERS: Transistor as an amplifier, BJT h-parameter model, analysis of transistor amplifier using
h- parameter model, CE, CB and CC amplifiers, comparison of CB, CE and CC configurations, Simplified hparameter
model.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Concept of feedback, classification of feedback amplifiers, general
characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, effect of negative feedback on input and output resistances.
OSCILLATORS: Condition for oscillations, RC Phase shift oscillator with transistor, Wein bridge oscillator,
Hartley and Colpitts oscillator.
UNIT – V (12 Lectures)
DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS: Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions,
octal, hexadecimal numbers and complements.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions, axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic
theorems and properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other
logic operations, digital logic gates.

Mechanics -2
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
KINEMATICS: Rectilinear motion- curvilinear motion- velocity and acceleration- types of rigid body
motion- and analysis in a plane.
PROJECTILES: Definitions-Motion of body projected horizontally-projection on inclined plane-inclined
projection on level ground-problems.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
KINETICS: Analysis as a particle- and analysis as a rigid body in translation- kinetics of rotating bodies
about fixed axis - central force motion - Equations of planar motion - D’ Alembert’s principle – Moment
of momentum –applications.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
WORK AND ENERGY: Work done by a Force and a System of Forces - Work done by a Varying force -
Energy - Potential Energy - kinetic Energy of a Particle - Kinetic Energy of a Rigid Body in Rotation and in
Plane motion - Work and Energy Principle - Law of Conservation of Energy.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM: Introduction to momentum – impulse - Principle of Linear Impulse and
Linear Momentum- Conservation of Linear Momentum- Direct central Impact- Coefficient of Restitution-
Angular momentum.
UNIT - V (10 Lectures)
MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS: Definitions- Concepts – Simple Harmonic Motion – Damped and Un-damped
Free vibrations - Simple and Compound pendulums and its applications.

Engineering Drawing-2
UNIT - I
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS: Sections of prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones.
DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES: Development of lateral surface of right regular solids – prisms, cylinders,
pyramids and cones.
UNIT - II
INTERSECTION OF SOLIDS: Intersection of two cylinders, cylinder and prism, cylinder and cone, prism
and prism.
UNIT – III
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS: Principle of isometric projection, isometric scale, isometric projections and
isometric views, Isometric projections of planes, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones.
UNIT - IV
TRANSFORMATION OF PROJECTIONS: Conversion of isometric views to orthographic views and
conversion of orthographic views to isometric views.
UNIT - V
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS: Concept of perspective projection, Terminology in perspective projection,
methods of perspective projection – Vanishing Point method, Visual Ray method.

Mechanics of solids
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS: Elasticity and plasticity, Types of stresses and strains, Hooke’s law,
stress strain diagram for mild steel, Working stress, Factor of safety, Lateral strain, Poisson’s ratio and
volumetric strain, Elastic module and the relationship between them, Bars of varying section, composite
bars, Temperature stresses. Strain energy, Resilience - Gradual, Sudden, Impact and Shock loadings.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT: Definition of beam, Types of beams, Concept of shear force
and bending moment, Relation between Shear Force and Bending Moment, and rate of loading at a
section of a beam. Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams for cantilever simply supported and
overhanging beams subjected to point loads, U.D.L., uniformly varying loads and combination of these
loads.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
FLEXURAL STRESSES: Theory of simple bending, Assumptions, Derivation of bending equation, Neutral
axis, Determination bending stresses, section modulus of rectangular and circular sections (Solid and
Hollow), I, T, Angle and Channel sections, Design of simple beam sections.
SHEAR STRESSES: Derivation of formula, Shear stress distribution across various beams sections like
rectangular, circular, I, T, angle and channel sections.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS: Bending into a circular arc slope, deflection and radius of curvature,
Differential equation for the elastic line of a beam, Double integration and Macaulay’s methods,
Determination of slope and deflection for cantilever and simply supported beams subjected to point loads.

UNIT – V (10 Lectures)

THIN AND THICK CYLINDERS: Thin seamless cylindrical shells, Derivation of formula for longitudinal and
circumferential stresses hoop, longitudinal and volumetric strains, changes in diameter, and volume of
thin cylinders, Riveted boiler shells, Thin spherical shells. A thick cylinder lame’s equation, cylinders
subjected to inside and outside pressures, compound cylinders.

Mechanics of fluids
UNIT - I (10 Lectures)
FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS: Density, Mass density, Specific weight, Specific volume, Specific
gravity, viscosity, Vapour pressure, compressibility, Surface tension, Pascal’s law, Hydro static law,
Piezometer, Simple and differential manometers, pressure gauges.
UNIT - II (10 Lectures)
FLUID KINEMATICS: Types of flows, steady, unsteady, uniform, non-uniform, laminar, turbulent,
rotational, irrotational flows, Compressible and Incompressible flows. One, two and three dimensional
flows, Continuity equation in 3D flow, Stream line, path line, streak line, stream tube, stream function,
velocity potential function, Free and Forced Vortex.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
FLUID DYNAMICS: Surface and Body forces, Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equation derivation, Momentum
equation and applications.
FLOW MEASUREMENT: Flow through Venturimeter, Orifice meter and Pitot tube, flow through nozzles,
Darcy’s equation, Major and Minor losses, pipes in series, pipes in parallel, total energy line and
hydraulic gradient line.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
BOUNDARY LAYER CONCEPTS: Definition, Displacement thickness, Momentum thickness and Energy
Thickness, Boundary layer characteristics along thin plate, laminar and turbulent layers, boundary layer
in transition flow, separation of boundary layer, drag and lift on submerged bodies.
UNIT - V (10 Lectures)
FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUID: Introduction, Thermodynamic relations, basic equations of
compressible flow, Velocity of sound wave in a fluid for isothermal and adiabatic process, Mach number
and its applications, Mach angle, propagation of pressure waves and stagnation properties.

Thermodynamics
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
BASIC CONCEPTS: Macroscopic and microscopic approaches, thermodynamic systems, boundary,
surroundings, thermodynamic property, intensive and extensive properties, concept of continuum,
thermodynamic equilibrium, state, path, process and cycle, quasi static, reversible and irreversible
processes, Energy and its forms, concepts of heat and work, equality of temperature and Zeroth Law of
thermodynamics, thermodynamic temperature scales.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: First law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, PMM-I,
Steady flow energy equation, Application of First law to non-flow and steady flow processes, Throttling
and free expansion processes, Limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements, heat engine, heat pump,
refrigerator, PMM-II, Carnot cycle, Carnot heat engine, Carnot theorem and its corollaries, Entropy,
Clausius inequality, principle of entropy increase. Availability, unavailable energy, Helmholtz function,
Gibbs function and Maxwell’s relations.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
PURE SUBSTANCE: Properties of pure substance, phase transformation, saturated and superheated
steam, solid-liquid-vapour equilibrium, Formation of steam, dryness fraction, properties of dry, wet and
superheated steam, Mollier diagram and steam calorimetry.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
POWER CYCLES: Air standard cycles - Otto, Diesel and Dual combustion cycles, description and
representation on PV and TS diagrams, Thermal efficiency, mean effective pressures on air standard
basis, comparison of cycles. Introduction to Rankine and Bell-Coleman Cycles.

Metallurgy and Material science

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Historical perspective, scope of materials science and engineering. Atomic structure
and inter atomic bonding and metallurgical tools
STRUCTURE OF METALS: Lattices, basic idea of symmetry. Bravais lattices, unit cells, crystal structures,
crystal planes and directions, co-ordination number. Imperfections in solids: point defects, line defects,
surface defects. Grain and grain boundaries, effect of grain boundaries on the properties of metal /
alloys, determination of grain size.
CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS: Necessity of alloying, types of solid solutions, Hume Rotherys rules,
intermediate alloy phases, and electron compounds; Working and annealing of metal and its alloys.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
EQUILIBRIUM OF DIAGRAMS: Experimental methods of construction of equilibrium diagrams,
Isomorphous alloy systems, equilibrium cooling and heating of alloys, Lever rule, coring miscibility gaps,
eutectic systems, congruent melting intermediate phases, peritectic reaction. Transformations in the
solid state allotropy, eutectoid, peritectoid reactions, phase rule, relationship between equilibrium
diagrams and properties of alloys. Study of Fe-Fe3C, equilibrium phase diagram.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
CAST IRONS AND STEELS: Structure and properties of White Cast iron, Malleable Cast iron, grey cast
iron, Spheriodal graphite cast iron, Alloy cast irons. Classification of steels, structure and properties of
plain carbon steels, Low alloy steels, Hadfield manganese steels, tool and die steels.
HEAT TREATMENT OF ALLOYS: Effect of alloying elements on Fe-Fe3C system, Annealing, normalizing,
Hardening, TTT diagrams, tempering, Hardenability, surface hardening methods, Age hardening
treatment, Cryogenic treatment of alloys.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS: Structure and properties of copper and its alloys, Aluminium and
its alloys, Titanium and its alloys.
ADVANCED AND SPECIAL PURPOSE ALLOYS: High temperature alloys, special steels and alloys for Aerospace,
Missile and Strategic applications.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
CERAMIC MATERIALS: Crystalline ceramics, glasses, cermets, abrasive materials, nanomaterials -
definition, properties and applications of the above.
COMPOSITE MATERIALS: Classification of composites, methods of manufacturing of composites,
particle - reinforced materials, fiber reinforced materials, metal ceramic mixtures, metal matrix
composites and C – C composites.

Electrical Technology
UNIT - I (Lectures 10)
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS: Concept of Circuit, R-L-C parameters, voltage and current
sources, source transformation, voltage -current relationship for passive elements, Kirchhoff’s laws,
network reduction techniques, series, parallel and compound circuits, mesh analysis and Nodal analysis ,
star-to-delta or delta-to-star transformation and introduction to AC fundamentals
UNIT-II (Lectures 8)
NETWORK THEOREMS: Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition, Reciprocity, Maximum Power Transfer,
Tellegen’s and Millman’s theorems for DC excitations
UNIT – III (Lectures 10)
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS: Magnetic circuits: faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, concept of self and
mutual inductance
D.C GENERATORS: Principle of operation of DC Machines, EMF equation, types of generators,
magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators.
D.C. MOTORS: Types of DC motors, characteristics of DC motors, losses and efficiency, Swinburne’s test,
speed control of DC shunt motor, flux and armature voltage control methods.
UNIT – IV (Lectures 10)
TRANSFORMERS: Principle of operation of single phase transformer, types, constructional features,
phasor diagram on no load and load, equivalent circuit, losses and efficiency of transformer and
regulation, OC and SC tests, predetermination of efficiency and regulation.
UNIT - V (Lectures 10)
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS: Principle of operation of three phase induction motors, slip ring
and squirrel cage motors, slip-torque characteristics, efficiency calculation, starting methods

PART - A: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

1. Verifications of KVL and KCL for series and parallel networks
2. Determination of PN junction diode characteristics (forward and reverse bias)
3. Realization of full wave and half wave rectifier characteristics
4. Verification of Thevenins and Norton’s theorems.
5. Verification of Maximum Power Transfer theorem.
6. Verification of Super Position and Reciprocity theorems.
PART - B: ELECTRICAL MACHINES
1. Open circuit characteristics of DC Shunt Generator
2. Brake test on DC Shunt motor and draw the characteristics.
3. Predetermination of efficiency of given DC Shunt machine.
4. Speed control of DC shunt Motor.
5. Open circuit and Short Circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer.
6. Brake test on three phase induction motors.

Thermal Engineering-1
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
I.C. ENGINES: Classification, Working principles, Valve and Port Timing Diagrams. Actual Cycles and Their
Analysis: Introduction, Comparison of Air Standard and Actual Cycles, Time Loss Factor, Heat Loss
Factor, Exhaust Blow down Loss due to Gas exchange process, Volumetric Efficiency. Loss due to
Rubbing Friction.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
COMBUSTION IN S.I. ENGINES: Normal Combustion and abnormal combustion, Importance of flame
speed and effect of engine variables, Type of Abnormal combustion, pre-ignition and knocking
(explanation of) Fuel requirements and fuel rating, anti knock additives, combustion chamber –
requirements, types. Combustion in C.I. Engines: Four stages of combustion, Delay period and its
importance, Effect of engine variables, Diesel Knock, Need for air movement, open and divided
combustion chambers and nozzles used - fuel requirements and fuel rating.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
TESTING AND PERFORMANCE OF IC ENGINES: Parameters of performance, measurement of cylinder
pressure, fuel consumption, air intake, exhaust gas composition, Brake power, Determination of
frictional losses and indicated power, Performance test, Heat balance sheet.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS: Classification of compressors, Principle of operation of reciprocating
compressors, work required, Isothermal efficiency volumetric efficiency and effect of clearance, multistage
compression, under cooling, saving of work, minimum work condition for multi-stage compression.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS: Mechanical details, principle of operation, velocity and pressure
variation, impeller blade shape-losses, slip factor, power input factor, pressure coefficient and adiabatic
coefficient, velocity diagrams, power required.
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS: Mechanical details, principle of operation, velocity triangles, energy
transfer per stage, degree of reaction, work done factor, isentropic efficiency, pressure rise calculations,
polytropic efficiency.

Production Technology-1
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
CASTING: Introduction, Steps involved in making a casting, Advantages of casting and its applications;
Pattern and Pattern making - Types of patterns, Materials used for patterns, pattern allowances,
Principles of Gating system, Gating ratio and design of Gating system; Solidification of casting -
Solidification of pure metal and alloys, short and long freezing range alloys; Risers - Types, function and
design; Special casting processes - Centrifugal, Die and Investment casting; Methods of melting -
Crucible melting and cupola operation, steel making processes.
UNIT - II (10 Lectures)
WELDING: Classification of welding processes, types of welds and welded joints and their
characteristics, design of welded joints, Gas welding, ARC welding, Forge welding, resistance welding,
Thermit welding and Plasma (Air and water) welding.
UNIT - III (10 Lectures)
INERT GAS WELDING: TIG and MIG welding, Friction welding, Induction welding, Explosive welding,
Laser welding, Soldering and Brazing. Heat affected zones in welding, welding defects, causes and
remedies, destructive and nondestructive testing of welds.
CUTTING OF METALS: Oxy Acetylene Gas cutting, water plasma, cutting of ferrous and non-ferrous
metals.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
HOT WORKING AND COLD WORKING: Strain hardening, recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth,
Comparison of properties of cold and hot worked parts.
ROLLING: Fundamentals, theory of rolling, types of Rolling mills, Forces in rolling and power
requirements. Stamping, forming and other cold working processes: Blanking and piercing, Bending and
forming, Drawing and its types, wire drawing and Tube drawing, coining, spinning, Forces and power
requirement in the above operations.
FORGING: Principles of forging, Tools and dies, Types of Forging, Smith forging, Drop Forging, Roll
forging, Rotary forging, forging defects.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
EXTRUSION OF METALS: Basic extrusion process and its characteristics, Hot extrusion and cold
extrusion, Forward extrusion and backward extrusion, Impact extrusion, Hydrostatic extrusion.
PROCESSING OF PLASTICS: Types of Plastics, Properties, applications and their Processing methods and
Equipment (blow and injection modeling).

Hydraulic Machines
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
IMPACT OF WATER JETS: Introduction, Impulse Momentum Principle and its applications,
Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat plate, Inclined and Symmetrical Curved vanes,
Series of flat and symmetrical vanes on wheel when Jet striking centrally. Force of jet on unsymmetrical
stationary and moving vane when jet strikes tangentially at the tip, velocity triangles, Expressions for
work done and efficiency, Angular momentum principle, force of jet on radial vanes.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
HYDRAULIC TURBINES: Introduction, Classification of hydraulic turbines, Pelton Wheel, Francis, Kaplan
and propeller turbines, Work done and efficiency, Draft tube theory and types.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
PERFORMANCE OF TURBINES: Unit quantities, Unit head, Unit discharge and Unit power, Performance
under specific conditions, Specific Speed and its expression, Performance characteristic curves, Model
testing of turbines, Cavitation and its effects, Governing of turbines.
RECIPROCATING PUMPS: Main components and working of a reciprocating pump, Types of
reciprocating pumps, Power required, Coefficient of discharge and slip, Indicator diagram, Effect of
acceleration head in suction and delivery pipes, Effect of friction, Work saved by air vessels, Rate of flow
into and from air vessel.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: Types, major parts and working; Work done by the impeller, Manometric head,
Losses and Efficiencies, Effect of vane angle on manometric efficiency, Minimum starting speed,
diameters of impeller and pipes, Specific speed, Model testing of pumps, Pumps in series and parallel,
performance of pumps characteristics curves, NPSH, Cavitation, Priming devices, Pump troubles and
remedies.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS: Introduction, Working of Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic Intensifier, Hydraulic
ram, Hydraulic press, Hydraulic lift, Hydraulic crane, hydraulic couplings and torque converters, Air lift
pump, Gear and Vane pumps, Hydraulic valves.

Kinematics of Machinery
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
MECHANISMS: Elements or Links, Classification, Rigid Link, flexible and fluid link, Types of kinematic
pairs, sliding, turning, rolling, screw and spherical pairs, lower and higher pairs, closed and open pairs,
constrained motion completely, partially or successfully constrained and incompletely constrained.
MACHINES: Mechanism and machine, kinematic chain, inversion of mechanism, inversions of four bar
chain, Beam Engine, Coupling rod of a locomotive, Watt’s indicator mechanism inversions of single slider
crank chain - Pendulum pump, Oscillating cylinder engine, Rotary I.C. Engine, Crank and slotted lever
quick return motion mechanism, Whit worth quick return motion mechanism and inversions of double
slider crank chain- Elliptical trammel, Scotch yoke mechanism, Oldham’s coupling.
UNIT–II (12 Lectures)
STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS: Straight line motion - Exact and approximate straight line
mechanisms and its types, Peaucellier, Hart and Scott Russul, Grasshopper, Watts, Tchebicheff and
Robert Mechanisms and Pantograph.
KINEMATICS: Velocity and acceleration, Motion of link in machine, Determination of Velocity and
acceleration diagrams, Graphical method, Application of relative velocity method four bar chain.
PLANE MOTION OF BODY: Instantaneous center of rotation, centroids and axodes, relative motion
between two bodies, three centre’s in line theorem, Graphical determination of instantaneous centre,
diagrams for simple mechanisms and determination of angular velocity of points and links.
UNIT–II (12 Lectures)
ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS: Analysis of slider crank chain for displacement, velocity and acceleration of
slider, Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism, Klein’s construction, Coriolis acceleration.
STEERING MECHANISMS: Conditions for correct steering, Davis Steering gear, Ackerman’s steering gear,
velocity ratio.
HOOKE’S JOINT: Single and double Hooke’s joint, Universal coupling, application, problems.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS: Analysis of slider crank chain for displacement, velocity and acceleration of
slider, Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism, Klein’s construction, Coriolis acceleration.
STEERING MECHANISMS: Conditions for correct steering, Davis Steering gear, Ackerman’s steering gear,
velocity ratio.
HOOKE’S JOINT: Single and double Hooke’s joint, Universal coupling, application, problems.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
CAMS: Definitions of cam and followers, their uses, Types of followers and cams, Terminology, Types of
follower motion, Uniform velocity, Simple harmonic motion and uniform acceleration and retardation-
Dispacement, Velocity and acceleration diagrams. Construction of Cam profiles- Cam with knife edge
follower, roller follower and flat faced follower. Maximum velocity and maximum acceleration during
outward and return strokes in the above 3 cases.
BELT ROPE AND CHAIN DRIVES: Introduction, Belt and rope drives, selection of belt drive- types of belt
94
drives-belts, materials used for belt and rope drives, velocity ratio of belt drives, slip of belt, creep of
belt, tensions for flat belt drive, angle of contact, centrifugal tension, maximum tension of belt, Chainslength,
angular speed ratio, classification of chains.
UNIT– V (10 Lectures)
HIGHER PAIRS: friction wheels and toothed gears, types, law of gearing, condition for constant velocity
ratio for transmission of motion, Form of teeth: cycloidal and involute profiles. Velocity of sliding,
phenomena of interferences, Methods of interference. Introduction to Helical, Bevel and worm gearing.
GEAR TRAINS: Introduction, Train value, Types, Simple and reverted wheel train, Epicyclic gear Train.
Methods of finding train value or velocity ratio, Epicyclic gear trains.

Dynamics of Machinery
UNIT – I (10 Lecture)
PRECESSION: Gyroscopes, effect of precession motion on the stability of moving vehicles such as motor
car, motor cycle, aeroplanes and ships.
FRICTION: Introduction, types of friction, limiting angle and angle of response, mechanism of dry
friction, inclined planes, screw friction, friction circle, uniform pressure and wear theory, pivot and collar
bearings.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
CLUTCHES: Friction clutches: Single Disc clutch, Multiple Disc Clutch, Cone Clutch and Centrifugal Clutch.
BRAKES AND DYNAMOMETERS: Simple block brakes, band brakes, band and black breaks, internal
expanding brakes. Dynamometers: absorption and transmission types.
UNIT – III (12Lectures)
TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAM AND FLY WHEELS: Turning moment-Inertia Torque - crank effort and
torque diagrams, Fluctuation of energy, Fly wheels and its applications.
GOVERNERS: Watt, Porter and Proell Governors. Spring loaded governors – Hartnell and Hartung
governors. Sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
BALANCING OF ROTATING MASSES: Single and multiple masses in single and different planes, Analytical
and graphical methods.
BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASSES: Primary and Secondary balancing of reciprocating masses.
Locomotive balancing - Hammer blow, Swaying couple, variation of tractive efforts.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
VIBRATION: Types of vibration-free and forced vibrations, undamped and damped vibrations,
longitudinal, transverse and torsional vibrations. Single degree of freedom system, Dunkerlay’s
methods, Raleigh’s method, whirling and critical speed of shafts.

Production Technology-2
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
THEORY OF METAL CUTTING: Introduction: Basic elements of machining, sources of heat in metal
cutting, basic definitions: cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, orthogonal and oblique cutting,
classification of cutting tools, principal angles of single and multi-point tools, tool signature, tool
geometry in coordinate system ASA and Orthogonal rake system, types of chips, chip thickness ratio,
and chip breakers.
MECHANICS OF METAL CUTTING: Velocity relationships, force relationship in orthogonal cutting,
Merchant's circle diagram, forces on a single point tools in turning, stress and strain in the chip, work
done in cutting, popular metal cutting theories, tool life and wear, coolants, Machinability – Tool
materials.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
LATHE: Principle of working, specification of lathe – types of lathe – work holders, tool holders – Box
tool, Taper turning and thread turning – for Lathes and attachments. Turret and capstan lathes – collet
chucks – other work holders – tool holding devices. Principal features of automatic lathes – classification
– Single spindle and multi-spindle automatic lathes.
UNIT- III (10 Lectures)
SHAPING, SLOTTING AND PLANNING MACHINES: Principles of working – Principal parts – specification
classification, operations performed. Kinematic scheme of the shaping, slotting and planning machines,
machining time calculations.
Milling machine – Principles of working – specifications – classifications of milling machines – Principal
features of horizontal, vertical and universal milling machines – types of machining operations,
geometry of milling cutters – Types of milling cutters – methods of indexing – Accessories to milling
machines.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
DRILLING AND BORING MACHINES: Principles of working, specifications, types of drilling operations
performed – tool holding devices – twist drill- Deep hole drilling machine – Boring machines – Fine
boring machines – Jig Boring machine.
Grinding machine – Fundamentals – Theory of grinding – classification of grinding machine – cylindrical
and surface grinding machine – Tool and cutter grinding machine – special types of grinding machines –
Different types of abrasives – bonds specification of a grinding wheel and selection of a grinding wheel
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
MACHINING PROCESS AND SURFACE FINISHING: Lapping, honing and broaching machines: comparison
to grinding – lapping and honing Principles of design of Jigs and fixtures and uses.
JIGS and FIXURES: Classification of Jigs & Fixtures – Principles of location and clamping – Types of
clamping & work holding devices. Typical examples of jigs and fixtures.

Thermal Engineering-2
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
STEAM POWER CYCLE: Rankine cycle - Schematic layout, Comparison between Rankine Cycle and
Carnot cycle. Thermodynamic Analysis, Concept of Mean Temperature of Heat addition, Methods to
improve cycle performance, Regeneration and reheating.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
BOILERS: Classification, Working principles with sketches including H.P. Boilers, Mountings and
Accessories, Working principles, efficiency and heat balance , Draught, classification, artificial draught,
induced and forced draught.
STEAM CONDENSERS: Requirements of steam condensing plant, Classification of condensers, working
principle, vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency, air leakage, sources and its affects, air pump,
cooling water requirement.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
STEAM NOZZLES: Function of nozzle, applications, types, Flow through nozzles, velocity of nozzle at exit-
Ideal and actual expansion in nozzle, velocity coefficient, and condition for maximum discharge, criteria
to decide nozzle shape.
STEAM TURBINES: Classification, Impulse turbine; Mechanical details, Velocity diagram, effect of
friction, power developed, axial thrust, blade or diagram efficiency , condition for maximum efficiency.
De-Laval Turbine - its features. Methods to reduce rotor speed-Velocity compounding and pressure
compounding, Velocity and Pressure variation along the flow, combined velocity diagram for a velocity
compounded impulse turbine.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
REACTION TURBINE: Mechanical details, principle of operation, thermodynamic analysis of a stage,
degree of reaction, velocity diagram, Parson’s reaction turbine, condition for maximum efficiency.

GAS TURBINES: Simple gas turbine plant, Ideal cycle, essential components, parameters of performance,
actual cycle , regeneration, inter cooling and reheating, optimum pressure ratio.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
JET PROPULSION: Principle of Operation ,Classification of jet propulsive engines , Working Principles
with schematic diagrams and representation on T-S diagram , Thrust, Thrust Power and Propulsion
Efficiency, Turbo jet engines Schematic Diagram, Thermodynamic Cycle, Performance Evaluation.
ROCKETS: Application, Working Principle, Classification, Propellant Type, Solid and Liquid propellant
Rocket Engines.

Design of Machine Members

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: General considerations in the design of Engineering Materials and their properties -
selection- Manufacturing consideration in design- BIS codes of steels
STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS: Simple stresses- Combined stresses-Torsional and bending stressesimpact
stresses- stress strain relation- various theories of failure- factor of safety- Design for strength
and rigidity- preferred numbers. The concept of stiffness in tension- bending- torsion and combined
situations.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
STRESS CONCENTRATION: Definition- Reason for occurrence- Methods to reduce- Stress concentration
factor. Design of stress concentrated members subjected to various loads.
DESIGN FOR VARIABLE LOADING: Types of variable/Cyclic loads Mean & amplitude Stresses- Fatigue
Failure- Endurance Limit & Strength- S-N Diagram. Goodman and Soderberg criterion- Modifying factors-
Problems on design of members for finite & infinite life in members subjected to individual & combined
loading.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
RIVETED JOINTS: Introduction –types-Modes of failures of riveted joints-efficiency- eccentric loading.
WELDED JOINTS: Introduction-types-strength –un symmetrical section subjected to axial load.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
BOLTED JOINTS: Design of bolts with pre-stresses, Design of joints under eccentric loading, locking
devices, bolt of uniform strength.
KEYS- Introduction-types-stresses and strength of key
COTTERS AND KNUCKLE JOINTS: Introduction-types-spigot-socket & sleeve cotter joints- design of
Knuckle joint.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
SHAFTS: Design of solid and hollow shafts for strength and rigidity- Design of shafts for combined
bending and axial loads-Shaft sizes - BIS codes.
SHAFT COUPLING: Rigid couplings: Muff- Split muff and Flange couplings-Flexible coupling-Bushed pin
Flexible coupling.

Instrumentation and Control Systems

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Definition, Basic principles of measurement, Measurement systems, generalized
configuration and functional descriptions of measuring instruments, examples. Dynamic performance
characteristics, sources of error, classification and elimination of error.
MEASUREMENT OF DISPLACEMENT: Theory and construction of various transducers to measure
displacement, Piezo electric, Inductive, capacitance, resistance, ionization and Photo electric
transducers, Calibration procedures.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE: Units, classification, basic principle used. Manometers, Bourdon tube
pressure gauges, Bellows, Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure measurement, Thermal conductivity gauges,
ionization pressure gauges, McLeod pressure gauge.
MEASUREMENT OF LEVEL: Direct method, Indirect methods, capacitive, ultrasonic, magnetic, Bubler
level indicators.
FLOW MEASUREMENT: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hotwire anemometer,
Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
MEASUREMENT OF SPEED: Mechanical Tachometers, Electrical tachometers, Stroboscope, Non-contact
type of tachometer.
MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION AND VIBRATION: Different simple instruments, Principles of Seismic
instruments, Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle.

UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)

STRESS STRAIN MEASUREMENTS: Introduction to stream and strain stress and strain, electrical strain
gauge , gauge factor , method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile
strains , usage for measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes.
MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE: Classification, Various Principles of measurement, Expansion,
Electrical Resistance, Thermistor, Thermocouple, Pyrometers.
MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY: Moisture content of gases, sling psychrometer, Absorption
psychrometer, Dew point meter.
UNIT – V (12 Lectures)
ELEMENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS: Introduction, Importance, Classification, Open loop and closed loop
systems Servomechanisms, Examples with block diagrams, Temperature, speed & position control
systems feedback control and its effects transfer function, block diagram and signal flow graph.

Design of Machine Members-2

UNIT – I
BEARINGS: (10 Lectures)
Sliding Contact Bearing: Types of Journal bearings, basic modes of Lubrication, Bearing construction,
bearing design, bearing materials, Selection of lubricants.
Rolling Contact Bearings: Types of rolling contact bearings ,selection of bearing types , selection of
bearing life ,Design for cyclic loads and speeds , Static and dynamic loading of ball and roller bearings.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
DESIGN OF IC ENGINE PARTS: Design and proportions of: Cylinder-Cylinder Liners- Pistons- forces acting
on piston - thrust in connecting rod- stress due to whipping action on connecting rod ends-Cranks and
Crank shafts- strength and proportions of over hung cranks.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
SPUR GEAR DRIVES: Spur gears, Load concentration factor, and Dynamic load factor. Surface
compressive strength, Bending strength, Design analysis of spur gears, Estimation of centre distance,
module and face width, check for plastic deformation, Check for dynamic and wear considerations.
HELICAL GEAR DRIVES: Helical gears, Load concentration factor, and Dynamic load factor. Surface
compressive strength, Bending strength, Design analysis of helical gears, Estimation of centre distance,
module and face width, check for plastic deformation. Check for dynamic and wear considerations.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
DESIGN OF BEVEL GEAR: Bevel gears, classification of Bevel Gears, Terms used in Bevel Gears,
Determination of pitch angle for Bevel Gears, Proportions for Bevel Gears, Formative or Equivalent
number of teeth for Bevel Gears, Forces acting on a Bevel Gear, Strength of Bevel Gears.
DESIGN OF WORM GEARS: Worm gears, properties of worm gears , Selection of materials , strength and
wear rating of worm gears , Force analysis , Friction in worm gears , Thermal considerations
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
DESIGN OF POWER SCREWS: Design of screw- Square- ACME- Buttress screws- design of nut- compound
screw- differential screw- ball screw- possible failures.
MECHANICAL SPRINGS: Stresses and deflections of helical springs-Extension-compression springs-
Springs for fatigue loading- natural frequency of helical springs - Energy storage capacity -helical torsion
springs .

Heat Transfer
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Modes and mechanisms of heat transfer, Basic laws of heat transfer –Applications of
heat transfer.
CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER: General heat conduction equation in Cartesian, Cylindrical and
Spherical coordinates. Different forms of general equation – Steady state and Transient heat transfer –
Initial and boundary conditions. One dimensional steady state heat conduction through Homogeneous
slabs, hollow cylinders and spheres, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Electrical analogy, Critical radius of
insulation.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
ONE DIMENSIONAL, STEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION: Systems with variable thermal conductivity.
Heat Transfer from Extended surfaces- Types of fins, Heat flow through rectangular and circular fins,
Long, Short and insulated tips, fins losing heat at the tip, efficiency and effectiveness of fins.
ONE DIMENSIONAL, TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION: Systems with negligible internal resistance,
Significance of Biot and Fourier Numbers, Chart solutions of transient conduction systems

UNIT – III (12 Lectures)

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER: Concepts of Continuity, Momentum and Energy Equations. Dimensional
analysis-Buckingham’s Pi Theorem - Application for developing non-dimensional correlation for
convective heat transfer.
FORCED CONVECTION: External Flows – Concepts of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer and use
of empirical correlations for Flat plates and Cylinders. Internal Flows – Concepts about Hydrodynamic
and Thermal Entry Lengths, use of empirical correlations for Horizontal Pipe Flow and annulus flow.
FREE CONVECTION: Development of Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer along a vertical plate –
Use of empirical relations for Vertical plates and pipes.
UNIT IV (10 Lectures)
BOILING AND CONDENSATION: Regimes of Pool boiling and Flow boiling, Critical heat flux, Calculations
on Nucleate Boiling. Film wise and drop wise condensation – Nusselt’s theory of condensation on a
vertical plate - Film condensation on vertical and horizontal cylinders using empirical correlations.
HEAT EXCHANGERS: Classification of heat exchangers – overall heat transfer Coefficient and fouling
factor - Concepts of LMTD and NTU methods - Problems using LMTD and NTU methods.
UNIT V (10 Lectures)
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER: Emission characteristics – Laws of black-body radiation – Irradiation –
Total and monochromatic quantities – Laws of Planck, Wien, Kirchoff, Lambert, Stefan and Boltzmann –
Heat exchange between two black bodies – concepts of shape factor – Emissivity – heat exchange
between grey bodies – radiation shields – electrical analogy for radiation networks.

Metrology and Surface Engineering

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
SYSTEMS OF LIMITS AND FITS: Introduction, normal size, tolerance limits, deviations, allowance, fits and
their types, unilateral and bilateral tolerance system, hole and shaft basis systems , interchangeability
and selective assembly. Indian standard Institution system, British standard system.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
LINEAR MEASUREMENT: Length standard, line and end standard, slip gauges, calibration of the slip
gauges, Dial indicator, micrometers.
MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES AND TAPERS: Different methods, Bevel protractor, angle slip gauges, spirit
levels, sine bar, Sine plate, rollers and spheres used to determine the tapers.
LIMIT GAUGES: Taylor’s principle, plug, ring, snap, gap, taper, profile and position gauges. Design of go
and No go gauges
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: Tool maker’s microscope and its uses, collimators, optical
projector, optical flats and their uses, interferometer.
FLAT SURFACE MEASUREMENT: Measurement of flat surfaces, instruments used straight edges, surface
plates, optical flat and auto collimator.
SCREW THREAD MEASUREMENT: Elements of measurement, errors in screw threads, measurement of
effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile thread gauges.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT: Differences between surface roughness and surface waviness-
Numerical assessment of surface finish, CLA, Ra, R.M.S Values, Rz values, Methods of measurement of
surface finish, profilograph. Talysurf, ISI symbols for indication of surface finish.
MEASUREMENT THROUGH COMPARATORS: Comparators, Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic
Comparators, pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production.
MACHINE TOOL ALIGNMENT TESTS: Requirements of Machine Tool Alignment Tests, Alignment tests on
lathe, milling, drilling machine tools. Preparation of acceptance charts.
UNIT – V (12 Lectures)
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES: Types of CMM, Role of CMM, and Applications of CMM.
SURFACE ENGINEERING: Surface texture and properties, Surface cleaning techniques, Surface integrity,
Wear and its measurements, Lubricants and its selection for reducing wear, Principle of corrosion and
remedial measurements, Laser applications for surface modifications.
MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT: Surface treatment processes and their characteristics and
applications. (a)Overlay coatings (b) Diffusion coatings (c) Thermal or mechanical modification of
Surfaces
Automobile Engineering
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION : Components of four wheeler automobile , chassis and body , rear wheel drive, front
wheel drive, 4- wheel drive , types of automobile engines, engine construction, turbo charging and super
charging, engine lubrication, splash and pressure lubrication systems, oil filters, oil pumps , crank case
ventilation , engine service, reboring, decarburization, Nitriding of crank shaft.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
FUEL SYSTEM: S.I. ENGINE: Fuel supply systems, Mechanical and electrical fuel pump, Electronic Fuel
Injection pump filters, carburettor, types, air filters, petrol injection, Multipoint fuel injection for SI
Engines.
C.I. ENGINES: Requirements of diesel injection systems, types of injection systems, fuel pump, nozzle,
spray formation, injection timing, testing of fuel pumps. Multipoint fuel injection for CI Engines.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
COOLING SYSTEM : Cooling Requirements, Air Cooling, Liquid Cooling, Thermo, water and Forced
Circulation System, Radiators , Types , Cooling Fan - water pump, thermostat, evaporating cooling ,
pressure sealed cooling , antifreeze solutions.
IGNITION SYSTEM: Function of an ignition system, battery ignition system, constructional features of
storage, battery, auto transformer, contact breaker points, condenser and spark plug, Magneto coil
ignition system, electronic ignition system using contact breaker, electronic ignition using contact
triggers, spark advance and retard mechanism.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: POWER UNIT & TRANSMISSION, MECHANICAL CLUCTHES, magnetic and
centrifugal clutches, fluid fly wheel, gear boxes, types, sliding mesh, construct mesh, synchro mesh gear
boxes, epicyclic gear box, over drive torque converter. Propeller shaft, Hotch, Kiss drive, Torque tube
drive, universal joint, differential rear axles, types.
BRAKING SYSTEM: Mechanical brake system, Hydraulic brake system, Master cylinder, wheel cylinder
tandem master cylinder Requirement of brake fluid, Pneumatic and vacuum brakes
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
STEERING SYSTEM: Steering geometry, camber, castor, king pin rake, combined angle toein, center
point steering. Types of steering mechanism, Ackerman steering mechanism, Davis steering mechanism,
power steering system.
SUSPENSION SYSTEM: Objects of suspension systems, rigid axle suspension system, torsion bar, shock
absorber, Independent suspension system.

Digital Electronics
UNIT-I (11 Lectures)
DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS: Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions,
octal and hexadecimal numbers, complements, signed binary numbers, binary codes.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions, axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic
theorems and properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other
logic operations, digital logic gates.
UNIT-II (9 Lectures)
GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION: The k-map method, four-variable map, five-Variable map, Sum of Products
and Product of Sums simplification, don't-care conditions, NAND and NOR implementation, AND-ORINVERT,
OR-AND-INVERT implementations, exclusive – OR function, The tabulation (Quine Mccluskey)
method, determination and selection of Prime implicants.
UNIT-III (14 Lectures)
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC: Introduction, combinational circuits, analysis procedure, design procedure,
binary adder, binary subtractor, BCD adder, binary multiplier, Magnitude comparator, decoder,
encoders, multiplexers.
MEMORY AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC: introduction, Random-access memory, memory decoding,
error detection and correction, read only memory, programmable logic array, programmable array logic,
sequential programmable devices
UNIT-IV (10 Lectures)
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC: Classification of Sequential circuits (Synchronous, Asynchronous, Pulse mode, Level
mode with examples), latches, Flip-Flops.
UNIT-V (10 Lectures)
REGISTERS AND COUNTERS: Registers, shift registers, Ripple counters, synchronous counters, counter
with unused states, ring counter, Johnson counter, LFSR counter.
Unconventional Manufacturing Process
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Need for non-traditional machining methods-Classification of modern machining processes,
considerations in process selection, Materials, Applications.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
ULTRASONIC MACHINING: Elements of the process, mechanics of metal removal process parameters,
economic considerations, applications and limitations, recent development. Abrasive jet machining, Water jet
machining and abrasive water jet machine: Basic principles, equipments, process variables, mechanics of metal
removal, MRR, application and limitations.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
ELECTRO CHEMICAL PROCESSES: Fundamentals of electro chemical machining, electrochemical grinding,
electro chemical honing and deburring process. Metal removal rate in ECM, Tool design, Surface finish and
accuracy economic aspects of ECM, Simple problems for estimation of metal removal rate. Fundamentals of
chemical, machining, advantages and applications.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
THERMAL METAL REMOVAL PROCESSES : General Principle and applications of Electric Discharge Machining,
Electric Discharge Grinding and electric discharge wire cutting processes, Power circuits for EDM, Mechanics of
metal removal in EDM, Process parameters, selection of tool electrode and dielectric fluids, methods surface
finish and machining accuracy, characteristics of spark eroded surface and machine tool selection. Wire EDM,
principle, applications.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
GENERATION AND CONTROL OF ELECTRON BEAM FOR MACHINING: Theory of electron beam machining,
comparison of thermal and non-thermal processes, General Principle and application of laser beam machining -
thermal features, cutting speed and accuracy of cut. Application of plasma for machining, metal removal
mechanism, process parameters, accuracy and surface finish and other applications of plasma in
manufacturing industries. Chemical machining, principle, maskants, etchants, applications.

Finite Element Methods

UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO FEM: Basic concept, historical background, application of FEM, general description,
comparison of FEM with other methods. Basic equations of elasticity, Stress-strain relations, Strain-
Displacement relations.
ONE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM: Finite element modeling coordinates and shape functions. Potential
Energy approach: Assembly of Global stiffness matrix and load vector. Finite element equations,
Treatment of boundary conditions, Quadratic shape functions.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES: Stiffness Matrix for plane truss and space truss elements, stress calculations.
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS: Hermite shape functions-Element stiffness matrix for two nodes, two degrees of
freedom per node beam element, load vector, deflection, stresses.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
PROBLEMS: CST-Stiffness matrix and load vector, Isoparametric element representation, Shape
functions, convergence requirements, Problems.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING: Axisymmetric solids subjected to Axisymmetric loading with triangular
elements. Two dimensional four noded Isoparametric elements and numerical integration.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS: 1-D analysis of a fin and 2-D analysis of thin plate. Analysis of
a uniform shaft subjected to torsion.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS: Formulation of finite element model, element matrices, Lumped and consistent
mass matrices evaluation of Eigen values and Eigen vectors for a stepped bar and a beam.

Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
Computers in Industrial Manufacturing, Product cycle, CAD / CAM Hardware, Basic structure, CPU,
Memory types, input devices, display devices, hard copy devices, and storage devices.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS: Raster scan graphics coordinate system, database structure for graphics
modeling, transformation of geometry, 3D transformations, mathematics of projections, clipping,
hidden surface removal.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
GEOMETRIC MODELING: Requirements, geometric models, geometric construction models, curve
representation methods, surface representation methods, modeling facilities desired.
DRAFTING AND MODELING SYSTEMS: Basic geometric commands, layers, display control commands,
editing, dimensioning, and solid modeling.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
NUMERICAL CONTROL: NC, NC modes, NC elements, NC machine tools, structure of CNC machine tools,
features of Machining centre, turning centre, CNC Part Programming: fundamentals, manual part
programming methods, Computer Aided Part Programming.
GROUP TECH: Part family, coding and classification, production flow analysis, advantages and
limitations, Computer Aided Processes Planning, Retrieval type and Generative type.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
COMPUTER AIDED QUALITY CONTROL: Terminology in quality control, the computer in QC, contact
inspection methods, noncontact inspection methods-optical, noncontact inspection methods-non
optical, computer aided testing, integration of CAQC with CAD/CAM.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: Types of Manufacturing systems, Machine tools
and related equipment, material handling systems, computer control systems, human labor in the
manufacturing systems, CIMS benefits.

NDT Techniques
UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Scope and advantages of NDT, comparison of NDT with DT. Visual Methods: Optical
aids, In-situ metallographic, Optical holographic methods, Dynamic inspection.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
PENETRANT FLAW DETECTION: Principles, Process, Penetrant systems, Liquid penetrant materials,
Emulsifiers, cleaners developers, sensitivity, Advantages, Limitations, Applications.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
RADIOGRAPHIC METHODS: Limitations, Principles of radiography, sources of radiation, Ionizing
radiation, X-rays sources, Gama-rays sources recording of radiation, Radiographic sensitivity, and
Fluoroscopic methods.
ULTRASONIC TESTING OF MATERIALS: Advantages, disadvantages, Applications, Generation of
Ultrasonic waves, general characteristics of ultrasonic waves - methods and instruments for ultrasonic
materials testing.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
MAGNETIC METHODS: Advantages, Limitations, Methods of generating fields, magnetic particles and
suspending liquids Magnetography, field sensitive probes, applications.
ELECTRICAL METHODS: Eddy current methods: potential-drop methods, applications.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING: Magnetism, Magnetic domains, Magnetization curves, Magnetic
Hysteresis, Hysteresis-loop tests, comparator - bridge tests, Absolute single-coil system, applications.
OTHER METHODS: Acoustic Emission methods, Acoustic methods, Leak detection, Thermal inspection.

Robotics
UNIT – I (12 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Robotics, history of robotics of Robotics, present and future
applications – classification by coordinate system and control system.
COMPONENTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS: Function line diagram representation of robot arms,
common types of arms. Components, Architecture, number of degrees of freedom – Requirements and
challenges of end effectors, mechanical grippers and gripper faces, Electric, Hydraulic and Pneumatic
grippers.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
MOTION ANALYSIS: Homogeneous transformations as applicable to rotation and translation, problems.
MANIPULATOR KINEMATICS: Specifications of matrices, D-H notation joint coordinates and world
coordinates, Forward and inverse kinematics, problems.
UNIT – III (12 Lectures)
MANIPULATOR DYNAMICS - I: Differential transformation of serial manipulators, Jacobians, problems.
Dynamics: Lagrange, Euler and Newton, Euler formations, Problems.
MANIPULATOR DYNAMICS - II: Trajectory planning and avoidance of obstacles, path planning, Skew
motion, joint integrated motion, straight line motion, Robot programming, languages and software.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
ROBOT ACTUATORS AND SENSORS: Actuators: Pneumatic, Hydraulic actuators, electric and stepper
motors. sensors position sensors, potentiometers, resolvers, encoders, Velocity sensors.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
ROBOT APPLICATION IN MANUFACTURING: Material Transfer, Material handling, loading and
unloading, Processing spot and continuous arc welding & spray painting, Assembly and Inspection.

Refrigeration and Air conditioning

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION: Necessity and applications, Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P,
Mechanical Refrigeration , Types of Ideal cycles of refrigeration. Air Refrigeration: Bell Coleman cycle
and Brayton Cycle, Open and Dense air systems, Actual air refrigeration system problems, and
Refrigeration needs of Air craft’s.
UNIT – II (12 Lectures)
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: Working principle and essential components of the
plant , simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle, COP, Representation of cycle on T-S and p-h
charts, effect of sub cooling and super heating , Cycle analysis, Actual cycle, Influence of various
parameters on system performance, Use of p-h charts, numerical Problems.
VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEMS: Calculation of COP, description and working of NH3-water system and
LiBr-water (Two shell & Four shell) System. Principle of operation Three Fluid absorption system, salient
features.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
SYSTEM COMPONENTS: Evaporators, classification, Working Principles, Expansion devices, Types,
Working Principles.
REFRIGERANTS: Desirable properties, classification, refrigerants Nomenclature, Ozone Depletion, and
Global Warming.
STEAM JET REFRIGERATION SYSTEM: Working Principle and Basic Components, Principle and operation
of (i) Thermoelectric refrigerator (ii) Vortex tube or Hilsch tube.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION TO AIR CONDITIONING: Psychometric Properties & Processes, Characterization of
Sensible and latent heat loads, Need for Ventilation, Consideration of Infiltration, Load concepts of
RSHF, GSHF- Problems, Concept of ESHF and ADP.
UNIT – V (12 Lectures)
COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING: Requirements of human comfort and concept of effective temperature-
Comfort chart, Comfort Air conditioning, Requirements of Industrial air conditioning.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM-Classification of equipment, cooling, heating humidification and
dehumidification, filters, grills and registers, fans and blowers, Heat Pump, Heat sources, Different heat
pump circuits.

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

UNIT – I (10 Lectures)
INTRODUCTION: Definition of MEMS, MEMS history and development, micro machining, lithography
principles & methods, structural and sacrificial materials, thin film deposition, impurity doping, etching,
surface micromachining, wafer bonding, LIGA.
MECHANICAL SENSORS AND ACTUATORS: Principles of sensing and actuation: beam and cantilever,
capacitive, piezo electric, strain, pressure, flow, pressure measurement by micro phone, MEMS
gyroscopes, shear mode piezo actuator, gripping piezo actuator, Inchworm technology.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
THERMAL SENSORS AND ACTUATORS: Thermal energy basics and heat transfer processes, thermisters,
thermo devices, thermo couple, micro machined thermo couple probe, peltier effect heat pumps,
thermal flow sensors, micro hot plate gas sensors, MEMS thermo vessels, pyro electricity, shape
memory alloys (SMA), U-shaped horizontal and vertical electro thermal actuator, thermally activated
MEMS relay, micro spring thermal actuator, data storage cantilever.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
MICRO-OPTO-ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: Principle of MOEMS technology, properties of light,
light modulators, beam splitter, micro lens, micro mirrors, digital micro mirror device (DMD), light
detectors, grating light valve (GLV), optical switch, wave guide and tuning, shear stress measurement.
UNIT – IV (12 Lectures)
MAGNETIC SENSORS AND ACTUATORS: Magnetic materials for MEMS and properties, magnetic sensing
and detection, magneto resistive Mechanical Engineering sensor, more on hall effect, magneto diodes,
magneto transistor, MEMS magnetic sensor, pressure sensor utilizing MOKE, mag MEMS actuators, by
directional micro actuator, feedback circuit integrated magnetic actuator, large force reluctance
actuator, magnetic probe based storage device.
UNIT – V (12 Lectures)
MICRO FLUIDIC SYSTEMS: Applications, considerations on micro scale fluid, fluid actuation methods,
dielectro phoresis (DEP), electro wetting, electro thermal flow, thermo capillary effect, electro osmosis
flow, optoelectro wetting (OEW), tuning using micro fluidics, typical micro fluidic channel, microfluid
dispenser, micro needle, molecular gate, micro pumps.
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) MEMS: RF – based communication systems, RF MEMS, MEMS inductors,

Solar Energy and Applications

UNIT – I (10 Lecture)

PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION: Role and potential of new and renewable source, the solar energy
option, Environmental impact of solar power, physics of the sun, the solar constant, extra terrestrial and
terrestrial solar radiation, solar radiation on titled surface, instruments for measuring solar radiation and
Sun shine, solar radiation data.
UNIT – II (10 Lectures)
SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS: Flat plate and concentrating collectors, classification of concentrating
collectors, orientation and thermal analysis, advanced collectors.
STORAGE AND APPLICATIONS: Different methods of solar energy storage, Sensible, latent heat and
stratified storage, solar ponds. Solar Applications- solar heating /cooling technique, solar distillation and
drying.
UNIT – III (10 Lectures)
PHOTO VOLTAICS (PV):Fundamentals of solar cells, types of solar cells, semiconducting materials, band
gap theory, absorption of photons, excitations and photo emission of electrons, band engineering.
PV CELL PROPERTIES: Solar cell properties and design, p-n junction photodiodes, depletion region,
electrostatic field across the depletion layer, electron and holes transports, device physics, charge
carrier generation, recombination and other losses, I-V characteristics, output power.
UNIT – IV (10 Lectures)
SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS:PV cell interconnection, module structure and module fabrication,
Equivalent circuits, load matching, efficiency, fill factor and optimization for maximum power, Design of
stand-alone PV systems, system sizing, device structures, device construction, DC to AC conversion,
inverters, on-site storage and grid connections.
UNIT – V (10 Lectures)
COST ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Cost analysis and pay back calculations for different
types of solar panels and collectors, installation and operating costs, Environmental and safety issues,
protection systems, performance monitoring.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: Solar Energy: Types of devices for Solar Energy Collection, Thermal
Storage System. Control Systems, Wind Energy, Availability, Wind Devices, Wind Characteristics,
Performance of Turbines and systems.