C3: Bohr discovered the formula , for calculating the energy of a photon

absorbed or emitted when an electron in hydrogen moves from an initial energy level, ni, to a final
energy level, nf. What is the wavelength of light emitted when an electron in hydrogen moves from n = 8
to n = 6? (Answers posted below, and explanation with them)

This is a level 4 answer as it not only has the correct answer, but it also has extra information given about
the question and the process of it. For example; the values for h and c are given, the original formula,
and the formula required to do the problem are given, and small notes are seen throughout the question
(i.e; plug in n values, explanation for negative value, and showing that the photon is emitted during the
transition, so the E value is positive).
The level 3 answer shows the correct answer and method, but there is no other additional information
that could boost it up to a level 4 answer like the answer above this. The extra information gives the
teacher more evidence of the student’s understanding of the concepts and process of the question,
which goes above and beyond the expectations.

The level 2 answer has a miscalculation, which gives the incorrect answer as the E value is incorrect, so
both parts of the question are wrong, and the answer in nm was not given either. The process was still
correct though, therefore a level 2 seems sufficient for this answer.

C2: Consider the properties of the four substances below:

Substance Boiling Point Conductivity Other Properties

Do not conduct electricity (but has an
A 2410o Hard and Brittle
exception).
Conductive of electricity and heat in
B 2040o Crystalline
liquid state, but not in solid state.
 Conductive in both liquid and solid
C 1680o Malleable and Ductile
states.
D 30o Do not conduct electricity in any state. Soft and Brittle

Level 4 Answer:

a) Which of the above substances is likely a molecular solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

Substance D is likely a molecular solid. Here are the reasons as to why it is:

- The Low Boiling Point (Given the comparatively weak intermolecular forces that keep the
molecules in their solid state, molecular solids often have low melting and boiling points).

- Conductivity (Since the electrons within molecules cannot move enough to allow for the flow
of electricity, molecules can not conduct electricity).

- Softness (The distinct molecules that make up molecular solids are bonded together by
intermolecular forces. The molecules are soft or brittle, making it simple to break the solid, due
to the weak van der Waals forces that permit the molecules to be easily separated).

b) Which of the above substances is likely a covalent network solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

Substance A is likely a covalent network solid. The following is my reasoning:

- The High Boiling Point (Since there are so many strong covalent bonds that must be broken, all
covalent network structures have extremely high melting and boiling points. Since none of the
free charges are able to move, they are all solid and do not conduct electricity. They also do not
dissolve).

- Conductivity (Covalent networks are unable to conduct electricity because their fixed electrons
are securely held in shared pairs. Additionally, it says there is an exception, and one of the few
exceptions could be talking about graphite. Graphite is a covalent network solid that can conduct
electricity because its electrons are delocalized).

- Hard and Brittle (With the exception of graphite, whose covalent network takes the shape of a
two-dimensional sheet of graphene that is only one atom thick, network covalent solids are
often hard and brittle. Since the covalent bonds that keep network covalent solids together are
difficult to break, they are hard and have high melting and boiling points).

This is a level 4 answer as it matches the properties and gives an explanation as to why these
solids have these properties and uses its structure to explain. This additional information and
its detail gets it up to a level 4 answer.
Level 3 Answer:

a) Which of the above substances is likely a molecular solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

From the properties shown, substance D is likely a molecular solid. This is because molecular
compounds are known to have low melting and boiling points, which we can see is very low (30o), it is
not conductive in any state, and molecular compounds have that property as well. Lastly, it is soft and
brittle, and molecular compounds have weak interactions making it like that.

b) Which of the above substances is likely a covalent network solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

From the properties shown, substance A is likely a covalent network solid. This is because
covalent network solids are known to have high melting and boiling points, and we can see that
it is very high (2410o). Additionally, they do not conduct electricity, and do have exceptions.
Lastly, they are hard and brittle and that is also indicated in this substance, so all properties
match.

This is a level 3 answer because it only matches the properties with the different types of
solids, and does not explain they have these properties, and does not use its structure to
explain.

Level 2 Answer:

a) Which of the above substances is likely a molecular solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

I think substance D is a molecular solid because the properties are the same as a molecular solid,
so if it matches it would mean that it is likely a molecular solid. Such as, the boiling point is very
low, and that is one of their properties.

b) Which of the above substances is likely a covalent network solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

I think substance A is a network covalent solid because the properties are the same as a network
covalent solid. Such as, the boiling point is really high, and that is one of their properties.
 This is a level 2 answer because it only gives one property example, which is not even a
defining property that would confirm the solid to be either molecular or network covalent, and it is a
very short and has some detail.

C3: When asked “Using electron configurations, explain the common ions of chromium” ChatGPT gives
the answer below. Do you agree with ChatGPT’s answer? Why/Why not?

C2: Consider the properties of the four substances below:

Substance Boiling Point Conductivity Other Properties

Do not conduct electricity (but has an
A 2410o Hard and Brittle
exception).
Conductive of electricity and heat in
B 2040o Crystalline
liquid state, but not in solid state.
Conductive in both liquid and solid
C 1680o Malleable and Ductile
states.
D 30o Do not conduct electricity in any state. Soft and Brittle
c) Which of the above substances is likely a molecular solid? Justify your answer by showing how
the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.

d) Which of the above substances is likely a covalent network solid? Justify your answer by
showing how the structure of the substance would account for the properties given.