Age and Gender Detection

A PROJECT SYNPOSIS
Submitted to

Assistant Professor

Submitted By

Pradeep Jakhad(21cs38), Vikas(21cs31)

in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the Degree

of

Bachelor of Technology
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Old Faridabad-Jasana Road, Nachauli, Faridabad

OCTOBER 2023
 Index

S.No Content Page No.

1. Introduction 1-2

2. Literature Review 3-4

3. Objectives 5
4. Methodology 6-7
5. Requirements 8-9
6. Future Scope 10-11

7. References 12
 1.Introduction

In a world where the digital landscape is dominated by captivating visuals, each image tells a
story waiting to be heard. From the breathtaking landscapes captured by travel photographers to
the intimate moments frozen in time by street photographers, the richness of visual content
permeates every aspect of our lives. Yet, amidst this visual abundance lies a challenge that
transcends the pixels on our screens - the challenge of interpretation.

The Image Caption Generator project emerges at the intersection of art and technology, seeking
to unravel the intricacies of visual storytelling through the lens of artificial intelligence. It is
born out of a profound appreciation for the narratives embedded within images and a
recognition of the transformative power of language in elucidating these narratives.

Imagine a world where machines possess not only the ability to perceive images but also to
understand and articulate their essence in the form of descriptive captions. This project
endeavors to turn this vision into reality, embarking on a journey to equip machines with the
cognitive faculties necessary to comprehend and communicate the stories depicted within
visual content.

At its core, the Image Caption Generator project represents a convergence of cutting-edge
research in computer vision and natural language processing, converging to unlock the latent
potential hidden within images. It is a testament to human ingenuity and curiosity, driven by a
desire to transcend the boundaries of conventional perception and imbue machines with the
capacity for creative expression.

Beyond its technical intricacies, this project holds profound implications for diverse domains,
from accessibility and assistive technologies for the visually impaired to content indexing and
retrieval mechanisms in digital archives. It is a testament to the boundless potential of human-
machine collaboration, where the synergy between human creativity and artificial intelligence
yields transformative innovations.

As we embark on this quest to unravel the mysteries of visual intelligence, let us remember that
the stories within images are not merely pixels on a screen but reflections of the human
experience, waiting to be discovered and shared. The Image Caption Generator project serves
as a beacon of hope and innovation, illuminating the path towards a future where machines not
only perceive but also comprehend and communicate the beauty of visual narratives.

In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on this exhilarating journey into the heart of
visual storytelling, where imagination knows no bounds, and the stories within images find
their voice in the symphony of human discourse.
 2. Literature Review

In computer vision, age and gender recognition from face photographs is an interesting and
difficult subject. Robust and reliable age and gender categorization models have been
developed through a few research publications and investigations throughout the years. We
examine several important studies in this field in this overview of the literature, highlighting
the approaches and conclusions from the cited references:
1. Gil Levi and Tal Hassner [1] offers a fundamental method for classifying people by age and
gender using deep CNNs. They emphasize how well CNNs learn discriminative characteristics
for estimating age and gender. It is shown that the model achieves remarkable levels of
accuracy. Furthermore, the authors make their dataset available, enabling the results to be
repeated. One key takeaway from their research is the impressive accuracy achieved by their
model. Deep CNNs have demonstrated their capability to not only detect gender but also
estimate the age of individuals with remarkable precision. The success of their approach
underscores the potential of deep learning models in addressing complex tasks like age and
gender classification.
2. Gil Levi and Tal Hassner [2] depicts the categorization problems related to age and gender
are the main emphasis of this study work. The benefits of optimizing pre-trained CNNs for
enhanced age and gender recognition performance are covered by the writers. This work plays
a key role in establishing a standard for other studies in the area. By fine-tuning and adapting
pre-existing CNN models, they are able to significantly enhance the accuracy and effectiveness
of these networks in age and gender classification tasks. This optimization technique is a
valuable contribution to the field, as it demonstrates the potential for refining existing models
to excel in domains. Furthermore, their research serves as a benchmark for other studies in the
same area.

3. A. Dantcheva, P. Elia, and R. Veldhuis [3] provide a coordinated examination of gender

categorization and age estimation methods. This paper explores the nuances of both jobs,
highlighting how important it is to take both into account together for more precise outcomes. It
highlights how gender and age interact with face features and promotes the creation of
collaborative models. One important part of their study is the investigation of the relationship
between gender and age in terms of face traits. Understanding how these two demographic
traits impact and interact with one another is critical for constructing more precise facial
analysis algorithms. By diving into this link, the researchers contribute to a better
understanding of the intricacies involved in estimating age and gender from visual data.

4. Rasmus Antoft, Aggeliki S. Pramateftaki, and Z. Tan [4] discusses the issues with age and
gender classification that arise between cultures. To make the findings usable in a worldwide
environment, it highlights the necessity of strong models that can handle a variety of datasets
from different cultural backgrounds.The importance of strong models that can handle varied
datasets from various cultural backgrounds is emphasised in their work. This realisation is
critical for maintaining the global applicability of age and gender classification models.
Researchers may construct more inclusive and accurate models that work well across diverse
populations and cultural situations by recognising and resolving cultural variances in data.

5. Asmaa Ismaeil, Fakhri Karray, and Mo Elhag [5] advance the field by putting out deep CNN
models for gender and age categorization. They explore the technical details of deep learning
methods and how convolutional neural networks are used in various applications. The authors
contribute to a larger knowledge of how these neural networks might be used in diverse
applications, such as age and gender classification, by disclosing the technical aspects of their
deep CNN models. This information sharing is critical for academics and practitioners looking
to apply deep learning approaches to comparable issues, eventually pushing development in the
field of computer vision and artificial intelligence.

6. N. S. M. Noor and colleagues [6] continue the exploration of deep learning techniques for
age and gender recognition. Their work reinforces the role of CNNs as a robust and efficient
approach and discusses practical applications of these models. Their contributions not only
highlight the usefulness of CNNs, but also go into practical implementations of these models.
This practical component is critical because it shows the practical applicability of deep
learning-based age and gender identification. It demonstrates how these models may be used in
a variety of fields, including marketing, security, healthcare, and entertainment, as previously
indicated.
7. S. M. Jaysukh, D. Sethi, and M. S. Anuta [7] expand the study to uncontrolled, natural
settings. They provide insights into practical applications by examining the difficulties of using
deep learning for gender and age estimate in real-world situations. This study's findings are
essential for understanding the practical constraints and opportunities of deep learning-based
age and gender estimates. It not only adds to academic understanding of the field, but it also
provides guidance to researchers and practitioners looking to deploy such systems in real-world
applications, where factors such as lighting, pose, background, and other environmental
conditions can all have a significant impact on the accuracy of demographic predictions.
8. Sara Jiménez, Juan J. Pantrigo, and Araceli Sanchis [8] provide a comprehensive survey of
age and gender classification techniques. This survey paper summarizes the advancements in
the field, identifies common challenges, and highlights the evolution of techniques over the
years. The authors present a concise review of age and gender classification advances by
evaluating a wide range of methodologies. This overview keeps scholars and practitioners up to
date on the latest developments in this dynamic subject.
 3. Objectives

1. Develop a deep learning architecture combining CNNs and RNNs for image feature
extraction and caption generation.
2. Curate and preprocess extensive datasets of images paired with descriptive captions to
be used for training the model.
3. Implement semantic understanding techniques to ensure contextually relevant and
coherent caption generation.
4. Design adaptive learning mechanisms to enable the model to continuously improve its
captioning capabilities over time.
5. Employ natural language generation techniques to produce grammatically correct and
fluent captions resembling human-written descriptions.
6. Define robust evaluation metrics to assess the quality and relevance of generated
captions accurately.
7. Explore integration possibilities with various applications and platforms for seamless
incorporation of image captioning functionality.
8. Optimize computational efficiency and scalability of the model to handle large volumes
of images efficiently.
9. Conduct thorough testing and validation to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the
image captioning system.
10. Document the project comprehensively, including algorithms, methodologies, and
implementation details, for future reference and replication.
 4. Methodology

Fig 3.1 Flow chart

Age and Gender Detection uses OpenCV and Python to construct an age and gender
detection system. The system uses picture or video frame analysis to identify faces,
calculate age, and categorize gender in the people inside the frames.
 1. Importing Required Modules: The code begins by importing necessary libraries,
including OpenCV (cv2), math, time, and cv2_imshow for displaying results in Google
Colab.
2. Face Detection: The `getFaceBox` function takes a pre-trained face detection
neural network (`faceNet`) and a frame as input. It uses OpenCV's DNN module to
detect faces within the frame. The function returns the frame with bounding boxes
around detected faces and a list of bounding boxes.
3. Loading Pre-trained Models: The code loads pre-trained models for age
estimation and gender classification. The age model consists of "age_deploy.prototxt"
and "age_net.caffemodel," while the gender model consists of "gender_deploy.prototxt"
and "gender_net.caffemodel."
4. Constants and Lists: The code defines constants for model mean values and lists
for age and gender labels.
5. Processing Detected Faces: The `age_gender_detector` function takes a frame as
input and first calls the `getFaceBox` function to detect faces in the frame. For each
detected face, it does the following:
 Face Cropping: The code crops the face region from the frame, considering a padding
value to ensure a margin around the face for more accurate analysis.
 Blob Preparation: It prepares the face region as a blob by resizing it to 227x227 pixels
and subtracting the mean values defined earlier. This blob is suitable for input to the age
and gender classification models.
 Gender Classification: The gender model (`genderNet`) predicts the gender of the face
and returns a gender label (either "Male" or "Female").
 Age Estimation**: The age model (`ageNet`) predicts the age group of the face and
returns an age label (e.g., '(0-2)', '(25-32)'). The age label corresponds to the age range of
the detected individual.
 Annotation: The code annotates the frame with the gender and age labels near the
detected face bounding box.
6. Displaying the Result: The final annotated frame, which includes bounding boxes
and age/gender labels, is displayed using `cv2_imshow`.
7. Input Image: The code reads an input image ("image.jpg"), but it can also work
with video streams by capturing frames in real-time.
8. Output: The output of the `age_gender_detector` function is the annotated image
frame that displays the age and gender information near the detected faces.
 5.Requirements

The requirement for this Python project is a webcam through which we will capture images.
You need to have Python installed on your system, then using pip, you can install the necessary
packages.
 Python: Python is the basis of the program that we wrote. It utilizes many of the python
libraries.
 Libraries:
 imutils: Convenient functions written for OpenCV.
 OpenCV: Used to get the video stream from the webcam, etc.
 Math: It is used for mathematical operations.
 Time: It is used to measure the execution time of operations.
 Google.collab.patches : Google Colab (Colaboratory): Google Colab is a web-based
platform that allows users to run Python code in a Jupyter Notebook environment on
Google's cloud servers. Because it gives free access to GPUs and TPUs (Graphics
Processing Units and Tensor Processing Units), it is frequently utilised for machine
learning and data analysis jobs. Google Colab is frequently used by researchers and
developers to train and experiment with machine learning and computer vision models,
such as age and gender detection.
 Patches: The term "patches" in computer vision often refers to tiny, localised visual
portions or segments. They may be retrieved from a picture and used to highlight
certain areas of interest. Patches may be employed in the context of age and gender
identification to identify and analyse face traits that are significant for these
demographic estimates.
  Deep learning models: Deep Learning Models: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
and other deep learning models are used to accomplish feature extraction and
classification tasks. These models are trained on labelled datasets to learn the
discriminative characteristics that correspond to distinct age and gender groups in the
context of age and gender detection.
1. Age Estimation Model: This model has been taught to guess a person's age based on
facial traits. It takes a facial picture as input and returns an approximated age.
Regressors, in which the model explicitly forecasts the age as a numerical number, are a
common architecture for age estimation.
2. Gender Classification Model: This model is intended to determine a person's gender
based on facial traits. It accepts a picture as input and returns a binary classification
result (male or female).
 OS: Windows
 Prototxt Files: Prototxt files are used to specify the design and setup of deep learning
models in the context of OpenCV. These files define the network's layers, connections,
and other information. You normally have two prototxt files for age and gender
detection, one for age estimate and another for gender categorization.
1. Age Estimation Prototxt: The architecture of the age estimation model is described in
this file, which includes layers, input and output dimensions, and other
hyperparameters. It specifies how the neural network analyses the input face picture to
determine age.
2. Gender categorization Prototxt: This file specifies the gender categorization model's
architecture. It defines the layers and settings needed to determine the gender of the
individual in the input image.
 Laptop: Used to run our code.
In Age and Gender Detection following python libraries were used:
1. cv2(OpenCV): This library is a popular computer vision library in Python and is used
for image and video processing. It provides functions for tasks such as reading and
displaying images, performing various image processing operations, and working with
neural networks.
2. math: The built-in Python `math` library is used for mathematical operations. In this
code, it may be used for certain mathematical calculations.
3. time: The `time` library is used to measure the execution time of specific operations. It
allows you to calculate the time taken for different parts of the code to execute.
4. google.colab.patches`: This library provides the `cv2_imshow` function, which is a
Colab-specific utility for displaying images within a Jupyter notebook environment like
Google Colab. It allows you to display OpenCV images directly in a notebook.
 6.Future Scope

 Multimodal Fusion Techniques: Research and implement advanced multimodal fusion

techniques to effectively combine information from multiple modalities such as images,
audio, and text to generate more comprehensive and contextually rich captions.
 Adaptive Language Models: Develop adaptive language models that can dynamically
adjust their parameters based on the linguistic characteristics of different languages,
enabling more accurate and fluent caption generation in multiple languages.
 Fine-Grained Image Understanding: Investigate methods to improve the model's ability
to recognize and describe fine-grained details in images, including subtle visual cues and
intricate relationships between objects, leading to more detailed and informative captions.
 Interactive Captioning Interfaces: Design and implement interactive captioning
interfaces that allow users to actively participate in the captioning process by providing
real-time feedback or corrections, facilitating continuous improvement and personalization
of captions.
 Context-Aware Caption Generation: Develop techniques to incorporate contextual
information such as user preferences, temporal dynamics, and environmental cues into the
 caption generation process, resulting in more relevant and adaptive captions tailored to
specific contexts.
 Knowledge-Enhanced Captioning Models: Integrate external knowledge sources such as
structured ontologies, semantic graphs, or commonsense knowledge bases to augment the
model's understanding of the world, enabling it to generate more informed and contextually
grounded captions.
 Cross-Domain Captioning Applications: Explore the applicability of the captioning
model in diverse domains such as medical imaging (e.g., radiology report generation),
satellite imagery analysis (e.g., environmental monitoring), and robotics (e.g., scene
understanding for autonomous navigation), adapting the model architecture and training
strategies as necessary.
 Real-Time Captioning Systems: Research and develop efficient algorithms and
architectures that enable the generation of captions in real-time for streaming video content
or live events, ensuring low latency and high throughput to support interactive applications
and immersive experiences.
 Bias Detection and Mitigation Strategies: Implement mechanisms to detect and mitigate
biases in the training data and model predictions, including algorithmic fairness techniques,
diversity-aware training objectives, and bias-aware evaluation metrics, to ensure that the
captioning system produces equitable and inclusive captions for all users.
 Community Engagement and Open Science Initiatives: Foster collaborations with
research communities, industry partners, and open-source initiatives to promote knowledge
sharing, code reusability, and collaborative development, contributing to the advancement
of image captioning technology and its broader accessibility and impact.
 7.References

1. Gil Levi and Tal Hassner, “Deep Age and Gender Classification Using Convolutional
Neural Networks”, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition (CVPR), 2015.
2. Gil Levi and Tal Hassner, “Deep Age and Gender Classification Using Convolutional
Neural Networks”, IEEE Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
(AMFG), 2015.
3. A. Dantcheva, P. Elia, and R. Veldhuis, "Age Estimation and Gender Classification: A
Coordinated Analysis", Proceedings of International Conference on Biometrics (ICB),
2016.
4. M. Rasmus Antoft, N. Aggeliki S. Pramateftaki, and Z. Tan, "Facial Age and Gender
Classification on Multi-Cultural Datasets", Proceedings of IEEE International
Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW), 2017.
5. Asmaa Ismaeil, Fakhri Karray, and Mo Elhag, "Age and Gender Classification Using
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks", Proceedings of International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2018.
6. N. S. M. Noor, et al., "Deep Learning-Based Age and Gender Recognition Using
Convolutional Neural Networks", Proceedings of International Conference on Image,
Vision and Computing (ICIVC), 2018.
7. S. M. Jaysukh, D. Sethi, and M. S. Anuta, "Age and Gender Estimation for Faces in the
Wild with Deep Learning", Proceedings of International Conference on Machine
Learning and Computing (ICMLC), 2019.
8. Sara Jiménez, Juan J. Pantrigo, and Araceli Sanchis, "A Survey on Age and Gender
Classification Techniques in Computer Vision", Expert Systems with Applications,
2020.