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COMPREHENSION 3

Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension is defined as the understanding Factual ■

A set of facts ■
Newspapers, magazines
of a passage or a text. It includes a passage followed by a passage ■
Instructions ■
Brochures
few questions. The nature of comprehension asked in ■
Report ■
Reference books
the examination are descriptive, narrative, explanatory, ■
Description ■
Encyclopaedias
persuasive and argumentative and the word limit of Discursive ■
Opinions ■
Newspapers, magazines
passage is 250 to 300 words. passage ■
Persuasive text ■
Reference books
Basically, comprehension tests the reader’s ability to
■
Argumentative text
understand the content as well as style and theme of the
■
Interpretative text
passage. It is meant to test the understanding powers Literary ■
Extract from fiction, ■
Novels
and intellectual skills of a student. Passage drama, essay, ■
Short stories
biography, etc ■
Dramas
■
Biographies
Types of Passages ■
Other literary books
Narrative ■
Sequence of ■
Imagined tale with flash
The passage could be of any one of the following types Passage events backs or multiple timelines
(i) Factual A factual passage includes some facts
about the physical aspects of a subject. It
includes instructions, descriptions and reports. Steps to Attempt Reading Comprehension
It helps the student to get a detailed view of the The following steps have to be attempted while reading
subject and develop a complete mental picture of comprehension
a specific person, place, object or being. 1. Read each and every line in the passage carefully.
(ii) Discursive A narrative passage includes Reading the passage twice is always favourable as it
argumentative, interpretative and persuasive helps in better understanding and makes it easier for
text. Such passages may include opinions or a student to find answers. If the title of the passage
feedback. It allows students to arrive at a is given, read it first as it gives the central insight of
conclusion through reasoning and understanding the passage.
rather than intuition. It presents a balanced and 2. Underline all the difficult words while reading the
objective approach towards the subject being passage, as you might be tested on these words in the
discussed. vocabulary questions.
(iii) Literary A literary passage may include an 3. Always give emphasis on the beginning and end of
extract from fiction, drama, biography, the passages. These paragraphs often hold the most
autobiography, travelogue, poetry etc. important information of the passage.
(iv) Narrative Narrative passage is one of the 4. While answering be sure that you’ve clearly
easiest to identify as they are written in form of understood the question. Answer must be relevant to
a story. Such passages includes bibliophile, the question.
novels, anecdotes, autobiographies, histories etc.
5. Ensure that you answer the question according to
These passages relate a series of events either
the marks it carries. Subjective questions should be
real or imaginary or chronologically arranged
answered in complete sentences.
information is provided to the readers.

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4 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

6. Try to use your own language and modify the Pluto is the last and was considered a planet after its
answer according to the question. discovery in 1930. In 2006, Pluto was demoted and
7. Answers should be based on information given/ reclassified as a dwarf planet. Pluto exists in the Kuiper
inference derived from the information in the belt. That’s just a fancy name for the band of rocks, dust
passage. and ice that lies beyond the gas giants. Scientists have
8. Make sure that you use the same tense in which the found objects bigger than Pluto in this belt. Thus, the
question has been asked. outer solar system has many secrets to explore.
9. In MCQ’s analyse the questions and options carefully 1. When it is said that “Pluto was demoted and
before selecting the correct option because some of reclassified”, it is meant that
the four options are often closely related. (a) Pluto is no longer considered a planet
10. Write the correct question number on each answer (b) Pluto was categorised as a different kind of planet
sheet to avoid mistakes. (c) Pluto was renamed
(d) Pluto was removed from our planetary system

Examples 2. The two gases which make up most of Jupiter and

Saturn are ............ .
Read the following passages carefully and answer the
(a) hydrogen and ammonia
questions that follow.
(b) hydrogen and methane
(c) hydrogen and helium
Passage 1 (Factual) (d) None of the above
The outer solar system is the name of the planets beyond 3. According to the passage, our planet is made up of
the asteroid belt. These planets are called gas giants gases and ice. Choose the option that lists the
because they are made up of gas and ice. gases not found on the planets mentioned in the
The first stop of our tour is the fifth planet, Jupiter. passage.
Jupiter is bigger than three hundred Earths! It is made up 1. Ammonia 2. Methane
of hydrogen and helium and a few other gases. There are 3. Oxygen 4. Hydrogen
violent wind storms that circle around Jupiter. The most 5. Carbon
famous storm is called the Great Red Spot. It has been (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
churning for more than four hundred years already. At (c) 3 and 5 (d) 3 and 4
last count, Jupiter has sixty-three known moons and a
4. Based on your understanding of the passage,
faint ring around it too.
choose the option that gives the correct sequence of
Next in our space neighbourhood comes Saturn. It is planet in the ascending order of moons.
well-known for the series of beautiful rings that circle it. 1. Earth 2. Jupiter
They are made up of tiny bits of frozen dirt and ice. Like 3. Pluto 4. Uranus
Jupiter, Saturn is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium.
5. Saturn
It is smaller though, at only ninety-five times the size of
(a) 3,1, 4, 5,2 (b) 1,3,4 2,5
Earth. Saturn has sixty-two moons.
(c) 1,4,3,5,2 (d) 4,1,3,5, 2
The seventh planet, Uranus and its twenty-seven moons
orbit very far from the sun. In addition to helium and 5. The Kuiper belt is an area of rocks, dust, and ice
hydrogen, Uranus atmosphere also contains ammonia ice that ............ .
and methane ice. It is a very cold planet, with no internal (a) is between Jupiter and Saturn
(b) is beyond Pluto
heat source. One of the strangest things about Uranus is
(c) includes Pluto
that it is tipped over and orbits the sun on its side at a
(d) surrounds Saturn’s rings
ninety-degree angle. The twenty-seven moons it has orbit
from top to bottom, instead of left to right like our moon. 6. ................... is the name of a band of rocks, dust
The eighth planet is Neptune. Like Uranus, it is made up and ice lying beyond Neptune.
of hydrogen, helium, ammonia ice and methane ice. But (a) Asteroid belt (b) Great red Spot
unlike Uranus, Neptune does have an inner heat source, (c) Kuiper belt (d) Gas giants
just like Earth. It radiates twice as much heat as it 7. Which of the following options list the planets
receives from the sun. Neptune’s most distinctive quality without any internal heat source?
is its blue colour. Most of the information we know about (a) Jupiter and Uranus (b) Earth and Neptune
it came from the Voyager 2 spacecraft passing close by it (c) Saturn and Pluto (d) Jupiter and Saturn
in 1989.

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COMPREHENSION 5

8. A synonym of ‘faint’ used in paragraph 2 is .......... . Since the adoption of the first Geneva Convention 150
(a) indistinct (b) slight years ago, international humanitarian law has become a
(c) muffled (d) unconscious central pillar of the international legal order. Ultimately
its provisions serve to protect our key characteristic as
9. A synonym of ‘circle’ used in paragraph 3 is .......... . human beings: our humanity. This is an irrevocable right.
(a) group (b) rotate (c) band (d) surround It is based on the belief, forged over centuries and in all
10. A synonym of ‘tipped’ used in paragraph 4 is ........ . our cultures, according to which it is essential to lay down
(a) topped (b) tilted rules if we want to prevent wars from degenerating into
(c) poured (d) presented barbarism. It is up to our generation to consolidate these
achievements and to create an institutional framework to
11. Pick the option showing the correct use of
ensure these rules are respected. If it is to be fully
‘churning’ as used in the passage.
effective, the law needs suitable instruments. Never in
(a) Programme-makers seem irresponsibly about
churning out violence. the history of humankind have we been closer to a
(b) The churning, pressing crowds made her feel solution than we are today.
claustrophobic. 1. How did the International humanitarian law
(c) I had my driving test that morning and my change between 1977 and 2005?
stomach was churning.
(a) It abolished use of biological and chemical weapons
(d) Guided by the churning within the planet, the crust
(b) It abolished use of cluster munitions
of the Earth has been in a constant state of flux.
(c) It abolished use of anti-personnel mines
(d) All of the above
Passage 2 (Discursive)
2. When and why were the Geneva Conventions
Today’s wars have little in common with the battles of the adopted?
19th century. The fighting has gradually moved from
(a) 1949; to prevent wars from taking place
clearly defined battlefields to populated areas. Traditional
(b) 1977-2005; to preserve humanity during wars
war between armies of opposing states is an exception, (c) 1949; to preserve humanity during wars
while non-international conflicts have become the norm. (d) 100 years ago; to prevent wars from taking place
Nowadays, civilians bear the brunt of armed conflicts.
3. The International Humanitarian Law has led to
International humanitarian law has adapted to this
change. Appalled by the destruction and suffering caused 1. Ban of certain weapons
by the Second World War, states agreed in the four 2. Protection of war countries
Geneva Conventions of 1949 on comprehensive 3. Providing treatment to the wounded
protection for those who are not or are no longer 4. Prosecution of war crimes
participating in hostilities— wounded and sick soldiers, (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
prisoners of war and civilians. This cornerstone of (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
international humanitarian law was supplemented in 4. Based on your understanding of the passage,
1977 and 2005 by three additional protocols. The use of choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
certain weapons, such as biological or chemical weapons, the data in the passage.
cluster munitions and anti-personnel mines is now widely
1. The ICC supports the International
outlawed. The law has placed barriers to protect the most Humanitarian Law in its functioning.
vulnerable from the brutality of war. Its implementation
2. Humanity is the central basis of the
has also seen a certain amount of progress, such as in the International Humanitarian Law.
training of soldiers or in the prosecution of the worst war
3. The International Humanitarian Law lacks
crimes, thanks in particular to the founding of the mechanism of effective compliance.
International Criminal Court (ICC).
4. There is a difference between traditional war
Nevertheless, regular serious breaches of international and wars that take place today.
humanitarian law are a cause of suffering. Underlying it (a) 1,2,3,4 (b) 4,2,1,3
all is our collective failure. The contracting states (c) 3,2,1,4 (d) 1,4,2,3
undertook in Article 1 — common to the four Geneva
Conventions of 1949 — “to respect and to ensure respect” 5. Which of the following have the contracting states
for these conventions “in all circumstances.” undertaken in Article 1 in all circumstances?
International humanitarian law has, since its conception, (a) Ensure that the conventions are implemented.
lacked mechanisms for encouraging effective compliance. (b) Affirm that the conventions will not be violated.
This impotence has often meant death and destruction (c) To respect and to ensure respect for the conventions.
for those affected by war. (d) None of the above

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6 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

6. The significant change that the Geneva Wherever narrative is necessary to explain, connect, and
Conventions of 1949 brought about was that the supply, I furnish it to the best of my abilities; but in the
countries agreed to protect the people who were no chronological series of Johnson’s life, which I trace as
longer fighting the war. distinctly as I can, year by year, I produce, wherever it is
in my power, his own minutes, letters, or conversation,
Which of the following categories of people did it
being convinced that this mode is more lively, and will
include?
make my readers better acquainted with him, than even
(a) Prisoners of war and civilians most of those were who actually knew him, but could
(b) Wounded and sick soldiers know him only partially; whereas there is here an
(c) Both (a) and (b) accumulation of intelligence from various points, by
(d) None of these which his character is more fully understood and
7. The International Humanitarian Law believes illustrated.
that……… Indeed I cannot conceive a more perfect mode of writing
(a) Humanity is the central pillar of existence any man’s life, than not only relating all the most
(b) It is essential for all countries to follow it in all important events of it in their order, but interweaving
circumstances what he privately wrote, and said, and thought. Had his
(c) It is essential to lay down rules to prevent wars other friends been as diligent and ardent as I was, he
from degenerating might have been almost entirely preserved. As it is, I will
(d) The law needs sustainable instruments to be venture to say that he will be seen in this work more
effective completely than any man who has ever yet lived.
8. What does the word ‘irrevocable’ mean in And he will be seen as he really was, for I profess to write,
paragraph 4? not his panegyric, which must be all praise, but his life;
(a) irascible (b) unchangeable which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to
(c) irreparable (d) irresponsive be entirely perfect. To be as he was, is indeed subject of
panegyric enough to any man in this state of being; but in
9. Pick the option showing the correct use of every picture there should be shade as well as light, and
‘cornerstone’ as used in the passage.
when I delineate him without reserve, I do what he
(a) This study is the cornerstone of the whole research
himself recommended, both by his precept and his
programme.
example, as quoted below.
(b) The cornerstone of that ideology is the doctrine of
judicial independence, to which we now turn. ‘‘If the biographer writes from personal knowledge, and
makes haste to gratify the public curiosity, there is danger
(c) The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of
lest his interest, his fear, his gratitude, or his tenderness,
nationality remains a cornerstone of unification.
overpower his fidelity, and tempt him to conceal, if not to
(d) All of the above
invent.’’
10. The phrase ‘bear the brunt’ means 1. It can be inferred from the passage that
(a) Acting as a main force Dr Johnson ......... .
(b) Suffer the worst
(a) wrote many biographies
(c) Most deeply effected (b) wrote his own autobiography
(d) To absorb the attack (c) was against writing his autobiography
11. What does the word ‘forged’ mean in paragraph 4? (d) did not want the author to write about him
(a) imitated/fake (b) broken 2. Dr Johnson would probably have agreed that ....... .
(c) established (d) barricaded (a) a biography tends to over-praise
(b) an autobiography is always misleading
Passage 3 (Literary) (c) an autobiographer is the greatest authority on his
own life
Had Dr Johnson written his own life, in conformity with (d) All of the above
the opinion which he has given, that every man’s life may
be best written by himself; had he employed in the 3. According to the passage, the author goes through the
preservation of his own history, that clearness of various letters, conversations and minutes to ……
narration and elegance of language in which he has (a) give a correct chronology of Johnson
embalmed so many eminent persons, the world would (b) to illustrate Johnson’s characteristics with utmost
precision
probably have had the most perfect example of biography
(c) to write a perfect biography
that was ever exhibited. (d) to present his thought in his works

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COMPREHENSION 7

4. Based on your understanding of the passage, Passage 4 (Narrative)

choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
the data in the passage. Like their ancient toga-wearing counterparts, modern
1. The author does not want to flatter Dr.
philosophers continue to disagree on the nature of
Johnson. freewill. Do we really have any control over the choices we
2. Dr. Johnson was an expert biographer.
make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?
3. The author desires to interweave the personal Theories of freewill vary, but the ancient words of Plato
life of Johnson with his works. still line up with our modern perceptions of temptation
4. The author follows the recommendations of and willpower. The revered Greek philosopher argued
Dr. Johnson. that the human experience is one of constant struggle
(a) 1,3,2,4 (b) 2,3,1,4 between the intellect and the body, between rationality
(c) 4,3,2,1 (d) 1,2,3,4 and desire. Along these lines, true freedom is only
achievable when willpower unchains us from bodily, emotional,
5. Whom does the author blame for his inability to instinctual slavery. You can find similar sentiments throughout
preserve Dr. Johnson? world religions, most of which offer a particular and often
(a) Dr. Johnson’s friends difficult path to rise above our darker natures.
(b) Dr. Johnson’s family
(c) Dr. Johnson himself And science? Well, science mostly agrees with all of this.
(d) Cannot say Willpower is all about overcoming your natural impulses
to eat cupcakes, skip your morning workout, flirt with the
6. The author does not want to write a panegyric waiter, hit the snooze alarm and check your e-mail during
because a funeral. Your willpower, however, is limited. If life were
(a) he feels that it would not be a perfect biography a video game, you’d see a glowing “willpower” or “ego”
(b) he feels that it would harm dr. johnson’s meter at the top of the screen next to your “life” meter.
reputation
Successfully resist one temptation, and the meter depletes
(c) he believes that dr. johnson was not perfect
(d) he believes that only dr. johnson’s friends would
a little. The next temptation depletes the “willpower”
do so meter even more, until there’s nothing left at all.
Our modern scientific understanding of willpower in
7. How can a person know more about Dr. Johnson?
large part stems from a 1996 research experiment
(a) By talking to his friends
involving chocolate and radishes. Psychologist Roy
(b) By reading his letters and conversation
Baumeister led a study in which 67 test subjects were
(c) By reading about his lectures
(d) By reading the biographies written by him
presented with tempting chocolate chip cookies and other
chocolate-flavored treats before a persistence-testing
8. The word ............ is a synonym of ‘panegyric’ used puzzle. Here’s the catch: The researchers asked some of
in paragraph 4. the participants to abstain from sweets and snack on
(a) eulogy (b) myth radishes instead.
(c) portrait (d) fame Baumeister’s results told a fascinating story. The test
9. When the author of the passage states that “in subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes
every picture there should be shade as well as performed poorly on the persistence test. They simply
light,” he means to highlight didn’t have the willpower left to resist slacking off.
(a) Praise as well as criticism The resulting paper, “Ego Depletion: Is the Active Self a
(b) Flattery and flaws Limited Resource?” inspired more than a thousand
(c) Good as well as bad qualities additional studies discussing everything from the
(d) Highs and lows of life influence of positive messages to the ego-sapping power of
10. In paragraph 1, the word ............ means daily decisions.
‘preserved someone or something in an unalterable Studies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our
state’. ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity
(a) perfect (b) preservation is essentially your working memory, which you employ
(c) frozen (d) embalmed when resisting a temptation ... or holding a string of
numbers in your head. A 1999 study from the University
11. In paragraph 4, the word ............ means ‘describe
of Iowa professor Baba Shiv found that people tasked with
or portray precisely’. remembering a two-digit number held out better than
(a) perfectly (b) tilted people remembering a seven-digit number when tempted
(c) delineate (d) precept with chocolate cake.

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8 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

1. What do you understand by ‘freewill’? There was a time some five centuries back, when books as
(a) The choices we make and the things we desire we know them today did not exist, and when there were
(b) The choices that philosophers force us to make few people who could read things written on stuff which
(c) Our perception of temptation certainly was not paper. At that time our ancestors used
(d) Our ego rocks, pillars and parchment with a view to recording and
perpetuating their most important thoughts and
2. According to Plato, when is true freedom available?
achievements in the language they then understood.
(a) When there is a struggle between the intellect and
the body Nowadays, the book-producing machinery gives to the
(b) When our willpower helps us to overcome our base works of every great scientific thinker, poet or philosopher
instincts the character of permanence, reproduces in attractive
(c) When we desire that which we cannot achieve forms old and rare manuscripts and caters to the differing
(d) When we have no control over our ego tastes of millions of people for whom book-reading is an
extremely pleasant, intellectual exercise.
3. In the second paragraph, what does the expression
‘line up’ signify? Moreover, the high percentage of literacy, the growth of
(a) Align with (b) Disagree with libraries in towns and villages and the tendency of
(c) Differ from (d) In discussion with intellectuals to have their own private collection of useful
books, have given birth to a number of big publishing
4. What is meant by ‘cognitive capacity’?
houses with branches in many parts of the world and
(a) Willpower
publications numbering thousands.
(b) Our ego
(c) Our ability to overcome temptation In recent years, paperbacks have begun to reveal their
(d) The desire to give in to temptation attraction for the reading public, and although they have
not completely thrown into neglect the hard cover
5. From the RC given above, find a synonym for markets, they have appealed to people who would not
‘respected’? have thought of buying books not so very long ago. These
(a) Cognitive (b) Temptation paperbacks are generally reprints of popular fiction or of
(c) Desire (d) Revered
established classics or translations from foreign works
which are in constant demand at all bookstalls.
Factual Passages 1. For the majority of people, book-reading is ……… .
Read the following passages carefully and answer the 1. an enjoyable intellectual exercise
questions that follow. 2. a boring job
3. not interesting
Passage 1 (a) Only 2 (b) Only 3
(c) Only 1 (d) 2 and 3
The kingdom of books is as vast as the universe, for there
is no corner of it which they have left unexplored. There 2. Books are helpful for …………… .
is no dearth of books on any topic, be it as simple as the 1. reporting research results
composition of sodium nitrate or as intricate as the 2. spread progressive view on vital matters
mechanism of a spacecraft. Books report the fruits of our 3. advancement of civilisation
research in various fields of knowledge, and spread our 4. studying for exams
progressive view on matters which are of vital concern to (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
our fellow beings. (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Only 4
In fact, no single product of human labour has been as
3. Which of the following have contributed to the
helpful to the advancement of civilisation as books, which
growth of publishing houses?
are written in all languages of the world and are
(a) High literacy
decoratively placed in bookshelves in our homes and
(b) Growth of libraries
tastefully displayed in bookstall and libraries. If to Keats, (c) People’s desire to have their own collection
works of ancient poets like (d) All of the above
Homer were realms of gold from which he derived much
joy as well as inspiration, to the modern lover of books, the 4. Which has been one of the most helpful product
of human labour to the advancement of
labours of all geniuses, including those of Keats, are
civilisation?
mines of inestimable intellectual wealth which he goes on
(a) Books (b) Publishing houses
exploring for the sake of his mental and spiritual
(c) Paper (d) Spacecraft
advancement.

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COMPREHENSION 9

5. Popular paperbacks are generally reprints of …… . A study at a restaurant setting showed that when pasta
(a) popular fiction was served in different portion sizes on different days,
(b) scientific researches people ate larger amounts on being served larger portions,
(c) spacecraft mechanism regardless of the taste. Also, studies show that people do
(d) non fiction not adjust or eat less in subsequent meals if they have
already had larger portions.
6. Which of the following is/are not an advantage of
paperbacks? Technically a portion means the amount of food you
1. They are easily available. choose to eat at one time – at a restaurant, from a
2. They have overtaken hand cover market.
package, or at home. A ‘serving’ size indicates the calories
and nutrients in a certain serving listed under a product’s
3. They appeal to people who would not have
bought books otherwise. ‘nutrition facts’ or a single unit or commonly regarded
unit of food. The serving size is not the recommended
4. They are durable.
amount to be eaten.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
(c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4 Sometimes, the portion size and serving size match;
sometimes they don’t. For example, one slice of bread
7. The book producing machinery has facilitated ....… . equals one serving of bread. But the number of slices you
(a) making printing easy eat would be the number of portions you have eaten, so if
(b) providing permanence to the works of scientists, you have eaten two slices, you have consumed two
philosophers and thinkers
portions.
(c) printing paperbacks
(d) None of the above So how do we recognise what’s the right amount of food
to eat on a regular basis? Learn to recognise standard
8. The word ……… in para 2 means ‘Ornamentally’. serving sizes as they help you judge how much you are
(a) Fancifully (b) Tastefully eating. It may also help to compare serving sizes to
(c) Decoratively (d) None of these common objects.
9. ‘Displeased’ is an antonym of the word ……… in
1. How do portions and sizes vary?
the passage.
(a) Appealed (b) Pleased
(a) From country to country
(b) From community to community
(c) Enjoyed (d) Delighted
(c) From developed economies to developing
10. The word ……… in the passage is an antonym of economies
‘Retreat’. (d) All of the above
(a) Advancement (b) Abandon
2. According to the passage, what is central to the
(c) Backward (d) March
concept of nutritional science?
(a) Portions and sizes
Passage 2 (b) Nutritional value of food
There’s no concept of good or bad food in nutrition (c) Calorie intake
science. What matters is the amount of food you (d) Variability of food items
consume, something that can be measured in terms of 3. According to the passage, which of the following
portion or size of serving. Portions and sizes vary from statements are TRUE?
country to country and community to community. Large 1. Portion sizes are increasing.
portions are commonly consumed in the advanced
2. Developed economies have larger portions of
economies while smaller size portions are found mostly in food.
developing economies of Africa and Asia. 3. Portion varies from community to community
Incidentally, portion sizes have undergone a considerable only.
change over the years and continue to do so even today. 4. People adjust the size of meals regularly.
The trend, in general, has been towards consuming larger (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
and larger food portions (expanding waistlines are proof (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
of this). The human mind seems to count the number of 4. According to the passage, the problem with human
portions rather than the portion size. mind is that it
For example, when people say they have only one (a) counts calories intake
chapatti for lunch or dinner, they rarely discuss its size. (b) does not consider portion size
Short-term studies have also shown that people eat more (c) prefers smaller portions
when confronted with larger portion sizes. (d) wants everything in excess

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10 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

5. What shows that portion sizes are increasing? Alternatively, we could go to the cinema, some three
(a) A survey report weeks after the match, to see a two-minute capsule in the
(b) A study conducted at a restaurant Indian News Review that preceded the feature film.
(c) Expanding waistlines of people It is not that there was no technology available to make
(d) Health disorders life a little more rewarding. Yet, in 1971, when BS
6. What do people do in subsequent meals after they Chandrasekhar mesmerised the opposition and gave
consume large portion sizes for one meal? India its first Test victory at the Oval, there was no TV,
(a) They skip the next meal except in Delhi.
(b) They eat less in the next meal Those were the bad old days of the shortage economy
(c) They do not eat less in subsequent meals when everything, from cinema tickets to two-wheelers,
(d) They count the calories they have consumed had a black market premium. Telephones were a
7. According to the data given in the passage, which particular source of exasperation. By the 1970s, the
of the following is NOT CORRECT? telephone system in cities had collapsed. You may have
possessed one of those heavy, black bakelite instruments
(a) Africa and Asia have smaller portions of food.
(b) Larger food portions means larger consumptions.
but there was no guarantee of a dial tone when you picked
(c) After larger food portions are consumed people opt up the receiver. The ubiquitous ‘cable fault’ would render
for smaller portions. a telephone useless for months on end.
(d) Portion sizes always match. What was particularly frustrating was that there was
8. The word ‘confronted’ as used in the passage, can precious little you could do about whimsical public
be replaced by services. In the early 1980s, when opposition MPs
(a) challenged (b) addressed complained about dysfunctional telephones, the then
(c) faced (d) attacked Communications Minister CM Stephen retorted that
phones were a luxury and not a right. If people were
9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of dissatisfied, he pronounced haughtily, they could return
‘serving’ as used in the passage. their phones.
(a) The number of prisoners serving life sentences has
fallen. Inefficiency was, in fact, elevated into an ideal. When
(b) He is eating one serving of pasta. capital-intensive public sector units began running into
(c) He is serving on a warship in the Pacific. the red, the regime’s economists deemed that their
(d) There was only one girl serving customers. performance shouldn’t be judged by a narrow capitalist
yardstick. The public sector, they pronounced, had to
10. Which of the following words cannot replace exercise ‘social’ choices. ‘India’, wrote Jagdish Bhagwati
regardless as used in the passage? (one of the few genuine dissidents of that era), “suffered
(a) Despite (b) Notwithstanding the tyranny of anticipated consequences from the wrong
(c) Whatever (d) Ignoring
premises.”
11. What is the recommended amount of food to be
1. The narrator felt dispirited as his team .......... .
eaten?
(a) was the number one team of the world
(a) It is the portion size and not the serving size
(b) could not perform as per people’s expectations
(b) It is the serving size and not the portion size
(c) could not play even 100 overs
(c) It is measured in terms of slices of bread
(d) performed like professionals
(d) It is to be decided by the individual
2. BS Chandrasekhar played a crucial role in making
Passage 3 India register ............ .
(a) its complaint to the match referee
Last week was spent glued to TV, watching India getting
(b) itself as a Test playing team
thrashed by a rejuvenated England at Lord’s. Like most
(c) its first Test win at the Oval
Indians, I too was dispirited by India’s inability to live up
(d) its humiliating loss at the Oval
to its reputation as the number one team. But at least
there was the immense satisfaction of watching the 3. How does the passage describe the telephone?
match live and even listening to BBC’s good-humoured 1. Fashionable 2. Unpredictable
Test Match Special on Internet radio. 3. Faulty 4. Luxury
It was such a change from my schooldays when you had to 5. Whimsical
tune in to a crackling short wave broadcast for (a) 1,2,3 (b) 2,3,4
intermittent radio commentary. (c) 3,4,5 (d) 2 and 3

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COMPREHENSION 11

4. Which of the following statements is CORRECT as Passage 4

per the passage?
(a) The public services needed a revolution in the A dance which is created or choreographed and
author’s childhood. performed according to the tenets of the Natya Shastra is
(b) There was a great transparency in public services. called a classical dance. The two broad aspects of classical
(c) The author of the passage as a grown up did not dancing are the tandava and the lasya. Power and force
have access to technology. are typical of the tandava; grace and delicacy, of the
(d) The telephone lines were great during the author’s lasya. Tandava is associated with Shiva, and lasya with
childhood. Parvati. Dance which is pure movement is called nritta,
5. Telephones were a source of exasperation because and dance which is interpretative in nature is called
.......... . nritya. The four main schools of classical dancing in
(a) cable faults made telephones unusable India are Bharat Natyam, Kathakali, Manipuri and
(b) the telephone system in cities had collapsed Kathak.
(c) the telephone instruments were heavy Bharatanatyam is the oldest and most popular dance form
(d) there was no guarantee of a dial tone when you of India. Earlier, it was known by various names. Some
picked up the receiver called it Bharatam, some Natyam, some Desi Attam and
6. The author calls his schooldays as ‘bad old days’ some Sadir. The districts of Tanjore and Kanchipuram in
because ............ . Tamil Nadu were the focal points in the development of
(a) almost everything had a black market Bharat Natyam. It was danced as a solo performance by
premium devadasis (temple dancers) on all auspicious occasions.
(b) things were too costly Later, kings and rich people lent their patronage to it and
(c) his teachers would not distribute anything under it started shedding its purely sacred character.
welfare schemes The dancer is directed by the natuvanar, who is a
(d) he could not get a handsome amount of pocket musician and, invariably, a teacher. Another musician
money
plays the cymbals. The music for Bharatsnatyam is
7. The problem with the public services as per the from the Carnatic School of music. The mridangam (a
author was drum), played on both sides with the hands, provides the
(a) inaccountability (b) inefficiency rhythm.
(c) corruption (d) haughtiness
The home of Kathakali is Kerala. Kathakali literally means
8. The word in paragraph 2 which means the same as ‘story-play’. It combines music, dance, poetry, drama and
‘occurring at intervals’ is ............ . mime. Its present form has evolved out of older forms
(a) ubiquitous such as Ramanattam and Krishnanattam.
(b) exasperation Kathakali dance-dramas last from dusk to dawn. The
(c) mesmerised artistes use elaborate costumes; mask-like make-up and
(d) intermittent towering head-dresses. The dancers are all males. Female
9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of roles are usually played by boys. There is no stage - a few
‘whimsical’ as used in the passage. mats are spread on the ground for the audience to sit on.
(a) Despite his kind and whimsical air, he was a The only ‘stage-lighting’ is a brass lamp fed with coconut
shrewd observer of people. oil.
(b) The whimsical imagery of Martinez’s work plays Two singers provide the vocal music. The chenda, a large
on colour and shape.
drum, which is beaten on one side with two slender
(c) Love is whimsical and temperamental.
curved sticks, is an integral part of the Kathakali
(d) All of the above
performance. A metal gong, a pair of cymbals and another
10. In paragraph 6, the word ........... is the antonym of drum complete the orchestra. Besides providing the beat,
‘lowered’. they are also the means by which all the sound-effects are
(a) promoted (b) denigrated created.
(c) elevated (d) deemed
1. What is the Natya Shastra?
11. Which word in the passage means same as (a) A scientific study of classical dance
‘Condensed version’ ? (b) The science of dances
(a) Elevated (b) Intermittent (c) Shiva’s sacred thread
(c) Dispirited (d) Rejuvenated (d) None of the above

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12 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

2. When did Bharat Natyam start shedding its purely Passage 5

sacred character?
(a) When the devadasis stopped dancing
The power of our body to fight against various disease
(b) When it was danced as a solo performance producing agents is known as defence mechanism. This
(c) When kings and the rich patronised it defence mechanism depends upon various factors which
(d) When they used Carnatic music can be categorised mainly into two types-common factors
and special factors.
3. Which of the following lists the elements not
present in Kathakali?
Amongst the common factors, the most important is the
health of human beings. For keeping good health, one
1. Drama 2. Costume
should take a nutritious balanced diet. A balanced diet is
3. Mime 4. Stage
that which contains carbohydrates, fat, proteins, vitamins
5. Dance 6. Tabla in proportionate amount.
(a) 4 and 6 (b) 1,2,3
(c) 3,4,5 (d) 1 and 3 The skin saves us against many micro-organisms
producing diseases, provided that it is intact. In case
4. Bharatnatyam is most popular in there are cuts or abrasions on it, the micro-organisms
(a) Kerala (b) Tanjore penetrate the body through those cuts and abrasions and
(c) Kanchipuram (d) Both (b) and (c) can cause diseases. Therefore, a cut or an abrasion
5. Which two schools of classical dance are described should never be left open. In case there is no bandage
in the passage? available, it may be covered by a clean cloth.
(a) Bharatanatyam and Kathak Some bacteria reside on and inside the human body. They
(b) Kathak and Kathakali do not cause any disease and by their presence they do
(c) Bharatanatyam and Kathakali not allow disease-causing organisms to settle on those
(d) Manipuri and Kathak places. The human body secretes a variety of fluids, which
6. In which drama form the dancers are all males? are killers for disease causing micro-organisms. For
(a) Bharatanatyam (b) Kathakali instance, gastric juice (acidic in nature) secreted by our
(c) Desi Attam (d) Lasya intestinal tract kills all organisms which enter our body
through food.
7. Kathakali, it can be said is a, ……… dance form.
There are a few automatic activities of our body known as
(a) male dominated (b) female dominated
(c) stage performative (d) street performative ‘reflex phenomenon or action’, which protects the body
against many infections. This reflex phenomenon
8. The phrase ‘focal point’ indicates includes sneezing, coughing and vomiting.
(a) origin
Fever is one of the most important constituents of the
(b) popularity
defence mechanism of our body. The organ which
(c) teaching center
(d) home to popular dancers
regulates the temperature of our body is known as
hypothalamus and is situated in the brain. When
9. The word invariably in the passage denotes micro-organisms after entering the body release toxic
(a) the temporary nature products and these reach the brain through blood, the
(b) the unchanging nature hypothalamus starts increasing the temperature of the
(c) the domination body and the person gets fever.
(d) the usual
This fever is very useful for the human body because due
10. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of to the increase of temperature, the micro-organisms
‘serving’ as used in the passage. which are the root cause of the problem get killed. We are
(a) She’s got a beautiful slender figure. living in an environment which is full of bacteria. Many of
(b) A slender hope still flickered within him. these bacteria can produce serious diseases, but all of us
(c) These claims are based on slender evidence. do not suffer from such diseases. It is due to a special
(d) The builders have perched a light concrete dome
power present in our body to fight these diseases, known
on eight slender columns.
as innate immunity.
11. Which of the following words is the synonym of In a nutshell, we can say that since nature has provided
‘delicacy’ in paragraph 1? us with defence mechanism to fight against so many
(a) Mouth-watering (b) Weakness diseases, let us maintain it or rather increase it by way of
(c) Difficulty (d) Fineness
immunisation.

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COMPREHENSION 13

1. One should have a nutritious balanced diet to ........ . 9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
1. keep healthy word ‘abrasion’.
2. ensure that recommendations of a dietician are (a) The abrasion is slow and steady.
followed (b) Nutan had a small abrasion on her knee.
3. have essential items (c) Abrasions are for one and all.
(d) I like abrasion very much.
4. enjoy all tastes
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 10. The word .............. in para 6 means the same as
(c) Both 2 and 3 (d) Only 4 poisonous.
(a) serious (b) toxic
2. The defence mechanism of the human body ….… .
(c) immunity (d) regulates
(a) checks body deterioration
(b) ensures wear and tear of the body 11. The word ‘innate’ means ………… .
(c) saves us from depression (a) instinctive (b) intuitive
(d) protects us from diseases (c) inborn (d) acquired
3. The power of our body to fight against various
diseases producing agents is called ……… . Discursive Passages
(a) defence mechanism (b) health
(c) immunisation (d) fever Passage 6
4. Why should a cut or abrasion never be left open? These days, it is not unusual to see people listening to
1. It causes pain. music or using their electronic gadgets while crossing
2. It causes itching. busy roads or travelling on public transport, regardless of
3. Micro-organisms penetrate the body and can the risks involved. I have often wondered why they take
cause disease. such risks: is it because they want to exude a sense of
4. It grows deeper. independence, or is it that they want to tell the world to
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 stop bothering them? Or is it that they just want to show
(c) Only 3 (d) Only 4 how cool they are?
5. Reflex phenomenon includes ……… . Whether it is a workman or an executive, earphones have
(a) sneezing (b) coughing become an inseparable part of our lives, sometimes even
(c) vomiting (d) All of these leading to tragicomic situations. The other day, an
6. Which of the following statements is/are NOT electrician had come to our house to fix something. We
TRUE as per the passage. told him in detail what needed to be done. But after he
left, I found that the man had done almost nothing. It
1. Hypothalamus is situated in liver.
later turned out that he could not hear our directions
2. The power to fight the diseases is called innate
immunity.
clearly because he had his earphones on.
3. Fever is one of the most important constituents Hundreds of such earphones addicts commute by the
of our defence mechanism. Delhi Metro every day. While one should not begrudge
4. We should never increase our defence mechanism anyone their moments of privacy or their love for music,
by immunisation. the fact is ‘iPod oblivion’ can sometimes be very
(a) Both 1 and 4 (b) Both 2 and 3 dangerous. Recently, I was travelling with my wife on the
(c) Only 2 (d) Only 3 Delhi Metro.
7. Few automatic activities of our body are known as Since the train was approaching the terminus, there
……… . weren’t too many passengers. In our compartment, other
(a) immunity than us, there were only two women sitting on the
(b) defence mechanism other side of the aisle. And then suddenly, I spotted a
(c) reflex action duffel bag.
(d) balanced diet The bomb scare lasted for several minutes. Then
8. The word ‘balanced diet’ in para 2 means ……… . suddenly, a youth emerged from nowhere and picked up
(a) fair the bag. When we tried to stop him, he looked at us,
(b) equitable surprised. Then he took off his earpieces, lifted the bag,
(c) varied type of food having nutritious value and told us that the bag belonged to him and that he was
(d) stable going to get off at the next station.

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14 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

We were stunned but recovered in time to ask him where 9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
he was all this while? His answer: he was in the ‘stunned’ as used in the passage.
compartment, leaning against the door, totally immersed (a) The animals are stunned before slaughter.
in the music. He had no clue about what was going on (b) The robber stunned the guard by banging him on
around him. When he got off, earplugs in his hand, we the head.
could hear strains of the song. (c) Many cinema-goers were stunned by the film’s
violent and tragic end.
1. The reason for people listening to music or using (d) The impact of the ball had stunned her.
their electronic gadgets while crossing busy roads
or travelling on public transport is that they ......... . 10. The word …… in the passage is an antonym of absorb.
(a) exude (b) bothering
(a) do not want to be disturbed
(c) commute (d) stunned
(b) want to show how fashionable they are
(c) want to show their independence 11. The synonym of ‘absorbed’ used in paragraph 4 is
(d) All of these ............ .
(a) recovered (b) immersed
2. Why had the electrician done nothing? (c) stunned (d) soaked
(a) Because he hadn’t heard them.
(b) Because he was listening to music. Passage 7
(c) Because he was not interested in the job. I was lucky, I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and
(d) Because he couldn’t understand what needed to be
I started Apple in my parent’s garage when I was 20. We
fixed.
worked hard and in 10 years Apple had grown into a $ 2
3. The electrician had ............ . billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just
(a) done his job released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier
(b) done almost nothing and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you
(c) fixed the defective appliance get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew,
(d) understood what was to be done
we hired someone, who I thought was very talented, to run
4. Which of the following correctly lists the tone with the company and for the first year or so things went well.
which the author had written the passage? But then eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our
1. Humorous 2. Sarcastic Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out.
3. Serious 4. Informative What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone
5. Resentful and it was devastating.
(a) 1 and 5 (b) 2 and 4 I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I
(c) 3 and 5 (d) 1 and 4 had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down -
5. ‘iPod Oblivion’ can be defined as that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
(a) the popularity of music But something slowly began to dawn on me: I still loved
(b) the carelessness of people in metro what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed
(c) the carelessness of people while listening to music that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And
(d) the forgetfulness of people so I decided to start over.
6. The author says that we should not resent people I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired
............ . from Apple was the best thing that could have ever
happened to me. It freed me to enter one of the most
(a) indulging in their love for music
creative periods of my life. During the next 5 years, I
(b) wanting privacy
(c) Both (a) and (b)
started a company named NeXT and another company
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) named Pixar. Pixar went on to create the world’s first
computer Animated Feature Film, Toy Story, and is now
7. The bomb scare happened because the most successful animation studio in the world. In a
(a) it is was battered bag (b) no one came to claim it remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I
(c) it consisted of wires (d) it was suspicious looking returned to Apple and the technology we developed at
8. The passengers were stunned because ............ . NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance.
(a) the youth was careless I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I
(b) the bag contained a bomb hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting
(c) the youth had not been visible anywhere near the medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes
bag earlier life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m
(d) None of the above convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that
I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love.

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COMPREHENSION 15

1. What can be inferred from the line, “But something 9. What is the meaning of the Phrase ‘‘dropped the
slowly began to dawn on me”? baton”?
(a) He realised he still loved what he did. (a) Dropped the rod
(b) He realised he was a public failure. (b) Feeling of depression
(c) He realised that he had let down the other (c) Not sure of future
entrepreneurs. (d) Not living upto expectations
(d) He realised he wanted to return to Apple.
10. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
2. Getting fired from Apple was ……… . ‘falling out’ as used in the passage.
(a) the worst thing that ever happened to the author (a) The passengers came falling out when the bus
(b) a planned decision went down the hill.
(c) helpful to make him successful again (b) After falling out with her husband, she started
(d) the best part of his life living downstairs.
(c) Many rocks and lava were falling out from the
3. Pixar is credited for
volcano.
1. being the first animation studio. (d) Did you see people falling out from the pedestal?
2. creating the world’s first computer animated
movie. 11. Which of the following words in the passage is the
3. being a bigger company than Apple. synonym of ‘innovative’?
(a) Talented (b) Creative
4. buying NeXT.
(c) Patient (d) Devastating
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
Passage 8
4. Based on your understanding of the passage,
choose the option that lists the CORRECT Recently a particular brand of noodles was found to
sequence of the incidents in the passage. contain inadmissible levels of harmful substances in it.
But there is something else as important as the
1. The companies NeXT and Pixar were started.
controversy about harmful substances. It is that instant
2. Apple grew into a $2 billion company with over
noodles are not healthy for anybody, with or without lead
4000 employees.
and MSG. So we should have a simplified classification
3. The Macintosh was released.
system and scale for junk versus healthy food.
4. The company named Apple was started in the
narrator’s parents’ garage. Eating refined starch that is processed, dried and kept for
(a) 4, 1, 2, 3 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 months with the help of chemical preservatives is unlikely
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 1, 3, 2, 4 to be good for us. Its advertisements may be emotionally
moving, the brand ambassador highly credible and
5. What is the contribution of NeXT? the soupy noodles may taste good. But it is still not good
(a) It bought Apple. for you.
(b) It bought Pixar.
(c) It is the biggest software company. Of course, the noodles won’t kill you. Our diet today has
(d) The technology developed at NeXT is central to plenty of other unhealthy things as well. For instance,
Apple’s success. almost all Indian sweets are unhealthy, as are many of our
gravy ‘delicacies’.
6. What was the awful tasting medicine?
We have given up health benefits of food in favour of cost,
(a) Getting fired from Apple.
(b) Success of Pixar.
convenience or taste. Such compromises are acceptable
(c) Success of NeXT. only up to an extent. However, if done in excess, they can
(d) Apple’s purchase of NeXT. lead to major health problems such as obesity, heart
disease and diabetes.
7. What does this passage try to convey?
How does one limit unhealthy food then? The problem
(a) You should always do what you love.
comes when ‘junk’ is marketed as ‘healthy’. Our
(b) You should pursue a career which promises money.
advertising standards for food are extraordinarily lax.
(c) You should not fight with your employees.
Junk food manufacturers not only hide the nature of their
(d) None of the above
food, but also position their products as ‘healthy’
8. Which of the following words in the passage is an alternatives. Armed with advertisements of smiling
antonym of ‘ordinary’? mothers feeding bright-looking kids, we find junk being
(a) Extraordinary (b) Remarkable marketed as emotional nectar. Food, be it for
(c) Finest (d) Lucky nourishment or pleasure, has positive associations for us.

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16 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Any food is good and the kind of food doesn’t seem to 7. Why is it important to monitor our daily calories
matter. Perhaps this has developed from a time when intake?
India was poor and food was scarce. When we worked (a) Because physical labour has reduced.
twelve hours a day in the fields, we could eat and burn as (b) Because physical labour has increased.
many calories as we wanted. (c) Because it is good for health.
However, times have changed. Physical labour is (d) None of these
reducing and we don’t burn calories as easily. Hence, we 8. The word …… in para 2 is an antonym of ‘coarse’.
need to monitor our food intake carefully. If a big part of (a) processed (b) credible
our diet has to come from packaged food, we need to (c) refined (d) unlikely
understand and label it accordingly.
9. The word ‘delicacies’ in para 3 is closest in meaning
This will increase awareness about what we are eating to ………… .
and, over sometime, incentivise us as well as (a) delicate food (b) nutritious food items
manufacturers to move towards healthier foods. (c) costly foodstuffs (d) tasty foodstuffs
A healthy society will lead to lower healthcare costs,
10. Pick the correct meaning of the word ‘instant’ as
improved productivity at work and a better quality of life
used in the passage.
for citizens.
(a) Happening immediately.
1. Pick the statement that is TRUE as per the (b) An extremely short period of time.
passage. (c) A particular point in time.
(a) Instant noodles are not tasty. (d) Dried and can be prepared very quickly by adding
(b) All types of instant noodles are bad for health. hot water.
(c) Noodles are good for health. 11. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
(d) Instant noodles will slowly kill us. word ‘incentivise’.
2. The problem with advertisements of junk food is (a) I am glad to incentivise my friend Rohan.
that ……… . (b) He took the incentivise to make his dream come
1. they market junk food as healthy true.
(c) The employees were incentivised to push the sales
2. they are only half correct by the launch of the new rewards scheme.
3. they show smiling mothers (d) He incentivised a stone into a man.
4. they have misleading taglines
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2
Passage 9
(c) Both 3 and 4 (d) Only 4
If you’re addicted to coffee and doctors warn you to quit
3. We have given up health benefits of food in favour the habit, don’t worry and keep relishing the beverage,
of ……… . because it’s not that bad after all! In fact, according to a
(a) cost (b) convenience new study, the steaming cup of java even beats fruits and
(c) taste (d) All of these
vegetables as the primary source of antioxidants. A study
4. Our attitude towards food has its roots in the time by the University of Scranton states that coffee is the
when India ……… . number one source of antioxidants in the American diet,
(a) was a golden bird and both caffeinated and decaf versions appear to provide
(b) was poor and food was scarce similar antioxidant levels.
(c) when agriculture was predominant “Americans get more of their antioxidants from coffee
(d) was a British colony than any other dietary source. Nothing else comes close
5. Consequences of a healthy society include …… . to it.”, said the study’s lead researcher, Dr Joe Vinson,
(a) lower healthcare costs adding that high antioxidant levels in food and beverages
(b) improved productivity at work don’t necessarily translate into levels found in the body.
(c) better quality of life Antioxidants in general have been linked to a number of
(d) All of these potential health benefits, including protection against
heart disease and cancer, but Vinson said that the
6. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
benefits ultimately depend on how they are absorbed and
(a) All junk food are unhealthy.
utilised in the body.
(b) All instant noodles are unhealthy.
(c) Only the junk food in our diet is unhealthy. The researchers analysed the antioxidant content of more
(d) We compromise with food for its taste or than 100 different food items, including vegetables, fruits,
convenience. nuts, spices, oils and common beverages.

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COMPREHENSION 17

The data was compared to an existing US Department of 7. Potential Health benefits of coffee include
Agriculture database on the contribution of each type of Protection against ………… .
food item to the average estimated US per capita (a) liver and colon cancer (b) type 2 diabetes
consumption. The results were surprising. Coffee came (c) Parkinson’s disease (d) All of these
out on the top, on the combined basis of both antioxidants
8. Which of the following words in the first paragraph
per serving size and frequency of consumption. It
means the same as ‘enjoying’?
outranked popular antioxidant sources like tea, milk,
chocolate and cranberries. (a) Delighting (b) Steaming
(c) Relishing (d) Tasting
Of all the food and beverages studies, dates actually have
the most antioxidants of all based solely on serving size, but 9. Which of the following words in the second
since dates are not consumed at anywhere near the level of paragraph is the synonym of ‘associated’?
coffee, the drink comes as the top source of antioxidants, (a) Absorbed (b) Linked
Vinson said. Besides keeping you alert and awake, coffee (c) Joined (d) Utilised
has been linked to an increasing number of potential 10. Which word in the passage means ‘a molecule that
health benefits, including protection against liver and inhibits oxidation’?
colon cancer, type 2 diabetes and Parkinson’s disease, (a) protection (b) antioxidants
according to some recently published studies. (c) oxidants (d) beverages
The researchers, however, advised that one should
11. The word ‘possibilities’ means the same as the
consume coffee in moderation, because it can make you
word ……… given in the passage.
jittery and cause stomach pains.
(a) actually (b) linked
1. On what basis does coffee rank as the top source of (c) potential (d) frequency
antioxidants?
(a) Due to its consumption
(b) A study by the University of Scranton
Passage 10
(c) Because it is a primary source It is said that everyone lives by selling something. What
(d) Due to its potential health benefits you can understand by this statement is that teachers live
by selling knowledge, philosophers live by selling wisdom
2. Why have dates not made it the top of antioxidant
rich foods?
and priests earn their living by selling spiritual comfort.
Though it may be possible to measure the value of
(a) Due to their serving size
(b) Due to their low consumption
material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult
(c) Due to their low antioxidant level to estimate the true value of the services which people
(d) None of the above perform for us.
3. Potential health benefits of antioxidants include There are times when we would willingly give everything
……… . we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a
(a) protection against heart disease surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely the same
(b) protection against cancer service. The conditions of society are such that skills have
(c) Both (a) and (b) to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) shop. Everyone has something to sell.
4. Benefits of antioxidants depend on …… . Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.
(a) the quantity in which it is present Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse
(b) the way they are absorbed and utilised in the body the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.
(c) Both (a) and (b) They have nothing to sell and require nothing from
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice
their human dignity.
5. Other popular sources of antioxidants include ..… .
(a) tea (b) milk A tramp may ask you for money but he will never ask you
(c) chocolate (d) All of these to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead
the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
6. Why are dates not considered as the highest source He may never be sure where his next meal is coming
of antioxidants? from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which
(a) They are not consumed everywhere afflict other people. His few material possessions make it
(b) They are not consumed in a quantity anywhere possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By
near to coffee
having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world
(c) They are not readily available
of nature than most of us ever do.
(d) They have less amount of antioxidants than coffee

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18 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to keep himself 9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; ‘afflict’ as used in the passage.
but he will never sacrifice his freedom. (a) There are two main problems which afflict people
with hearing impairments.
We often speak with contempt for tramps and put them in
(b) They return to afflict the living, so they have to be
the same class as beggars. But how many of us can
sent packing.
honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their
(c) You shall not afflict any widow or fatherless child.
simple way of life and their freedom from any care in the (d) I wish you wouldn’t afflict me with your constant
world? complains.
1. Which of the following is difficult to judge? 10. Which word in paragraph 3 is the antonym of
(a) The actual value of services given by people ‘unconsciously’?
(b) The actual value of material goods (a) Purposefully (b) Occasionally
(c) Both (a) and (b) (c) Deliberately (d) Specifically
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
11. Which word in passage means same as ‘feel
2. Which of the following are not selling services? aggrieved about’ ?
(a) A surgeon (b) A teacher (a) Anxieties (b) Grude
(c) A priest (d) None of these (c) Spiritual (d) Envious
3. According to the passage, which of the following
correctly lists the qualities of a tramp? Literary Passages
1. Anxious 2. Tranquil
3. Independent 4. Traveler Passage 11
5. Beggarly
Travel is a bug that was in me when I was born, probably
(a) 1 and 5 (b) 2 and 3
inherited from my father. In 24 years of travelling widely
(c) 1,3,4 (d) 2,3,4
through India, I have been most fascinated by those little
4. How is a beggar different from a tramp? islands that dot the Bay of Bengal off the East Coast of
(a) A beggar sell but tramps don’t. India. Yes, I am talking about the Andaman Islands.
(b) Beggars do not travel but tramps are always on the Andamans somehow seemed almost sinister, with images
move. of being haunted, bleak and scary, until my parents
(c) Beggars don’t know when they will eat their
actually returned from a trip to Port Blair and told us
next meal but tramps find a means to earn their
meals. about these serene islands.
(d) All of the above We immediately awaited the first opportunity to take a
break and check them out. Finally, the D-Day came and
5. What is the advantage of being a tramp?
we were all ready. We boarded the aircraft and, to our
(a) You sacrifice your dignity.
surprise, found that there were several empty seats. On
(b) You are free from the worries which burden
enquiry, we learnt that all supplies to the Andamans
normal persons.
(c) You are not sure where your next meal will be found. including newspapers and meat go from the mainland,
(d) All of the above and so there is always more cargo and less people.
Port Blair airport is a small, old airport that was
6. What will a tramp never give up?
constructed in 1947. On my way to the hotel, I noticed
(a) His unemployment (b) His possessions that there are none of the usual auto-rickshaws that
(c) His dignity (d) His worries
noisily wend their way through most Indian towns. There
7. Why will a tramp not want you to feel sorry for was only one traffic signal in the entire town and the
him? roads were more up and down than level. This was all
(a) It will cost him his dignity. surprising for a person like me who has lived in the
(b) He had made this choice. coastal towns of Chennai and Mumbai.
(c) He wants to be self-sufficient.
The colour of the sea was an unpolluted blue, a colour
(d) He wants to be free from worldly boundations.
that I had not seen in any of the beaches in India. It was
8. Which of the following words is the synonym of calm and beautiful. I was thrilled with the fact that we
‘estimate’ in paragraph 1? were going to spend 10 entire days there. All we had to do
(a) Calculate (b) Evaluation was sit in the open restaurant, look at the sea, enjoy the
(c) Appraisal (d) Determine cool breeze and feel good.

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COMPREHENSION 19

The Andaman Islands are a group of several islands, so 8. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
most of our sightseeing was by boats. There are a total of word ‘boarded’ as used in the passage.
more than 356 islands there. Even the oldest boatman, (a) I was the last to board the tourist bus.
Rathnam, had seen only 200 of them. I figured that 10 (b) I felt board when I went to Denmark.
days was surely not enough to get a full picture of this (c) Einstein was boared in his school classes.
place, so I started to store every sight, every sound and (d) Did you took my board today?
every smell. The sound and light show at the jail sent a
shiver down my spine. (This trip was before the movie 9. Which of the following words in the passage is the
‘Kalapani’ was released). The realisation that those who antonym of ‘contaminated’?
fought for our independence had lived, struggled, (a) Unpolluted (b) Adulterated
suffered and even died here, left an impact. (c) Cleaned (d) Unspoiled

1. One thing that left a major impact on the author 10. What is the meaning of the phrase ‘sent a shiver
was ………… . down my spine’?
(a) Feel very frightened (b) Feel very excited
(a) the serenity of the place
(c) Feel very relaxed (d) None of these
(b) the wholesome experience
(c) vastness of the islands 11. The synonym of ‘sinister’ in the first paragraph is
(d) the realisation that freedom fighters had lived, ………… .
struggled and died there. (a) threatening (b) left side
2. Pick the option that is NOT TRUE as per the (c) benign (d) good
passage.
1. The narrator liked travelling. Passage 12
2. There were no empty seats in the aircraft. A poor farmer lived with his wife and son in a small
3. The Port Blair Airport is small. village. One day, exhausted by the heat, he lay down
4. The Andaman Islands are a group of Islands. under the shadow of a tree to take a nap. All of a sudden
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 he saw a giant cobra crawling out of an ant hill. The
(c) 3 and 4 (d) Only 4 farmer thought to himself, “Surely this snake must be a
deity guarding my field. So far I have not noticed it and
3. What was the author’s initial impression about the
that is why all my farming is in vain. Let me pay my
Andaman Islands?
respects to it now and worship it thereafter.”
(a) They were beautiful and serene.
(b) They were uninhabitable. He then made up his mind, brought some milk in a bowl
(c) They were sinister, haunted and scary. and placed it before the ant hill. He said aloud, “O lord
(d) They were difficult to explore. guardian of my field! I did not know you dwell here.
Please forgive me for not paying respects to you.”
4. The airport at Port Blair was built in ………… .
(a) 1947 (b) 1847 He left the milk bowl there and went back to his house.
(c) 1948 (d) 1940 The next morning, he was surprised to see a gold coin in
the bowl. Since then the farmer placed a bowl of milk
5. Where are Andaman Islands located? every day and got back a gold coin the next morning. Soon
(a) In the Arabian Sea (b) In the Bay of Bengal the farmer became rich and happy.
(c) In the Indian Ocean (d) In the Atlantic Ocean
One day the farmer had to go to a nearby city for a few
6. How many islands constitute Andaman Islands? days and so he directed his son to place the milk bowl
(a) 200 (b) More than 356 near the ant hill every day. The son kept the milk bowl
(c) 350 (d) Less than 356 and left, only to find a gold coin the next day. He then
7. What is the historical significance of Andaman thought to himself, “This ant hill must be full of gold
Islands? coins: I‘ll kill the serpent and take all of them.”
1. They were centre of trade and commerce. The next day, while placing the bowl of milk, the farmer’s
2. They have the maximum number of tribal son struck the snake with a club. But the serpent escaped
population. and bit him with its sharp fangs instead. He was dead at
3. They were used as centre for scientific research. once. When the farmer returned, he learnt about his son’s
fate and grieved. The next morning, he took the bowl of
4. They had the infamous Kalapani jail where
freedom fighters were imprisoned by the British. milk and went to the ant hill.
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2 The snake came out and said, “Your greed made you
(c) 3 and 4 (d) Only 4 overlook even the loss of your son. Your son struck me in

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20 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

ignorance and I had bitten him to death. I cannot forget 8. The word ‘deity’ in para 1 means ………… .
the blow on my head and you cannot forget the loss of (a) guard (b) sentry
your son. Hereafter, the friendship between us is not (c) divine being (d) idol
possible.” The snake gave a costly coin and disappeared.
9. The word ‘exhausted’ in para 1 is an antonym of
The farmer returned home cursing the foolishness of his
………… .
son.
(a) started (b) finished
1. Based on your understanding of the passage, (c) fresh (d) invigorated
choose the option that list the CORRECT sequence 10. The word ………… in para 4 means the same as
of the occurrence of incedents in the passage. ‘instructed’.
1. The farmer brought some milk in a bowl. (a) ordered (b) directed
2. A giant cobra was seen by the farmer. (c) commanded (d) kept
3. The farmer’s son placed a bowl of milk near the
ant hill.
11. Pick the option that CORRECTLY lists the final
feelings of the farmer.
4. The snake was struck with a club.
1. Annoyance 2. Contentment
(a) 2, 4, 1, 3 (b) 2, 1, 3, 4
3. Repentance 4. Joy
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
5. Empathy
2. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the (a) 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 4
word ‘directed’ as used in the passage. (c) 1 and 5 (d) 1 and 3
(a) The administrator has direct access to all the files
on every computer.
(b) One’s educational level has a direct effect on one’s
Passage 13
income. “Did you see that?” Joe said to his friend Bill.
(c) Which is the most direct route to Chandni Chowk? “You’re a great shooter!”
(d) The Principal directed the teachers to make online
videos for their students. Bill caught the basketball and bounced it before throwing
it again. The ball flew into the net.
3. What did the farmer do to worship the cobra? “Bill, you never miss!” Joe said admiringly.
(a) Built a temple
“Unless I’m in a real game,” Bill complained.
(b) Performed a puja
(c) Put a bowl of milk “Then I miss all the time.”
(d) Erected an idol of the cobra Joe knew that Bill was right. Bill performed much better
when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than
4. What did the cobra give in return of the milk? he did when he was playing for the school team in front of
(a) A gold coin (b) A gold chain a large crowd.
(c) A gold ring (d) A gold axe
“Maybe you just need to practice more,” Joe suggested.
5. What did the farmer’s son thought on seeing the “But I practice all the time with you!” Bill objected.
gold coin?
He shook his head. “I just can’t play well when people are
(a) Someone else must be keeping the coin. watching me.”
(b) The ant hill must be full of gold.
“You play well when I’m watching,” Joe pointed out.
(c) The cobra is not friendly.
(d) None of the above “That’s because I’ve known you since we were five years
old,” Bill said with a smile.
6. What did he do to get all the gold? Joe nodded and understood, but he also had an idea. The
(a) He requested the cobra to give him all the gold. next day Joe and Bill met in the school yard again to
(b) He stole all the gold from the ant hill.
practice. After a few minutes, Joe excused himself.
(c) He tried to kill the cobra.
“Practice without me,” Joe said to his friend. “I’ll be back
(d) None of the above
in a minute.”
7. What message does this passage convey? Joe hastened through the school building, gathering
1. Greed never pays. together whomever he could find—two students, a math
2. You should never befriend a cobra. teacher, two secretaries, and a janitor. When Joe
3. Humans and animals cannot be friends. explained why he needed them, everyone was happy to
4. We should worship cobras. help. Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 toward the school’s basketball court. As Joe had hoped,
(c) Only 3 (d) Only 4 Bill was still practicing basketball. He made five baskets in
a row without noticing the people standing behind him.

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COMPREHENSION 21

“Hey, Bill!” Joe called out finally. Bill turned. A look of 9. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
surprise came over his face. ‘objected’ as used in the passage.
“I just wanted to show you that you could play well with (a) He stood up and objected in strong language.
people watching you,” Joe said. “Now you’ll have nothing (b) The director objected to the cuts ordered by the censor.
to worry about for the next game!” (c) She objected to this invasion of her personal space.
(d) All of the above
1. What would be the best title for the literary
passage? 10. The word ………… in the given extract can be
replaced by hurried.
(a) Bill Joins the Team
(b) Practice Makes Perfect (a) Hastened (b) Excused
(c) Bill Wins the Big Game (c) Bounced (d) Pointed
(d) Bill’s Basketball Problem 11. In what situation, bill can’t play well?
2. What problem does Bill highlight about his (a) When its raining
basketball skills? (b) When many people are watching him
(c) When he has stomach ache.
(a) He plays better in practice than he does during games.
(d) When some one cheats
(b) The school yard is not a good place to practice.
(c) Joe watches him too closely when he plays.
(d) His team loses too many games because of him.
Passage 14
Archimedes with his lever desired a place to stand that he
3. Which of the following characteristics can you might move the world of matter. [William Lloyd] Garrison
associate with Joe? with his paper, having found a place for his feet,
1. Kind 2. Confused demonstrated speedily his ability to push from its solid
3. Encouraging 4. Friendly base the world of mind. His plan was very simple, viz., to
5. Intelligent 6. Knowledgeable reveal slavery as it then existed in its naked enormity, to
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 6 the conscience of the North, to be “as harsh as truth and
(c) 4 and 5 (d) Both (a) and (c) as uncompromising as justice.” And so, week after week,
4. Why does Bill play well when Joe is watching him? he packed in the columns of the Liberator facts, the most
(a) He is comfortable with Joe. damning facts, against slaveholders, their cruelty and
(b) Joe tells him how to play better. tyranny. He painted the woes of the slaves as if he, too,
(c) He does not know that Joe is there. had been a slave. For the first time the masters found a
(d) He wants to prove to Joe that he is a good player. man who rebuked them as not before had they been
rebuked. Others may have equivocated, but this man
5. Why does Joe decide to gather a group of people? called things by their proper names, a spade, a spade, and
(a) Because he wants more players for his team.
sin, sin. Others may have contented themselves with
(b) Because he wants to help Bill feel less nervous.
denunciations of the sins and with excuses for the sinner,
(c) Because he wants to show them his talent.
as a creature of circumstances, the victim of ancestral
(d) Because he wants more people to see the next game.
transgressions, but this man offered no excuses for the
6. At the end of the story, all of the following people slave-holding sinner. Him and his sin he denounced in
watch Bill practice EXCEPT language, which the Eternal puts only into the mouths of
(a) Administrative staff His prophets.
(b) a janitor
It was, as he had said, “On this subject I do not wish to
(c) a math teacher
think, or speak, or write, with moderation.” The strength
(d) the basketball coach
and resources of his mother-tongue seemed to him wholly
7. Why does the group have to be quiet when they go inadequate for his needs, to express the transcendent
to the basketball court? wickedness of slave-holding. All the harsh, the stern, the
(a) Because Joe is telling Bill what to do. terrible and tremendous energies of the English speech
(b) Because they do not want Bill to know they were he drew upon, and launched at slaveholders. Amid all of
there. this excess of the enthusiast there was the method of a
(c) Because Bill likes to practice alone. calculating mind. He aimed to kindle a conflagration
(d) Because the group needs to listen to Joe’s because he had icebergs to melt. “The public shall not be
instructions.
imposed upon,” he replied to one of his critics, “and men
8. Which of the following words can replace the word and things shall be called by their right names. I retract
‘complained’ as used in the passage? nothing, I blot out nothing. My language is exactly such as
(a) Resented (b) Cribbed suits me; it will displease many, I know; to displease them
(c) Lamented (d) Protested is my intention.”

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22 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

He was philosopher enough to see that he could reach the 5. Garrison said that slaveholders were all of the
national conscience only by exciting the national anger. It following EXCEPT:
was not popular rage, which he feared but popular apathy. (a) generous (b) robbers
If he could goad the people to anger on the subject of (c) murderers (d) Oppressors
slavery he would soon be rid of their apathy. And so week
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the
after week he piled every sort of combustible material,
sentence?
which he was able to collect on board the Liberator and
(a) Garrison thought that only the South was
lighting it all, sent the fiery messenger blazing among the
responsible for slavery.
icebergs of the Union. (b) Garrison wanted slaves to rise up on their own and
Slaveholders were robbers, murderers, oppressors; they didn’t think they needed any help.
were guilty of all the sins. At the same moment that the (c) Garrison felt that people in the North were
reformer denied their right of property in the slave, he partially responsible because they were indifferent
attacked their character also, held them up in their to the plight of the slaves.
relation of masters to the reprobation of the nation and of (d) Garrison hated all white people.
mankind as monsters of injustice and inhumanity. The 7. What can be said about the works of Garrison?
tone which he held toward them, steadily, without (a) He writes scathing satires insulting the
shadow of change, was the tone of a righteous man slave-owners.
toward the workers of iniquity. The indifference, the (b) He writes as if he too had been a slave.
apathy, the pro-slavery sympathy and prejudice of the free (c) His works show deep hatred for humankind.
States rendered the people of the North hardly less (d) He writes for the independence of his nation.
culpable.
8. The word “conflagration” is closest in meaning to
1. According to the following sentence, what made (a) fire (b) shipwreck
William Lloyd Garrison different from other (c) mess (d) waterfall
abolitionists?
9. The phrase “aimed to kindle” is most similar to:
(a) He went onto Southern plantations and freed
slaves. (a) did not want to (b) worked against
(b) He worked in Congress to pass abolitionist (c) sat nearby (d) wanted to start
legislation. 10. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
(c) He didn’t make any excuses in his writings and ‘goad’ as used in the passage.
exposed the truth. (a) “I want somebody very goad, very safe , to plant
(d) He operated an underground railroad to help that gun, “ he told Clemenza.
slaves escape to the North. (b) The thought of exams next week is a great goad to
2. According to the passage, why was Garrison’s the students to work hard.
language so strong? (c) His opposition acted as a goad to her
(a) He had been a slave himself and wrote from determination to succeed.
experience. (d) All of the above
(b) He saw himself as a sort of Prophet and his 11. Which word in the passage is an antonym of
language was given to him by God. ‘wonderful’?
(c) He feared having the people being angry with him. (a) Stern (b) Tremendous
(d) He felt like he was the only person talking about (c) Terrible (d) None of these
this topic.
3. All of the following statements are true about Passage 15
Garrison’s intentions EXCEPT :
Among the vast number of men who have thought fit to
(a) He hoped that people would ignore his writings
and keep owning slaves write down the history of their own lives, three or four
(b) He wanted to provoke the national anger have achieved masterpieces which stand out
(c) He attacked the character of the slave-owners, preeminently: Saint Augustine in his Confessions,
showing them to be monsters Samuel Pepys in his Diary, Rousseau in his Confessions.
(d) He wanted people to react so that they wouldn’t be It is among these extraordinary documents, and
apathetic any more unsurpassed by any of them, that the autobiography of
Benvenuto Cellini takes its place.
4. Based on the context clues in the passage, what
was the Liberator? The life of himself which Cellini wrote was due to other
(a) A novel (b) A movie motives than those which produced its chief competitors
(c) A train (d) A pamphlet for first place in its class.

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COMPREHENSION 23

St. Augustines aim was religious and didactic, Pepys he had little idea that centuries after his death he would
noted down in his diary the daily events of his life for his live again, less by his statue of Perseus and his goldsmiths
sole satisfaction and with no intention that any one work than by the book which he dictated casually to a lad
should read the cipher in which they were recorded. But of fourteen, while he went about his work.
Cellini wrote that the world might know, after he was The autobiography was composed between 1558 and
dead, what a fellow he had been; what great things he had 1566, but it brings the record down only to 1562. The
attempted, and against what odds he had carried them remainder of Cellini’s life seems to have been somewhat
through. All men, he held, whatever be their condition, more peaceful. He died at Florence, May 13, 1571, and
who have done anything of merit, or which verily has a was buried in The Church of the Annunziata in that city.
semblance of merit, if so be they are men of truth and
good repute, should write the tale of their life with their 1. In the given passage, the author talks about
own hand. That he had done many things of merit, he (a) Cellini’s life
(b) Cellini’s competitors
had no manner of doubt. His repute was great in his day,
(c) Cellini’s autobiography
and perhaps good in the sense in which he meant
(d) Cellini’s literary works
goodness; as to whether he was a man of truth, there is
still dispute among scholars. 2. What CANNOT be inferred from this passage?
(a) Most of Cellini’s life was peaceful.
Of some misrepresentations, some suppressions of
(b) Cellini’s autobiography is not entirely truthful in
damaging facts, there seems to be evidence only too all respects.
good-a man with Cellini’s passion for proving himself in (c) Cellini was well-known during his day.
the right could hardly have avoided being guilty of such; (d) Cellini’s autobiography is full of self-love.
but of the general trustworthiness of his record, of the
kind of man he was and the kind of life he led, there is no 3. Which of the following lists the characteristics that
can be associated with Cellini?
reasonable doubt.
1. Narcissist 2. Courageous
The period covered by the autobiography is from Cellini’s 3. Criminal 4. Artistic
birth in 1500 to 1562; the scene is mainly in Italy and 5. Exploitative
France. Of the great events of the time, the time of the (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, of the strife (c) 4 and 5 (d) All of these
of Pope and Emperor and King, we get only glimpses. The
leaders in these events appear in the foreground of the 4. As described by the author, what is NOT true
about Cellini’s autobiography?
picture only when they come into personal relations with
(a) It focuses on the political events of the time.
the hero; and then not mainly as statesmen or warriors,
(b) It is one of the perfect example of a biography.
but as connoisseurs and patrons of art. Such an event as
(c) It gives the reader insight into the artistic and
the Sack of Rome is described because Benvenuto himself social life of the 16th century.
fought in it. (d) It tells us about Cellini’s exploits and achievements.
Much more complete is the view he gives of the artistic
5. Why does the author mention St. Augustine and Pepys?
life of the time. It was the age of Michelangelo, and in the
(a) They were Cellini’s competitors.
throng of great artists which then filled the Italian cities,
(b) They lived at the same time as Cellini.
Cellini was no inconsiderable figure. Michelangelo
(c) He compares their autobiographies to Cellini’s.
himself he knew and adored. Nowhere can we gain a (d) He compares their works to the works of Cellini.
better idea than in this book of the passionate enthusiasm
for the creation of beauty which has bestowed upon the 6. What was Cellini’s motive in writing his
Italy of the Renaissance its greatest glory. autobiography?
(a) to let other know what great things he had
Very vivid, too, is the impression we receive of the social accomplished
life of the sixteenth century; of its violence, of its zeal for (b) to teach his sculpture techniques
fine craftsmanship, of its abounding vitality, its versatility (c) to reach the optimum level of his own satisfaction
and its idealism. For Cellini himself is an epitome of that (d) to posit himself as a good man.
century. This man who tells here the story of his life was a 7. According to Cellini who should write
murderer - insolent, sensual, inordinately proud and autobiographies?
passionate; but he was also a worker in gold and silver, (a) Great men who can act as an inspiration.
rejoicing in delicate and subtle modelling of precious (b) Great men who had accomplished great things.
surfaces; a sculptor and a musician; and, as all who read (c) Great men who need to be remembered by the
his book must testify, a great master of narrative. Keen as future generations.
was Benvenutos interest in himself, and much as he loved (d) Great men who want to remind the world of their
to dwell on the splendor of his exploits and achievements, goodness.

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24 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

8. What do the words “these extraordinary Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not
documents” refer to? distributed genetically and thus is be found in children
(a) Historical books born to all classes, although his proposed system of
(b) the autobiographies of St. Augustine, Pepys, and selective public education for an educated minority of the
Rousseau population does not really follow a democratic model.
(c) Cellini’s autobiographies Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to
(d) All biographies be equally important forces to be cultivated in education,
9. What is the meaning of the words “unsurpassed the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and
by” as used in the passage? virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their
(a) better than (b) cannot be compared to students systematically, and that repetition be used as a
(c) equal to (d) unable to cross key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates emphasis
on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.
10. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of
He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and
‘repute’ as used in the passage.
practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he
(a) His Wessex - wide repute was among them alone.
(b) This repute seemed to give the new managers the
explicitly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music,
confidence to approach their bosses as resources. physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of
(c) A mountaineer of repute, whether local or not, is sciences, as well as play, which he also considered
conspicuous by his or her absence. important.
(d) Are you acquainted if only by repute with a Mr. During the Medieval period, the idea of Perennialism was
Landor who is a poet? first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De
11. Which word in the passage is synonym of ‘slight’? Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach
(a) Inconsiderable (b) Versatility those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all
(c) Vivid (d) Suppressions people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not
just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that
one should teach first about people, not machines or
Narrative Passages techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it
was only much later that a theory of secular perennialism
Passage 16 developed.
Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of During the Renaissance, the French skeptic Michel de
the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It Montaigne (1533-1592) was one of the first to critically
can be considered a branch of both philosophy and look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was
education. Education can be defined as the teaching and willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period,
learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, calling into question the whole edifice of the educational
judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the system, and the implicit assumption that
societal institution of education we often speak of. university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser
Many educationalists consider it a weak and woolly field, than uneducated farm workers, for example.
too far removed from the practical applications of the real 1. What is the difference between the approaches of
world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato Socrates and Aristotle?
and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much (a) Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop
thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their good habits in students; Socrates felt that students
work has helped shape the practice of education over the need to be constantly questioned
millennia. (b) Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates
emphasized on dialogic learning
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and
(c) There was no difference
education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his (d) Aristotle emphasised on the importance of paying
most important work on philosophy and political theory, attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized
written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather upon science
extreme methods: removing children from their mothers
care and raising them as wards of the state, and 2. Why do educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak
differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the and woolly’ field?
highest receiving the most education, so that they could (a) It is not practically applicable
(b) Its theoretical concepts are easily understood
act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He
(c) It is irrelevant for education
believed that education should be holistic, including
(d) None of the above
facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art.

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COMPREHENSION 25

3. What do you understand by the term ‘Perennialism’, 2. What pushes King to speak: “I have a dream”?
in the context of the given comprehension passage? (a) He reads out the Emancipation Proclamation
(a) It refers to something which is of ceaseless importance (b) He is prompted by Mahalia Jackson
(b) It refers to something which is quite unnecessary (c) He is overwhelmed by the crowd
(c) It refers to something which is abstract and (d) Licoln had asked him to give the speech
theoretical
(d) It refers to something which existed in the past 3. From the last paragraph, give one word for “to
and no longer exists now leave”
(a) Departed (b) Proclamation
4. Were Plato’s beliefs about education democratic? (c) Improvised (d) Address
(a) He believed that only the rich have the right to
acquire education 4. What is the name of Martin Luther King’s famed
(b) Yes speech?
(c) He believed that only a select few are meant to (a) The Emancipation Proclamation
attend schools (b) An Improvisation
(d) He believed that all pupils are not talented (c) A Peroration
(d) I Have a Dream
5. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education
which did not lay much emphasis on facts? 5. In front of whom does King speak?
(a) Facts are not important (a) The civil rights supporters
(b) Facts do not lead to holistic education (b) His friends
(c) Facts change with the changing times (c) Lincoln
(d) Facts are frozen in time (d) The Negroes

Passage 17 Passage 18
“I Have a Dream” is a public speech delivered by Today I Rabindranath Tagore complete eighty years of my
American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. life .As I look back on the vast stretch of years that lie
during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom behind me and see in clear perspective the history of my
on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism early development, I am struck by the change that has
in the United States and called for civil and economic taken place both in my own attitude and in the psychology
rights. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters of my countrymen– a change that carries within it a cause
from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, of profound tragedy.
D.C., the speech was a defining moment of the civil rights Our direct contact with the larger world of men was
movement. linked up with the contemporary history of the English
Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation people whom we came to know in those earlier days. It
Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863, King was mainly through their mighty literature that we
observes that: “one hundred years later, the Negro still is formed our ideas with regard to these newcomers to our
not free”. Toward the end of the speech, King departed Indian shores. In those days the type of learning that was
from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration served out to us was neither plentiful nor diverse, nor was
on the theme “I have a dream”, prompted by Mahalia the spirit of scientific enquiry very much in evidence.
Jackson’s cry: “Tell them about the dream, Martin!”. In Thus their scope being strictly limited, the educated of
this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners those days had recourse to English language and
and has now become its most famous, King described his literature.
dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of Their days and nights were eloquent with the stately
slavery and hatred. Jon Meacham writes that, “With a declamations of Burke, with Macaulay’s long-rolling
single phrase, Martin Luther King Jr. joined Jefferson and sentences; discussions centered upon Shakespeare's
Lincoln in the ranks of men who’ve shaped modern drama and Byron’s poetry and above all upon the
America”. The speech was ranked the top American large-hearted liberalism of the nineteenth-century English
speech of the 20th century in a 1999 poll of scholars of politics.
public address. At the time though tentative attempts were being made to
gain our national independence, at heart we had not lost
1. What issues does Martin Luther King’s speech address?
faith in the generosity of the English race. This belief was
(a) Continuation of racism
so firmly rooted in the sentiments of our leaders as to lead
(b) End to racism and civil and economic rights
(c) Civil rights
them to hope that the victor would of his own grace pave
(d) Civil War the path of freedom for the vanquished.

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26 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

This belief was based upon the fact that England at the The four elements of sportsmanship are often shown
time provided a shelter to all those who had to flee from being good form, the will to win, equity and fairness. All
persecution in their own country. Political martyrs who four elements are critical and a balance must be found
had suffered for the honour of their people were accorded among all four for true sportsmanship to be illustrated.
unreserved welcome at the hands of the English. These elements may also cause conflict, as a person may
I was impressed by this evidence of liberal humanity in desire to win more than play in equity and fairness and
the character of the English and thus I was led to set thus resulting in a clash within the aspects of
them on the pedestal of my highest respect. This sportsmanship.
generosity in their national character had not yet been This will cause problems as the person believes they are
vitiated by imperialist pride. About this time, as a boy in being a good sportsman, but they are defeating the
England, I had the opportunity of listening to the purpose of this idea as they are ignoring two key
speeches of John Bright, both in and outside Parliament. components of being sportsman like. When athletes
The large-hearted, radical liberalism of those speeches, become too self-centered, the idea of sportsmanship is
overflowing all narrow national bounds, had made so dismissed.
deep an impression on my mind that something of it
Today’s sporting culture, in particular the base of elite
lingers even today, even in these days of graceless
sport, places great importance on the idea of competition
disillusionment.
and winning and thus sportsmanship takes a back seat as
1. From the first paragraph, give a synonym for a result.In most, if not all sports, sportsmen at the elite
‘deep’: level make the standards on sportsmanship and no matter
(a) Perspective (b) Profound whether they like it or not, they are seen as leaders and
(c) Tragedy (d) Psychology role models in society.
2. What helped the Indians to conceive of a notion of Since every sport is rule driven, the most common
the Englishmen? offence of bad sportsmanship is the act of cheating or
(a) Their advanced weaponry breaking the rules to gain an unfair advantage. A
(b) Their literature competitor who exhibits poor sportsmanship after losing a
(c) Their orders game or contest is often called a “sore loser”, while a
(d) Their administration competitor who exhibits poor sportsmanship after
3. Who could read and gain from English literature? winning is typically called a “bad winner”. Sore loser
(a) The educated Indians behavior includes blaming others for the loss, not
(b) All the Indians accepting responsibility for personal actions that
(c) Only writers such as Rabindranath Tagore contributed to the defeat, reacting to the loss in an
(d) None of the above immature or improper fashion, making excuses for the
4. From the third paragraph, give an antonym for defeat, and citing unfavourable conditions or other petty
‘victorious’ issues as reasons for the defeat.
(a) Victor (b) Vanquished A bad winner acts in a shallow fashion after his or her
(c) Belief (d) Persecution victory, such as by gloating about his or her win, rubbing
the win in the face(s) of the opponent(s), and lowering
5. Whose speeches did Tagore listen to, as a boy?
the opponent(s)’s self-esteem by constantly reminding
(a) Shakespeare (b) Byron
(c) John Bright (d) Macaulay the opponent(s) of “poor” performance in comparison
(even if the opponent(s) competed well).
Passage 19 Not showing respect to the other team is considered to
being a bad sportsman and could lead to demoralizing
Sportsmanship can be conceptualised as an enduring and effects; as Leslie Howe describes: If a pitcher in baseball
relatively stable characteristic or disposition such that decides to pitch not to his maximum ability suggest that
individuals differ in the way they are generally expected to
the batter is not at an adequate level, [it] could lead to the
behave in sports situations. In general, sportsmanship
batter to have low self-confidence or worth.
refers to virtues such as fairness, self-control, courage,
and persistence, and has been associated with 1. It is necessary to strike a balance between all the
interpersonal concepts of treating others and being four elements of sportsmanship?
treated fairly, maintaining self-control if dealing with (a) No
others, and respect for both authority and opponents. (b) Yes
Sportsmanship is also looked at as being the way one (c) Any 2 can be balanced
reacts to a sport/game/player. (d) Only 1 is sufficient

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COMPREHENSION 27

2. Why has sportsmanship taken a backseat today? For most of its history, AI research has been divided into
(a) Due to lack of balance between the elements subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.
(b) Due to the emphasis on winning These sub-fields are based on technical considerations,
(c) Due to drug abuse such as particular goals (e.g. “robotics” or “machine
(d) None of the above learning”), the use of particular tools (“logic” or artificial
neural networks), or deep philosophical differences.
3. If one does not accept responsibility for one’s
Subfields have also been based on social factors
defeat, one is called a:
(particular institutions or the work of particular
(a) Sore loser
researchers).
(b) Bad winner
(c) Good sportsman The traditional problems (or goals) of AI research include
(d) Prudent sportsman reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning,
natural language processing, perception and the ability to
4. From the last paragraph, give the opposite of the
move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is
word ‘deep’:
among the field's long-term goals. Approaches include
(a) Competitor (b) Pitch
(c) Immature (d) Shallow
statistical methods, computational intelligence, and
traditional symbolic AI.
5. When does the spirit of sportsmanship die?
Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search
(a) When the sportsman becomes too self-centered
and mathematical optimization, artificial neural
(b) When the player loses the will to play
networks, and methods based on statistics, probability
(c) When the sportsman behaves badly
(d) None of the above
and economics. The AI field draws upon computer
science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy
and many others.
Passage 20
Artificial Intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine 1. What is the AI winter?
intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in (a) Loss of funding for AI projects
(b) Non-functioning AI systems
contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans
(c) Absence of research labs
and other animals. In computer science AI research is
(d) None of the above
defined as the study of “intelligent agents”: any device
that perceives its environment and takes actions that 2. Are sub-fields based only on social factors?
maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. (a) No
Colloquially, the term “artificial intelligence” is applied (b) Yes
when a machine mimics “cognitive” functions that (c) They are based on machine learning
humans associate with other human minds, such as (d) None of the above
“learning” and “problem solving”. 3. Learning and problem solving by machines is a
The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become colloquial way of understanding artificial
increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring intelligence?
“intelligence” are often removed from the definition, a (a) Yes
phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip, (b) No
“AI is whatever hasn’t been done yet”. For instance, (c) Artificial intelligence means acquiring knowledge
optical character recognition is frequently excluded from through books
“artificial intelligence”, having become a routine (d) It cannot be defined colloquially
technology. Capabilities generally classified as AI as of 4. Are autonomous cars an example of AI?
2017 include successfully understanding human speech, (a) Yes
competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (b) No
(such as chess and Go), autonomous cars, intelligent (c) As of 2017, they are
routing in content delivery network and military (d) None of the above
simulations.
5. Does AI only draw on technology and
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic mathematics?
discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced (a) Yes
several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment (b) No
and the loss of funding (known as an “AI winter”), (c) It also draws upon psychology
followed by new approaches, success and renewed (d) It only draws upon linguistics
funding.

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28 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Practice Exercise
Directions (Passage Nos. 1-50) Read the following by advances in seafaring technology and
passage carefully and answer the questions that follow agriculture, has led to overexploitation of fragile
with the help of given alternatives. ecosystems, introduction of invasive species, and
pollution, causing many extinctions. Scientists
Passage 1 have estimated the rate of extinction by studying
1. Human beings are in the process of dramatically the fossil record, monitoring existing species, and
reshaping the Earth’s ecosystems. As far back as using statistical models to estimate the number of
the 19th century, some scientists have noted that undiscovered species that have been lost.
the current era is defined mainly by the impact of Estimates vary, but most scientists believe that
human activity. Now, there is an emerging diverse species are going extinct at hundreds or
consensus among Earth scientists that we have thousands of times the natural rate. The
indeed entered a new period of geological time, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Anthropocene epoch. (IUCN), for instance, has found that, of species
surveyed on its “Red List”, about a fifth of all
2. Scientists who study the history of the Earth mammals and reptiles and nearly a third of
usually divide geological time according to major amphibians are in danger of extinction.
changes to the biology and climate of the Earth.
For instance, the ancient Cambrian period, some 5. This ongoing rapid loss of species has been
500 million years ago, is distinguished by a sudden described as a mass extinction, as severe as the
explosion in the diversity of life, including the event that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years
emergence of the ancestors of many modern ago. To some ecologists, this steep decline in
species. More recently, the Pleistocene epoch, biodiversity suggests that the Anthropocene epoch
which ended about ten thousand years ago, is began in the 17th and 18th centuries, when the
notable for the glaciers that swept over much of rate of extinction shot up dramatically.
the Earth. The new Anthropocene epoch would be 6. Human activity is also altering the climate as a
distinguished from all earlier times in Earth’s whole. Since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th
history by the dramatic impacts of human activity and 19th centuries, humans have significantly
on the Earth. altered the atmosphere by mining and burning
3. Though Earth scientists debate exactly when the fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Some
Anthropocene began, there is a clear consensus by-products of the use of these fuels, such as
that human changes to the environment are real carbon dioxide, are greenhouse gases that trap
and extreme. For one, many life forms have solar energy on Earth. To assess the impact of
become, and are becoming, extinct as a result of these greenhouse gases on the Earth, scientists
human activity. For this reason, some have had to investigate the history of the Earth’s
palaeontologists argue that the human impacts of climate. Ice cores, samples of ice layers that have
the Anthropocene began at the end of the last Ice trapped atmospheric chemicals over time, have
Age, around ten thousand years ago. The fossil supplied scientists with millennia of year-by-year
record indicates that around that time, many large information about greenhouse gas concentrations
animals, such as woolly mammoths and giant and atmospheric temperature.
sloths, went extinct shortly after humans arrived in 7. Evidence from ice cores clearly shows that the
their ranges. Their sudden disappearance suggests Industrial Revolution brought about a sudden jump
that habitat destruction and overhunting by in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, along with an
humans may have contributed to their demise. increase in temperatures. A scientific consensus
Indeed, many large animals, like elephants exists that this ongoing rise in temperatures has
and gorillas, are endangered for those same resulted in warming of the oceans, rising sea
reasons today. levels, and more frequent extreme weather events.
4. The pace of human-caused extinctions has only Thus, some climatologists propose that the
increased in the past several hundred years. The Anthropocene’s onset occurred with the Industrial
growth and spread of human populations, caused Revolution and its effects on Earth’s atmosphere.

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COMPREHENSION 29

8. Whenever the Anthropocene is judged to have 6. Based on the passage, the relationship between
begun, its impact is undeniable. Human activity carbon dioxide and ice cores is that
has changed the face of the planet; the global (a) carbon dioxide is extracted from ice cores to fuel
ecosystem has been and is being reshaped, the industrial processes.
composition of the atmosphere has been altered, (b) carbon dioxide destroys ice cores, leading to a loss
and even weather patterns are changing in of a source of information.
response to human activity. The consequences of (c) ice cores can be studied to track changes in
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
these changes will affect life on Earth for millions
(d) ice cores remove carbon dioxide from the
of years to come, leaving a mark of human activity atmosphere, reducing its effects on the climate.
that may well outlive humanity itself.
7. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
1. The main purpose of the passage is to word ‘propose’.
(a) respond to controversial claims made by rival (a) The applicants propose a dual test in respect of the
scientists. powers of compulsory acquisition.
(b) argue for potential solutions to the problems posed (b) He formally proposed to his childhood friend.
by climate change. (c) I tried to propose a truce between my friends but
(c) describe human impacts on the Earth’s they kept cutting me off while I spoke.
environment. (d) Before a Branch can become official, it must propose
(d) account for recent changes in global biodiversity. a constitution, and establish a bank account.
2. “........ there is a clear consensus.” Pick the option 8. Pick the option that correctly states what DOES
in which the meaning of consensus is not the same NOT happen as a result of human activity.
as it is in the passage. (a) Emergence of invasive species
(a) He was the first to break the consensus and (b) Creation of the Red List
criticise the proposal. (c) Emergence of the modern species
(b) The question of when the troops should leave (d) Extreme weather events
would be decided by consensus.
9. The passage most strongly suggests that.
(c) Consensus politics places a high value on existing
political institutions. (a) the recent increase in the extinction rate occurred
as a result of human-caused climate change.
(d) Failure to arrive at a consensus over the issue
(b) all extinctions currently taking place result from
raised the spectre of legal action.
human activity.
3. Based on your understanding of the passage, (c) some life forms are going extinct before being
choose the option that lists the correct sequence of discovered by humans.
the process that has lead to the present times. (d) modern extinctions are destroying the biodiversity
generated in the Cambrian period.
1. Glaciers swept over the planet
2. Dramatic impact of human activity 10. Which word in the passage is an antonym of
3. Explosion of diversity of life ‘disagreement’?
4. Extinction of woolly mammoths (a) Undeniable (b) Consequences
(c) Extinction (d) Consensus
5. Introduction of invasive species
(a) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 (b) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
(c) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Passage 2
1. When you grow up in a place where it rains five
4. The author’s tone of writing in this passage is that
months a year, wise elders help you to get
of
acquainted with the rain early. They teach you that
(a) an uncertain scientist
it is ignorant to think that it is the same rain
(b) a concerned observer
(c) a jaded sceptic falling every day. Oh no, the rain is always doing
(d) a dejected defeatist different things at different times. There is rain that
is gentle, and there is also rain that falls too hard
5. The purpose of the second paragraph is to and damages the crops. Hence, the prayer for the
(a) provide a broad description of the Earth’s sweet rain that helps the crops to grow.
history.
(b) compare the current geological epoch to the 2. The monsoon in the Naga hills goes by the native
Cambrian period. name, khuthotei (which means the rice-growing
(c) describe the origins of the majority of the Earth’s season). It lasts from May to early or mid-October.
biodiversity. The local residents firmly believe that Durga Puja in
(d) explain how scientists divide geological time. October announces the end of rain. After that, one

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30 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

might expect a couple of short winter showers, and 7. The urban population of school-goers and
the spring showers in March and April. Finally, office-goers naturally dislikes the monsoon and its
comes the “big rain” in May; proper rainstorms accompanying problems of landslides, muddy
accompanied by heart-stopping lightning and streets and periodic infections. For non-farmers,
ear-splitting thunder. the month of September can be depressing, when
I have stood out in storms looking at lightning arc the rainfall is incessant and the awareness persists
across dark skies, a light-and-sound show that can that the monsoons will last out till October. One
go on for hours. needs to have the heart of a farmer to remain
grateful for the watery days, and be able to
3. This is the season when people use the word sezuo observe–– from what seems to the inexperienced as
or suzu to refer to the week-long rains, when a continuous downpour ––– the many kinds of
clothes don’t dry and smell of mould, when fungus rain.
forms on the floor and when you can’t see the
Some of the commonly known rain-weeks are
moon or the stars because of the rainclouds. But
named after the plants that alternately bloom in
you learn not to complain. Rain, after all, is the
August and September. The native belief is that
farmer’s friend and brings food to the table. Rituals
the flowers draw out the rain.
and festivals centre around the agricultural rhythm
of life, which is the occupation of about 70 percent 8. Each rain period has a job to fulfil: October rain
of the population. helps garlic bulbs to form, while kumunyo rain
helps the rice bear grain. Without it, the ears of
4. The wise learn to understand its ways. I grew up
rice cannot form properly. End October is the most
hearing my grandfather say, “It’s very windy this
beautiful month in the Naga hills, as the fields turn
year. We’ll get good rain.” If the windy season was
gold and wild sunflowers bloom over the slopes, all
short and weak, he worried there might not be heralding the harvest. Prayers go up for protecting
enough rain for the crops. I learned the the fields from storms, and the rains to retreat
interconnectedness of the seasons from childhood, because the grain needs to stand in the sun and
and marvelled at how the wind could bring rain. ripen. The cycle nears completion a few weeks before
Another evening, many rainy seasons ago, my the harvest, and the rain does retreat so
paternal aunt observed the new moon and worried, thoroughly from the reaped furrows that the earth
“Its legs are in the air, we’re in for some heavy quickly turns hard. The months of rain become a
rain.” She was right. That week, a storm cut off distant memory until it starts all over again.
power lines and brought down trees and bamboos.
1. The rains are called after flowering plants because
5. Eskimos boast of having a hundred names for
(a) heavy rains kill plants.
snow. Norwegians in the north can describe all (b) flowers grow in the rainy season.
kinds of snow by an equal amount of names: (c) it is believed that the plants bring the rain.
pudder, powder snow, wet snow, slaps, extra wet (d) flowers grow all the year round.
snow, tight snowfall, dry snow, and at least 95
2. “…. some are passing into history.” Pick the option
more categories of snow. Likewise, in India we
in which the meaning of ‘passing’ is not the same
have names and names for rain. Some are as it is in the passage.
common, some are passing into history. (a) The pain increased until Julie was near passing
6. The rains are also called after flowering plants and out.
people believe that the blossoming of those plants (b) The funeral attendant was passing out tissues to
draws out rain. Once the monsoons set in, field all of the crying guests.
(c) Dust drifted down the road from a passing car.
work is carried out in earnest and the work of
(d) All of the above
uprooting and transplanting paddy in flooded
terrace fields is done. The months of hard labour 3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
are June, July and August. In August, as the choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
phrogu plant begins to bloom, a rain will fall. This the rain on the basis of month in which it starts to
when it ends.
August rain, also called phrogu, is a sign that the
time for cultivation is over. If any new grain seeds 1. January 2. October 3. May
are sown, they may not sprout; even if they do 4. August 5. April
sprout, they are not likely to bear grain. The rain (a) 3,2,4,1,5 (b) 3,4,2,1,5
acts as a kind of farmer’s almanac. (c) 1,3,2,4,5 (d) 5,3,1,2,4

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COMPREHENSION 31

4. The rain is like a calendar for farmers because 2. The traditional method of transporting organs by
(a) it tells them when to sow and when to harvest. road is referred to as a ‘green corridor’. This process
(b) it tells them the birthdays of their children. entails police escorting an ambulance, so as to move
(c) each month has a time for plantation. around traffic–usually a specific traffic lane is
(d) different kinds of rain tell different things. chosen and all signals on the route stay green to
ensure it to reach its destination in the shortest
5. People who live in cities don’t like rain because
possible time. A ‘green corridor’ is a route cleared
(a) it brings mud and sickness with it.
and cordoned off by the traffic police to ensure the
(b) they are not bothered about the farmers.
(c) they don’t like the plants that grow during the rain.
smooth and steady transportation of harvested
(d) going shopping becomes difficult. organs, on most occasions, to those awaiting a
life-saving transplant. Organs tend to have a very
6. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the short preservation time, such as the heart, which has
word ‘earnest’. to be harvested and transplanted within four hours
(a) In life's earnest battle they only prevail, who daily or the lungs, which can be preserved for only six
march onward and never say fail. hours once they are harvested.
(b) It is my earnest promise that you use this money to
continue you study of music. 3. The first green corridor in India was created by the
(c) He was in deadly earnest. Chennai Traffic Police in September, 2008 when
(d) As an earnest of my good intentions I will work they accomplished their task of enabling an
overtime this week. ambulance to reach its destination within 11 minutes
during peak hour traffic. That organ saved a nine
7. The narrator says that the people in the Naga hills
have agricultural rhythm of life. This means that year old girl whose life depended on the transplant.
(a) they are mostly farmers. 4. Similarly, such green corridors have been created
(b) their rituals and festivals are influenced by by Traffic Police of various cities such as Pune,
agriculture. Mumbai, Delhi NCR, etc. Personnel are stationed
(c) their lifestyle revolves around agriculture. at selected points to divert, control and clear the
(d) All of the above traffic giving way to the ambulance. Apart from
8. Pick the option that correctly lists the feelings of this, a motorcade of police vehicles accompanies
the writer with reference to rain in Naga hills. the ambulance ensuring that it does not face any
1. Satisfying 2. Nostalgic problems. Delhi Traffic Police provided a green
3. Enlightening 4. Disillusioning
corridor from IGI Airport to the Institute of Liver
and Biliary Sciences in Vasant Kunj for
5. Awe 6. Amusing
transportation of a liver. The distance of 14 kms
(a) 1,2,5 (b) 3,4,5
(c) 1,2,3 (d) 4,5,6
was covered in 11 minutes.
5. Experts point out the lack of a robust system to
9. People pray asking the rain to retreat because
transport organs to super-speciality hospitals in
(a) the fungus and mould need to dry.
least possible time. The National Organ and Tissue
(b) children don’t get a chance to play.
Transplant Organisation (NOTTO), the country’s
(c) the crops need the sun and heat to ripen.
(d) they like to pray.
apex organ donation agency, is now framing a
proposal to airlift cadaver organs and will send a
10. Which word in the passage means same as report to the Union Health Ministry. “Cadaver
calendar? organs have a short life and so transplant should
(a) Khuthfei (b) Almanac be done within a few golden hours.” Director
(c) Downpour (d) Kumunyo (NOTTO) expressed. “Therefore, we are preparing
a proposal for airlifting organs at any given moment.”
Passage 3 6. Most States do not have enough well-trained
1. Once an organ donor’s family gives its consent and experts to retrieve or perform transplant
the organs are matched to a recipient, medical procedures. Also, there is an acute shortage of
professionals are faced with the onerous challenge advanced healthcare facilities to carry out a
of transporting organs while ensuring that the transplant. So, it is referred to other big centres in
harvested organ reaches its destination in the Metropolitan cities. Organs retrieved from
shortest possible time. This is done in order to Aurangabad, Indore, Surat, Pune are sent to
preserve the harvested organs and involves the Mumbai as these cities do not have super-speciality
police and especially the traffic police department. healthcare centres, informed officials.

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32 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

7. “In India, about fifty thousand to one lakh patients (b) Mr. Froebel counseled that young children should
are suffering from acute heart failure and need play in nature, cordoned off from construction sites.
heart transplant at any point of time. In a private (c) All over town, bridges were closed and ferry service
interrupted resulting in downtown streets
set up, a heart transplant costs ` 15-20 lakhs,
cordoning.
which is followed up by post-operative medication
(d) All of the above
of about ` 30,000 per month lifelong.”
8. Most of the people do not go for heart transplant as
1. The first green corridor in India was created in (a) it is very risky.
(a) New Delhi (b) Chennai (b) it is very painful.
(c) Mumbai (d) Pune (c) it may cause death of the recipient.
2. “clear the traffic…..”Pick the option in which the (d) the cost is prohibitive.
meaning of ‘clear’ is the same as it is in the 9. Which of the following is NOT a problem faced in
passage. transplant procedures?
(a) As he said these words, his tones, so clear and (a) Lack of trained professionals
reverent, became mystical and inward.
(b) Expensive treatment
(b) Rain comes after sunshine, and after a dark cloud,
(c) Less time of organ transplantation
a clear sky.
(d) Shortage of transplant centres
(c) The clear and lively illustrations are in full colour.
(d) May I clear the plates off the table? 10. Heart retrieved from a body is alive for only
(a) two hours (b) three hours
3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
(c) four hours (d) five hours
choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
the process.
1. Harvesting the organ
Passage 4
2. Clearing and diverting traffic 1. The windless night filled our ears with
3. Airlifting, if required unaccustomed silence and the foul dryness of our
4. Allocating police vehicles with the ambulance mouths aggravated the discomfort of our sleepless
5. Stationing of personnels bodies as we tried to ease the agony of our thirst.
(a) 1,3,5,2,4 (b) 1,4,3,2,5 Then breathlessly, we watched the gathering
(c) 1,3,4,5,2 (d) 1,3,4,2,5 clouds obscure the stars and it began to rain with a
steady downpour. Slowly the water in the pipe
4. The writer says that cadaver organs have a very from the canopy ran clear and we filled our empty
short life. By cadaver he means cans and spare plastic bags, our bellies and our
(a) artificial (b) diseased mouths until we could not force down another
(c) preserved (d) corpse
drop. Suddenly, everything had changed from the
5. The organisation which is framing a proposal to shadow of the spectre of death to the joyful
airlift cadaver organs is prospect of life and all by a shower of rain. We had
(a) Union Health Ministry. water!
(b) Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant 2. Douglas, lazily watching the dispersing clouds,
Organisation.
suddenly sat up with a start, pointing excitedly. “A
(c) National Organ and Tissue Transplant
Organisation. ship! A ship! It’s a ship!” We all crowded to the
(d) State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation. door of the raft, staring in the direction of his
pointing finger; a cargo vessel of about 6000
6. The onerous task that the author is talking about tonnes was approaching us on a course that would
in para 1 is bring her within 3 miles of us. “Get out the flares”,
(a) finding organ donors.
I said hoarsely, “and pass them to me in the
(b) finding doctors capable of performing transplants.
dinghy. They all see us better from there.”
(c) to carry the harvested organ in the shortest
possible time. 3. Three miles was a fair distance, but on a dull day
(d) to arrange the requisite facilities for the transplant such as this, against a background of rain, they
should see us easily. I clambered into the dinghy
7. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
word ‘cordoned’.
and Douglas passed me the rockets and hand
(a) The entire region has been cordoned off by
flares; my hands trembled as I ripped open a
civil-defense workers, making Kalapana a parachute rocket flare and, with a mute appeal to
brand-new wasteland. the thing to fire, struck the igniter on the fuse.

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COMPREHENSION 33

It sputtered and hissed, then roared off on a the weakest go to the wall”, had now become our way of
trajectory high above the raft, its pinkish life. We would struggle and endure and, if our reflexes
magnesium flare slowly spiralling downwards were not as swift as the animals and fish around us, we
leaving a trail of smoke in the sky. They couldn’t had to be cunning and improve with practice.
fail to see it. I waited a moment or two, watching
1. The author killed the turtle as
for the ship to alter course, then struck a hand
(a) he liked to hunt
flare, holding it high above my head. The blinding
(b) he was feeling angry
red light was hot to hold and I pointed it away
(c) he was hungry and had nothing to eat
from the wind to ease my hand, the red embers of (d) he wanted to prove that he was brave
the flare dropping into the dinghy; as it went out, I
struck another, smoke from the first now a rising 2. “the foul dryness of our mouths aggravated….”
plume in the sky; surely they must see that! I Pick the option in which the meaning of
waited a little, my hands trembling. ‘aggravated’ is the same as it is in the passage.
(a) His bad temper was aggravated by his headache.
4. However, the ship sailed on, slowly disappearing (b) If he aggravated me any more I shall hit him.
behind a rain shower and, when she reappeared, (c) He aggravated a neck injury while playing for
her hull was half obscured by the horizon. My Derby County.
shoulders drooped. “We daren’t use another”, I (d) The disorder aggravated by the economic
said. “They won’t see it now and we have to keep depression of the 1930s.
something for the next one.” 3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
5. I surveyed the empty flare cartons bitterly, and the choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
one smoke flare which was damp and wouldn’t the feelings felt by the narrator.
work; then something happened to me in that 1. Hope 2. Discomfort
instant that, for me, changed the whole aspect of 3. Despair 4. Resilience
our predicament. If these poor bloody seamen 5. Anger
couldn’t rescue us, then we would have to make it (a) 1,3,5,2,4 (b) 2,1,3,5,4
on our own. The word from now on was, ‘survival’, (c) 3,1,2,4,5 (d) 5,2,3,1,4
not ‘rescue’, or ‘help’ or dependence of any kind, 4. The containers were filled with the rainwater as
just survival. We would live for three months or six they
months from the sea, but “We would get these (a) wanted to play with water
boys to land” as Lyn had said, and we would do it (b) did not have any work and wanted to pass their time
ourselves if there was no other way. (c) had to give the water to the men in the cargo vessel
6. Towards late afternoon, we felt an unusually hard (d) were thirsty and also wanted to save water for the
bump on the raft floor and we found ourselves gazing future
at the large scaly head of a turtle. The day before I 5. Why did the narrator feel bitter?
would have said, “Leave it, we can’t manage that”, (a) Because they could not be saved
but now things were different. “We’ll have this one”, (b) Because the things that would have got them
I said. “Let’s get it aboard the dinghy.” The turtle’s noticed were not useful anymore
flippers had become entangled in the sea anchor (c) Because they were tired and hungry
line, so, first passing a rope from the dinghy under (d) Both (a) and (b)
the raft, we made it fast to one of the back flippers, 6. The flares were used by the author to
then carefully avoiding the searching beak, freed the (a) get light as it was getting dark
turtle from the sea anchor rope and towed it around (b) cook the food
the raft to the Ednamair. With a bump and a (c) heat the water
thrashing of claws, the reptile lay on its back in the (d) get the attention of the other ship so that they
bottom of the dinghy. could be rescued
7. I plunged the knife into the leathery skin of the neck. 7. The author’s shoulders drooped when the cargo
Deep red blood spurted into the bottom of the dinghy ship reappeared as
and gradually, the beak and flippers ceased (a) he felt tired
thrashing as the beast died. Twenty-four hours (b) he realised that there was no chance of the cargo
previously, I would not have had the stomach for ship spotting them as it was very far off
such a bloody business, but the laws of survival (c) he was ill
applied and the first principle, “The fittest survive, (d) Douglas was not obeying his orders

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34 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

8. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the never taken investment seriously start reading
word ‘spectre’. business magazines, and catch up on bullish and
(a) The spectre of unemployment was always on his bearish trends in the market. Surprisingly, many of
mind. them become prudent about investment and offer
(b) The dread spectre of civil war looms over the a lot of advice to the so-called tyros. Listening to
country. music, attending music festivals, and participating
(c) These weeks of drought have once again spectred in musical activities, help to turn the focus from
widespread famine.
retirement to aesthetics. Many philanthropic
(d) Was he a spectre returning to haunt her?
Indians have been known to devote their attention
9. Pick the option that correctly states what DID NOT to social causes and have been known to form
happen after the writer fired the hand flares. clubs, which volunteer to help people. The sense of
(a) The ship disappeared away. deep satisfaction that one gets from this is
(b) The embers of the flare burned the writer absolutely incomparable. Developing a passion for
(c) The remaining rockets and flares got damp sports and evoking an interest in everything
(d) A feeling of bitterness engulfed the writer around you keeps you mentally healthy and
10. The turtle bumped into the author’s boat as emotionally fit.
(a) it did not see the boat 3. There is a decline in mental abilities as one ages
(b) its flippers got entangled in the sea anchor line and this is mostly an offshoot of certain
(c) the boat was going too fast while the turtle was pathological changes in the human brain. While
swimming slowly senior citizens become more mature in judgment,
(d) the turtle was asleep and the boat hit it
the ability to recall things declines. Doing
11. What does Douglas handed over to the narrator crossword puzzles, solving things mentally and a
when he climbed dinghy? conscious effort to relate and recall can greatly
(a) Rockets (b) Hand flares alleviate this decline. Aging is only in the mind:
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these you are as old as you want to be. Reading spiritual
books and committing the Saint Kabir’s shlokas to
Passage 5 memory is a wonderful exercise for the human
1. Even before you are aware of it, retirement is brain, for it emphasises the fact that nothing, no
around the corner and with it comes a sense of matter however difficult, is unconquerable. A
apprehension, trepidation and maybe a sense of positive attitude and a desire to learn as many new
anticipation. The first few days when you acquire things as possible is the key to a full and happy
the status of a Senior Citizen are full and the life. Many computer institutes in India conduct
consequences of retirement have yet to sink in. A computer courses for Senior Citizens and they are
month passes and time hangs heavily, and in a able to use the Internet, send e-mails all over the
sense you feel lost, but a change in attitude can world, store information relating to investments
alter all that. The Indian government has given and handle their bank accounts. There are limited
many concessions to Senior Citizens and it would job openings for Senior Citizens but, ideally, they
do you good if you focused on the advantages should take a job only if they have to.
rather than the disadvantages. Even at a personal 4. Exercise, yoga and meditation keep Senior Citizens
level, you can think of it as a new beginning rather in good physical condition, as then they are less
than an end of a phase. Look around you, wake up prone to ailments, which tend to dog their footsteps
to the things around you, have a new perspective once they have crossed 60. Physical conditioning
and find time for all those things that you earlier augurs emotional and mental well-being. Exercise
wanted to do but could never get done. tones muscles, improves circulation of blood,
2. Books and reading are all time favourite hobbies to reduces stress and wards off depression. Joints
indulge in. In India, subjects such as astrology, remain flexible, the risk of arteriosclerosis is
tarot reading and palm reading have attracted reduced, and muscle and bone loss is drastically
many. So serious do these Senior Citizens become reduced. In India, many old people have taken to
that you would never guess they were novices. doing pranayama on a regular basis.
Heated discussions, as well as debates on politics 5. For Senior Citizens, this is a period of growth and
and religion have also engrossed quite a few. Then the proper time to attain the riches that life has to
there is this small segment which focuses on offer. This is the time in their lives when they can
economy and finance. Many Indians who have live their lives the way they actually want to. The

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COMPREHENSION 35

concessions they are entitled to make it actually 7. The reason for the decline in mental abilities of
worth being a Senior Citizen. Airlines offer Senior Citizens is
discounted fares and the Indian railways offer a (a) aging
discount on all tickets. There are separate queues (b) retirement
for Senior Citizens at the post office, railway (c) pathological changes in the brain
counters and some buses even have seats reserved (d) loss of physical stamina
for them. It all boils down to one thing - it can 8. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the
actually be quite appealing to be a Senior Citizen word ‘novices’.
once you look at yourself with esteem and have (a) Both are completely geared to novices, with plenty
confidence in your abilities. Eat healthily, exercise, of other distractions if walking the plank doesn’t
sleep well and extract every ounce of the elixir that suit.
life has to offer. (b) Many of the clubs cater for novices as well as for
established performers.
1. Within the first few days of retirement, the retired (c) The grooms and novices led away the horses, and
person acquires wheeled away the light carriage into the grange
(a) the status of being a Senior Citizen court for housing.
(b) the status of being lonely (d) A course of classes on firing and driving steam
(c) another post in the same department trains is being offered to complete novices.
(d) a feeling of enjoyment 9. The importance of the Kabir Shlokas as mentioned
2. “with it comes a sense of apprehension….” Pick the in the passage is
option in which the meaning of ‘apprehension’ is (a) it gives peace of mind.
the same as it is in the passage. (b) it keeps one busy.
(a) She was almost sick with excitement and (c) it teaches that nothing is unconquerable.
apprehension. (d) it boosts and maintains memory.
(b) He watched the election results with some
10. Which of the following is not mentioned as an
apprehension.
activity that old people can indulge in?
(c) I feel a certain apprehension about my interview
tomorrow. (a) Learning a Language (b) Going to musin fests
(d) All of the above (c) Charity (d) Exercising

3. Based on your understanding of the passage, Passage 6

choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
information given in the passage. 1. We have entered a new world. The fall of the
Berlin wall put an end to the bipolar world and
1. There are special provision made by the
government for senior citizens. gave birth to hope for freedom and prosperity.
2. Old people must see life with a new perspective
There were many States that gained their
after retirement. independence. Most adopted the democratic
3. The ability to recall declines with old age. model, which corresponds to our shared political
4. There are limited job opening for senior citizens.
values. Globalisation has further enhanced these
changes. It offers extraordinary opportunities to
(a) 1,2,3,4 (b) 2,3,4,1
(c) 3,4,1,2 (d) 4,3,2,1
individuals who are in a position to seize them;
easier access to information, speedier
4. The all time favourite hobby which Senior Citizens communications and unimpeded travels. But it
indulge in is also develops new forms of vulnerabilities; a
(a) swimming (b) books and reading financial crisis can run from Thailand to Russia via
(c) sleeping (d) playing indoor games Latin America. Epidemics spread faster and
5. The tone used by the author in the given passage further, be it mad cow's disease or bird flu.
is 2. Therefore, our destiny is no longer shaped within
(a) satisfying (b) amusing safe frontiers but on an international scale. Given
(c) inspiring (d) informative the extent of these changes, we must define our
6. The person who devotes his attention to social world's new principles of organisation. In this
causes and works as a volunteer to help people is endeavour for a new order, India has a major role to
called a play. First, because it is an example of dynamism and
(a) misanthropist (b) philanthropist energy. Our country is one of youth; 33 per cent of
(c) recluse (d) philanderer the population is under the age of 15.

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36 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

You are aware of the tremendous asset and the 8. With 18 official languages and over 1652 dialects,
immense responsibility that this represents. A young India is at the forefront of cultural diversity. It is a
population is a guarantee of imagination, renewal, proof that openness to the outside world and
awakening and hope. But it is also a challenge in preservation of its own roots can go hand in hand.
terms of education, health and training. The movement of exchange between cultures must
3. India has been able to make the most of not lead to silencing the polyphony of voices arid
globalisation and has gained a pivotal role. It view.
provides the example of an economy which has 9. In the heart of its democracy, India has been
allied dynamism and equilibrium. The past year able to define an identity respectful of each and
offers the two-fold satisfaction of a spectacular 7.5 everyone’s specificity. It is home to one of the
per cent growth rate and inflation under control. largest Muslim communities of the world, with
Thanks to the size and dynamism of its domestic over 170 million believers. The religious patchwork
market, it can project itself into the future with of India offers to each minority, whether it be the
confidence. 27 million Christians, the 21 million Sikhs or the
4. India is now the biggest international service Buddhists, Jains and Parsis, the possibility of
provider in information technologies, and this at a keeping alive their own religious beliefs in harmony
time when the Western countries are experiencing with the Indian identity.
a real shortage of manpower in this very field. A 10. This original and exemplary synthesis is difficult to
scientific power, India, today, is also a key player in achieve. Your will to promote democracy is
space research. Thanks to the excellence of the undoubtedly the strongest political message of the
Indian Space Research Organisation, it is in the Indian nation. At the heart of the new world
forefront of technologies for launchers and the geography lies the democratic challenge.
construction of satellites. 11. Thanks to you, we know that the size of the
5. This economic vitality has developed on the basis population, that the force of history and tradition is
of a strong concern for social justice. In the face of not an obstacle. India is a proof that the
inequalities that still remain and could be universality of Human Rights is a realistic emotion.
increasing, India has given priority to poverty It shows us that State Secularism can be
reduction, job creation and support of the reconciled with the vigour of identities and beliefs.
agricultural sector. Our country has shown that
1. The extraordinary opportunities globalisation
economic growth and concern for the greater good
offers to individuals includes
are not incompatible.
(a) shortage of manpower
6. India, however, does not only offer an economic (b) a hope for freedom and prosperity
model. It stands as an example for nations that (c) ruination due to a financial crisis
show due respect for cultural identities. This (d) easier access to information
represents a major challenge, as globalisation has
2. “In this endeavour for a new order….” Pick the
inherent in it a two-fold risk. First of all, there is
option in which the meaning of ‘order’ is the same
the risk of domination of certain forms of thinking, as it is in the passage.
and of certain ways of life and expression. The (a) The office telephones were all out of order.
diversity of cultures, religions, traditions and (b) What do you suggest I order?
memories is an essential component of the (c) The files are arranged in alphabetical order .
richness of our world. If we are not careful, it (d) The new order seems to be technically flawed.
could die one day.
3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
7. Then there is the risk of confrontation of choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
identities. Lack of respect for what people stand for information given in the passage.
can nurture claims of nationalists and 1. India is at the forefront of cultural diversity.
fundamentalists. The more an identity feels 2. India gained a pivotal role in globalisation.
threatened, the more it tends to be inward looking,
3. Fall of Berlin wall.
rejects diversity and finally gives in to
4. India has become the biggest international
confrontation. These are the patterns that we saw service provider.
in action in the worst post cold war confrontations,
(a) 1,4,2,3 (b) 3,2,1,4
from the explosion of the Balkans to the genocide (c) 3,2,4,1 (d) 3,1,2,4
in the Rwanda.

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COMPREHENSION 37

4. Pick the option that correctly states the fact that is 2. It is true that these farming methods provide an
NOT present in the passage. abundant source of food and employ thousands of
(a) India has been able to define an identity respectful workers across the country. However, CAFOs
of each and everyone’s specificity. should be placed under more stringent restrictions
(b) India has shown that economic growth and concern because of their unfair treatment of animals and
for the great good are compatible. the harm they do to both the environment and
(c) Western countries lack manpower.
humans.
(d) The young population of India poses massive
challenges for it. 3. One of the key controversies surrounding factory
farms is animal rights. Factory farms raise livestock
5. The economic growth rate of India during the past
year has been indoors, as opposed to allowing the animals to
(a) 15 per cent (b) 7.5 per cent graze in fields and pastures. The farmers favour
(c) 33 per cent (d) None of these this overcrowded environment because it
maximises profits. Providing less space for the
6. The basis of the development of the economic animals costs less money; filling pens to their
vitality in India is
maximum capacity ensures that no space is
(a) showing due respect for cultural identities
wasted. Consequently, animal pens are often so
(b) dominance of certain forms of thinking
small that larger animals cannot lie down or turn
(c) a strong concern for social justice
(d) All of the above around. In some cases, these small cages are
beneficial for more than just maximising capacity:
7. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the calves, for instance, do not gain muscle mass in
word ‘vitality’.
this environment. This keeps their meat more
(a) You have to admire the sheer vitality of his
tender, which makes it more attractive to
performance.
(b) Hothouse plants do not possess exuberant vitality.
consumers.
(c) The cream will restore youth and vitality to your 4. Livestock in CAFOs are often found living in their
skin. own urine and faeces, stimulating the spread of
(d) All of the above diseases, such as avian flu, foot and mouth disease
8. When an identity feels threatened, it and mad cow disease, among other animals on the
farm. In order to combat this, farmers must give
(a) ultimately reacts with a hostile reaction
(b) develops lack of respect for others the animals antibiotics. In many cases, however,
(c) keeps alive its own religious beliefs antibiotics are used for disease prevention instead
(d) tries to dominate other identities of treatment.
5. In addition to being used to combat the spread of
9. The author of the given passage is appreciating
India for
diseases, antibiotics are also commonly used to
(a) becoming pivotal in globalisation.
encourage faster growth in livestock. This overuse
(b) becoming the biggest International service provider. increases the risk of livestock developing immunity
(c) maintaining its cultural diversity. to antibiotics, ironically making animals even more
(d) creating opportunities for employment. susceptible to disease. After being digested, these
antibiotics are released back into the environment
10. Find out the word from the passage that is correct in the form of milk, meat, and waste, which can
synonym of ‘ideal’.
affect the people who eat these products or the
(a) Vitality (b) Vigour
environment that absorbs them.
(c) Exemplary (d) Confrontation
6. CAFOs also negatively impact the environment in
Passage 7 the form of air and water pollution. Factory farms
contribute to air pollution issues in the USA
1. According to some estimates, if we could compile the through the release of toxic gases and vapours as
amount of food, land, water and energy used to raise well as by burning fossil fuels to run farm
the 10 billion animals slaughtered each year for machinery.
meat, we could use those resources to feed every
7. These farms also have notable consequences for
single starving person on earth. The majority of these
the environment in terms of water pollution. One
resources are depleted by concentrated animal
characteristic of CAFOs that creates water
feeding operations (CAFOs). CAFOs are factory
pollution is the presence of a lagoon. Lagoons are
farms that mass produce livestock but, in the
process, harm animals, the environment, and humans. artificial storage basins where animal excrement is

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38 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

temporarily contained; periodically, farmers flush inconvenience to consumers, a price increase

this waste into ditches or nearby bodies of water. would encourage people to eat a diet of less meat.
This waste combines with runoff from fertilised 11. This cultural change would assist in solving the
fields to pollute the water sources surrounding broader resource crisis as fewer grain, energy and
CAFOs. It adds excess nutrients, pathogens, land resources would be needed to support
veterinary pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and smaller-scale production. Better treatment of
excreted hormones to the water sources. Such animals and more responsible environmental
pollutants not only affect aquatic life, but can lead practices would protect humans more from
to severe impacts on human health. infectious diseases and the effects of air and water
8. Another negative environmental impact of factory pollution, a benefit everyone should embrace.
farms is resource depletion. Factory farming uses
more land than any other agricultural or industrial 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
enterprise in the country. CAFOs consume a great (a) persuade readers that CAFOs should be more
strictly regulated
deal of resources in terms of grain, energy and
(b) dissuade from the use of antibiotics for disease
land. There are far more efficient ways of using prevention in animals
these resources to feed people. For instance, it has (c) educate readers about the pros and cons of CAFOs
been estimated that the grain used to feed (d) suggest economic alternatives to CAFOs, such as
livestock in the USA alone could feed up to 800 organic farming and soyabean production
million people in one year.
2. “Farmers flush….” Pick the option in which the
By contrast, the production of livestock in CAFOs meaning of ‘flush’ is the same as it is in the
is a wasteful use of energy. While both chicken passage.
meat and soyabeans are good sources of protein, (a) His words brought a warm flush to her face.
producing equivalent amounts of protein from (b) The river is flush with rain.
chicken meat and soyabeans does not require (c) Flush out the pipes with cold water after adding
equivalent amounts of energy: chicken meat the cleaning powder.
production consumes 14 times more energy than (d) She felt a sudden flush of anger.
soyabean production. Consequently, grain and 3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
energy supplies should be used more efficiently to choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
produce food sources other than livestock. information given in the passage.
9. In order to combat the unfair treatment of animals 1. CAFO’s are a waste of energy
and the risks to environmental and human health, 2. CAFO’s are violating animal rights.
CAFOs should be placed under stricter guidelines. 3. Farm machinery adds to environmental
One such regulation would force factory farms to pollution.
adhere to air and water quality protection 4. CAFO’s use many antibiotics to prevent animal
standards from which they have previously been diseases.
exempted, such as those set forth by the Clean 5. One must shift towards organic products.
Water Act. Enforcing these standards would lead (a) 1,3,2,4,5 (b) 2,4,3,1,5
to banning environmental hazards such as waste (c) 2,3,4,5,1 (d) 5,4,3,2,1
lagoons, which in turn would reduce environmental 4. We can infer that animals raised on CAFOs live
pollution and human health liabilities. indoors because
10. Some have suggested that due to these (a) they require less space than animals raised outside
environmental and human health concerns, factory (b) some of them produce more appealing meat
farms should be banned outright. Advocates for (c) they are less expensive to maintain
CAFOs, however, argue that factory farming allows (d) All of the above
for lower production costs that translate into lower 5. ……… is not the reason for CAFOs having a
food prices for consumers. negative impact on the environment.
Organic and free-range products, they argue, do (a) Animal waste polluting water sources near factory
not allow for the large-scale production of farms
livestock; prices for meat, eggs and dairy products (b) Exhaust from farm machinery
would increase, should the country shift towards (c) Antibiotics entering the human food supply
through animal products
organic products. Although this would be an
(d) Animals living in overcrowded environments waste
energy

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COMPREHENSION 39

6. The statistic that ……… strengthens the author’s 2. For instance, take the following sentences :
argument in para 9. (a) The test was hard. (b) The test was difficult.
(a) people eating meat from CAFOs develop less high Is the difference between these synonyms readily
blood pressure and heart conditions apparent? Is there a noticeable difference between
(b) CAFOs adhering to air and water quality protection them at all? Indeed, these questions are valid and
standards report a 30% reduction in profits warrant an answer. For, what would be the point of
(c) a town near an animal waste lagoon reported only having multiple words with exactly the same
half the respiratory illnesses after the lagoon was meaning? No, that would be superfluous, the
shut down
English language being far too economical.
(d) the Clean Water Act was enacted in 1948 and
expanded in 1972 3. While many close synonyms share similar, if not
the same, dictionary definitions, the feeling, or
7. Pick the option showing the INCORRECT use of
mood, they convey is utterly singular. Although a
the word ‘liabilities’.
dictionary can provide information about word
(a) It is fully insured to meet potential liabilities.
(b) He wants to know the precise amount of the
meanings, pronunciations, etymologies, inflected
liabilities he is taking over. forms, derived forms etc, it cannot communicate
(c) The company has liabilities to its employees. how it feels to use a word.
(d) What are the liabilities for dismissal? 4. So, if there is indeed a difference between words
8. The objection in para 10 that ………… is not such as ‘hard’ and ‘difficult’, what is it? To begin
countered in the passage by the author. with, ‘hard’ is pragmatic and realistic, firmly
(a) not everyone wants to be a vegetarian grounded in reality. It is a utilitarian word that gets
(b) if CAFOs move toward producing more organic the job done and doesn’t apologise for its brusque,
products, food prices will go up uncouth nature. On the other hand, ‘difficult’ is
(c) the increase in food prices will reduce consumption eloquent and refined. It is civilised, willing to
of meat expend the effort necessary to appear urbane. Why,
(d) it is illegal to ban CAFOs on the basis of current laws the mere difference in sonic quality between them
9. Pick the option that correctly states the option that is striking enough. ‘Hard’ makes a quick,
DOES NOT support the authors argument. unassuming sound, having a single syllable (voiced
(a) CAFO should not be blamed for the increasing under certain inflections, it can even come across as
health and environmental concerns. harsh), while ‘difficult’ is more lengthy and melodic,
(b) Organic farming should be adopted by farmers of its number of syllables totalling three times that of
the CAFO. its counterpart.
(c) A stringent check must be maintained on the 5. Furthermore, ‘hard’ is more likely to be used in
CAFO to make sure that the standards and
casual, informal circumstances, or to communicate
qualities are maintained.
(d) Animal rights should be the central concern of the
an idea ‘on the go’ or simply to ‘get it out’ as the
CAFO’s. sayings go. It is used without pretence, and does
not maintain a feeling of being overly concerned.
10. According to passage, which of the following are In terms of daily usage, ‘hard’ may be employed by
the good source of protein?
an exhausted brick mason when posed with the
(a) Chicken meat (b) Soyabeans
question, “How was your day?” Conversely,
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Fruit Juices
‘difficult’ may be used by a military General upon
explaining to his or her superior the progression of
Passage 8 a particularly taxing campaign.
1. It is not uncommon for close synonyms to be
6. Similar to ‘hard’ and ‘difficult’, the words ‘weird’
understood to share the same meaning. For
and ‘strange’ are also close synonyms, and may
instance, the difference between words such as
seemingly be used interchangeably. Take, for
‘hard’ and ‘difficult’ goes tragically unnoticed. One
instance, the following sentences:
may employ one or the other with complete
(a) Sea monkeys are weird.
indifference, postulating no discrepancy between
them. In general this is well and good; most people (b) Sea monkeys are strange.
lack the excessive concern to quibble over such Contrary to popular belief, these sentences are not
trifles. Nevertheless, for those of us with ample tautologous. So how do they differ? Their dictionary
compulsiveness (and time), it is of significant value definitions are nearly identical, so the difference
to comprehend such nuances. does not lie there. Rather, the difference involves

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40 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

the feeling, or mood, that these words convey. 3. What is the common understanding of close
Notice that while ‘weird’ and ‘strange’ both have synonyms?
only one syllable, the latter has a remarkably (a) They have the same meaning.
distinguished feel. Similar to ‘hard’, ‘weird’ conveys (b) They are used in different contexts.
a more basic, a more crude, sentiment. Something (c) They are used in different tones.
‘weird’ is crass or gross, and is typically undesirable. (d) They are superfluous.
No one wants to be associated with something
‘weird’. If trying to impress someone, one probably 4. The word ‘hard’ is
doesn't want to be categorised among the ‘weird’. (a) pragmatic and realistic
(b) eloquent and refined
7. On the other hand, if something is labelled as (c) lengthy and melodic
‘strange’, it is not necessarily bad. Rather, (d) All of the above
something ‘strange’ is simply abnormal, or
unusual, a deviation from what is expected. This 5. Which of the problem is correct regarding
distinction between ‘weird’ and ‘strange’ is so dictionaries as per the passage?
pronounced that the latter can be used as a (a) Dictionaries gives us the history of the usage of
euphemism for the former in certain situations. the word.
(b) Dictionaries does not tell how it feels to use
For instance, notice how a simple substitution is
the word.
able to make the following sentence less offensive:
(c) Dictionaries tell us the root word of all words.
"Your mother's cookies taste weird." compared to (d) Both (b) and (c)
”Your mother's cookies taste strange." In the
former sentence, the speaker sounds as though he 6. The difference between the words ‘weird’ and
or she is insulting your mother's cookies, stating ‘strange’ is
that they taste bad. In the latter sentence, (a) the number of syllables they have
however, the speaker sounds as though the cookies (b) the commonality of their usage
simply taste different, or unusual, compared to (c) the number of letters each word has
what he or she is used to, the difference owing to (d) the feeling, or mood, that these words convey
the innocuous addition of too much flour, perhaps. 7. The word ‘weird’ conveys the sentiment of
8. Granted, the notion that close synonyms can be (a) deviating from the expected
used interchangeably is prevalent among English (b) something basic, crude and undesirable
speakers. And alas, the dictionary, the text (c) being unusual
purported to be responsible for clarifying such (d) None of the above
issues, is of little assistance. In the end, it is left to
us, the speakers of the language, those actively 8. Pick the option showing the INCORRECT use of
the word ‘uncouth’.
responsible for maintaining its sustenance and
generation, to understand how these words make (a) He would become dreadful, hideous, and uncouth.
us feel and what mood we are inclined to attach to (b) Others see us as overly materialistic, somewhat
uncouth and lacking in social graces.
them. Using the examples and insights described
(c) An earthy, uncouth an innocent girl was rest to
above, one may come to recognise these subtle, yet peace.
crucial, differences. (d) The chapter was very long, and consisted
1. The word ‘hard’ is more likely to be used entirely of names, uncouth and difficult to
pronounce.
(a) to communicate an idea ‘on the go’
(b) to convey the feeling of not being much concerned 9. Which of the following is CORRECT according to
(c) in casual, informal circumstances the passage?
(d) All of the above (a) Even synonyms are different.
2. “….to quibble over such trifles” Pick the option in (b) Words take contextual meaning.
which the meaning of ‘quibble’ is the same as it is (c) Synonyms are approximately similar in meaning.
in the passage. (d) All of the above
(a) She’s only introducing this as a quibble. 10. Which word in passage is a correct antonym of
(b) His main weakness is to quibble over unimportant ‘Insufficient’?
things.
(a) Superfluous
(c) The only quibble about this book is the lack of
(b) Eloquent
colour illustrations.
(c) Crucial
(d) She pretended to quibble with a phrase or two,
then looked questioningly to her mother. (d) Prafmatic

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COMPREHENSION 41

5. Another issue at play is the stigma amongst

Passage 9 military personnel that asking for help for mental
1. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe health issues makes one ‘weak’. A recent
anxiety disorder that affects millions of people Department of Defence study of returning combat
around the world. Individuals can develop PTSD troops shows that only 1 in 6 veterans
after experiencing any event that results in acknowledged themselves to be suffering from
psychological trauma. Symptoms of PTSD involve symptoms of PTSD, and 3 out of 5 veterans were
flashbacks to the traumatic event, nightmares, convinced that their comrades and commanding
obsessive behaviour, anger, insomnia, difficulty officers would lose confidence in them if they
concentrating, and hyper-vigilance. sought treatment for mental health issues.
2. Individuals who suffer from PTSD can experience 6. For women, this hesitation to self-identify as a
significant difficulties in social relationships, have sufferer of PTSD could be even greater;
lower self-esteem, and have trouble maintaining historically, female soldiers have struggled to be
employment. People with PTSD experience a counted as equals to men on the battlefield.
higher risk of committing suicide, developing a Women, stereotypically considered to possess less
drug addiction, and suffering from alcoholism. emotional fortitude than men, may be unwilling to
Although PTSD can affect any individual, military admit that they are suffering from PTSD lest they
veterans are especially susceptible to this appear to conform to this stereotype. Unfortunately
debilitating affliction. Furthermore, within this for those who do not seek help, when PTSD goes
population, women are more than twice as likely as untreated, it is very likely to worsen over time.
men to develop PTSD. Studies have also shown
7. Another challenge is that until very recently,
that former service women who do develop PTSD
treatment for PTSD has been more difficult for
experience more severe symptoms than their male
women than men to obtain. Before rule changes
counterparts. Recent changes made by the United
were enacted in 2010, only veterans who
States Department of Veterans Affairs have
encountered direct combat experience qualified to
improved treatment options for female veterans
receive disability payments for PTSD. Because very
living with PTSD, but there is still more that needs
few women are placed on the front lines, very few
to be done.
were eligible to receive free treatment for PTSD.
3. Although studies investigating precisely why However, recent regulation changes have ended
women are more likely than men to experience these stipulations, allowing women who serve in
PTSD have not yet been completed, some experts any capacity to be eligible for benefits.
have theorised that low unit cohesion is a major
8. Even if female veterans are eligible for these
factor. Unit cohesion, defined as the mutual bonds
benefits, the quality of the care a wartime PTSD
of friendship and support among members of a
sufferer receives can vary widely. The United
military unit, is thought to be helpful in reducing
States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pays
the incidence of developing PTSD.
disability benefits to service men and women who
4. According to recent surveys compiled by US Army have been diagnosed with PTSD and also provides
researchers, increased unit cohesion emerged as these individuals with free health care.
the most important factor determining whether
9. But while mental health counselling that comes
soldiers developed suicidal thoughts. Women are
directly from VA doctors is completely free to
more likely than men to experience low unit
veterans, there are often long waiting lists for those
cohesion for a variety of reasons. One of the most
who need to be evaluated or treated. Therapy
obvious factors is the relative paucity of females in
provided by non-VA professionals may not be
the military; currently, women make up only 20%
covered by health insurance. Access to mental
of the armed forces. Pervasive male prejudice
health professionals who have been specially
against women is another factor that can diminish
trained to treat wartime PTSD is often difficult for
unit cohesion for female soldiers. Because women
those not living near major urban centres.
are less likely than men to experience unit
cohesion while serving in the military, women are 10. Perhaps the biggest impediment to achieving
less likely to develop the social support structures quality treatment for women suffering from
that will help prevent them from developing PTSD, wartime PTSD is a lack of research. While both
depression, or other serious mental health the VA and independent agencies have completed
problems. hundreds of studies researching the prevention of

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42 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

and treatment for PTSD amongst general military (b) the amount of care provided has improved over the
populations, there have been no studies completed past few years, but it is still insufficient
that solely target women. (c) The VA and other government agencies have tried
to provide mental health care for female veterans,
11. Before adequate care can be provided, there must but most of them refuse to seek treatment
be greater understanding about the root causes of (d) the US government has done almost nothing to help
this issue as it affects women specifically. On both
the research level and the policy level, more must 6. The quality of the care a wartime PTSD sufferer
receives is difficult ………… .
be done to help the women who have sacrificed so
(a) because suitably trained professionals are available
much for their country.
(b) the root causes of this issue are well-known and
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to ……… . researched
(a) inform readers about the likely warning signs of (c) for those not living near major urban centres
PTSD among military veterans (d) All of the above
(b) persuade government officials to increase funding 7. Pick the option showing the INCORRECT use of
for PTSD treatment centres in non-urban areas the word ‘impediment’.
(c) explain why military veterans are more likely than (a) The main impediment to growth was a lack of
civilians to develop PTSD capital.
(d) educate readers about the problem of insufficient (b) He also had a speech impediment.
treatment available for female veterans with PTSD (c) Shortage of money was not the only impediment to
higher education.
2. “….members of a military unit” Pick the option in (d) None of the above
which the meaning of ‘unit’ is NOT the same as it
is in the passage. 8. Based on information in the passage, it can be
(a) The unit has insufficient armament with which to concluded that the author
do battle. (a) believes that advocating for a cause can lead to
(b) The control unit decoded the 18 bits. change
(c) The present perfect is covered in Unit 8. (b) has conducted studies on PTSD among veterans
(d) The man is in the hospital’s intensive care unit. (c) is a mental health care professional
(d) does not believe women should be allowed to serve
3. Based on your understanding of the passage, choose in the military
the option that lists the correct sequence of
information given in the passage. 9. Which of the following does not prevent PTSD?
1. The United States Department of Veterans (a) Bonds of friendship (b) Mental support
provides medical help to its militants. (c) Diary entry (d) Less prejudice
2. A symptom of PTSD is, difficulty in concentrating. 10. Find out the word from the passage which is
3. Women suffer from acute PTSD. similar of ‘obstacle’?
4. PTSD is common amongst military veterans. (a) vigilance (b) affliction
5. There is a stigma amongst military personnel (c) diminish (d) impediment
asking for medical help.
(a) 2,4,3,5,1 (b) 1,3,2,4,5 Passage 10
(c) 3,2,4,1,5 (d) 4,2,3,5,1
1. The basic task of a manager is to control workers
4. Females develop PTSD more frequently than males and get the maximum amount of work out of
because
them. There are two main ways of making workers
(a) women may face negative stereotypes in the
produce more. One is to extend the working hours.
military
The other is to increase the amount that is
(b) women experience lower unit cohesion than men
produced within a given time period. Machinery
(c) males tend to develop stronger social bonds during helps to increase production, but it also creates the
their service time
danger that eventually machines will replace
(d) All of the above
workers. Both Marx and Mahatma Gandhi saw
5. The statement that …… gives the author’s correct mechanisation as a danger to employment.
opinion about the status of mental health care 2. Another way of increasing output is by organising
provided for female veterans.
work. An American called Frederick Winslow
(a) although the VA has not done enough, state and
Taylor invented a new system in the 1890s, which
independent agencies have made up for
government deficiencies he called ‘Scientific Management’. It is also known
as Taylorism, or industrial engineering. Under his

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COMPREHENSION 43

system, all work was broken down into its smallest overnight in the office (known as a ‘night out’),
repetitive elements, and divided between workers. when faced with a project deadline. Long working
Workers were timed with the help of stopwatches hours are central to the industry’s work culture.
and had to fulfil a certain target every day. 8. As a result of these working hours, in places like
3. Production was further speeded up by the Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Gurgaon, where many
introduction of the assembly line. Each worker sat IT firms or call centres are located, shops and
along a conveyor belt and assembled only one part restaurants have also changed their working
of the final product. The speed of work could be hours, and are open late. If both husband and wife
set by adjusting the speed of the conveyor belt. work, then children have to be put in crèches.
During the 1980s, there was an attempt to shift The joint family, which was supposed to have
away from this system of direct control to indirect disappeared with industrialisation, seems to have
control, where workers are supposed to motivate re-emerged, as grandparents are roped in to help
and monitor themselves. But often we find that the with children.
old Taylorist processes survive. 9. One important debate going on is whether
4. Workers in textile mills, which are one of the industrialisation and the shift to services and
oldest industries in India, often described knowledge-based work like IT leads to greater skills
themselves as extensions of the machine. in society. We often hear the phrase ‘knowledge
Ramcharan, a weaver who had worked in the economy’ to describe the growth of IT in India.
Kanpur cotton mills since the 1940s, said, “You But how do you compare the skills of a farmer who
need energy. The eyes move, the neck, the legs has the skills to grow many hundreds of crops
and the hands, each part moves. Weaving is done relying on his or her understanding of the weather,
under a continuous gaze-one cannot go anywhere, the soil and the seeds, with the knowledge of a
the focus must be on the machine. When four software professional? Both are skilled but in
machines run, all four must move together, they different ways. The famous sociologist, Harry
must not stop.” Braverman, argues that the use of machinery
5. The more mechanised an industry gets, the fewer actually deskills workers. For instance, whereas
people are employed, but they too have to work at earlier, architects and engineers had to be skilled
the pace of the machine. For instance, in Maruti draughtsmen, now the computer does a lot of the
Udyog Ltd, two cars roll off the assembly line every work for them.
minute. Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the 1. Machinery creates the danger that
entire day-two tea breaks of 7 ½ minutes each and (a) it will extend the working hours of workers
one lunch break of half an hour. Most of them are (b) it may cause loss due to high cost
exhausted by the age of 40 and take voluntary (c) ultimately machines will replace workers and
retirement. cause unemployment
6. While production has gone up, the number of (d) faults in the machines may reduce production
permanent jobs in the factory has gone down. The 2. “The firm….” Pick the option in which the meaning
firm has outsourced all services such as cleaning of ‘firm’ is NOT the same as it is in the passage.
and security, as well as the manufacture of parts. (a) The firm openly traded in arms.
The parts suppliers are located around or near the (b) No human can repel a firm hope.
factory and send the parts every two hours, or (c) The firm needs more people of your calibre.
just-in-time. Outsourcing and just-in-time keeps (d) We subcontracted the work to a small engineering
costs low for the company, but the workers are firm.
very tense, because if the supplies fail to arrive, 3. Based on your understanding of the passage,
their production targets get delayed and, when choose the option that lists the correct sequence of
they do arrive, the workers have to work faster to information given in the passage.
keep up. No wonder they get exhausted. 1. Machinery deskills workers.
7. Now let us look at the services sector. Software 2. Joint family systems have come back.
professionals are middle class and well educated. 3. Mechanisation promotes unemployment.
Their work is supposed to be self-motivated and 4. Assembly line speeded the production.
creative. But it is also subject to Taylorist labour 5. Mahatma Gandhi was against mechanisation
processes. 10 to 12 hours is an average workday, (a) 1,2,3,4,5 (b) 2,3,4,1,5
and it is not uncommon for employees to stay (c) 3,4,1,2,5 (d) 5,4,3,2,1

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44 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

4. On the assembly line, each worker Answers for Aristotle: How Science and Philosophy Can
(a) was given a boring job Lead Us to A More Meaningful Life (public library), which
(b) speeded up the work also gave us this provocative read on the science of what
(c) was timed with a stopwatch we call “intuition.”
(d) assembled only one part of the final product Philosophers and cognitive scientists agree that
5. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding friendship is an essential ingredient of human happiness.
Taylorism? But beyond the dry academic definitions — like, say,
(a) Taylorism organised activities leading to greater “voluntary interdependence between two persons over
production. time, which is intended to facilitate socio-emotional goals
(b) Taylorism broke down work into smaller units. of the participants, and may involve varying types and
(c) Taylorism promotes the use of assembly line. degrees of companionship, intimacy, affection and mutual
(d) Taylorism made everything time-driven. assistance”— lies a body of compelling research that sheds
6. Workers in textile mills described themselves as light on how, precisely, friendship augments happiness.
………… . The way friendship enhances well-being, it turns out, has
(a) being subjected to mental tension nothing to do with quantity and everything to do with
(b) extensions of the machine quality — researchers confirm that it isn’t the number of
(c) toys in the hands of the management friends (or, in the case of Facebook, “friends”).
(d) always moving with the machine
1. Name one change effected in the present situation
7. ……… keeps costs low for Maruti Udyog Ltd. which hassled to a re-thinking of the concept of
(a) The tension in the workers friendship
(b) Parts supplies failing to arrive (a) Bacon and Thoreau’s theories are no longer
(c) Short breaks for lunch and tea available to read
(d) Outsourcing and just-in-time (b) The arrival of social media on the scene
(c) There is more interest in the sciences
8. Pick the option showing the CORRECT use of the (d) Friendships are not possible in the real world
word ‘roped’. anymore, due to over-competition
(a) The baggage was properly roped up and conveyed
to the airport. 2. Friendship leads to happiness. Is it true?
(b) They roped him to a tree. (a) Yes, researches have proven that friendship does
(c) Denise roped me into selling tickets. lead to happiness
(d) The stairs were roped off. (b) No, there is no relationship between friendship
and happiness
9. The joint family seems to have re-emerged because (c) Friends cannot make each other happy
(a) grandparents are needed to look after children (d) One needs to find one’s happiness alone, with
(b) IT leads to greater skills in society peace of mind
(c) children have to be put in crèches
3. Did Pigluicci’s book discuss intuition too?
(d) shops and restaurants are open late
(a) No, it only discussed friendship
10. Who argues that machinery is responsible for (b) It explained science and philosophy
deskilling workers? (c) It discusses Aristotle’s theories
(a) Taylor (b) Harry Braverman (d) Yes
(c) Mahatma Gandhiji (d) Karl Marx
4. Is the quality of friends important?
(a) No, it is important to have more number of friends,
Passage 11 quality does not matter
“A principal fruit of friendship,” Francis Bacon wrote in (b) No, number of comments on social networking
his timeless meditation on the subject, “is the ease and sites is important, not the quality of friends
discharge of the fulness and swellings of the heart, which (c) Yes, it matter
passions of all kinds do cause and induce.” For Thoreau, (d) No, quality comes automatically with quantity
friendship was one of life’s great rewards. But in today’s 5. As per the first, paragraph what are the debates
cultural landscape of muddled relationships scattered about?
across various platforms for connecting, amidst constant (a) They are centered around whether our Facebook
debates about whether our Facebook “friendships” are friends are helping us become more or less happy
making us more or less happy, it pays to consider what (b) There are no debates around friendship
friendship actually is. That’s precisely what CUNY (c) The quality of comments of social media is
philosophy professor Massimo Pigliucci explores in debatable
(d) Thoreau and Aristotle’s thinking is at loggerheads

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COMPREHENSION 45

Passage 12 2. The ISRO only launches other nations’ satellites?

(a) Yes, it generates revenue through launching
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO, foreign satellites only
/'ISROÉ/) is the space agency of the Government of India (b) No, it is involved in space and planetary
headquartered in the city of Bangalore. Its vision is to exploration
“harness space technology for national development (c) It deals with geographical spaces on earth
while pursuing space science research and planetary (d) It searches for aliens
exploration”.
3. India still uses foreign-made satellite launch
Formed in 1969, ISRO superseded the erstwhile Indian vehicles?
National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) (a) No, it has its own satellite launch vehicles
established in 1962 by the efforts of independent India’s (b) Yes
first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his close aide (c) Only India’s first satellite – Aryabhata – was
and scientist Vikram Sarabhai. The establishment of launched by the Soviet Union
ISRO thus institutionalized space activities in India. It is (d) None of the above
managed by the Department of Space, which reports to
4. From the third paragraph, choose a word which is
the Prime Minister of India. closest in meaning to ‘assistant’:
ISRO built India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, which was (a) Scientist (b) Aide
launched by the Soviet Union on 19th April 1975. It was (c) Independent (d) Institutionalised
named after the Mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980,
Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an 5. Who was Aryabhata, according to the third
paragraph?
Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently
(a) A scientist (b) A mathematician
developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch
(c) India’s prime minister (d) The head of ISRO
Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits
and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These Passage 13
rockets have launched numerous communication The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest
satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of
navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army,
deployed. In January 2014, ISRO successfully used an and it is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS),
indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the who is a four-star general. Two officers have been
GSAT-14. conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank,
ISRO sent a lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, on 22nd which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The
October 2008 and a Mars orbiter, Mars Orbiter Mission, Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India
on 5th November 2013, which successfully entered Mars Company, which eventually became the British Indian
orbit on 24th September 2014, making India the first Army, and the armies of the princely states, which finally
nation to succeed on its first attempt to Mars, and ISRO became the national army after independence. The units
the fourth space agency in the world as well as the first and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories
space agency in Asia to successfully reach Mars orbit. On and have participated in a number of battles and
18th June 2016 ISRO successfully set a record with a campaigns across the world, earning a large number of
launch of 20 satellites in a single payload, one being a battle and theatre honours before and after
satellite from Google. On 15th February 2017, ISRO Independence.
launched 104 satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37) and The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure
created a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest national security and national unity, defending the nation
rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark from external aggression and internal threats, and
III (GSLV-Mk III), on 5th June 2017 and placed a maintaining peace and security within its borders. It
communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit. With this conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural
launch, ISRO became capable of launching 4 ton heavy calamities and other disturbances, like Operation Surya
satellites. Hope, and can also be requisitioned by the government to
cope with internal threats. It is a major component of
1. Is the ISRO a private organisation?
national power alongside the Indian Navy and the Indian
(a) No, it is a government organization
Air Force. The army has been involved in four wars with
(b) Yes, it is a private organization
neighbouring Pakistan and one with China. Other major
(c) It used to be a government organization but not
anymore
operations undertaken by the army include: Operation
(d) It is a non-functional entity Vijay, Operation Meghdoot and Operation Cactus.

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46 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Apart from conflicts, the army has conducted large peace

time exercises like Operation Brasstacks and Exercise
Passage 14
Shoorveer, and it has also been an active participant in Born on Jan 12, 1863 in an affluent Bengali family,
numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions Narendra Natha Datta was a precocious child who was
including those in: Cyprus, Lebanon, Congo, Angola, what we call nowadays, an all-rounder, excelling in music,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Namibia, El Salvador, Liberia, studies and athletics. His father Vishwanatha Datta was a
Mozambique and Somalia. well-known attorney. However, he took the spiritual route
instead and introduced Hinduism to the world in 1893
The Indian Army has a regimental system, but is when he spoke at the World’s Parliament of Religion
operationally and geographically divided into seven (probably one of the most epic things any Indian has done
commands, with the basic field formation being a abroad!).
division.
The historic speech was given on September 11, 1893 by
It is an all-volunteer force and comprises more than 80% Swami Vivekananda. Here's the full text of his opening
of the country's active defence personnel. It is the 2nd and closing address:
largest standing army in the world, with 1,237,117 active
Sisters and Brothers of America,
troops and 960,000 reserve troops.
It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to
The army has embarked on an infantry modernisation
the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I
programme known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a
thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks
System (F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and acquiring in the world; I thank you in the name of the mother of
new assets for its armoured, artillery and aviation religions, and I thank you in the name of millions and
branches. millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects.
1. Is the chief of army a five-star general? My thanks, also, to some of the speakers on this platform
(a) Yes who, referring to the delegates from the Orient, have told
(b) No, he is a four-star general you that these men from far-off nations may well claim
(c) No, the field marshal is the five-star general the honor of bearing to different lands the idea of
(d) No, the chief of army is the president toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has
2. What is the basic field formation in the Indian taught the world both tolerance and universal
army? acceptance.
(a) The regiment We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept
(b) The division all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation
(c) The infantry which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of
(d) Aviation all religions and all nations of the earth. I am proud to tell
3. Is the Indian army involved in any peace-making you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest
efforts? remnant of the Israelites, who came to Southern India
(a) no, it only involves itself in conflict situations and took refuge with us in the very year in which their
(b) It helps in rebuilding cities ravaged by wars holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I
(c) Yes, it does involve itself in peace-making efforts am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered
(d) It does not enter into conflict zones and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian
nation. I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a
4. Is the Indian army the only component of national hymn which I remember to have repeated from my
power?
earliest boyhood, which is every day repeated by millions
(a) Yes
of human beings: “As the different streams having their
(b) No, national power is a combination of the army,
the navy and the air force
sources in different paths which men take through
(c) No, the navy is the only component different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked
(d) No, all national power lies in the hands of the or straight, all lead to Thee.”
government The present convention, which is one of the most august
assemblies ever held, is in itself a vindication, a
5. Is the Indian army an ‘all-volunteer’ force?
declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine
(a) No it is compulsory for every Indian above the age
of 18 to join the army preached in the Gita: “Whosoever comes to me, through
(b) Yes it is whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling
(c) No, only the air force is all voluntary through paths which in the end lead to me.”
(d) No, the navy is all-voluntary Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant,
fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth.

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COMPREHENSION 47

1. What was Vishwanatha Datta’s profession? 1. What is the urgent need of the world today?
(a) Attorney (b) Spiritual leader (a) The establishment of an international economic order
(c) Teacher (d) None of the above (b) The establishment of a world government
(c) The creation of a cultured international social
2. Who spoke at the World’s Parliament of Religion? order
(a) Narendra Nath Datta (b) Swami Vivekananda (d) The raising of an international spiritual army
(c) Both (d) None of these
2. What was the factor that set one man against
3. Give the opposite of the word “Occident” from the another?
second passage of the speech. (a) Material prosperity of certain people in the midst
(a) Delegate (b) Universal of grinding poverty
(c) Orient (d) Toleration (b) Superior physical strength of some persons
4. In the phrase: “all lead to Thee”, to whom does the (c) Colour of the skin or construction of the body
word ‘Thee’ refer? (d) Psychological barriers
(a) All religions 3. Which of the following problems has not
(b) The delegates present been mentioned in the passage as likely to be
(c) Universal brotherhood and peace solved with the establishment of a World
(d) God Government?
5. In the phrase: “I am proud to belong to a nation” – (a) Social problems (b) Political problems
what nation is the speaker referring to? (c) Cultural problems (d) Economic problems
(a) India (b) Southern India 4. What do the government of various countries do to
(c) Rome (d) America keep people of one country apart from those of
another?
Passage 15 (a) They create artificial barriers
What is immediately needed today is the establishment of (b) They create unnatural distinctions
(c) They foster unhealthy isolation
a World Government or an International Federation of
(d) All of the above
Mankind. It is the utmost necessity of the world today,
and all those persons who wish to see all human beings 5. What divide/divides people of one country against
happy and prosperous naturally feel it keenly. Of course, another?
at times, we all feel that many of our problems of our (a) Different religions
political, social and cultural life would come to an end if (b) Different languages
there were one Government all over the world. Travellers, (c) Material advancement of few nations with
businessmen, seekers of knowledge and teachers of imperialistic learnings
righteousness know very well that great impediments and (d) Government of various countries
obstructions are faced by them, when they pass from one
country to another, exchange goods, get information and Passage 16
make an effort to spread their good gospel among their The function of education is to prepare young people to
fellowmen. understand the whole process of life. The end of
In the past religious sects divided one set of people education is not merely to pass some examinations and
against another, colour of the skin or construction of the get a job and earn one’s livelihood. If education is to make
body set one against the other. But today when people understand life, then surely life is not merely a job
philosophical light has exploded the darkness that was or an occupation; life is something extraordinarily wide
created by religious differences and when the scientific and profound, it is a great mystery, a vast realm in which
knowledge has falsified the theory of social superiority we function as human beings. If we prepare ourselves
and when modern inventions have enabled human only to earn a livelihood, we shall miss the whole point of
beings of all religious views and of all races and colours to life. To understand life is much more important than to
come in frequent contact with one another, it is the get a degree or pass an examination for a job.
governments of various countries that keep people of one Life, with all its subtleties, is such a vast expanse. It has its
country apart from those of another. They create artificial extraordinary beauty, its sorrows and joys. It also has its
barriers, unnatural distinctions, unhealthy isolation, hidden things of the mind such as envies, ambitions,
unnecessary fears and dangers in the minds of common passions, fears, fulfilment and anxieties. The birds, the
men who by their nature want to live in friendship with flowers, the flourishing trees, the heavens, the stars, the
their fellowmen. But all these evils would cease to exist if rivers and the fishes therein all this is life. When we are
there were one government all over the world. young, we must seek and find out what life is all about.

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48 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Thus, we cultivate intelligence with the help of education. There was no such thing as a conflict between the
Intelligence is the capacity to think freely, without fear, individual and the State, atleast before foreign
without a formula, so that we begin to discover for governments became established, just as there was no
ourselves what is real and what is true. concept of state ‘sovereignty’ or of any church-and-state
Anyone who is gripped with fear will never be intelligent. dichotomy.
Most of us have fear in one form or another. Where there Modern Indian ‘secularism’ has an admittedly peculiar
is fear there is no intelligence. Thus, what education feature : it requires the state to make a fair distribution of
should do is to help us understand the need of freedom. attention amongst all religions. These blessed aspects of
Unless we are free we will not understand the whole India’s famed tolerance (Indian kings so rarely
process of living. When we are free we have no fear. We persecuted religious groups that the exceptions prove the
do not imitate but we discover. rule) at once struck the Portuguese and other European
1. What is effect of fear on humans? visitors to the West Coast of India in the sixteenth century
and the impression made upon them in this and other
(a) We are not able to develop our intelligence
(b) We think freely
ways gave rise, at one remove, to the basic Constitution of
(c) We see the vast expanse of life Thomas More’s Utopia.
(d) We understand life’s great mystery There is little about Modern India that strikes one at once
as Utopian : but the insistence upon the inculcation of
2. The aim of education is to make us realise the need of
norms and the absence of bigotry and institutionalised
(a) freedom (b) passing examinations
(c) jobs (d) understanding science
exploitation of human or natural resources are two very
different features which link the realities of India and her
3. When we are young we should tradition with the essence of all Utopians.
(a) seek the meaning of life
1. Which of the following is a special feature of the
(b) study and get a degree
Indian State?
(c) try for a good job
(d) study science (a) Peaceful co-existence of people under a common
system of leadership
4. Education helps us realise the (b) Peaceful co-existence of social-groups of different
(a) way to develop our career historical provenances attached to each other in a
(b) need for good health geographical, economic and political sense
(c) meaning of fear (c) Social integration of all groups
(d) necessity of freedom (d) Cultural assimilation of all social groups
5. The passage is about 2. The author uses the word ‘State’ to highlight
(a) education (b) freedom (a) antagonistic relationship between the state and
(c) intelligence (c) livelihood the individual throughout the period of history
(b) absence of conflict between the state and the
individuals upto a point in time
Passage 17 (c) the concept of state sovereignty
Traditional Indian values must both be viewed both from (d) dependence on religion
the angle of an individual and from that of a 3 Which one is the peculiar feature of modern Indian
geographically delimited agglomeration of people or ‘secularism’?
groups enjoying a common system of leadership which (a) No discrimination on religious considerations
we call the ‘State’. Indian State’s special feature is the (b) Total indifference to religion
peaceful, coexistence of social groups of various historical (c) No space for social identity
provenances which mutually adhere in a geographical, (d) Disregard for social law
economic and political sense, without ever assimilating to
4 The basic construction of Thomas More’s Utopia
each other in social terms, in ways of thinking, or even in
was inspired by
language.
(a) Indian tradition of religious tolerance
Modern Indian law will determine certain rules, (b) persecution of religious groups by Indian rulers
especially in relation to the regime of the family, upon the (c) social inequality in India
basis of how the loin-cloth is tied, or how the turban is (d) European perception of Indian state
worn, for this may identify the litigants as members of a
5 What is the striking feature of modern India?
regional group and therefore, as participants in its
(a) Replica of Utopian State
traditional law, though their ancestors left the region
(b) Uniform laws
three or four centuries earlier. The use of the word ‘State’ (c) Adherence to traditional values
above must not mislead us. (d) Absence of Bigotry

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COMPREHENSION 49

(b) increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using

Passage 18 empirical methods to decide what matters, rather
Taylorism is a variation on the theme of efficiency; it is a than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas of
late-19th-and-early-20th-century instance of the larger what matters
recurring theme in human life of increasing efficiency, (c) decreasing efficiency, increasing waste and using
decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide traditional methods for day-to-day decision.
what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing (d) decreasing efficiency, increasing waste, and
ideas of what matters. applying completely democratic pattern within the
organisation.
Taylor system is a theory of management that analyses
and synthesises workflows, improving labour productivity. 4. Scientific management
The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick (a) overlapped considerably with the efficiency
Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first movement, which was the broader cultural echo of
published in the monographs, shops management (1905) scientific management’s impact on business
managers specifically
and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).
(b) overlapped considerably with the effectiveness
Frederick Taylor believed that decisions based upon movement which was the broader cultural echo of
tradition and rules of thumb should be replaced by scientific management’s impact on business
precise procedures developed after careful study of an managers specifically
individual at work. Its application is contingent on a high (c) overlapped considerably with the democatic
level of managerial control over employee work practices. movement, which was the broader cultural echo of
Thus, it is a chapter in the larger narrative that also scientific management’s impact on business
managers specifically
includes, for example, the folk wisdom of thrift, time and
motion study, Fordism, and lean manufacturing. (d) overlapped considerably with the autocratic
pattern, which was the broader cultural echo of
In management literature today, the greatest use of the scientific management’s impact on business
concept of Scientific Management (or Taylorism) is as a managers specifically
contrast to a new, improved way of doing business.
5. In political and sociological terms,
It overlapped considerably with the efficiency movement,
(a) overlapped considerably with the efficiency
which was the broader cultural echo of scientific movement, which was the broader cultural echo of
management’s impact on business managers specifically. scientific management’s impact on business
In political and sociological terms, Taylorism can be seen managers specifically
as the division of labour pushed to its logical extreme, (b) Taylorism can be seen as the division of labour
with a consequent de-skilling of the worker and pushed to its democratic pattern, with a
dehumanisation of the workplace. consequent de-skilling of the worker and
dehumanisation of the workplace.
1. Scientific management is a theory of management (c) Taylorism can be seen as the division of labour pushed
(a) that promotes the rule of thumb to its democratic pattern, with a perfect skilling of
(b) that promotes the democratic pattern in industrial the worker and humanisation of the workplace.
organisation
(c) that analyses and synthesises workflows, (d) Taylorism can be seen as the division of labour
improving labour productivity pushed to its logical extreme, with a consequent
(d) that promotes the unity of command within the de-skilling of the worker and dehumanisation of
organisation the workplace.

2. Frederick Taylor believed that

(a) decisions based upon tradition and rules of thumb Passage 19
should be replaced by precise procedures developed Human resource planning is strategy for acquisition,
after careful study of an individual at work. utilisation, improvement and preservation of the human
(b) decisions based upon precise procedures developed resources of an enterprise. The objective is to provide
after careful study of an individual at work should right personnel for the right work and optimum
be replaced by tradition and rules of thumb
utilisation of the existing human resources. It puts the
(c) strict discipline should be applied at the workplace
objectives of the organisation on paper and plans into the
(d) workers should be treated as a means of
productivity like machine
number and kind of personnel needed to accomplish
those objectives. Thus, HRP involves determination of
3. Taylorism is based on future manpower needs to help management in being
(a) decreasing efficiency, increasing waste, and using
upbeat. Manpower planning starts with examining the
empirical methods to decide what matters, rather
than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas of overall objectives of the organisation. In fact, manpower
what matters plan should be integrated into the overall objectives.

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50 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

The number of employees required to perform various 3. Supply forecast is also known as
operations will be derived from the objectives of the (a) manpower inventory (b) manpower analysis
organisation. Overall objectives of the organisation have (c) manpower planning (d) manpower forecasting
to be understood in order to draw a good manpower plan.
Manpower demand is the number of people required to 4. The objective of preparing manpower inventory is
handle the present jobs. (a) to find out the number and quality of manpower
prescribed by government and other industrial
Forecasting the demand for manpower is the process of regulating agencies
estimating the future quantity and quality of employees (b) to find out the number and quality of manpower
required. For instance, in a retail organisation, the required for future operations in the organisation
manpower demand is forecasted based on the work to be (c) to find out the number and quality of manpower
performed in every retail store. Obviously the long-term available in the market
corporate plans, budgets and annual plans would become (d) to find out the number and quality of manpower
basis for forecasting the demand for labour. Supply available within the organisation to employee in
forecast is also known as manpower inventory. various jobs identified in the organisation.

The objective of preparing manpower inventory is to find 5. Gap analysis is the process of
out the number and quality of manpower available within (a) identifying the total of the estimated number of
employees and actual number of employees
the organisation to employ in various jobs identified in the
available in the organisation
organisation. Development of supply of manpower data
(b) identifying the difference in the estimated number
relating to present human resources in terms of of employees and actual number of employees
components, number, designations and department wise available in the labour market
should be developed. Here potential losses in the existing (c) identifying the difference in the estimated number
manpower should be considered. of employees and actual number of employees
The loss of manpower arises out of voluntary retirements, available in the organisation
deaths, retirements, dismissals, layoffs, disablement due (d) identifying the required number of employees and
to ill health, accidents and other losses occurring due to actual number of employees available in the
poor attitude and low commitment to the organisation. organisation
Gap analysis is the process of identifying the difference in
the estimated number of employees and actual number of Passage 20
employees available in the organisation. This enables to ‘Desertification’ is a term used to explain a process of
determine the quantity and quality of manpower needed. decline in the biological productivity of an ecosystem,
This gap reveals the number of personnel to be recruited leading to total loss of productivity. While this
to fill the gaps. phenomenon is often linked to the arid, semi-arid and
1. Forecasting the demand for manpower sub-humid ecosystems, even in the humid tropics, the
(a) is the process of estimating the future quantity
impact could be most dramatic. Impoverishment of
and quality of employees required human-impacted terrestrial ecosystems may exhibit itself
(b) is the process of calculating current workforce in a variety of ways, such as accelerated erosion as in the
engaged in different operations in the organisation mountain regions of the country, salinisation of land as in
(c) is the process of estimating the critical situations, the semi-arid and arid ‘green revolution’ areas of the
that may occur during the production process country, for example, in Haryana and Western Uttar
(d) is the process of analysing the performance of the Pradesh, and site quality decline– a common
workers engaged in the organisation is past years phenomenon due to general decline in tree cover and
2. According to this passage, monotonous monoculture of rice/wheat across the Indian
(a) the number of employees required to perform plains.
various operations will be determined by the
A major consequence of deforestation is that it relates to
government
adverse alterations in the hydrology and related soil and
(b) the number of employees required to perform
various operations will be derived from the nutrient losses. The consequences of deforestation
objectives of the organisation invariably arise out of side degradation through erosive
(c) the number of employees required to perform losses. Tropical Asia, Africa and South America have the
various operations will be derived from the market highest levels of erosion.
forces The already high rates for the tropics are increasing at an
(d) the number of employees required to perform alarming rate (For example, through the major river
various operations will be determined by the Trade
systems, such as the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in the
Unions
Indian context), due to deforestation and ill-suited and

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COMPREHENSION 51

management practices subsequent to forest clearing. In Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
the mountain context, the declining moisture retention of (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
the mountain context, the declining moisture retention of (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
the mountain soils, drying up of the underground springs
4. Which of the following depicts the passage after
and smaller rivers in the Himalayan region could be
going through the paragraph?
attributed to drastic changes in the forest cover.
(a) Decline in the biological loss of productivity
An indirect consequence is drastic alteration in the (b) Total loss of the productivity of soil.
upland-lowland interaction, mediated through water. The (c) Combining (a) and (b)
current concern the tea planter of Assam has is about the (d) None of the above
damage to tea plantations due to frequent inundation
5. Which of the following sums up the site
along the flood-plains of Brahmaputra, and the damage to
desertification of the soil?
tea plantation and the consequent loss in tea productivity
(a) Soil degradation
is due to rising level of the river bottom because of
(b) Alternation in available water
siltation and the changing course of the river system. (c) Consequent decline in food and fodder
The ultimate consequences of site desertification are soil (d) All the above
degradation, alteration in available water and its quality,
and the consequent decline in food, fodder and fuel-wood Passage 21
yields essential for the economic well-being of rural
communities. The previous decade has reversed the presumptions
about development and more than anything else, it has
1. According to the passage, which of the following made it difficult to decide what is in store during the next
are the consequences of decline in forest cover? decade. However, there are some things about which one
1. Loss of topsoil can make claims with some confidence.
2. Loss of smaller rivers Firstly, education, health and productive employment are
3. Adverse effect on agricultural production the decisive factors for development and impartiality. We
4. Declining of groundwater believe that all these are the results of rapid economic
Select the correct answer using the code given development and to achieve these ends, development
below only can generate resources. In the present form, it will be
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 best to view it as a better reason than as a result of
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 development. In fact, in every case of successful
development, the evaluation of previous reforms in
2. Which of the following is/are the correct education, technical skills, health, existence and
inference/inferences that can be made from the
productive tasks are included.
passage?
Secondly, technical ability is a vital resource and explains
1. Deforestation can cause changes in the course of
rivers. the high ratio of development in production and trade as
2. Salinisation of land takes place due to human
compared to ratios of development in more traditional
activities only. factors, such as natural resources or capital formation.
There is no requisite capability in research. In fact,
3. Intense monoculture practice in plains is a
major reason for desertification in Tropical industrial momentum in a factory of farm is more
Asia, Africa and South America. important than the presence of a research organisation.
Select the correct answer using the code given Thirdly, essentially required environment also cannot be
below. ignored for a long time period, which is next only to the
(a) Only 1 issue of disarmament in the list of international issues. At
(b) Both 1 and 2 the national level, there has been a definite rise in
(c) Both 2 and 3 ignorance towards the environment due to development.
(d) None of the above is a correct inference In the context of India, at least two immediate factors
3. With reference to ‘desertification’ as described in increase the ratio mentioned above. The first one of these
the passage, the following assumptions have been is the rise in population level. By giving momentum to
made: expansion of population and the workforce, human
1. Desertification is a phenomenon is tropical resources development has achieved synergistic
areas only. importance. An increase in population is also a factor but
2. Deforestation invariably leads to floods and is not the most important one, which delineated
desertification. environmental decay in rural and urban areas.

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52 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Second, as a large country, we cannot make an

independent place for ourselves in the global system
Passage 22
without developing appropriate ability for the Though top leaders of the nationalist movement were the
development of one’s self-respect. In order to achieve this policy makers, the immediate day-to-day leadership was
objective, the achievement of technical skills is a decisive provided by the middle-class intellectuals. The rural
step. origin of the industrial labour force together with rampant
illiteracy and their simplistic docility attracted social
So far, we have taken human resource development,
workers, mainly drawn from the middle-class
technical and environmental issues as supporting factors
intellectuals. They had an obvious advantage. Not being
of the main part of the plan. Along with the expansion of
employees, the leaders were free from fear of
quality of basic infrastructure and targets of production
victimisation and immune towards the risks of leadership.
(tonnes of steel and kilowatt hours of electricity), other
Being generally well educated, they had a better
targets of capacity (kilometers) and other targets (number perspective and sense of organisation. They could see the
of schools and students, number of electrified villages), issue in broader context. They belonged to a higher social
known techniques, full use of natural resources and plane than the workers and with good education
maximum possible use of available financial resources intellectual development comparable to the best among
have been emphasised upon. the employers they could meet the employers on their
1. According to this passage, what has been own plane and carry on negotiations on an equal footing.
considered to be the most important by us out of According to Royal Commission on Labour in India, ‘the
the following? effect of this surge was enhanced by the political turmoil
(a) Basic facilities and increase in the number of which added to the prevailing feelings of unrest and
achieved targets. assured to provide willing leaders of a trade union
(b) Ideal use of available natural resources. movement’. But outside leadership had led to the
(c) Maximum use of available financial resources.
politicisation of the movement.
(d) All of the above
Politicisation of the labour movement in India
2. According to the author of the passage, whose contributed both to its strength and weakness. While
effect, out of the following is felt at the national economic hardship was present all along as a latent force,
level? the major impetus for growth of unionism was primarily
(a) Expansion of workforce of high quality provided by major political currents, particularly the
(b) Lack of care and activism for the protection of movement for national independence.
environmental resources
(c) Continuous decay of technical potentialities in
For the zeal and the organising ability, which the leaders
urbanised countries of the nationalist movement brought to bear upon the
(d) Emphasis on a slower pace of disarmament as Indian. Trade Union Movement, it would not have gained
compared to disarmament in other nations the dimensions and the position it had by 1909 within a
decade of its formal start.
3. According to the author of the passage, which of
the following factors is of synergistic importance? 1. Leadership to Trade Union was provided by
(a) Population growth middle-class intellectuals in India because
(b) Workforce (a) they were the active participants in the nationalist
(c) Human resource development movement.
(d) None of the above (b) they were literates among the workers.
(c) they were able to negotiate with employers on
4. Which of the following areas has not been equal terms.
included among various ‘targets’ mentioned in the (d) the workers did not want any one among them to
passage? be their leader.
(a) Maximum use of financial resources
(b) Electricity production 2. During the early years, Trade Union Movement
(c) Population growth gained greater dimensions because
(d) Number of schools and children (a) the workers accepted outside leaders
(b) it started along with the independence movement
5. Which of the following can be the most suitable (c) the leaders were well educated with broad
title of the passage? perspectives
(a) Potential obstacles in economic development. (d) the leaders were devoted to the welfare of workers
(b) Main factors of development.
3. The word ‘surge’ in the passage means
(c) Targets in development process.
(d) Role of population growth in development. (a) decrease (b) support
(c) increase (d) slowness

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COMPREHENSION 53

4. What could be the reason for workers not coming 1. Raymond Moley advocated management’s
forward to take up the leadership in Trade Union responsibility to
Movement in the early years? (a) owners of organisation only
(a) Lack of time (b) Illiteracy (b) owners and employees only
(c) Fear of victimisation (d) Risk in leadership (c) owners, public and labour
(d) owners, public, labour and customers
5. According to the passage, which of the following
leadership primarily led to the politicisation of the 2. Which of the following is not a part of corporate
movement? social responsibility?
(a) Inside leadership (b) Outside leadership (a) Controlling prices of prevent inflation
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Illiterate leadership (b) Training of employees
(c) Acting upon pollution related problems
(d) Jeopardising the security of nation
Passage 23
3. Corporate social responsibility comprises of
For years the managerial philosophers had called
(a) Moral obligations of an organisation
management’s attention to its total responsibility. They
(b) Social obligations of an organisation
indications of a moral oughtness we there, they stressed.
(c) Moral and social obligations of an organisation
As Stewards for stockholders, managers had a prime to (d) None of the above
the employees, the customers, and the community–along
with their well-recognised responsibility to the owners. 4. Abraham is of the opinion that
(a) it is difficult to satisfy variously interested groups
By and large, these early pronouncements apparently fell
(b) job management is to conduct affairs of enterprise
on deaf ears. By the mid-thirties, however, heartening
(c) there should be a balance among the interested groups
signs began to appear. In 1937, for example, Raymond
(d) None of the above
Moley declared that while management remained legally
and ethically a primary agent of the investors, its 5. In view of Lapham, management must take care of
secondary responsibility to the public and labour had (a) investors only
become relatively greater. (b) stockholders and employees only
(c) stockholders, public and customers only
Four years later, Roger D Lapham asserted that in the (d) stockholders, customers, public and employees
narrow sense of the past, management had been
considered solely responsible to its ownership–its
stockholders–but there was a growing conviction that in
Passage 24
the broader sense management’s duty to its customers, to Modern biotechnology, especially, the creation of
the public, and to its employees came first. Genetically Modified (GM) crops is often presented as a
magical solution or universal panacea for the problems of
By 1951, this view was well established, and Frank
poverty, inadequate nutrition and even environmental
Abraham’s writing in the Harvard Business Review
degradation across the world. Conversely, there are
enunciated the new philosophy when he indicated that
people who present the picture of tech-generated monster
the job of management was to conduct the affairs of the
and major human health hazards being created by
enterprise in such a way as to maintain an equitable
science. Many of the technological changes currently being
balance among the claims of the variously interested
utilised in agriculture can have unforeseen consequences,
group. In the mid-sixties and early seventies, we have and their safety and future viability are far from secure.
again recognised changes in philosophy that reflect
management’s gradual assumption of its moral and social The reality, as always, is far more complex than either of
these two extremes. Even today, the total food production
obligation of good corporate citizenship.
in the world is adequate to feed the hungry of the world.
We see it, for example, in management’s assuming its The problems is rather one of unequal distribution, a
social responsibility by cooperating with the federal large part of the population of developing countries
government in withholding goods from countries if those engaged in agriculture, face many problems, such as lack
goods would jeopardise our national security; in of infrastructure, poor or unstable market access, volatile
maintaining prices at a level consistent with a healthy input and output prices, etc.
economy, not raising them to a point considered critically These issues cannot be addressed by biotechnology as their
inflationary; in training the unemployed; in cleaning up solution is a far cry. It is true that transgenic plants can
city ghettos; and in recognising and acting upon pollution offer a range of benefits (more effective pest resistance of
problems. More examples could be cited, but the point of seeds and crops through genetically controlled methods
the broadened view taken by management of its total and leads to improved yield), which are above and beyond
responsibility has been made. those that emerged from more traditional innovations.

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54 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

A basic question, of course, is whether the new GM 2. The problem of hunger in the world is not due to
technology is safe, and whether this is absolutely crucial inadequate production of food but due to unequal
since the effect may only be known much later. The jury is distribution of it.
still very much out on this matter and the controversy 3. Many developing countries have banned
does not appear to resolve quickly. The trouble is that genetically modified products as developed
most governments in developing countries have relatively countries have been using such countries as
low food and beverage regulatory standards and public dumping groups for new genetically modified
systems for monitoring and surveillance of such products.
standards are either poor or non-existent. This leaves (a) Only (1) (b) Only (2)
them open for entry and even dumping of a range of (c) Both (2) and (3) (d) Both (1) and (3)
agricultural products of new technology, which may not
pass the regulatory standards in more developed Passage 25
countries.
It should be remembered that the Nationalist Movement
1. Which of the following is true in context of the in India, like all nationalist movements was essentially a
passage? bourgeois movement. It represented the natural historical
(a) Genetically modified crops have been universally stage of development and to consider it or to criticise it, as
recognised as a solution to poverty and
a Working Class Movement is wrong.
environmental degradation.
(b) The only way to improve the deficit in food Gandhi represented that movement and the Indian
requirement and food production in world is by masses in relation to the movement to a supreme degree
adapting genetically modified crops. and he became the voice of Indian people to that extent.
(c) Genetically modified crops produce more yield as The main contribution of Gandhi to India and the Indian
compared to yield from traditional methods. masses has been through the powerful movements that
(d) Taking advantage of the absence of regulatory he launched through the National Congress.
standards, scientists have been dumping new
products in the market without appropriate Through nation-wide action, he sought to mould the
approval. millions and largely succeeded in doing so. He changed
them from a demoralised, timid and hopeless mass,
2. Choose the word/group of words which is most
similar in meaning to open in the context of the bullied and crushed by every dominant interest and
passage? incapable of resisting tyranny, and capable of united
(a) Vulnerable (b) Capable action and sacrifice for a larger cause.
(c) Threatened (d) Uncertain Gandhi made people think of political and economic
3. Choose the word/group of words which is most issues and every village and every bazaar hummed with
opposite in meaning to VOLATILE as used in the argument and debate on the new ideas and hopes that
passage? filled the people.
(a) Never-ending (b) Valuable That was an amazing psychological change. The time was
(c) Irreversible (d) Stable ripe for it, of course, and circumstances and world
4. The author of the given passage seems to be conditions worked for this change. However, a great
definitely leader was necessary to take the advantage of those
(a) suggesting the use of traditional methods of circumstances and conditions. Gandhi was that leader
agriculture as against biotechnological by developing and he released many bonds that imprisoned and
countries owing to their poor regulatory standards. disabled our minds and none of us who experienced it can
(b) in favour of utilising biotechnology as a tool for the ever forget that great feeling of release and exhilaration
alleviation of poverty in the world. that came over the Indian people.
(c) urging the policy markers to improve infrastructural
facilities so that farmers can maximize the benefits Gandhi has palyed a revolutionary role of greatest
of genetically modified crops. importance in India because he knew how to make the
(d) unconvinced of the long-term effects and rationale most of the objective conditions and could reach the heart
for immediate requirement of genetically modified of the masses, whereas groups with a more advanced
products ideology functioned largely in air because they did not fit
5. Why, according to the author, is genetic in with those conditions and could, therefore, not evoke
modification of crops not an answer to the problem any substantial response from the masses.
of hunger in the world? It is perfectly true the Gandhi, functioning in nationalist
1. People being highly doubtful of the long-term plane, did not think in terms of the conflict of classes,
effects of genetically modified crops of not buy trying to compose their differences. However, the actions
the products grown by such methods. he indulged in and taught the people have inevitably

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COMPREHENSION 55

raised mass consciousness tremendously the made social Through school and social mapping, we must address the
issues vital. Gandhi and the Congress must be judged by entire gamut of social, economic, cultural and indeed
the policies they pursued and the action they indulged in. linguistic and pedagogic issues, factors that prevent
But behind this, personality counts and colours those children from weaker sections and disadvantaged groups,
policies and activities. In case of very exceptional people as also girls, from regularly attending and complementing
like Gandhi, the question of personality becomes elementary education. The focus must be on the poorest
especially important in order to understand and appraise and most vulnerable since these groups are the most
him. To us, he represented the spirit and honour of India, disempowered and at the greatest risk of violation or
the yearning of her sorrowing millions to be rid of their denial of their right to education.
innumerable burdens and an insult to him by the British The right to education goes beyond free and compulsory
Government or others was as insult to India and her education to include quality education for all. Quality is
people. an integral part of the right to education.
1. Which one of the following is true of the given If the education process lacks quality, children are being
passage? denied their right. The Right of Children to Free and
(a) The passage is a critique of Gandhi’s role in Indian Compulsory Education Act lays down that the curriculum
movement for independence. should provide for learning through activities, exploration
(b) The passage hails the role of Gandhi in India’s and discovery. This places an obligation on us to change
freedom movement.
our perception of children as passive receiver of
(c) The author is neutral on Gandhi’s role in India’s
knowledge and to move beyond the convention of using
freedom movement.
textbooks as the basis of examinations. The teaching-
(d) It is an account of Indian National Congress’s learning process must become stress-free and a massive
support to the Working Class Movement.
programme for curricular reform should be initiated to
2. The change that the Gandhian movement brought provide for child-friendly learning system, that is more
among the Indian masses was relevant and empowering. Teacher accountability
(a) physical (b) cultural systems and processes must ensure that children are
(c) technological (d) psychological learning and that their right to learn in a child-friendly
3. To consider the Nationalist Movement or to environment is not violated. Testing and assessment
criticise it as a Working Class Movement was systems must be reexamined and redesigned to ensure
wrong because it was a that these do not force children to struggle between
(a) historical movement school and tuition centres, and bypass childhood.
(b) voice of the Indian people 1. Which one of the following does depict the school in
(c) bourgeois movement
the best possible manner?
(d) movement represented by Gandhi
(a) Through school and school mapping.
4. Gandhi played a revolutionary role in India (b) The focus must be on the poorest sections of society.
because be could (c) Both (a) and (b)
(a) preach morality (d) None of the above
(b) reach the hearts of Indians
(c) see the conflict of classes
2. According to the passage, which of the following
(d) lead the Indian National Congress
is/are of paramount importance under the Right to
Education?
5. Groups with advanced ideology functioned in air as 1. Sending of children to school by all parents.
they did not fit in with
2. Provision of adequate physical infrastructure in
(a) objective conditions of masses schools.
(b) the Gandhian ideology 3. Curricular reforms for developing child-friendly
(c) the class consciousness of the people learning system.
(d) the difference among masses
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
Passage 26 (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
It is no longer enough for us to talk about providing for (c) Only 3 (d) None of these
universal access to education. Making available schooling
3. With reference to the above passage, the following
facilities is an essential prerequisite, but it is insufficient
assumptions have been made:
to ensure that all children attend school and participate
in the learning process. The school may be there, but 1. The Right to Education guarantees teacher’s
accountability for the learning process of
children may not attend or they may drop out after a few
children.
months.

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56 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

2. The Right to Education guarantees 100% 1. What have the religious teachers taught in the past?
enrolment of children in the schools. (a) That man is made up of body only.
3. The Right to Education intends to take full (b) That man is made up of soul only.
advantage of demographic dividend. (c) That man is made up of bubbles.
Which of the above assumption(s) is/are valid? (d) That man is made up of body and soul together.
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 2. According to the passage, what is food for the soul?
(c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Bread (b) Virtue
4. According to the passage, which one of the (c) Vice (d) Education
following critical in bringing quality in education? 3. The following philosophers are mentioned in the
(a) Ensuring regular attendance of children as well as paragraph.
teachers in school.
1. Jesus 2. Gautama Buddha
(b) Giving pecuniary benefits to teachers to motivate
3. St. Ambrose 4. Thomas Carlyle
them.
5. St. Basil
(c) Understanding the socio-cultural background of
children. Which of the following depicts the correct order as
(d) Inculcating learning through activities and they appear in the paragraph?
discovery. (a) (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)
(b) (1), (3), (4), (5) and (2)
5. What is the essential message in this passage? (c) (1), (2), (3), (5) and (4)
(a) The Right to Education now is a fundamental right (d) (2), (1), (3), (4) and (5)
(b) The Right to Education enables the children of
poor and weaker sections of the society to attend 4. Intellectual pursuits have been neglected because
schools. 1. They are unnecessary and superfluous.
(c) The Right to Free and Compulsory Education 2. They make people dwarf.
should include quality education for all.
3. They lead people to hell.
(d) The government as well as parents should ensure
that all children attend schools. (a) Only (1) is correct
(b) Only (2) is correct
(c) Only (3) is correct
Passage 27 (d) Only (1) and (2) are correct
Some religious leaders have taught that man is made up
of a body and soul, but they have been silent about 5. The style of the passage is
intellect. Their followers try to feed to the body to earth (a) Narrative (b) Expository
and save the soul from perdition after death-but they (c) Critical (d) Analytical
neglected the claims of the mind. Bread for the body and
virtue for the soul, these are regarded as indispensable Passage 28
requisites of human welfare. Nothing is said about A great deal of the world’s work is neither producing
knowledge and education. material things nor altering the things that Nature
Thus, Jesus Christ spoke of feeding the hungry, healing produces, but doing services of one sort or another.
the sick and converting the sinners, but he never taught Thoughtless people are apt to think a brickmaker more of
the duty of teaching an ignorant and increasing scientific a producer than a clergyman. When a village carpenter
knowledge. He himself was not a well-educated man and makes a gate to keep cattle out of a field of wheat, he has
intellectual pursuits were beyond his horizon.
something solid in his hand which he can claim for his
Gautama Buddha also laid stress on morality, meditation own until the farmer pays him for it. But when a village
and asceticism, but he did not attach great importance to boy makes a noise to keep the birds off, he has nothings to
history, science, art or literature. St. Ambrose deprecated show, though the noise is just as necessary as the gate.
scientific studies and wrote, ‘To discuss the nature and
position of the earth does not help us in our hope for life The postman does not make anything ..... The policeman
to come’. St. Basil said very frankly and foolishly, ‘It is not does not make anything ..... The doctor makes pills
a matter of interest to us whether the earth is a sphere, a sometimes; but that is not his real business, which is to
cylinder or a disc’. tell you when you ought to take pills, and what pills to
take, unless indeed he has the good sense to tell you not
Thomas Carlyle also followed the Christian tradition and
declared that he honoured only two kinds of men and no take them at all, and you have the good sense to believe
third, i.e., the manual labourer and the religious teacher. him, when he is giving you good advice instead of bad.
He forgot the scientist, the scholar and the artist. The The lawyer does not make anything substantial ..... They
cynics of Greece despised education at last. are all in service.

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COMPREHENSION 57

1. Thoughtless people think a brickmaker more of a Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem,
producer than a clergyman because have allocated large amount of land to animal reserves.
(a) a clergyman is an idler They then charge admission fees to help defray the costs
(b) a brickmaker produces something solid which he of maintaining the parks, and they often must also
can keep with him till he gets its price depend on world organisations for support. With the
(c) a brickmaker, being physically stronger than a money get, they can invest in equipment and patrols to
clergyman, can naturally produce more protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to
(d) he cannot understand the philosophical lectures of stem the tide of animal extinction is an international
the clergyman boycott of products made from endangered species. This
2. According to the author of the passage, a large seems fairly effective, but it will not, by itself, prevent
number of persons : animals from being hunted and killed.
(a) are producing material things
1. What is the author’s main concern in this passage ?
(b) are altering the things that Nature produces
(a) Problems of industrialisation
(c) are doing nothing in particular
(b) The Bengal tiger
(d) offer services
(c) Endangered species
3. The writer thinks that : (d) Callousness of man
(a) both the doctor and the patient are sensible when
2. According to the passage, poachers kill for :
one makes pills and the other buys them
(b) the doctor is sensible and the patient is insensible (a) material gain
(c) the doctor is insensible and the patient is (b) personal satisfaction
insensible (c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) both the doctor and the patient make sense when (d) None of the above
the doctor tells not to take the pills and the patient 3. Which of the following words is closest in meaning
believes him to the bold word ‘alarming’?
4. The writer’s description of the doctor’s business : (a) Serious (b) Dangerous
(a) strengthens the main argument of the passage (c) Distressing (d) Frightening
because the doctor’s business is to make pills 4. Certain species are becoming extinct because of :
(b) is irrelevant to the main argument of the passage
(a) industrialisation
(c) weakens the main argument of the passage
(b) poaching
(d) illustrates the difference between producing
(c) love of products made from them
something and offering a service
(d) All of the above
5. The word ‘substantial’ in the passage means
5. The Phrase ‘Stem the tide’ means :
(a) of no importance (b) of considerable importance
(a) save (b) stop
(c) of no value (d) of low price
(c) touch (d) spare

Passage 29
Passage 30
Since the world has become industrialised, there has
been an increase in the number of animal species that Many people believe that science and religion are
have either become extinct or have neared extinction. contrary to each other. But this notion is wrong. As a
Bengal tiger, for instance, which once roamed the jungle matter of fact, both are complementary to each other.
in vast numbers, now number only 2300 and by the year The aim of both these institutions is to explain different
2025 their population is estimated to be down to zero. aspects of life, universe and human existence. There is no
What is alarming about the case of Bengal tiger is that doubt that the methods of science and religion are
this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by different. The method of science is observation,
poachers who according to some sources, are not experimentation and experience. Science takes its
interested in material gain but in personal gratification. recourse to progressive march towards perfection; the
This is an example of the callousness that is part of what rules of religion are faith, intuition and spoken word of
is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like the the enlightened; in general, while science is inclined
Bengal tiger, as well as, those belonging to other towards reason and rationality, spiritualism is the essence
endangered species, are a valuable part of the world’s of religion.
ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals In earlier times when man appeared on earth, he was
must be enacted to ensure their survival, and the survival over-awed at the sight of violent and powerful aspects of
of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to nature. In certain cases, the usefulness of different
deal with the problem in various ways. natural objects of nature overwhelmed man.

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58 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Thus began the worship of forces of nature-fire, the sun,

the rivers, the rocks, the trees, the snakes, etc. The holy
Passage 31
scriptures were written by those who had developed The conservative is not an extreme individualist. He may
harmony between external nature and their inner self. be willing to concede numerous arguments of the
Their object was to ennoble, elevate and liberate the unqualified individualists, for his own respect, for the
human spirit and mind. But the priestly class took upon dignity of the individual is not surpassed by that of any
itself the monopoly of scriptural knowledge and man. Yet, he cannot agree to the full implications of
interpretation to its own advantage. Thus the entire individualism, which is based so he thinks, on an
human race was in chains. Truth was flouted and incorrect appraisal of man, society, history, and
progressive, liberal and truthful ideas or ideas expressing government. In his own way, the individualist is as much
doubt and skepticism were suppressed and their holders a perfectionist as the Socialist, and with perfectionism the
punished. It was in these trying circumstances, the conservative can have no truck.
science emerged as a saviour of mankind. But its path was In particular, the conservative refuses to go all the way
not smooth and safe. The scientists and free thinkers with economic individualism. His distrust of unfettered
were tortured. This was the fate of Copernicus, Galileo, man, his recognition to groups, his sense of the
Bruno and others. But, by and by science gained ground. complexity of the social process, his recognition of the
1. Why does man worship the force of nature? real services that government can perform– all these
(a) The holy scriptures advocate the worship of forces sentiments make it impossible for him to subscribe to the
of nature dogmas and shibboleths of economic individualism :
(b) The worship elevates and liberates the human laissez-faire, the negative state, enlightened self-interest,
spirit and mind the law of supply and demand, the profit motive. The
(c) The worship makes man believe in faith and conservative may occasionally have kind word for each of
intuition these notions, but he is careful to qualify his support by
(d) Forces of nature reach us spiritualism
stating other, more important social truths. For example,
2. Which of the following statements is true in the he does not for a moment deny the prominence of the
context of the passage? profit motive, but he insists that it be recognised for the
(a) Science and religion are antagonistic to each other selfish thing it is and be kept within reasonable, socially
(b) Science encourages worshipping of nature imposed limits.
(c) Religion is essential for external peace and
harmony 1. The conservative is
(d) Regimental religion was replaced by scientific (a) a perfectionist (b) an economist
principles (c) a socialist (d) None of these
3. According to the passage, science and religion 2. The conservative is against Economic
both : Individualism for all the following reasons except:
(a) rely on the spoken word of the enlightened (a) he does not trust free men
(b) emerged out of the fear of man (b) he believes in the authority of the government
(c) emerged from the desire of man to worship the (c) he believes in groups
forces of nature (d) he feels that social processes are important
(d) employ different methods of enquiry
3. The author mentions all the following catchwords
4. Why is it said in the passage that, ‘science emerged of economic individualism except:
as a saviour of mankind’? (a) free trade (b) the profit motive
(a) Many great thinkers contributed to the progress of (c) balance of trade (d) the negative state
science
(b) Science takes recourse to progressive march 4. Which of the following words can replace the bold
towards perfection word ‘truck’ ?
(c) Science is inclined towards reason and rationality (a) Dealing (b) Bargain
(d) Man was bound in chains by religious orthodoxy (c) Debate (d) Transport

5. Which of the following statements is not true in the 5. Which of the following statements is true ?
context of the passage? (a) The socialist and the individualist tend to be
(a) Man worships the forces of nature broadly similar in their views
(b) Methods of science and religion are different (b) The conservative believes that profit motive
(c) Regimental religion got degenerated into originates in selfishness
orthodoxy (c) The conservative is also an extreme individualist
(d) Galileo and Bruno were disciples of Copernicus (d) None of the above

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COMPREHENSION 59

Passage 32 4. Baconian liberal education is

(a) a lofty and ideal fantasy
All great thinkers live and move on a high plane of (b) instrumental in making human being rule over
thought. It is only there, they can breathe freely. It is only their destiny
in contact with spirits like themselves they can live (c) an engagement with the intricacies of the
harmoniously and attain that serenity which comes from day-to-day life
ideal companionship. (d) equivalent to ancient ideas of sublimity
The studies of all great thinkers must range along the 5. According to the passage, our sublime discontent is
highest altitudes of human thought. I have always due to
thought that the strongest argument in favour of the (a) realisation of our lack of contact with God
Baconian theory was, that no man, however, indubitable (b) acute sense of loneliness in a hostile world
his genius, could have written the play and sonnets that (c) possibility of immortality through some channels
have come down to us under Shakespeare’s own name to God and inability to get hold of it
who had not the liberal education of Bacon. (d) the contrast between the ideals in great literature
and their opposite in the real life
The magnificent ideals that have ever haunted the
human mind and given us our highest proofs of a future
immortality by reason of the impossibility of their Passage 33
fulfillment here, are splintered into atoms by contact with There is a common thread running through the
life’s realities. Hence, comes our sublime discontent. A unravelling of India’s statistical system. A modern
habitual mediation on the vast problems that underline economy with sound institutions is characterised by
human life and are knit into human destinies-thoughts of timely dissemination of credible data. A long-term policy
immortality, of the littleness of mere man, of the needs an empirical basis and issues of veracity of data will
greatness of man’s soul, of the splendor of the universe influence investment decisions. In a country with a large
that are invisible to the ordinary traffickers in the street, population of youth, data on national development,
as the vastness of St. Peter’s is to the spinder that weaves especially in core sectors like agriculture, industry,
her web in a corner of the dome-these things do not fit health, education and employment, will be critical. Here
men to understand the average human being, or tolerate comes the role of National Statistical Commission, a body
with patience the sordid wretchedness of the created to establish standards.
unregenerated masses. Questioning the data veracity is a global phenomenon.
It is easy to understand, therefore, why such thinkers fly The official narrative is always questioned by the people
to the solitude of their own thoughts, or the silent on the other side of the fence. Dissemination of economic
companionship of the immortals and if they care to data is essential to reach out to the public who lived their
present their views in prose or verse to the world, that reality. Lack of data will adversely impact the quality of
these views take a sombre and melancholy setting from national policies. India must start strengthening
‘the pale caste of thought’ in which they were institutions such as the Central Statistical Commission.
engendered. These institutions must be granted autonomy and
insulated from external interferences. Enhanced
1. Great thinkers are content to live
operational autonomy will make their work credible. An
(a) amidst crises of civilisations
indicator of operational autonomy is their ability to stick
(b) in lofty thoughts with exceptional calm
(c) at high altitudes in order to be away from society
to a dissemination calendar regardless of what the data
(d) with complexities of and find solutions to them indicates.

2. Why do great thinkers love solitude? 1. What is important for a modern economy?
(a) To be in pursuit of the ideal in the company of (a) A common thread
immortals (b) Dissemination of credible data
(b) To spend time in peace (c) Unravelling of statistical system
(c) Because they are misanthropists (d) Selective distribution of data
(d) Because the world is unhealthy for them
2. What is the work of National Statistical
3. Immortality is the crucial idea constantly being Commission?
explored by (a) Establishing standards
(a) Ordinary traffickers (b) Questioning data veracity
(b) Great thinkers (c) Questioning official narrative
(c) Gods who appear to the thinkers (d) Supporting the public perception
(d) Scientists

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60 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

3. What does the passage ultimately suggest to 2. According to John Merrill, seeking improvement in
National Statistical Commission? media, is
(a) Restricting policy decisions (a) appropriate (b) well-intentioned
(b) Critically examining data veracity (c) inevitable (d) self-serving
(c) Stick to a calendar of data dissemination 3. The passage critically analyses
(d) Support development in core sectors
(a) operation of journalists
4. Investment decision are impacted by (b) mandate for government
(a) youth population (c) social responsibility theory of media
(b) national development (d) regimented autonomy of journalists
(c) issues of data veracity 4. Some scholars consider social responsibility aspect
(d) establishment of national institutes of media as
5. How can the quality of national policies be (a) negative freedom (b) pluralism
improved? (c) democratisation of media(d) authoritarianism
(a) By living in reality 5. Positive freedom means
(b) By supporting external interferences (a) grounded thought
(c) By controlling autonomous institutions (b) pursuing certain set goals
(d) By enhanced operational freedom (c) freedom with conditions
(d) providing identified means

Passage 34 Passage 35
Perhaps what bothered the media in 1970s was the shift
Michelangelo is famous for having successfully
in liberty being suggested. For centuries, journalists had
interpreted the human body. His great achievement is
operated on the basis of negative liberty, or freedom from
that of the painting of David whose hands reach out as a
external restraints. Suddenly, however, the thrust was
sign of human capability and potential. It is assumed that
positive freedom, a freedom for pursuit of some
the time he lived was ripe for exchange of knowledge,
predetermined goals. This new social responsibility seems
development in science and matured enough to advance
grounded on a school of thought that sees negative liberty
the horizon of investigation in all fields. Renaissance
as insufficient and ineffective, somewhat like telling
humanism stressed on a serious rethink on the nature of
people they are free to walk without first making sure they
art that focussed on accurate details. In painting and
are not crippled.
sculpture, artists focussed on not so casual but verifiable
Who better than government is able to provide humanity and minute details. Michelangelo’s paintings are no
with appropriate means? exception to it. In a study published in the journal of the
Government, even a democratic government, is seen by Royal Society of Medicine, a group of surgeons are of the
social responsibility adherents as the only force strong opinion that the great master was “afflicted by an illness
enough to guarantee effective operation of freedom. This involving his joints.” They have used his portraits as
does not mollify observers who find social responsibility to evidence to argue their view. During his life, he
be only slightly disguised version of authoritarianism. complained of what he felt to be ‘gout’. Later he
Media philosopher John Merrill has been one of the most complained of his sore and stiff hands which the doctors
outspoken critics of the theory. would find to be natural for someone who was engaged in
To him, the proposition that pluralism of ideas should be handmade art. The doctors found corroboration of those
governmentally mandated is ludicrous. Journalists, he claims in portraits of the artist that show a hanging left
says, must retain their freedom to make their own news hand with both degenerative and non-degenerative
and editorial judgements. Even well-intentioned attempts changes. They attribute the pain not just to arthritis, but
by outside groups seeking media improvement are to the stress of hammering and chiselling and note that
self-serving, and inevitably lessen the autonomy of though the master was seen hammering days before his
journalists, Merrill maintains. This leads us to the issue of death at an old age, he did not write or sign his own letters
media autonomy. before his death. In recent times, there have been
attempts to diagnose famous artists with diseases that
1. What was the basis of the operation of journalists were not known during their time. This practice has
earlier? raised many questions, especially on the issue of ethics in
(a) Freedom of limited choices research. It is also inferred from authentic analysis that
(b) Social responsibility Michelangelo persisted in his work until his last days.
(c) Free from outside pressure
This theory would emphasise that his artistic subject
(d) Government control
defied his physical infirmities.

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COMPREHENSION 61

1. What generalisation do people subscribe to? The main goal at this stage is to take off to a good start and
(a) Establishing facts by DNA tests make a place in the market. The next stage, the early
(b) Inferring the essence of character from famous growth phase, aims at increased sales and more
people’s handwriting development. The focus at this stage remains on the
(c) Carbon dating of the hair of celebrities to draw original product or service but the effort is to increase the
conclusion on their physical structure market share and venture into related products or
(d) To retroactively diagnose famous artists and public services.
figures of conditions that were not prevalent
during their time The main goal is to move the founder to a more
managerial role so more time is spent on managing and
2. Renaissance painting in Europe was sceptical of building the business. At this stage, documents and
(a) the obsessive medieval method of accuracy policies need to be developed so any member of the
(b) the classical simplicity and lack of control
organisation can see the business any time.
(c) the case and decorative excess of earlier art
(d) expressionist technique The third stage, the continuous growth stage, requires a
systematic structure and more formal relationships
3. The controversy that the passage above refers to is among its participants. At this stage, the resource
whether requirements of the business need careful handling.
(a) Michelangelo worked under duress
(b) Michelangelo could contain his physical infirmity
The focus is on the expansion of the business, keeping in
by artistic excellence mind its core strength and capability. A formal
(c) Michelangelo submitted to disease organisational structure and a clear delegation plan are
(d) Michelangelo survived different diseases before important at this stage. At the fourth stage of maturity, a
pursing art business often slows down as the level of innovative
4. Michelangelo lived during a time that lets us know energy may have become weak and the formal structures
that may have become obstacles. A lot of care is required to
(a) human aspirations are limitless and open to new prevent decline.
vistas of knowledge
1. The resource requirements of a business need
(b) cross cultural exchange in ideas is the only way for
careful handling at which stage?
human progress
(c) it is progress of science and anatomy that (a) Fourth (b) First
contributes to civilisations exclusively (c) Third (d) Second
(d) human beings possess language which is the only 2. Venturing into related products and services does
key to knowledge not mean that a business will
5. What actually may be concluded from the above (a) ignore the original product
passage? (b) move the founder: to a more managerial role
(a) Physical infirmities do dissuade people with (c) delegate more responsibilities
capabilities from excelling (d) ignore the related products and services
(b) Excellence in any form triumphs over extraneous 3. The founder of a business does not move to a more
factors including physical ailments managerial role at which stage?
(c) Michelangelo’s gout and other ailments lessened (a) Early growth stage
his efficiency (b) Maturity stage
(d) The diseases Michelangelo faced were due to (c) Decline stage
constant hammering (d) Start up stage

Passage 36 4. The slowing down of a business can happen

if
A business will usually go through a clear set of stages that (a) there is a decline in the market share
will make up its organisational life cycle. These stages (b) the level of innovative energy weakens
include introduction, early growth, continuous growth, (c)the managerial roles are not clear
maturity and decline. The first stage, the introduction (d) the level of investment declines
stage, is the start-up phase where a business decides what
5. When will a business create its place in the
its core strengths and capabilities are and starts selling its market?
product or service. At this early stage, the founder or (a) At maturity (b) At introduction
founders will be a part of every aspect of the daily process (c) At early growth (d) At late growth
of the business.

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62 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Passage 37 Passage 38
An important difference between human beings and Geography seeks to understand the physical and human
animals is the property of language. Animals have a organisation of the surface of the Earth. In the field of
rudimentary information process but this process does geography, inter-related themes are frequently seen.
not have the sophistication and complexity of human These are scale, pattern and process. Scale is defined as
language. the level of structure or organisation at which a
If two dogs communicate, they pass on information but phenomenon is studied. Pattern is defined as the
they can’t discuss details the way humans can. While variation observed in a phenomenon studied at a
humans are blessed to possess the language faculty, most particular scale. The third theme, process, further
of the time they don’t utilise it to its greatest potential. connects the first two. Process is defined as the
description of how the factors that affect a phenomenon
Perhaps this is because human beings tend to react rather
act to produce a pattern at a particular scale. For
than respond. And a lot of the message of languages is lost
instance, when a passenger on an aircraft looks out of the
in this reaction.
window, the view changes according to the scale.
In the daily use of language, people forget the complex
At the global scale when the aircraft maintains its height,
process involved in order to put even one word in place.
he can see the chunks of clouds in all their pattern, the
The wonder of this process lies in the fact that it is
sun or the moon, as per the time. When the aircraft loses
involuntary in nature, the whole set of chain processes
a little height, passengers can see the land and water
right from the command in the brain to the forming of
masses in their different colours and the shape of land
words from the message required to the movement of the
masses. At the continental scale, the passengers can see
vocal chords and corresponding movements in the lungs
the shapes of the land features and how they are
and mouth takes place within seconds. Perhaps the whole
distributed. The pattern emerges as the variation of land
suggestion of ‘think before you speak’, may lead to a silent
and water and the proportion of each. Looking carefully,
world! In the world of daily interaction, language becomes
passengers can note how each land mass aligns with the
a marker and a means of projecting identity.
others and how each mountain bears the signs of the
The people around us identify us with a certain style of process through which it emerged.
using language and unknowingly, each language user
The processes in a geography change in a regular and
follows this style by habit. It is not a bad idea to record
repetitive manner. One instance of this is the annual
one’s spoken communication from time to time, as this
solar cycle of the sun and the earth. Most systems in
will assist in removing any unwanted elements that the
nature display time cycles that are organised in a rhythm
speech may be expressing. Similarly, it is a good idea to
of their own as these time cycles and natural processes
step back once in a while and read one’s written
are always active, the environment of the earth is always
communication objectively.
in a state of dynamism. This environmental change is not
1. The world will become a silent place if people will only the result of natural process but also the result of
think human activity. Physical geography works towards
(a) too much (b) before listening understanding the interaction between man and nature
(c) before responding (d) before speaking and also the results of this interaction in order to manage
global climate change better.
2. The process of language is a wonder because it is
(a) a reaction (b) a response 1. The time cycles of the system of nature follow their
(c) smooth (d) involuntary own
(a) path (b) rhythm
3. Which of the following forms is assumed by the
(c) process (d) cycle
language style of a person?
(a) A reaction (b) A habit 2. The view seen by a passenger looking out of the
(c) A response (d) A thought window of an aircraft; will be affected by the
(a) process (b) pattern
4. When human beings react rather than respond
(c) scale (d) rhythm
(a) they lose the message (b) they lose control
(c) they become emotional (d) they can’t speak 3. Physical geography studies the results of
the interaction between man and nature in order to
5. Animals do not possess language because
(a) understand global climate change
(a) the power of speech is missing
(b) study the impact of man’s activities on nature
(b) the life breath is missing
(c) address the issue of global climate change
(c) the level of complexity is missing
(d) reduce man-animal conflict
(d) the information-sharing is missing

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COMPREHENSION 63

4. In geography, pattern studies the variation 4. What is reported in respect of successful

observed in a phenomenon at leadership?
(a) a particular scale (b) any scale (a) Respect depends on the accomplishments of the
(c) every scale (d) most scale leader
(b) Respect comes out of respect
5. The alignment of a landmass with other elements (c) Respect depends on the skills of the leadership
can be seen by a passenger on a flight on a (d) Respect depends on experience of the leadership
(a) global scale (b) continental scale
(c) local scale (d) time scale 5. The preventive maintenance strategy used by a
respected manager will mean to the subordinates.
Passage 39 (a) An attempt to become sincere.
(b) An attempt to become mean-spirited.
One of the findings of the research into successful (c) An attempt to resolve problems.
leadership is the fact that respect is always a two-way (d) An attempt to cause problems.
street. No matter how powerful you are, no matter what
your experience, skills and accomplishments, you will not Passage 40
be respected by others if you consistently treat them
If India has to develop her internal strengths, the nation
disrespectfully. Friendliness i.e., treating others politely
has to focus on the technological imperatives, keeping in
and showing interest in them-is a way of showing your
mind three dynamic dimensions : the people, the overall
respect for other people and in return they respect you. If
economy and the strategic interests. These technological
as a manager you are respected, preventive maintenance
imperatives also take into account a ‘fourth’ dimension,
strategy will be accepted as a sincere attempt to resolve
time, an offshoot of modern day dynamism in business,
problems rather than a mean-spirited attempt to cause
trade and technology that leads to continually shifting
problems.
targets.
As important as friendliness is, I want to make sure you
We believe that technological strengths are especially
are not mislead into believing that friendliness will
crucial in dealing with this fourth dimension underlying
replace or correct poor management. I have seen effective
continuous change in the aspirations of the people, the
managers who did not use this friendliness element but
economy in the global context and the strategic interests.
could have been more effective if they did use it. I have
The progress of technology lies at the heart of human
seen very friendly managers who were ineffective because
history. Technological strengths are the key to creating
they were not doing effective management things. In
more productive employment in an increasingly
other words, managers who intervene effectively in a
competitive market place and to continually upgrade
friendly way are always more effective than managers who
human skills.
intervene effectively in a non-friendly way. Maintaining a
friendly relationship is another part of maintaining work Without a pervasive use of technologies, we cannot
performance. It also helps you avoid having people try to achieve overall development of our people in the years to
hurt you because they do not like you. It might save your come. The direct linkages of technology to the nation’s
life. strategic strengths are becoming more and more clear,
especially since 1990s. India’s own strength in a number
1. According to the passage, friendliness in of core areas still puts it in a position of reasonable
management terms implies strength in geo-political context.
(a) making management effective Any nation aspiring to become a developed one needs to
(b) making management ineffective have strengths in various strategic technologies and also
(c) replacing poor management the ability to continually upgrade them through its own
(d) correcting ineffective management
creative strengths. For people-oriented actions as well,
2. The central idea of the passage is whether for the creation of large scale productive
(a) friendliness improves the work-ethos employment or for ensuring nutritional and health
(b) friendliness avoids change of feeling hurt security for people or for better living conditions,
(c) friendliness is necessary for management technology is the only vital input.
(d) friendliness is a negative factor for management
The absence of greater technological impetus could lead
3. The passage highlights which of the following to lower productivity and wastage of precious natural
feature of a successful leadership? resources. Activities with low productivity or low value
(a) Reciprocity of the leader addition, in the final analysis hurt the poorest most. The
(b) Least concern for relationship by the leader technological imperatives to lift our people to a new life
(c) Independence of the leader and to a life they are entitled to is important.
(d) Dependence of the leader

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64 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

India, aspiring to become a major economic power in Change (IPCC), the effects of climate change have
terms of trade and increase in GDP, cannot succeed on already been observed, and scientific findings indicate
the strength of turnkey projects designed and built abroad that precautionary and prompt action is necessary.
or only through large-scale imports of plant and Vulnerability to climate change is not just a function of
machinery, equipment and know how. Even while being geography or dependence on natural resources; it also has
alive to the short-term realities, medium and long-term social, economic and political dimensions which
strategies to develop core technological strengths within influence how climate change affects different groups.
our industry are vital for envisioning a developed India. Poor people rarely have insurance to cover loss of
property due to natural calamities i.e., drought, floods,
1. Envisioning a developed India requires
super cyclones, etc.
(a) focus on short-term projects
(b) development of core technological strengths The poor communities are already struggling to cope with
(c) aspiration to become a major economic player the existing challenges of poverty and climate variability
(d) dependence upon projects designed abroad and climate change could push many beyond their ability
to cope or even survive. It is vital that these communities
2. Absence of technology would lead to are helped to adapt to the changing dynamics of nature.
1. less pollution. Adaptation is a process through which societies make
2. wastage of precious natural resources. themselves better able to cope with an uncertain future.
3. low value addition. Adapting to climate change entails taking the right
4. hurting the poorest most. measures to reduce the negative effects of climate (or
Select the most appropriate answer from the exploit the positive ones) by making the appropriate
following codes. adjustments and changes.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2, 1 and 4 These range from technological options such as increased
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4 sea defences or flood-proof houses on stilts to behavioural
3. According to the given passage, which of the change at the individual level, such as reducing water use
following are indicative of the fourth dimension? in times of drought. Other strategies include early
1. Aspirations of people.
warning systems for extreme events, better water
management, improved risk management, various
2. Modern day dynamism.
insurance options and biodiversity conservation.
3. Economy in the global context.
4. Strategic interests.
Because of the speed at which climate change is
happening due to global temperature rise, it is urgent that
Select the most appropriate answer from the the vulnerability of developing countries to climate
following codes. change is reduced and their capacity to adapt is increased
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 4 and national adaptation plans are implemented.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
Adapting to climate change will entail adjustments and
4. More productive employment demands changes at every level from community to national and
(a) geo-political considerations international. Communities must build their resilience,
(b) large industries
including adopting appropriate technologies while
(c) pervasive use of technology
making the most of traditional knowledge and diversifying
(d) limiting competitive market place
their livelihoods to cope with current and future climate
5. The advantage of technological inputs would result stress. Local coping strategies and knowledge need to be
in used in synergy with government and local interventions.
(a) sidelining environmental issues The need of adaptation interventions depends on
(b) lifting our people to a life of dignity national circumstances.
(c) unbridled technological growth
There is a large body of knowledge and experience within
(d) importing plant and machinery
local communities on coping with climatic variability and
extreme weather events. Local communities have always
Passage 41 aimed to adapt to variations in their climate.
Climate change is considered to be one of the most To do so, they have made preparations based on their
serious threats to sustainable development, with adverse resources and their knowledge accumulated through
impacts on the environment, human health, food experience of past weather patterns. This includes times
security, economic activity, natural resources and when they have also been forced to react to and recover
physical infrastructure. Global climate varies naturally. from extreme events, such as floods, drought and
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate hurricanes.

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COMPREHENSION 65

Local coping strategies are an important element of eloquently voiced in Tagore’s later poems and his last
planning for adaptation. Climate change is leading testament, ‘Crisis in Civilisation’. The Indian intelligentsia
communities to experience climatic extremes more was in a state of moral dilemma.
frequently, as well as new climate extremes. Traditional On the one hand, it could not help sympathising with
knowledge can help to provide efficient appropriate and England’s dogged courage in the hour of peril, with the
time-tested ways of advising and enabling, adaptation to Russian fighting with their backs to the wall against the
climate change in communities who are feeling the ruthless Nazi hordes, and with China groaning under the
effects of climate changes due to global warming. heel of Japanese militarism; on the other hand, their own
1. To address the challenge of climate change, country was practically under military occupation of their
developing countries urgently require own soil and an Indian army under Subhas Bose was
(a) implementation of national adaptation policy at trying from the opposite camp to liberate their country.
their level No creative impulse could issue from such confusion of
(b) adoption of short-term plans loyalties. One would imagine that the achievement of
(c) adoption of technological solutions Indian Independence in 1947, which came in the wake of
(d) imposition of climate change tax the Allies’ victory and was followed by the collapse of
2. Given below are the factors of vulnerability of poor colonialism in the neighbouring countries of South-East
people to climate change. Asia, would have released an upsurge of creative energy.
1. Their dependence on natural resources. No doubt it did, but unfortunately it was soon submerged
2. Geographical attributes. in the great agony of partition, with its inhuman
3. Lack of financial resources. slaughter of the innocents and the uprooting of millions
4. Lack of traditional knowledge. of people from their homeland, followed by the
Select the most appropriate answer from the martyrdom of Mahatma Gandhi.
following codes. These tragedies, along with Pakistan’s invasion of
(a) 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Kashmir and its later atrocities in Bangladesh, did indeed
(c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 provoke a poignant writing, particularly in the languages
of the regions most affected, Bengali, Hindi, Kashmiri,
3. Adaptation as a process enables societies to cope with
Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu. But poignant or passionate
1. an uncertain future. writing does not by itself make great literature.
2. adjustments and changes.
What reserves of enthusiasm and confidence survived
3. negative impact of climate change.
these disasters have been mainly absorbed in the task of
4. positive impact of climate change. national reconstruction and economic development.
Select the most appropriate answer from the Great literature has always emerged out of chains of
following codes. convulsions. Indian literature is richer today in volume,
(a) Both 1 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 range and variety than it ever was in the past.
(c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. What was the impact of the last great war on
4. The main focus of the passage is on Indian literature?
(a) co-ordination between regional and national efforts (a) It had no impact
(b) adaptation to climate change (b) It aggravated popular revulsion against violence
(c) social dimensions of climate change (c) It shook the foundations of literature
(d) combining traditional knowledge with appropriate (d) It offered eloquent support to the Western World
technology
2. What did Tagore articulate in his last testament?
5. The traditional knowledge should be used through
(a) Offered support to Subhas Bose
(a) improvement in national circumstances
(b) Exposed the humane pretensions of the Western
(b) synergy between government and local interventions World
(c) modern technology (c) Expressed loyalty to England
(d) its dissemination (d) Encouraged the liberation of countries

Passage 42 3. What was the stance of Indian intelligentsia

during the period of great war?
The last great war, which nearly shook the foundations of (a) Indifference to Russia’s plight
the modern world, had little impact on Indian literature (b) They favoured Japanese militarism
beyond aggravating the popular revulsion against violence (c) They prompted creativity out of confused loyalties
and adding to the growing disillusionment with the (d) They expressed sympathy for England’s dogged
‘humane pretensions’ of the Western World. This was courage

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66 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

4. Identify the factor responsible for the submergence Regional capital concentrations in places such as New
of creative energy in Indian literature. York, London and Tokyo still persist, of course, but the
(a) Military occupation of one’s own soil capital concentrated there is no longer sufficient for
(b) Resistance to colonial occupation competitive advantage over other capitalists distributed
(c) Great agony of partition worldwide.
(d) Victory of Allies Only if an organisation is able to combine, integrate and
5. What was the aftermath that survived tragedies in apply its resources (e.g. land, labour capital, IT) in an
Kashmir and Bangladesh? effective manner i.e. not readily imitable by competitors
(a) Suspicion of other countries can such an organisation enjoy competitive advantage
(b) Continuance of rivalry sustainable overtime.
(c) Menace of war In a knowledge-based theory of the firm, this idea is
(d) National reconstruction extended to view organisational knowledge as a resource
6. The passage has the message that with atleast the same level of power and importance as
(a) disasters are inevitable the traditional economic inputs. An organisation with
(b) great literature emerges out of chains of superior knowledge can achieve competitive advantage in
convulsions markets that appreciate the application of such
(c) Indian literature does not have a marked knowledge.
landscape
(d) literature has no relation with war and 1 Which country enjoyed competitive advantages in
independence automobile industry for decades?
(a) South Korea (b) Japan
Passage 43 (c) Mexico (d) Malaysia

In terms of labour, for decades the relatively low cost and 2 Why labour-based competitive advantages of India
high quality of Japanese workers conferred considerable and Singapore cannot be sustained in IT and
competitive advantages across numerous durable goods service sectors?
and consumer electronics industries (e.g. machinery, (a) Due to diminishing levels of skill
automobile, TV, radio). (b) Due to capital-intensive technology making in roads
(c) Because of new competitors
Then labour-based advantages shifted to South Korea, (d) Because of shifting of labour-based advantage in
then to Malaysia, Mexico and other nations. Today, China manufacturing industries
appears to be capitalising best on the basis of labour.
Japanese firms still remain competitive in markets for 3 How can an organisation enjoy competitive
advantage sustainable overtime?
such durable goods, electronics and other products, but
(a) Through regional capital flows
the labour force is no longer sufficient for competitive
(b) Through regional interactions among business
advantage over manufacturers in other industrialising
players
nations. (c) By making large banks, industries and markets
Such shifting of labour-based advantage is clearly not coalesced
limited to manufacturing industries. Today, a huge (d) By effective use of various instrumentalities
number of IT and service jobs are moving from Europe
4 What is required to ensure competitive advantages
and North America to India, Singapore and like countries
in specific markets?
with relatively well-educated, low-cost workforces
possessing technical skills. 1. Access to capital.
2. Common office buildings.
However, as educational levels and technical skills
3. Superior knowledge.
continue to rise in other countries, India, Singapore and
like nations enjoying labour-based competitive advantage Select the most appropriate answer from the
today are likely to find such advantage cannot be following codes.
sustained through emergence of new competitors. (a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2
(c) Only 3 (d) All of these
In terms of capital, for centuries the days of gold coins
and later even paper money restricted financial flows. 5 The passage also mentions about the trend of
Subsequently regional concentrations were formed where (a) global financial flow
large banks, industries and markets coalesced. But today (b) absence of competition in manufacturing industry
capital flows internationally at rapid speed. Global (c) regionalisation of capitalists
commerce no longer requires regional interactions (d) organisational incompatibility
among business players.

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COMPREHENSION 67

Passage 44 5. What is the main concern of the author?

(a) That the teens have forgotten the art of
I did that thing recently where you have to sign a big handwriting
card-which is a horror unto its especially as the keeper of (b) That the teens use social networks for
the big card was leaning over me at the time. Suddenly I communication
was on the spot, a rabbit in the headlights, torn between (c) That the teens use mobile phones
doing a fun message or some sort of in-joke or a drawing. (d) That the teens use computer
Instead overwhelmed by the myriad options available to
me, I decided to just write ‘Good luck, best, Joel’. It was Passage 45
then that I realised, to my horror, that I had forgotten how
Storytelling is not in our genes. Neither it is an
to write.
evolutionary history. It is the essence of what makes us
My entire existence is ‘tap letters into computer’. My human. Human beings progress by telling stories. One
shopping lists are hidden in the notes function of my event can result in a great variety of stories being told
phone. If I need to remember something I send an e-mail about it. Sometimes, those stories differ greatly. Which
to myself. A pen is something I chew when I am struggling stories are picked up and repeated and which ones are
to think. Paper is something I pile beneath my laptop to dropped and forgotten often determines, how we
make it a more comfortable height for me to type on. progress. Our history, knowledge and understanding are
A poll of 1000 teens by the stationers, Bic found that one all the collections of the few stories that survive.
in 10 don’t own a pen, a third have never written a letter, This includes the stories that we tell each other about the
and half of 13 to 19 years-old have never been forced to sit future. And how the future will turn out depends partly,
down and write a thank you letter. More than 80% have possibly largely, on which stories we collectively choose to
never written a love letter, 56% don’t have letter paper at believe. Some stories are designed to spread fear and
home and a quarter have never known the unique torture concern. This is because some storytellers feel that there
of writing a birthday card. The most a teen ever has to use is a need to raise some tensions. Some stories are
a pen is on an exam paper. frightening, they are like totemic warnings. ‘Fail to act
Bic, have you heard of mobile phones? Have you heard of now and we are all doomed. Then, there are stories that
e-mail, facebook and snap chatting? This is the future. indicate that all will be fine so long as we leave everything
Pens are dead. Paper is dead. Handwriting is a relic. upto a few especially able adults. Currently, this trend is
“Handwriting is one of the most creative outlets we have being led by those who call themselves ‘rational optimists’.
and should be given the same importance as other art They tend to claim that it is human nature to compete
forms such as sketching, painting or photography.” and to succeed and also to profit at the expense of others.
The rational optimists however, do not realise, how
1. According to the author, which one is not the most humanity has progressed overtime through amiable social
creative outlet of pursuit?
networks and how large groups work in less selfishness
(a) Reading (b) Handwriting
and in the process accommodate rich and poor, high and
(c)Photography (d) Sketching
low alike. This aspect in storytelling is considered by the
2. When confronted with signing a big card, the ‘Practical Possibles’, who sit between those who say all is
author felt like ‘a rabbit in the headlight’. What fine and cheerful and be individualistic in your approach
does this phrase mean? to a successful future and those who ordain pessimism
(a) A state of pain (b) A state of confusion and fear that we are doomed.
(c) A state of pleasure (d) A state of anxiety
What the future holds for us is, which stories we hold on
3. How many teens, as per the Bic survey do not own to and how we act on them?
a pen?
1. Our knowledge is a collection of
(a) 100 (b) 800
(a) all stories that we have heard during our life-time
(c) 560 (d) 500
(b) some stories that we remember
4. The entire existence of the author revolves round (c) a few stories that survive
1. computer. 2. mobile phone. (d) some important stories
3. typewriter. 2. Storytelling is
Select the correct answer using the codes given (a) an art
below. (b) a science
(a) Both 2 and 3 (b) Only 2 (c) in our genes
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) All of these (d) the essence of what makes us human

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68 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

3. How the future will turn out to be, depends upon 2. The nude fighters
the stories? (a) looked vulgar and spineless
(a) We collectively choose to believe in (b) leapt around a fire
(b) Which are repeatedly narrated (c) fought like ferocious devils
(c) Designed to spread fear and tension (d) slowly bled to death
(d) Designed to make prophecy
3. The battle was nauseating, but the narrator was
4. Rational optimists (a) forced to watch it by the fighters
1. look for opportunities. (b) inexplicably glued to the scene
2. are sensible and cheerful. (c) afraid to move away
3. are selfishly driven. (d) could not take the risk of being seen
Select the most appropriate answer from the
following codes. 4. The chief could be recognised because
(a) Both 1, 2 and 3 (b) Only 1 (a) he was wearing a large hat
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Both 2 and 3 (b) the colour of his hair was yellow
(c) he uttered terrible war cries
5. Humans become less selfish when (d) he was big and unfamiliar
(a) they work in large groups
(b) they listen to frightening stories 5. The chief
(c) they listen to cheerful stories (a) offered to make peace
(d) they work in solitude (b) led his men to victory
6. ‘Practical Possibles’ are the ones who (c) fought like a huge animal
1. follow midway path. (d) remained fixed like a pole
2. are doom-mongers.
3. are self-centred. Passage 47
Select the most appropriate answer from the Today the game reserves of East Africa are facing a
following codes. number of threats. Although they earn considerable
(a) Both 2 and 3 (b) Only 1 revenue by attracting tourists, they take up land which is
(c) Only 2 (d) All of these increasingly sought by the local people. While these
reserves feed and protect animals they are in danger of
Passage 46 turning into barren areas or deserts. Trees, shrubs and
The battle that immediately took place was frightful to be grass are gradually being eaten by grazing herds.
hold. Most of the men used sticks of huge size and strange Another problem is to be found in the changing attitudes
shapes, with which they beat each other’s heads. As they of the animals themselves. Many of them are losing their
wore almost no clothes and had to bound, leap and run in hereditary fear of man. In this way they may become a
their terrible hand to hand fights, they looked more like danger to visitors and thus to themselves. Attacks on
vehicles are beginning to increase and it is possible that
devils than human beings.
the problem will become serious in a few years time.
I felt my heart grew sick at the sight to their bloody battle
The problem of shortage of land is not a simple one. As
and would have liked to have turned away, but something the population increases, more and more people look
seemed to hold me down and keep my eyes upon the hungrily at the land set aside for game reserves. They
fighting men. I observed that the attacking party was led claim that Government’s first duty is to its inhabitants
by a most strange being, who, from his size and and not to tourists or to wild animals. Despite the income
strangeness I thought, was a chief. His hair stood out, so obtained from tourism, this is an argument which is
that it looked like a large hat. It was of a light yellow difficult to answer satisfactorily.
colour, which surprised me much, for the man’s body was
as black as coal and I felt certain that the hair must have 1. Why many local people look hungrily at the game
reserves?
been coloured. He was painted from head to toe. With his
(a) They may seek land for their own cultivation
yellow coloured hair, his huge black frame, his shining
(b) The animals may be a danger to them and their
eyes and white teeth, he seemed the most terrible villages
monster I ever saw. He was very terrible in the fight and (c) They may dislike living in a deserted place
had already killed four men. (d) They may be hungry and want to eat the animals
1. The narrator found that the battle was 2. What is causing soil erosion in the game reserves?
(a) a rare and pleasing event (a) The tropical heat
(b) being fought with different kinds of sticks (b) The disappearance of vegetation, which is eaten by
(c) being fought atop a hill the animals
(d) confined to members of the same group

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COMPREHENSION 69

(c) The violent storms, which are caused by grazing 2. It is best to attempt scaling a peak
herds (a) in the summer months
(d) The animals are losing their hereditary fear of man (b) between storms and gales
3. As far as you can tell from the passage, why does (c) early in May or in October
the Government bother to maintain game reserves? (d) when the monsoons are over
(a) To stop the people from using the land 3. The perils of intense cold may be counteracted by
(b) To keep the vegetation under control (a) a special kind of food and clothing
(c) To obtain income from tourism (b) the use of alcohol
(d) To make the country beautiful (c) climbing only during the morning hours
4. What may be the attitude of the animals (in these (d) the use of drugs and medicines
reserves) in general in a few years’ time? 4. When climbing in the Himalayas one must always
(a) They may become a nuisance in various ways remember that the weather is
(b) They may become too shy to be seen (a) severe (b) conquerable
(c) They may chase away every visitor who enters a (c) the supreme arbiter (d) fickle
game reserve
(d) They may become friendly with the local people 5. According to the author, what the mountaineer
today needs most is
5. To what does ‘this’ refer in the last sentence of the
(a) regular exercise (b) adequate medical aid
passage?
(c) financial support (d) modern equipment
(a) The income obtained from tourists who park their
cars in town
(b) The revenue from tourists who visit the game Passage 49
reserves The heart of Naval officer Sub Lieutenant Atul Kumar
(c) The clap concerning the duty of the government Pawar, 24, who died at a private hospital in Kochi has
(d) The problems concerning game reserve in East started beating in 50-year-old Subramanya Bhatt, a
Africa
patient in Kottayam Medical/College. The officer belongs
to Panchkula. The organ was transferred by road in an
Passage 48 hour through the green corridor set up by the district
But perfect organisation, faultless team-work, administration, Kochi and Kottayam city police.
indomitable courage, super human endurance, even the The Centre and the State government machinery moved
latest equipment-all these are unavailing unless the to fulfill the wish of naval officer's family who wanted
weather is kind. In the mountains it is the weather that their son's organs to be given to defence personnel
rules every thing. It may be fair in the early morning when awaiting donors. Following his request, naval officials
the climb begins, but unexpectedly blizzards may halt the contacted the members of National Organ and Tissue
climbers with inadequate protection on an exposed slope. Transplant Organisation (NOTTO), who in turn got in
The villains of the piece are cold wind and snow and in touch with the state government.
the Himalayas these conspire together for the whole year,
except for two short periods. The officials of Kerala Network for Organ Sharing
(KNOS) said that since the heart, liver and kidney were in
In early May and in October there may be short intervals
good condition, NOTTO began efforts to transfer organs
between the tremendous gales of winter and the
to the Army Hospital in Delhi. However, due to technical
treacherous snows of the monsoon.
difficulties, the plan was dropped. But continued efforts
Only in these intervals is there any chance of finding the ensured that at least one organ, a kidney, was given to a
right weather conditions for an assault upon a peak. Cold patient at Air Force Command hospital in Bengaluru.
can atleast be kept at bay by warm clothing and
scientifically planned food and a certain amount of The kidney was transported by a special Indian Air Force
exercise; but against the wind and the snow of the worst (IAF) plane on Thursday and transferred to the Naval
Himalayan weather there is no defence. base, Kochi, from Aster Medicity hospital through a green
corridor.
1. The two greatest enemies of the Himalayan
climber are 1. Naval officer’s family refers to
(a) altitude and scarcity of oxygen (a) family of Subramanya Bhatt
(b) wind and snow (b) family of a martyr
(c) ice fields and rocks (c) family of Sub Lt Atul Kumar Pawar
(d) slopes and valleys (d) None of the above

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70 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

2. Who all set up the green corridor for the transfer of Qualifications and skills are essential in the success of an
the organs? individual but without values he is incomplete as a
(a) Kochi City Police person.
(b) Kottayam City Police Values are virtues that are imbibed by the children from
(c) District administration, Kochi their surroundings, the environment in which they are
(d) Both ‘a’ and ‘c’ brought up, the environment in which they live. The
3. Which plan was dropped due to technical people around them play a vital role in leaving an
difficulties? impression on the tender minds of these young
(a) Transforming of organs to Army Hospital, Delhi individuals. With the increasing trend of nuclear families,
(b) Transferring of organs to Kottayam Medical parents working round the clock, absence of grand
College parents and elderly in the family, children and up
(c) Transferring of organs to KNOS spending a lot of time with housemaids and caretakers.
(d) Transferring of organs to IAF
Here, role of the school and particularly the teacher
4. What does ‘government machinery’ refer to? becomes imperative to ensure that values are interwoven
(a) The machines used to transplant the organs. in all her lessons she takes up with her students. Values
(b) The government machines used to transport the should be a part of each lesson, each topic taken up
organs. irrespective of the subject being taught.
(c) Various governments working in tandem.
(d) The government surgeons used to conduct the 1. Education without strong character is like
organ transplant. (a) Ship with a captain
(b) Ship without sailors
5. The following organs of Sub Lt A K Pawar that (c) Ship without a captain
were finally transplanted successfully (d) Ship without harness
(a) Heart and Liver (b) Heart and Lungs
(c) Heart and Kidney (d) Lungs and Intestines 2. What goes a long way in building a person’s
character?
Passage 50 (a) Education (b) Values
(c) Unrest (d) Sports
In today’s world, where corruption, violence, unrest have
become so prevalent in our society, schools have an added 3. Which word in para 3 is the opposite of ‘Joint’?
responsibility to ensure that value education as a subject (a) Absence (b) Jointly
is taken seriously as a part of the curriculum to (c) Nuclear (d) Virtues
produce not just educated but also responsible citizens 4. Values should be a part of
with insightful minds who believe in giving back to the (a) each lesson (b) each student
society. (c) each teacher (d) each school
Values should be integrated in various aspects of life. It 5. Who play a vital role in leaving an impression on
goes without saying that values go a long way in building a the minds of children?
person's character. Education without strong character is (a) The people around them.
like a ship without a captain. Good education is (b) The serials they watch on TV.
inconceivable if it fails to inculcate values which are (c) The mobile phones they use.
indispensable for a holistic life. (d) The music they listen to.

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COMPREHENSION 71

Answer Key
Examples
Passage 8
Passage 1 (Factual)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (c)
11. (d)

Passage 2 (Discursive) Passage 9

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (c) 11. (c)

Passage 3 (Literary) Passage 10

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (c) 11. (b)

Passage 4 (Narrative) Literary Passage

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
Passage 11
Factual Passage 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a)
Passage 1
11. (a)
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a) Passage 12
Passage 2 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (d)
11. (b)
Passage 13
Passage 3 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (a)
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (c) 11. (b)
11. (a)
Passage 14
Passage 4
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (c)
11. (d)

Passage 5 Passage 15
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (c) 11. (a)

Discursive Passage Narrative Passage

Passage 6 Passage 16
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)
Passage 17
11. (b)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a)
Passage 7
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) Passage 18
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (b) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
11. (b)

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72 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Languages

Passage 19 Passage 14
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a)

Passage 20 Passage 15
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d)

Practice Exercise Passage 16

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
Passage 1
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d) Passage 17
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d)

Passage 2 Passage 18
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b)
Passage 19
Passage 3
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c) Passage 20
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)
Passage 4
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d) Passage 21
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b) 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b)
11. (c)
Passage 22
Passage 5
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a) Passage 23
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d)
Passage 6
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) Passage 24
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b)
Passage 7
Passage 25
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c)
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)
Passage 26
Passage 8
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c)
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a) Passage 27
Passage 9 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b)
Passage 28
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d)
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b)
Passage 10
Passage 29
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b) 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b)

Passage 11 Passage 30
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d)

Passage 12 Passage 31
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b) 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)

Passage 13 Passage 32
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)

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COMPREHENSION 73

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)

Passage 33 6. (b)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d)
Passage 43
Passage 34 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (b)
Passage 44
Passage 35 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) Passage 45
Passage 36 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (b)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b)
Passage 46
Passage 37
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c)
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
Passage 47
Passage 38
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
Passage 48
Passage 39 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Passage 49
Passage 40 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c)
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) Passage 50
Passage 41 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b)

Passage 42

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74 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

VERBAL
ABILITY
In order to understand what Verbal Ability means, it is important to define the term verbal.
Verbal in general means making use of words while communicating. The term ability in this
context refers to a candidate’s potential to use words effectively to generate meaning. In verbal
ability, effective use of grammar, vocabulary and comprehension is stressed. Thus, verbal ability
can be defined as making use of the essential components of the English language in order to
effectively communicate in both spoken and written forms.
Given below is the list of topics which are a part of the verbal ability section
1. Choose the correct word (Sentence Completion)
2. Antonyms and Synonyms
3. Idioms and Phrases
4. One Word Substitution
5. Spellings
6. Rearrangement of Sentences.

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VARBAL ABILITY 75

CHAPTER 01

Choose the Correct Word

(Sentence Completion)
Sentence completion test is a test which checks the comprehension ability and knowledge of words, of a candidate which
are required to be filled in the sentences. A sound vocabulary and knowledge of grammatical rules give an edge while
solving questions.
The candidates are asked to choose the best alternative given under a sentence to make the sentence complete and
meaningful.

Ex. 1 To err is ……… to forgive divine. Ex. 2 He was accused ……… stealing money from the
(a) human (b) inhuman wallet.
(c) natural (d) blunder (a) for (b) of (c) with (d) to
Ans. (a) ‘human’ is the correct alternative to be filled in the Ans. (b) Preposition ‘of ’ should be filled in the blank as phrasal
sentence as it is a proverb. verb ‘accuse of ’ mean charge with an offence or crime.

Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-39) Fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the alternatives given under each
sentence.
1. No sooner had she entered the 6. Mr Chahar is too old ……… climb 12. We cannot eat these fruits; they
cabin ……… the light went out and the hill. are ……… .
everyone started talking loudly. (a) for (b) at (c) to (d) of (a) rancid (b) bad
(a) than (b) when (c) old (d) rotten
7. The apples are now ……… enough
(c) if (d) and
to be picked. 13. Don’t ……… her, she has done no
2. My mother prefers drinking tea (a) ready (b) mature harm to any of us.
……… coffee. (c) advanced (d) ripe (a) accuse (b) admire
(a) than (b) to (c) discuss (d) scold
8. If he ……… a doctor, he would
(c) over (d) on
treat you free. 14. His answer was such ……… I
3. My teacher congratulated me (a) was (b) is expected him to give.
……… my victory in the match. (c) were (d) will be (a) that (b) as
(a) for (b) on (c) about (d) like
9. The meeting was presided ………
(c) to (d) in
by the President. 15. Fate smiled ……… him in all his
4. I have read one novel of Chetan (a) very (b) upon ventures.
Bhagat. I want to read ……… (c) over (d) on (a) at (b) with (c) on (d) over
novel of him. 10. The lawyer was threatened ……… 16. A son who is unable to look his
(a) other (b) second
dire consequences. father in the face is ……… .
(c) another (d) few
(a) with (b) for (c) of (d) by (a) timid (b) guilty
5. The Ganga overflowed its ……… (c) arrogant (d) ashamed
11. Madhur felt ………, the manager
and flooded the area.
rejected his proposal. 17. All of us should abide ……… the
(a) limits (b) fronts
(a) pleased (b) miserable laws of our country.
(c) edges (d) banks
(c) overjoyed (d) happy (a) on (b) by (c) to (d) with

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76 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

18. Today the standard of education 32. My sister fell ……… the bicycle as 43. Keith has ……… with a failure in
has ……… so much. she does not know riding. English examination thrice.
(a) deteriorates (a) off (b) from (c) of (d) under (a) caught (b) gone
(b) deteriorated (c) got (d) met
33. Health is too important to be
(c) deteriorate
……… . 44. The manager was ……… an
(d) will deteriorate
(a) discarded (b) detested explanation of his conduct.
19. I couldn’t buy the book because it (c) neglected (d) despised (a) called for (b) called off
was ……… . (c) called to (d) called up
34. The brand of your jeans is quite
(a) out of print (b) out of order
inferior ……… that of mine. 45. There are ……… books of
(c) out of sight (d) out of hand
(a) than (b) to computer science in your school
20. He came with a ……… of flowers. (c) over (d) with library, so you need to purchase
(a) herd (b) gang them from the market.
35. The writer is very efficient. He is
(c) panel (d) bunch (a) a few (b) a little
……… to his publication house.
21. One cannot lose what one ……… (c) few (d) the few
(a) a boon (b) a credit
had. (c) a blessing (d) an asset 46. The publisher is bringing … a
(a) once (b) never revised edition of this book.
36. Man must ……… now to stop
(c) always (d) have (a) up (b) about
pollution.
22. Never waste all your money on (c) out (d) round
(a) operate (b) act
purchase of some ……… items. (c) behave (d) perform 47. She had to ……… illness in order
(a) Trivial (b) important to avoid going to the party
37. Children enjoy ……… the TV
(c) excellent (d) significant meeting.
programmes.
23. What are you ……… in the (a) fain (b) feint
(a) to watch (b) to see
kitchen cupboard? (c) feign (d) faint
(c) watching (d) seeing
(a) looking in (b) looking to 48. This is our house and that is
(c) looking for (d) looking to 38. According to the weather ………
it is going to be cloudy today. ……… .
24. We have not yet fully realised the (a) prediction
(a) their (b) theirs
……… consequences of the war. (c) them (d) their’s
(b) forecast
(a) grim (b) happy (c) announcement 49. Your ……… nature will aid you in
(c) pleasing (d) exciting (d) indication attaining success in every venture
25. Rihana could not muster ……… 39. When my father got home last you undertake.
courage to stand against the evening, he found that we ……… . (a) lackadaisical (b) persevering
harassment. (a) have slept (c) catalytic (d) rotund
(a) to (b) up (b) had slept 50. Rita ..... her cooking last night.
(c) in (d) on (c) were sleeping (a) does not do (b) did not do
26. One requires great ……… to teach (d) will have slept (c) will not do (d) would not do
and handle little children. 51. I have known her ..... the end of
(a) attitude (b) anger Directions (Q. Nos. 40-70) In the
following questions, the sentence the World War II.
(c) knowledge (d) patience
(a) form (b) since
given with blanks to be filled in with
27. I would rather stay at home ……… (c) during (d) towards
the rain stops. an appropriate word. Select the
correct alternative out of the four 52. His appointment may ...... some
(a) unless (b) usually new life into the committee.
(c) until (d) for and indicate it by selecting the
(a) increase (b) inject
appropriate option.
28. I have got your point, ……… ? (c) infect (d) insure
(a) aren’t I (b) hadn’t I 40. I have ……… respect for his
53. The pages of the book ...... by Ravi
(c) haven’t I (d) have I achievement.
were lying on the floor.
(a) abundant (b) profound
29. People who ……… on horses (a) torn off (b) torn away
(c) strong (d) unique
usually lose in the end. (c) torn of (d) torn in
(a) gamble (b) play 41. Everyone was pleased to learn the
54. The computer ...... nonsense
(c) ride (d) save actor would ……… his role as the
because there was a mistake in the
captivating pirate.
30. I shall call ……… you tomorrow. programming.
(a) reprise (b) rescue
(a) up (b) on (a) produces (b) produced
(c) save (d) free
(c) with (d) down (c) will produce (d) produce
42. The diamond necklace was ………
31. Indeed, all over the world, more 55. That farmer may be old but he is ...
too extravagant for a simple dinner
and more people are ……… coffee. (a) less energetic
party. (b) more energetic
(a) wanting (b) drinking (a) distance (b) long (c) most energetic
(c) liking (d) partaking (c) very much (d) far (d) energetic

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Choose the Correct Word (Sentence Completion) 77

56. The monitor takes care ...... the 61. People from ..... and near came to 67. She is sad because her father
class ...... the absence of the see the final match of the turned ........... her request.
teacher. tournament yesterday. (a) up (b) off
(a) in, at (a) distance (c) out (d) down
(b) of, in (b) long
68. You should not confide ........... a
(c) during, in (c) above
stranger.
(d) of, for (d) far
(a) in (b) to
57. When he saw the fish swimming 62. The student ..... book I still have (c) with (d) by
...... the river, he was extremely can take it from me.
69. Poets have compared this world ...
happy. (a) that
a stage.
(a) on (b) whose
(a) with (b) to
(b) besides (c) which
(c) by (d) on
(c) in (d) his
(d) at 70. I prevailed ........... him to contest
63. Corruption should be ..... out with
the election.
58. The railway coaches .... by the the utmost vigour.
(a) on (b) off
integral coach factory, Chennai. (a) talked (b) left
(c) over (d) of
(a) is manufactured (c) rooted (d) brought
(b) are manufactured
(c) are manufacture
64. Books are a great source ..... ANSWERS
happiness.
(d) is being manufactured 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d)
(a) of (b) for
6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (c) 9 (c) 10 (a)
59. The truck was .... when the bus (c) into (d) with 11 (b) 12 (d) 13 (a) 14 (b) 15 (c)
rammed into it. 65. He spoke ......... his travels. 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (b) 19 (a) 20 (d)
(a) stationery 21 (b) 22 (a) 23 (c) 24 (a) 25 (b)
(a) of (b) on 26 (d) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (a) 30 (b)
(b) machinary (c) about (d) along 31 (b) 32 (a) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (d)
(c) machinery 36 (b) 37 (c) 38 (b) 39 (b) 40 (b)
66. The telephone kept ........... ringing
(d) stationary 41 (a) 42 (d) 43 (d) 44 (a) 45 (c)
but no one attended. 46 (c) 47 (c) 48 (b) 49 (b) 50 (b)
60. I haven’t ..... butter but I have a lot (a) off 51 (b) 52 (a) 53 (b) 54 (b) 55 (d)
of bread. (b) on 56 (b) 57 (c) 58 (b) 59 (d) 60 (c)
(c) up 61 (d) 62 (b) 63 (c) 64 (a) 65 (c)
(a) a lot of (b) little
(d) up with 66 (b) 67 (d) 68 (b) 69 (a) 70 (c)
(c) much (d) some

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CHAPTER 02

Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms
Synonyms are the words that mean exactly or nearly the same to each other.
e.g. (i) Abridge – Shorten, Curtail; (ii) Brave – Courageous, Daring

List of Words with Their Synonyms

Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms
Awkward Clumsy, Rough Adamant Stubborn, Brilliant Clever, Intelligent Consent Agree, Permit
Allure Entice, Fascinate Inflexible Bliss Happiness, Joy Concede Yield, Assent
Abortive Vain, Unproductive Adjunct Complement, Brave Valiant, Bold Comprise Include, Contain
Addition
Allay Pacify, Soothe Build Construct, Make Compassion Kindness,
Abandon Leave Sympathy
Axiom Maxim, Truth Barbarous Uncivilised, Wild
Attain Gain, Acquire Concur Approve, Agree
Abjure Forsake, Renounce Bane Curse, Harm
Ascent Rise, Lift Chastise Punish, Admonish
Abject Despicable, Benefit Advantage, Gain
Servile Anguish Distress, Caricature Exaggeration,
Sorrow Banish Exile, Expel
Authentic Genuine, Reliable Imitation
Arrogant Disdainful, Beautiful Lovely, Pretty
Audacity Boldness, Captivity Imprisonment,
Imperious Bold Fearless, Daring Confinement
Arrogance
Avoid Ignore, Shun Bear Tolerate, Endure Captivate Charm, Fascinate
Abate Moderate,
Decrease Ability Capacity, Skill Busy Engaged, Calumny Defamation,
Acknowledge Admit, Confess Engrossed Aspersion
Arraign Charge, Blame
Aid Help, Relief Careful Cautious, Alert Callous Obdurate,
Apathy Unconcern,
Cease Desist, Stop Unfeeling
Indifference Apology Pardon, Excuse
Competent Able, Capable Calamity Adversity,
Alien Foreigner, Outsider Anger Fury, Rage Misfortune
Affront Provoke, Adept Proficient, Expert Chaste Pure, Simple
Cavity Depth, Hole
Irreverence Confess Admit, Disclose
Answer Reply, Despicable Worthless,
Adversity Misfortune, Calamity Response Consolation Solace, Comfort Shameless
Antipathy Hostility, Aversion Bustle Haste, Flurry Convict Criminal, Prisoner Disdain Detest, Despise
Amplify Enlarge, Extend Brittle Delicate, Fragile Candid Frank, Outspoken Deride Mock, Taunt
Alleviate Abate, Relieve Bleak Dismal, Gloomy Contrary Dissimilar, Deprive Despoil, Divest
Admonish Counsel, Reprove Benevolence Humanity, Conflicting
Demolish Ruin, Devastate
Adherent Follower, Disciple Generosity Contradict Deny, Oppose
Delicious Palatable, Tasteful
Absolve Pardon, Forgive Barbarous Uncivilised, Contempt Scorn, Disregard
Savage Deliberate Ponder, Intentional
Acrimony Harshness, Conspicuous Prominent, Obvious
Bitterness Baffle Frustrate, Perplex Defray Spend, Pay
Consolidate Compact, Strong
Accord Agreement, Bewitching Magical, Defile Contaminate,
Harmony Fascinating Consequence Effect, Outcome Pollute

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Synonyms and Antonyms 79

Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms

Defer Prolong, Suspend Gracious Courteous, Immunity Prerogative, Miraculous Marvellous,
Dedicate Devote, Consecrate Beneficent Privilege Extraordinary
Gorgeous Magnificent, Imminent Impending, Minute Diminutive, Miniature
Decipher Interpret, Reveal
Dazzling Brewing Numerous Profuse, Various
Deceit Deception, Artifice
Glut Stuff, Satiate Immerse Submerge, Involve Nullify Cancel, Annul
Decay Collapse,
Decomposition Gloom Obscurity, Darkness Immense Huge, Enormous Noxious Baneful, Injurious
Dainty Elegant, Exquisite Hypocrisy Insincerity, Falsity Immaculate Unsullied, Spotless Novice Tyro, Beginner
Evident Obvious, Apparent Hideous Frightful, Shocking Juvenile Young, Tender Nonchalant Indifferent,
Eternal Perpetual, Endless Heretic Non-conformist, Justify Defend, Exculpate Negligent
Secularist Just Honest, Impartial Nimble Prompt, Brisk
Esteem Respect,
Reverence Hazard Presumption, Judicious Thoughtful, Prudent Niggardly Miserly, Covetous
Danger
Eradicate Destroy, Jubilant Rejoicing, Negligent Inattentive,
Exterminate Haughty Arrogant, Pompous Triumphant Careless
Equivocal Uncertain, Harass Irritable, Molest Jovial Frolicsome, Overwhelm Triumph, Subjugate
Ambiguous Hardship Misfortune, Cheerful Outrage Offence,
Epitome Precise, Exemplar Difficulty Jaded Tired, Maltreatment
Endowment Grant, Benefit Holy Godly, Pious Exhausted Outbreak Eruption, Insurrection
Endeavour Undertake, Aspire Homage Tribute, Respect Jejune Dull, Boring Ornamental Decorative,
Humane Kind, Sympathetic Kindred Relation, Species Adorned
Encumbrance Hindrance,
Obstacle Humble Modest, Meek Keen Sharp, Ordain Order, Impose
Eloquence Expression, Poignant Oracular Cryptic, Vague
Haven Refuge, Shelter
Fluency Knave Dishonest, Opaque Obscure, Shady
Hygiene Cleanliness,
Eliminate Expel, Oust Scoundrel
Sanitation Offspring Descendants,
Elevate Dignify, Heighten Knell Death Bell, Siblings
Invincible Unconquerable,
Last Blow
Efface Destroy, Obliterate Impregnable Offensive Abhorrent,
Knotty Complicated, Arrogant
Ecstasy Delight, Exultation Intricate Tangled,
Difficult
Complicated Odious Malevolent,
Eccentric Strange, Abnormal Luxuriant Profuse,
Intrigue Scheme, Obnoxious
Fabricate Construct, Abundant
Conspiracy Occult Latent, Ambiguous
Produce Luscious Palatable,
Intrinsic Genuine, Obvious Evident, Apparent
Frugality Economy, Delicious
Fundamental Obstruct Impede, Prevent
Providence Lure Attract, Entice
Invective Accusation, Prudent Cautious, Discreet
Frivolous Petty, Worthless Censure Lunacy Delusion, Insanity
Frantic Violent, Agitated Queer Strange, Odd
Instil Inculcate, Inject Lucid Sound, Rational
Fragile Weak, Infirm Quit Leave, Abandon
Insolvent Indigent, Destitute Listless Lazy, Inattentive
Forsake Desert, Renounce Regard Respect, Esteem
Insipid Tasteless, Vapid Linger Loiter, Prolong
Fluctuate Deflect, Vacillate Rival Competitor,
Insinuate Communicate, Liberal Flexible, Generous Opponent
Flimsy Trifling, Allude Liable Accountable, Bound
Transparent Raise Increase, Lift
Ingenuous Undisguised, Naive Lenient Compassionate,
Fleeting Transient, Recover Regain, Obtain
Infringe Violate, Encroach Merciful
Temporary Release Free, Liberate
Inevitable Unavoidable, Lax Slack, Careless
Feud Strife, Quarrel Reliable Trustworthy,
Ascertained Lavish Abundant, Dependable
Ferocious Untamed, Excessive
Barbarous Incongruous Inappropriate, Ruin Destruction,
Absurd Mutual Joint, Identical Downfall
Feeble Weak, Frail
Incompetent Inefficient, Unskilled Mutinous Recalcitrant, Realize Accomplish, Fulfil
Fantastic Fanciful, Insurgent
Uncommon Inclination Disposition, Significant Distinctive,
Affection Murky Dusky, Dreary
Fanatical Narrow-minded, Important
Biased Impute Attribute, Ascribe Munificent Liberal, Hospitable
Settle Adjust,
Falter Fluctuate, Demur Impious Irreligious, Unholy Monotonous Irksome, Tedious Compromise
Fallacy Delusion, Mistake Impediment Hurdle, Momentous Notable, Eventful Separate Part, Divide
Guile Cunning, Deceit Obstruction Mollify Appease, Assuage Simple Plain, Natural
Grudge Hatred, Aversion Impartial Just, Unbiased Molest Paster, Harass Summary Synopsis,
Grisly Disgusting, Impair Diminish, Modest Humble, Courteous Substance
Atrocious Deteriorate Mitigate Alleviate, Relieve Sacred Holy, Consecrated

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80 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms Words Synonyms

Savage Wild, Uncivilised Teach Instruct, Educate Various Several, Many Waive Relinquish,
Vague Nuclear, Indefinite Remove
Scorn Contempt, Disdain Target Goal, Object
Vanish Disappear Wary Cautious,
Splendid Glorious, Tedious Boring, Dull Circumspect
Magnificient Vice Wickedness
Timid Cowardly, Shy Wane Decline, Dwindle
Strife Dispute, Discord
Vigour Energy, Force
Trust Faith, Confidence Wilt Wither, Perish
Struggle Fight, Battle
Victory Conguest,
Summit Top, Peak Uproar Tumult Yoke Connect, Harness
Success
Unique Unequalled, Yield Surrender,
Seize Capture, Arrest Vigilant Cautious, Alert
Matchless Abdicate
Temper Mood, Nature Venture Dare, Risk Yearn Languish, Crave
Urge Solicit, Plead
Tough Aggressive, Wicked Immoral, Sinful Zest Delight,
Understanding Insight, Perception
Unyielding Withhold Retrain, Detain Enthusiasm
Tremendous Huge, Colossal Variety Assortment,
Diversify Wisdom Intelligence, Zenith Summit, Apex
Thin Slim, Slender Foresight Zeal Eagerness,
Valid Authorised,
Thick Dense, Compact Legitimate Wreck Destruction, Ruin Fervour

Antonyms
Antonyms are the words which are opposite in meaning to each other.
e.g. (i) Accord – Discord, Disagreement; (ii) Deference – Disrespect, Irreverence
List of Words with Their Antonyms
Words Antonyms Words Antonyms Words Antonyms Words Antonyms
Above Below Boon Bane, Curse Concur Differ, Disagree Defer Accelerate,
Attack Defend Better Worse Chastise Cheer, Encourage Expedite

Ability Inability Bold Meek Chaste Sullied Dedicate Refuse, Negate

Advance Retreat Bitter Sweet Caricature Exactness, Decipher Misinterpret,
Precision Distort
Adversity Prosperity Cheerful Gloomy
Captivity Freedom, Liberty Deceit Veracity, Sincerity
Arrival Departure Complicated Simple
Captivate Disillusion, Offend Decay Flourish, Progress
Arrest Release Confess Deny
Ascent Calumny Commendation, Dainty Clumsy, Insipid
Descent Compare Contrast
Praise Evident Obscure,
Acceptance Rejection Courageous Timid
Callous Compassionate, Concealed
Armament Disarmament Care Neglect
Tender Esteem Ridicule, Spurn
Absurd Reasonable Creation Destruction
Calamity Happiness, Eradicate Secure, Plant
Agree Disagree Civilised Uncivilised, Fortune Equivocal Obvious, Lucid
Angel Devil Wild
Cavity Elevation, Epitome Increment,
Ancient Modern Cause Effect Projection Expansion
Alive Dead Certain Uncertain Cease Continue, Endowment Drawback,
Bottom Contrary Similar, Alike Originate Damage
Top
Contradict Approve, Despicable Worthy, Decent Endeavour Cease, Quit
Broad Narrow
Confirm Disdain Approve, Praise
Buy Sell Encumbrance Incentive,
Contempt Regard, Praise Deride Inspire, Encourage Stimulant
Blunt Sharp
Conspicuous Concealed, Deprive Restore, Renew Eloquence Halting,
Busy Idle Hidden
Demolish Repair, Construct Stammering
Beautiful Ugly Consolidate Separate, Weak
Delicious Distasteful, Eliminate Restore, Accept
Blessing Curse Consequence Origin, Start Unsavoury Elevate Deprecate,
Bravery Cowardice Consent Object, Disagree Deliberate Rash, Sudden Denounce
Belief Disbelief Concede Deny, Reject Defray Disclaim, Efface Retain, Maintain
Beneficial Harmful Comprise Reject, Lack Repudiate Ecstasy Despair,
Barren Fertile Compassion Cruelty, Barbarity Defile Purify, Sanctity Calamity

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Synonyms and Antonyms 81

Words Antonyms Words Antonyms Words Antonyms Words Antonyms

Eccentric Natural, Increase Decrease Profligate Virtuous, Upright Stain Honour, Purify
Conventional
Innocent Guilty Prodigy Normal, Average Sporadic Incessant,
Fabricate Destroy, Dismantle Frequent
Initial Final Prodigious Unimpressive,
Frugality Lavishness, Diminutive Solicit Protest,
Inhale Exhale
Extravagance Oppose
Premature Belated,
Frivolous Solemn, Junior Senior
Opportune Sneer Flatter,
Significant Justice Injustice Praise
Predicament Resolution,
Frantic Subdued, Gentle Joy Sorrow Confidence Trenchant Feeble,
Fragile Enduring, Tough Known Unknown Vacillating
Precarious Assured,
Forsake Hold, Maintain King Subject Undeniable Transient Lasting,
Enduring
Fluctuate Stable, Resolute Knowledge Ignorance Pompous Unpretentious,
Humble Tranquil Violent, Furious
Flimsy Firm, Tenacious Kind Cruel
Perverse Complacent, Timid Bold, Intrepid
Fleeting Enduring, Eternal Like Dislike Docile
Temperate Boisterous, Violent
Feud Fraternity, Literate Illiterate Pertness Modesty,
Harmony Tedious Exhilarating, Lively
Logical Illogical Diffidence
Ferocious Gentle, Innocent Taciturn Talkative, Extrovert
Lack Abundance Peevish Suave, Amiable
Feeble Strong, Robust Utterly Deficient,
Legitimate Illegitimate Quaint Familiar, Usual
Incomplete
Fantastic Ordinary, Normal
Laugh Cry Quack Upright, Unfeigned Usurp Restore,
Fanatical Liberal, Tolerant
Lend Borrow Quibble Unfeign, Plain Compensate
Falter Persist, Endure
Material Spiritual Ruthless Compassionate, Uncouth Elegant, Graceful
Fallacy Veracity, Truth Lenient
Maximum Minimum Umbrage Sympathy, Goodwill
Guile Honesty, Rustic Cultured, Refined
Frankness Mortal Immortal Vulgar Elegant, Civil
Miser Spendthrift Rout Succumb, Vouch Repudiate, Prohibit
Grudge Benevolence, Withdraw
Affection Merit Demerit Volatile Heavy, Ponderous
Retract Confirm, Assert
Grisly Pleasing, Attractive Mourn Rejoice Vicious Noble, Virtuous
Remote Adjoining,
Gracious Rude, Unforgiving Mature Immature Adjacent Venerable Unworthy,
Gorgeous Dull, Mad Sane Immature
Remorse Ruthless,
Unpretentious Obduracy Vanity Modesty, Humility
Noble Ignoble
Glut Reduce, Abstain Resentment Content, Cheer Valour Fear, Cowardice
Natural Unnatural, Artificial
Gloom Delight, Mirth Rescind Delegate, Permit Waive Impose, Clamp
Night Day
Hypocrisy Sincerity, Honesty Remonstrate Agree, Laud Wary Heedless,
Noise Quiet
Hideous Attractive, Alluring Negligent
Oral Written Remnant Entire, Whole
Wane Ameliorate, Rise
Heretic Conformable, Sycophant Devoted, Loyal
Odd Even
Religious Welt Revive, Bloom
Offer Refuse Superficial Profound,
Hazard Conviction, Discerning Yoke Liberate, Release
Security Order Disorder
Subvert Generate, Yield Resist, Protest
Haughty Humble, Optimistic Pessimistic
Organise Yearn Content, Satisfied
Submissive Provoke Pacify, Comfort
Substantial Tenuous, Zest Disgust, Passive
Harass Assist, Comfort Protract Abbreviate, Curtail Abstract
Import Export Proscribe Solicit, Include Zenith Nadir, Base
Subsequent Preceding,
Include Exclude Profuse Scarce, Meagre Previous Zeal Apathy, Lethargy

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82 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Practice Questions
Exercise-1 17. Maestro 33. Salient
(a) Neophyte (b) Catechumen (a) Negligible (b) Prominent
Synonyms (c) Sophomore (d) Conductor (c) Striking (d) Clear
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-25) In the following
questions, out of the given four alternatives, 18. Splinter 34. To amputate
select the one which best expresses the (a) Stub (b) Share (a) To server (b) To fasten
(c) Chip (d) Friction (c) To truncate (d) To lop
meaning of the given word.
19. To visualise 35. Reserved
1. Ostentatious
(a) To repudiate (b) To anticipate (a) Placid (b) Communicative
(a) Distinct (b) Complete
(c) To eschew (d) To scorn (c) Quiet (d) Modest
(c) Flashy (d) Trusted
20. Hybrid 36. Eternity
2. Proximal
(a) Homogeneous (b) Composite (a) Perpetuity (b) Yonder
(a) Frontier (b) Obscure
(c) Pure (d) Love (c) Aeon (d) Ephemeral
(c) Remote (d) Adjacent
21. Discreet 37. Frazzle
3. Parlance
(a) Described (b) Careful (a) Prostration (b) Vigour
(a) Definitive (b) Lingo
(c) Rash (d) Mundane (c) Enervation (d) Lassitude
(c) Canonical (d) Classic
22. Opportune 38. Complacent
4. Expose
(a) Rarely (b) Likely (a) Humble (b) Satisfied
(a) Hide (b) Bury
(c) Timely (d) Barely (c) Confident (d) Trusted
(c) Reveal (d) Protect
23. Dedication 39. Prosperity
5. To alight (a) Adversity (b) Simplicity
(a) Contentment (b) Trepidation
(a) To escalate (b) To clamber (c) Nobility (d) Affinity
(c) Determination (d) Commitment
(c) To disembark (d) To astride
24. Invective 40. Heed
6. Mordant (a) Care (b) Caution
(a) Invent (b) Expressive
(a) Kind (b) Complimentary (c) Attention (d) Neglect
(c) Abusive (d) Invitation
(c) Bitter (d) Peaceable
25. Scrap 41. To flay
7. Turbulence (a) To scalp (b) To peel
(a) Hoard (b) Save
(a) Agitation (b) Calmness (c) To excoriate (d) To sheath
(c) Store (d) Reject
(c) Repose (d) Stillness
42. Guile
8. Nifty Antonyms (a) Cleverness (b) Suspicious
(a) Dandy (b) Obnoxious Directions (Q. Nos. 26-50) In the (c) Dishonesty (d) Honesty
(c) Grody (d) Gross following questions, out of the given four
43. Articulate
9. Austerity alternatives, select the one which is opposite in
(a) Unclear (b) Enunciate
(a) Strict (b) Moist meaning of the given word.
(c) Eloquent (d) Coherent
(c) Tolerant (d) Kindness 26. Coalesce 44. Vile
10. Splayed (a) Separate (b) Adhere (a) Virtuous (b) Coarse
(a) Nimble (b) Jade (c) Cleave (d) Amalgamate (c) Vicious (d) Abject
(c) Frayed (d) Spread 27. Proceed 45. Hope
11. Reassert (a) Ahead (b) Recede (a) Daring (b) Courage
(a) Renounce (b) Acknowledge (c) Forward (d) Continue (c) Despair (d) Confidence
(c) Disbelief (d) Conceal 28. Advance 46. Inferior
12. Troll (a) Shift (b) Move (a) Ulterior (b) Exterior
(a) Spruce (b) Suave (c) Progress (d) Retreat (c) Interior (d) Superior
(c) Gnome (d) Dapper 29. Sacred 47. Abstract
13. Curtail (a) Pious (b) Hallowed (a) Elusive (b) Concrete
(a) Prolong (b) Downsize (c) Divine (d) Profane (c) Intangible (d) Vague
(c) Lengthen (d) Extend 30. Grumpy 48. Ominous
14. Hind (a) Cross (b) Bad tempered (a) Threatening (b) Foreboding
(a) Near (b) Rear (c) First (d) Front (c) Irritable (d) Pleasant (c) Auspicious (d) Baleful

15. Inference 31. Loiter 49. To actuate

(a) Beginning (b) Conclusion (a) Lag (b) Hasten (a) To retard (b) To spur
(c) Preparation (d) Discovery (c) Amble (d) Loll (c) To impel (d) To propel

16. Pathetic 32. Consensus 50. Horrify

(a) Powerful (b) Purposeful (a) Accord (b) Discord (a) Affright (b) Petrify
(c) Plentiful (d) Pitiful (c) Consent (d) Unity (c) Appall (d) Soothe

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Synonyms and Antonyms 83

Exercise-2 11. When youngsters do not have good

role-models to emulate they start
21. Self reliance has been adopted as
an important objective of economic
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-20) In each of the searching for them among planning in modern India.
following sentences, a word or phrase is (a) refused (b) forsaken
sportsmen or filmstars.
written in italicised letter. For each italicised (c) denied (d) discarded
(a) inhabit (b) imitate
part four words/phrases are listed below each
(c) mollify (d) modify 22. His appointment was confirmed
sentence. Choose the word nearest in meaning
to the italicised part. 12. The eyewitness testimony was last month.
incontrovertible. (a) disappointment
1. A million cinemas a year bring the (b) suspension
(a) debatable (b) unquestionable
same stale balderdash. (c) dismissal
(c) unacceptable (d) disputable
(a) adventure (b) nonsense (d) discharge
(c) thriller (d) romance 13. The invasion forces had no artillery
and were completely annihilated. 23. She has a passion for indigenous
2. There must be lively discussion of
(a) reduced (b) destroyed goods.
Indian authors if we are to foster
(c) dismembered (d) split (a) native (b) foreign (c) silly (d) cheap
our knowledge.
(a) promote (b) cherish 14. The novel was so interesting that I 24. He made an exhaustive list of the
(c) nourish (d) nurture was oblivious of my surroundings. items his secretary should attend
3. Buoyed by these visions of the (a) indifferent (b) watchful to.
future of his son, the artist (c) unmindful (d) precarious (a) short (b) incomplete
(c) interesting (d) meticulous
soldiered on. 15. Elsie is seventy years old and a
(a) continued bravely fanatical gardener. 25. I like his friendly attitude.
(b) stopped further (a) crazy (a) jealous (b) envious
(c) struggled hard (d) fought on (b) fantastic (c) hostile (d) vicious
4. Last fortnight, the rain came to the (c) excessively enthusiastic 26. He appears to be a phony person.
parched soils of India after the (d) obsessed (a) beautiful (b) unread
merciless drought had already 16. The courage shown by the soldiers (c) genuine (d) ugly
sapped the vitality and livelihood at this moment of crisis is 27. He was in a dejected mood.
of millions of peasants. exemplary. (a) jubilant (b) rejected
(a) decreased (b) demolished (a) admirable (b) clear (c) irritable (d) romantic
(c) destroyed (d) drained away (c) elementary (d) suitable
28. Philosophers say that the world is
5. The boy gave a vivid description of 17. Grandfather has been getting feeble an illusion.
all that happened. of late. (a) a fact (b) a reality
(a) brilliant (b) fresh (a) tall (b) weak (c) an actuality (d) a truth
(c) explanatory (d) picturesque (c) diseased (d) small
29. He was a marked deterioration in
6. It is compulsory for all the 18. Even though Akshay does not his condition.
students to join this tour. study hard, he always comes first (a) improvement
(a) regular (b) necessary in his class. (b) revision
(c) dutiful (d) obligatory (a) scores (b) stands (c) reformation
7. Some of the discoveries of modern (c) arrives (d) completes (d) amendment
science are simply marvellous. 19. The arguments of the lawyer of the 30. This offer has come as a great boon
(a) praiseworthy (b) commendable accused were so persuasive that the to me.
(c) amazing (d) admirable (a) curse (b) blemish
judge acquitted him.
8. The teacher felt that the student (a) convincing (b) clever (c) trouble (d) misfortune
lacked discrimination in the study (c) eloquent (d) logical 31. I liked the poem for its literal
of his data. 20. Your master will like you if you are meaning.
(a) imagination (b) good taste diligent. (a) deep (b) complex
(c) objectivity (d) good judgement (a) conscientious (c) fictitious (d) figurative
9. We don’t know how we are to (b) obedient 32. His book has a short but useful
recompense you for the trouble (c) meticulous introduction.
you have taken. (d) hard working (a) end (b) conclusion
(a) reward (b) help Directions (Q. Nos. 21-40) The (c) termination (d) deduction
(c) praise (d) thank
following sentences consist of a word or a 33. The Principal hardly managed to
10. John Milton wrote ‘Paradise Lost’ phrase which is written in italicised letters. give the papers a cursory glance.
to vindicate the ways of God to Each of them is followed by four words or (a) curious
man. phrases. Select the word or the phrase (b) thorough
(a) explain (b) support which is closest to the opposite in meaning (c) through
(c) justify (d) criticise of the italicised word or phrase. (d) superficial

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84 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

34. The attack on the freedom of the (a) extol (b) praise 39. It is obligatory for a common
press is a retrograde step. (c) inflate (d) expand citizen to follow the rules.
(a) progressive (b) stubborn 37. It used to be said that travel (a) advisable (b) unnecessary
(c) punitive (d) aggressive broadens one’s outlook. (c) superfluous (d) optional
35. We received a cordial welcome (a) narrows (b) shrinks 40. The government empowered itself
from our host. (c) contracts (d) restricts to attach the assets of all the scam
(a) indifferent (b) distrustful 38. The criminal was detained by the suspects.
(c) cold (d) official police. (a) release (b) return
(a) deterred (b) released (c) donate (d) detach
36. We should not belittle the value of
small things. (c) dismissed (d) protected

ANSWERS
Exercise 1
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (d) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (d)
41. (d) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (c) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (d)
Exercise 2
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (a)

Solutions
Exercise-1 12. (c) Troll or gnome are ugly creatures 22. (c) ‘Opportune’ means ‘at a
1. (c) The word ‘ostentatious’ means showy or depicted as either a giant or dwarf. So, option convenient time’. Hence, option (c) is the
flashy. Hence, option (c) ‘flashy’ is correct. (c) is the correct choice. correct answer.
2. (d) The word ‘proximity’ means ‘at the 13. (b) ‘Curtail’ means to reduce or downsize. 23. (d) ‘Dedication’ means ‘commitment
centre or point of attachment’. Out of the Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. towards a task’. Therefore, ‘commitment’ is its
given options, ‘adjacent’ is its correct answer. 14. (b) ‘Hind means’ ‘back or rear’. Hence, correct synonym.
3. (b) ‘Parlance’ means ‘a particular lingo’. option (b) is its correct answer. 24. (c) ‘Invective’ means ‘insulting or
Hence, option (b) is correct. 15. (b) ‘Inference’ means ‘to draw abusive’. Hence, option (c) is the correct
conclusion’. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
4. (c) ‘Expose’ means ‘to make something
visible’. Hence, ‘reveal’ is the correct answer. answer. 25. (d) ‘Scrap’ means ‘to remove or reject’.
16. (d) ‘Pathetic’ means ‘a very bad or Hence option (d) is its correct answer.
5. (c) ‘To alight’ means ‘to get off or to
disembark’. Thus, from the given options, ‘to pitiable condition’. Hence, option (d) is 26. (a) The word ‘coalesce’ means to
disembark’ is the correct answer. correct. combine or merge. From the given options, its
17. (d) ‘Maestro’ means ‘a distinguished opposite is option (a).
6. (c) The word ‘mordant’ means ‘bitter’.
Hence, option (c) is correct. conductor or performer of a classical music. 27. (b) ‘Proceed’ means ‘to move forward’. Its
Hence, option (d) is correct. antonym from the given options is ‘recede’.
7. (a) ‘Turbulence’ means ‘an irregular
motion’. From the given options, ‘agitation’ is 18. (c) ‘Spinter’ means ‘a small, thin’ sharp 28. (d) ‘Advance’ means ‘to move forward’.
closely similar to the word ‘turbulence’. piece of wood, glass or similar material’. From From the given options, ‘retreat’ to move back
the given options, option (c) would be its is its antonym.
8. (a) ‘Nifty’ means ‘particularly good, skillful
correct synonym. 29. (d) ‘Sacred’ means ‘holy, pious or divine’.
or effectively stylish’. From the given options,
‘dandy’ which means ‘fashionable’ is the correct 19. (b) ‘To visualise’ means ‘to speculate, Thus, from the given options, profane
answer. imagine or anticipate’. Hence, option (b) is its meaning ‘not sacred’ is the correct answer.
correct answer. 30. (d) ‘Grumpy’ means ‘Bad–tempered or
9. (a) ‘Austerity’ means ‘sterness, strictness’.
Hence, option (a) is correct. 20. (b) ‘Hybrid’ means ‘a composition of two irritable’. From the given options, ‘pleasant’ is
or more species or elements’. Hence, option its antonym.
10. (d) ‘Splayed’ means ‘spread out’. Hence,
(b) is its correct answer. 31. (b) ‘Loiter’ means ‘to stand and wait
option (d) is its correct answer.
11. (b) ‘Reassert’ means ‘to assert or 21. (b) ‘Discreet’ means ‘careful’. Hence, without any purpose’. From the given options,
option (b) is the correct answer. ‘hasten’ meaning ‘to hurry’ can be the
acknowledge again’. Hence, option (b) is the
antonym of loiter.
correct answer.

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Synonyms and Antonyms 85

32. (b) ‘Consensus’ means ‘a unity or 48. (c) ‘Ominous’ means ‘something that is 21. (d) ‘Adopted’ means ‘to accept’ hence
accord’. From the given options, ‘discord’ threatening or inauspicious. ‘discarded’ is its antonym that gives the sense
meaning disagreement, is its correct From the given options, auspicious is its ‘to reject’.
antonym.
correct antonym. 22. (c) ‘Appointment’ means ‘to offer
33. (a) ‘Salient’ means ‘most important or employment’. Hence ‘dismissal’ is antonym.
noticeable’. From the given options, negligible 49. (a) ‘To actuate’ means ‘to operate’. From
is the correct answer. the given options, ‘to retard’ meaning ‘to 23. (b) ‘Indigenous’ means ‘related to the
delay’ is its closest opposite word. native place’ but ‘foreign’ gives the opposite
34. (b) ‘To amputate’ means to cut off. From
the given options, ‘to fasten’ meaning ‘to join’, 50. (d) ‘Horrify’ means ‘to shock greatly or to sense.’
is its correct antonym. scare’. Out of the given options, option (d) is 24. (b) ‘Exhaustive’ means ‘complete’ hence
35. (b) ‘Reserved’ means ‘shy, quiet’. From its correct answer. ‘incomplete’ is its antonym.
the given options, ‘communicative’ is its
correct antonym. Exercise-2 25. (c) Antonym of ‘friendly’ is ‘hostile’ i.e. filled
1. (b) ‘Balderdash’ and ‘nonsense’ both have with enmity.
36. (d) ‘Eternity’ means ‘forever or
permanent’. Out of the given options, same meaning. 26. (c) ‘Phony’ means ‘fake’. Hence, ‘genuine’
‘ephemeral’ meaning ‘something that is 2. (d) ‘Foster’ and ‘nurture’ have the same is its antonym.
temporary’ is its correct answer. meaning —to help to grow. 27. (a) ‘Dejected’ means ‘being in a sad
37. (b) ‘Frazzled’ means exhausted. From the mood’ so ‘jubilant’ is antonym which gives the
3. (a) ‘Soldiered on’ means ‘to continue very
given options, ‘vigour’ means ‘good health’ is sense of ‘being happy’.
bravely’.
its correct answer.
38. (a) ‘Complacent’ means ‘smug or 4. (d) ‘sapped’ means ‘to be drained away’ 28. (b) ‘Illusion’ is ‘not being real’. So, the
prideful’. From the given options, ‘humble’ i.e. taken the moisture away. antonym will be ‘reality’.
meaning ‘respectable and kind’ is its correct 5. (d) ‘Vivid’ means ‘picturesque’ i.e. very 29. (a) ‘Deterioration’ means ‘worsening of a
opposite. condition’. So, ‘improvement’ is its antonym.
lively.
39. (a) ‘Prosperity’ means ‘living in wealth 30. (a) ‘Boon’ and ‘curse’ are antonyms to
and luxury’. From the given options, 6. (d) ‘Compulsory’ and “obligatory’both mean
‘necessary’. each other.
‘adversity’ meaning ‘living in poor condition’ is
its antonym. 7. (c) ‘Marvellous’ gives the sense of 31. (d) ‘Literal’ means ‘exact’ while ‘figurative’
40. (d) ‘Heed’ means ‘to care or to give ‘amazing’. means ‘contextual’. Hence these are
attention’. From the given options, neglect is antonyms.
8. (d) ‘Discrimination’ has the context of ‘good
its antonym. 32. (b) ‘Introduction’ and ‘Conclusion’ are the
judgement’.
41. (d) ‘To flay’ means ‘to strip the skin off a antonyms to each other.
dead body’. Out of the given options, ‘to sheath’ 9. (a) ‘Recompense’ and ‘reward’ both have
meaning ‘to cover’ is its correct antonym. same meaning—a prize or a present for a 33. (b) ‘Cursory’ means ‘casual’ while
good deed. ‘thorough’ means ‘careful’. Hence, these are
42. (d) ‘Guile’ means ‘cunning, sly or antonyms.
dishonest’. From the given options, ‘honest’ is 10. (c) ‘Vindicate’ has the sense of ‘justifying’.
its correct antonym. 34. (a) ‘Retrograde’ means ‘declining’. Hence,
11. (b) ‘Emulate’ and ‘imitate’ both mean ‘to ‘progressive’ is its antonym.
43. (a) ‘Articulate’ means ‘to present your copy’.
thoughts or ideas in a clear and concise 35. (a) ‘Cordial’ means ‘affectionate’. Hence,
manner’. From the given options, ‘unclear’ is 12. (b) ‘Incontrovertible’ means ‘indifferent’ is its antonym.
its correct antonym. ‘unquestionable’.
44. (a) ‘Vile’ means ‘extremely unpleasant’. 36. (a) ‘Belittle’ means ‘to consider small’
13. (b) ‘Annihilite’ means ‘to destroy’. hence ‘extol’ is its antonym that means ‘to
From the given options, virtuous meaning
‘pleasant and kind’ is its correct antonym. 14. (c) ‘Oblivious’ means ‘unmindful’ i.e. amplify the value’.
forgetful. 37. (a) ‘Broadens’ means ‘to expand’. So,
45. (c) ‘Hope’ means ‘a feeling of expectation
or desire’. Out of the given options, ‘despair’ 15. (c) ‘Fanatical’ gives the sense of being ‘narrows’ will be antonym that means ‘to
meaning hopelessness is its correct answer. excessively enthusiastic. shrink.’

46. (d) ‘Inferior’ means ‘low in rank or quality’. 16. (a) ‘Exemplary’ means ‘admirable’ i.e. 38. (b) ‘Detained’ means ‘to keep in the legal
Its antonym will be superior. Hence, option (d) worthy to be praised. custody’. Hence, ‘released’ will be the
is its correct answer. antonym.
17. (b) ‘Feeble’ means ‘weak’.
47. (b) ‘Abstract’ means ‘something that 39. (d) ‘Obligatory’ means ‘compulsory’. So,
18. (b) ‘Comes’ has the context ‘stands’. ‘optional’ will be its antonym.
exists only in thoughts or ideas but has no
physical and concrete form’. 19. (a) ‘Persuasive’ means ‘convincing’ i.e. 40. (a) ‘Attach’ means ‘to confiscate’ or ‘to
appealing to logic and rationale.
Out of the given options, ‘concrete’ seems to seize’. Hence, ‘release’ is its antonym.
be its antonym. 20. (d) ‘Diligent’ means ‘hard working’.

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86 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

CHAPTER 03

Idioms and Phrases

● An idiom is a commenly used expression, whose meaning does not relate to the literal meaning of its words.
e.g.
(i) An early bird means someone who wake up early in the morning.
(ii) Snake in the grass means a hidden energy.
A phrase/phrasal verb is a small group of words standing together as an idiomatic expression and it is mostly derived
from the verb, preposition etc.
e.g.
(i) Fall out means quarrel.
(ii) Take off means remove.

Important Idioms and Phrases

● Heart and soul (the central core of something) Now, we are ● To flog a dead horse (to waste time to do something) He
getting to the heart and soul of the matter. keeps trying to get his essay published, but I think he is
● Helter skelter (disorderly) On arrival of the police the flogging a dead horse.
strikers ran helter skelter. ● To fall flat (to fail miserably) The Principal’s speech fell flat
● First and foremost (first of all) to be sincere and devoted is on the students.
the first and formost requirement for this job. ● To get into hot water (in trouble) The manager got into hot
● Might and main (with as much effort or strength as one water while participating in the union meeting.
can muster) She attacked the punching bag with might and ● Fair field and no favour (with honesty and sincerity) The
main. staff wants a fair field and no favour in the matter of
● Milk and water (weak) The foreign policy of India is transfer.
nothing more than a milk and water policy. ● Far and wide (having great extent) Many tourists come to
● Live-wire (a very lively or energetic person) Gurvind is such see the Taj from far and wide.
a live-wire that its tough to keep up with his stories. ● To move heaven and earth (to do everything possible) He
● Ins and outs (the intricate details of situation) Before starting can move heaven and earth to get it done on time.
any new business you must know all ins and outs of it. ● To make light of (to treat something as not very serious)
● Intents and purposes (almost completely) My wife is the I wish you wouldn’t make light of his problems.
incharge of the house for all intents and purposes.
● To make both ends meet (to earn the minimum amount of
● To be weak or vacant in the upper storey (lack in money necessary for living) Sudden increase in prices has
willpower) I can’t assign such work to him, as he is vacant in made it difficult for the employees to make both ends meet.
the upper storey.
● Right and left (on all sides or everywhere) The robbers
● To be under one’s thumb (under the control of someone) She looted the village right and left and fled away.
is no more under the thumb of her mother-in-law.
● Safe and sound (unharmed) She reached there safe &
● To be at daggers drawn (to be angry with each other) Both sound.
the brothers are at daggers drawn.
● To go on a fool’s errand (a fruitless mission) The key was in
● To pull a long face (look sad) My son pulled a long face his pocket and he sent me on a fool’s errand to search the
when he was scolded by his mother. same at the shopping complex.
● To play truant (absent from school without leave) It is a very ● To gain ground (become more popular or accepted) The belief
bad habit of the students to play truant from class. in the abolition of Sati rites has gained ground.

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Idioms and Phrases 87

● The last nail in the coffin (to shorten life) The reservation ● To pour oil on troubled water (to calm someone down) Both
policy of VP Singh was the last nail in the coffin of the Janta of them were fighting for the property but the justified
Party. decision of their mother poured oil on troubled water.
● Thick and thin (good and bad times) I shall support you ● With tail between the legs (to feel ashamed or defeated) The
through thick and thin. Minister was talking a lot about the values of honesty etc.
● To make sure (to ensure) I went to the college to make sure but when Ramesh reminded him about the money paid to
if our exams would commence from the next week. him for the work, he went away with his tail between
the legs.
● To make neither head nor tail (to fail to understand) The
leader spoke so rapidly that the audience could make ● To get off scot free (free from harm or penalty) He got off
neither head nor tail of his lecture. scot free for lack of evidence.
● To nip in the bud (to stop something from developing ● To be worth its weight in gold (very useful) For a hungry
further) Many serious illnesses can be nipped in the bud if man a piece of bread is often worth its weight in gold.
they are detected early enough. ● To be lost in clouds (lost in thoughts) Philosophers are
● Tooth and nail (with every available resources) Students of often lost in clouds.
general caste opposed the reservation policy tooth and nail ● Pins and needless (in a state of tense anticipation
but to no avail. nervousness) He was on pins and needles while waiting for
● To knit the brow (to frown) My father always knits his the test results.
brow at everything I do. ● Pin money (A small amount of money to buy things that you
● To kick the bucket (to die) She had kicked the bucket after want but don’t need) She teaches a little french now and
suffering from cancer for several years. then, just for pin money.
● To keep someone at arm’s length (to avoid) She is not a ● Out of gear (in worse condition) The strike of employees
good girl and must be kept at arm’s length. always put the Government machinery out of gear.
● Confusion worse confounded (a still worse state of disorder ● Out and out (abosolute or definitely) Mahatma Gandhi was a
or confusion) Recess was already going on when the fire great leader out and out.
alarm rang, leading to confusion worse confounded. ● Hornet’s nest (unusal difficulty) The speaker of Lok Sabha
● To gild the pill (To make something unpleasant seem stirred up hornet’s nest by referring to impending changes
appealing) I knew that my daughter won’t go to the doctor, in several rules.
so I gilded the pill by reminding her about the toys that are ● Hole and corner policy (secretive) The officer adopted a
at the clinic. hole and corner policy to get his personal assistant
● To stem the tide of (to resist) As a true social worker, first transferred.
of all you stem the tide of poverty and unemployment. ● To live in a fool’s paradise (foolish ideas) It is wrong to live
● To speak volumes for (to express something clearly and in a fool’s paradise and not put hard efforts to achieve
completely) The sacrifice made by freedom fighters speak success.
volumes for their true love for the country. ● To lie in the bed one has made (suffer for one’s misdeed) He
● Rhyme or reason (without meaning) He resigned from the has made his fortune so he must lie in the bed he has made.
service without any rhyme or reason. ● To give one a long rope (to allow a person full scope to
● Cut and dried (fixed) There is no cut and dried method of commit mistakes) He never gives his employees a long rope.
English speaking. ● To give currency (to make something credible by providing
● To keep abreast of (to have recent information) It is very additional details) You are famous in this field if you
important for the youth to keep abreast of all current events. comment on this guy’s stupid ideas, you will just give
currency to them.
● To keep one’s fingers crossed (to wish or hope for good luck)
We should keep our fingers crossed till the last ball is ● To grease the palm (to give money as bribe) You cannot get
bowled. this contract unless you grease the palm of the officials.
● Nook and corner (at every corner) I searched her in every ● To have gift of the gab (the ability to talk readily) Ram may
nook and corner. seem different but he has the gift of the gab.
● Now and then (sometimes) I visit church now and then. ● To have an iron will (strong will) A person with iron will
● Stuff and nonsense (foolishness) The judge found all his can achieve anything.
arguments stuff and nonsense. ● Once and again (a few times) I have told you once and again
● Sum and substance (a summary) The sum and substance of that I have no money to purchase the car at the moment.
the paragraph must be reflected in a good precis. ● Achilles heel (the most weak point) Her involvement in
● To put all eggs in one basket (To invest all of one’s energy corruption scandal has been her Achilles heel.
or resources into a single goal) Mrs Tan’s financial ● To turn the corner (to advance beyond a difficult stage) He
advisor urged her to be careful and not put all her eggs in turned the corner by passing the examinations with good
one basket. marks.

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88 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

● To take to one’s heels (to flee away) On seeing the police, ● To hang fire (to hold back as if in suspense) The problem of
the thief took to his heels. poverty has been hanging fire for the last fifty five years.
● Over and above (in addition to) I paid him rupees ten ● To have feet of clay (a weakness or failure) The inquiry has
thousand over and above what he demanded. revealed that most of the politicians have feet of clay.
● Over head and ears (completely/hopelessly) He is over head ● To have thing at one’s finger tips (complete knowledge) He
and ears in debt. has all the statistics of employment at his finger tips.
● To make much ado about nothing (make a fuss) He is a ● To have an axe to grind (self interest) I am sure, he has an
quarrelsome man, he makes much ado about nothing. axe to grind in this proposal.
● To make hay while the sun shines (make the best of a good ● Watch and ward (a continuous watch) At least three guards
situation) As the Congress party came into power, he are required to have perfect watch and ward of the
became chairman of UTI. He rightly says to make hay while building.
the sun shines. ● Whip and spur (in utmost haste) He completed the project
● To make the most of (to use or enjoy something as much as in a whip and spur.
possible) Students should make the most of their time if they ● Willy nilly (whether one agrees or not) After her boss fell
want to secure good marks. sick, she willy nilly found herself directing the project.
● To be at a loss (to not know what do or say) In the interview ● Take bull by horns (handle difficult situation directly) One
he found himself at a loss and could not answer even very should have courage to take bull by horns if one wants to
simple questions. succeed in life.
● To be at one’s wit’s end (not knowing what to do next) Seeing ● The die is cast (a decision has been made) There is no point
the income tax officer at his shop, he was at his wit’s end. of discussing the matter now as the die is cast.
● To come to a standstill (to stop completely) As the car came ● Flesh and blood (physical existence) I am only flesh and
to standstill for want of petrol, the thief ran away on foot. blood as anybody else.
● Open and aboveboard (completely and openly honest) He ● Gall and wormwood (bitter resentment) Ever since I lost the
believes in open and aboveboard discussion on every point election for school president, I only feel gall and
before arriving at a conclusion. wormwood when I think of my unworthy opponent.
● Seamy side of life (the most unpleasant) The present day ● To rub one the wrong way (to irritate) If you rub him the
cinema depicts the seamy side of life. wrong way, he will oppose the proposal.
● Spick and span (neat and clean) Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru was ● To rule the roost (to be the boss or manager) Today the
always spick and span in his dressing style. scheduled caste minister rules the roost in the Government.
● Null and void (having no legal effect) The law passed by ● Yellow press (sensational journalism) These days
legislature was declared null and void by the Supreme newspapers with yellow press are earning like anything.
Court. ● To add fuel to the flame or fire (make a problem worse)
● To steal a march (to gain advantage secretly) Shalini stole a With the arrest of the leader of agitators, the Government
march on her friend in marketing her products slowly and only added fuel to the flame.
steadily. ● To assume airs (to be proud of ) He is in the habit of
● To steer clear of (to stay away) You should try to steer clear assuming airs in the presence of his inlaws.
of such nasty people. ● Pick and choose (to select with a great care) The
● To give the devil his dues (to give your enemy a proper management adopted pick and choose policy in the
credit) No doubt he is a naughty man, but to give the devil promotions from clerical to assistant cadre.
his dues he is dedicated and hard working. ● Through fire and water (endure danger) He can go through
● To give chapter and verse for a thing (to give a detailed fire and water to achieve his goal.
account of something without missing anything) He can give ● Time and tide (time and opportunity) Time and tide waits
chapter and verse for all the allegations, he made against for none.
the minister. ● To and fro (back and forth) What are the to and fro taxi
● To add a new feather in one’s cap (great achievement) charges for travelling from Alwar to Delhi?
His success in his ICFAI exams has added a new feather in ● To be not worth one’s salt (not deserving) You should not
his cap. help Ramesh, he is not worth his salt.
● To be at sea (confused) My wife is quite at sea in maths. ● To be in tune (agreeing) The Principal asked the students if
● To be in fix (to be in dilemma) The police department was in they were in tune for organising the annual function.
a fix about the threatning calls sent by the militants. ● To be out of sorts (to feel slightly ill) She had been out
● To lead up the garden path (to deceive someone) The tricky of sorts for several days and so could not do her office work.
traders try to lead the customers up the garden path by ● Herculean task (a difficult task) Getting selected in IAS is a
assuring them of warranty and good discount. herculean task for everybody.

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Idioms and Phrases 89

● Hit below the belt (to give someone an unfair blow) ● To be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth (to be born
By making his private secrets public he hit him below the in wealthy family) Indira Gandhi was born with a silver
belt. spoon in her mouth.
● Hither and thither (here and there) He is in the habit of ● To lose ground (fail to hold one’s position) He has lost
putting his goods hither and thither. ground and so his opponent has won the election.
● To take people by storm (impress greatly) The refusal by ● To leave no stone unturned (to make every possible effort)
Soniya to accept the Prime Ministership took the nation by The Prime Minister has assured the country that he shall
storm. leave no stone unturned to uplift the condition of the
● To the backbone (thoroughly) We need leaders who are countrymen.
honest to the backbone. ● To get down to brass tacks (to begin to discuss the important
● Toil and moil (hard work) It requires too much of toil and details) Instead of wasting time in discussion please get
moil to secure first position. down to brass tacks.
● Tom, Dick and Harry (everyone) Every Tom, Dick and ● To give a wide berth (to keep far away) I try my best to give
Harry knows that MS Dhoni is a wonderful cricketer. a wide berth to such a selfish person.
● Ups and downs (the mixture of good and bad) There are ups ● To see a thing through coloured glasses (to see only one
and downs in every business. aspect of things) A prejudiced man will see the thing
through coloured glasses. He can’t judge the things properly.
● Uphill task (a difficult and challenging task) Passing CAT
examination is an uphill task. ● To show the white feather (to betray or cowardise) He will
show the white feather when the real time or action comes.
● Warp and woof (a base or a foundation) Blood and bones are
warp and woof of human body. ● Ivory tower (a place away from practical affairs) Those who
talk of non-violence as a useful tool in tackling the militants
● To put a spoke in one’s wheel (hinder someone) Every
live in ivory tower.
competitor in the market is trying to put a spoke in the
wheel of others. ● Kith and kin (one’s relatives) All kith and kin were invited
in the marriage of his son.
● To rip up old sores (reopen the quarrel) Ramesh and his
wife can’t live in peace, they are always ripping up ● To hold a candle to (compare to) She is the daughter of a
old soros. famous dancer, but she does not hold a candle to her
mother.
● Fire and brimstone (to punish) The USA has threatened
Iraq with fire and brimstone if it refuses follow the ● To have brush with (to have a brief contact with something)
resolutions of UNO. Our neighbours had a brush with one another over the
matter of throwing the garbage.
● Fire and fury (full of haughty temper) The speech of the
leader was full of fire and fury. ● To pay one back in the same coin (to seek revenge on
● To be in the good books (to have approval) A good student someone by treating them in the same negative manner as they
is always in the good books of his teachers. had done) I believe in the policy of paying back in the same
coin.
● To be under a cloud (under suspicious) His connections
with the militants have brought him under a cloud.
● To put the cart before the horse (to do things in improper
order) He made a contract with the publisher, without
● To be at large (to be free) The man who tried to kill her is getting the book ready. He put the cart before the horse as
still at large. such.
● To get oneself into a mess (get into muddle) He seems to ● By and by (soon) She is recovering by and by after long
have got himself into a mess because of the involvement of illness.
his wife in a criminal case.
● Hue and cry (commotion) A lot of hue and cry was raised in
● To go to the dogs (to go to ruin) He went to the dogs Parliament against this bill.
because of his son’s involvement in the murder of a girl.
● Hush money (a bribe paid to keep something secret)
● To keep body and soul together (to manage to keep existing) He managed to escape punishment by paying hush money.
Because of the inflation it has become difficult for many to
keep body and soul together.
● Goods and chattels (all kinds of personal possessions) They
have been turned out of their house on short notice and
● To keep the wolf from the door (to prevent starvation) In don’t know where to store their goods and chattels.
our country the poor have to struggle hard to keep the wolf
from the door.
● To play fast and loose (to ignore social conventions to suit
one’s purpose) There is a willingness to play fast and loose
● To break the news (to tell someone some important news) He
with the facts.
broke the news of her husband’s death very cautiously in
order to lessen the shock.
● To pay off old scores (to get revenge) By suspending the
clerk on frivolous grounds the officer paid off old scores.
● To burn the midnight oil (to work very hard) I have to burn
the midnight oil for several days in order to complete the
● Egg on (urge on) The captain egged the players on to
work in time. continue the struggle.

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90 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

● Fair and square (just and honest) He is fair and square in ● Neck and crop (altogether) The Pak army ruined the border
his dealings. village neck and crop.
● Fabian policy (a policy of delays and cautions) ● Need of the hour (most essential need or requirement)
Mr. Narsimha Rao always followed a Fabian policy in all Providing full security for the residents of border area is the
political issues. need of the hour.
● Few and far between His visits to his parents are few and ● To cry for the moon (ask for impossible thing) Your
far between because of his busy schedule. hope for marrying with Aishwarya is like a cry for the
● Pros and cons (considering all the fact) Before signing this moon.
agreement you must understand all pros and cons well. ● To curry favour (gain favour by flattery) By giving present
● Queer fish (odd person) He is such a queer fish that we can’t and visiting again and again, you are trying to curry his
expect anything positive from him. favour.
● Rank and ruin (complete destruction) The present drought ● To draw the long bow (to exaggerate or overstate) In calling
has put the farmers at the verge of rank and ruin. her the best racer of the world, her admirers draw the long
● Oily tongue (too smooth of speech) One should be aware of bow.
the persons with oily tongue. ● Fishy (suspicious) There seems to be something fishy
● Part and parcel (an essential element) Each employee should going on.
feel himself part and parcel of the business enterprises. ● Call a spade a spade (to speak clearly) He believes in calling
● Foot the bill (to pay the bill) Although she hosted the feast, a spade a spade.
her father had to foot the bill. ● Cats and dogs (contrary to belief unusually) It has been
● Free and easy (casual, calm and relaxed) If you’re free and raining cats and dogs for the last three hours.
easy with your savings, you’ll be broke again in no time. ● Cock and bull story (concocted story) All his excuses seem
● To take heart (to be confident or courageous) You must take a cock and bull story.
heart and face the failures boldly. ● To play ducks and drakes (to waste foolishly) He is playing
● To take up arms (commence hostilities) We must not shy for ducks and drakes with parental money.
taking up arms against the misdeeds of the public ● Hard and fast (fixed) There are no hard and fast rules to
departments. sanction the loan in the banks.
● To have no backbone (lacking strength) The movement ● Haughty and naughty (rude and old) The haughty and
against the reservation based on caste, had no backbone naughty attitude of the President is not liked by any
and collapsed too soon. member of the society.
● To harp on the same string (to dwell upon one subject) The ● dig the grave (do something foolish) By taking a side of the
speakers had nothing new to say, everyone harped on the thief, he dug the grave of his honest image.
same string of his predecessor. ● To end in smoke/fiasco (to not get a positive result) He
● Loaves and fish (benefits or rewards) Now-a-days spoke a lot about his new book but it all ended in fiasco,
Government servants are concerned with the loaves and fish when the book was in the market.
of the office than to solve the problems of common public. ● To feather one’s own nest (to grow wealthy by taking
● Lock and key (full security) He keeps jewellery under lock advantage of one position) Our leaders are busy
and key. feathering their own nests and have no concern for the
● Length and breadth (throughout the place) Anti English general mass.
agitation spread through the length and breadth of country. ● To pass the buck (pass the blame) Political parties pass the
● Life and Soul (very lively and entertaining, good with mixing buck on to one another on all small or big matters.
with people) Soniya Gandhi is the life and soul of Congress (I). ● To play the gallery (try to win approval) Every action of the
● Like a fish out of water (in a very awakward manner) Ram political leaders is aimed to play the gallery.
was given an unremunerative post. He is feeling like a fish ● To send about one’s business (to dismiss or fire) His
out of water. employer sent him about his business when he was caught
● To sail under false colours (disguise your true nature) We involved in forgery.
should not believe the politicians because they sail under ● To stand ones ground (to maintain one’s position) He did
false colours. not yield to pressure and stood his ground till he won the
● To set Thames on fire (do something remarkable work) game.
Qualifying civil services examination for you is like setting ● Gird up the loin (to get ready) We should gird up the loin
Thames on fire. to fight the poverty and menace of dowery.
● To say ditto to (a copy) You are bound to say ditto to what ● Give in (give up) He is a brave man, he will not give
your boss says. in easily.

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Idioms and Phrases 91

Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-50) In the following 9. Be in two minds 18. Bolt from the blue
questions, out of the four alternatives, select (a) Behave smart at sometime and (a) Winning after losing a game many
the alternative which best expresses the stupid at other. times
meaning of the idiom/phrase. (b) Unable to decide (b) Something sudden that happens
(c) Having a split personality disorder. unexpectedly
1. Never-never land (c) Someone who runs fast and wins a
(d) Trying to do two things at the same
(a) An imaginary utopian place or race
time.
situation. (d) Locking the doors to keep the rain out
(b) A place that is worse than hell. 10. Dance to someone’s tune 19. Be on the air
(c) A place that you know that you will (a) Argue with others on petty matters
(a) Broadcast over the radio or on TV
never be able to visit. (b) Delay in making a decision
(b) Float like a bird
(d) A popular place about which you (c) Do what others want you to do
(c) To pass bodily gases
have heard such stories that you (d) Be engaged in an energetic activity
(d) Be very arrogant
would not like to go there. 11. At large 20. At snail’s pace
2. Through thick and thin (a) A very big opportunity
(a) Do something very carefully
(a) To be scared of small dangers (b) A criminal escaped or not yet
(b) Be very persistent
(b) Passing through a thick forest captured. (c) Do something very slowly
(c) Support under all circumstances (c) To have a big heart
(d) Keep your moves secret
(d) To be hard hearted in times of loss (d) A big appetite
21. Hanging by a thread
3. New kid on the block 12. Leave no stone unturned
(a) In a sorry or humble estate
(a) New rules which are bound to fail (a) Leave the path halfway (b) Be extremely weak
(b) A junior (b) Not make enough efforts (c) Unable to act as desired
(c) A new social trend (c) Turn everything upside down (d) Be in a dangerous situation
(d) A newcomer (d) Try everything possible
22. Zero tolerance
4. Kitty-corner 13. Variety is the spice of life (a) Accuracy is paramount
(a) Favourite place of cats (a) New experiences make life more (b) Non-acceptance of antisocial
(b) A place where ladies meet to party interesting behaviour
(c) A very small place (b) Experimentation may be risky (c) No return without risk
(d) Things located diagonally opposite (c) Life is very beautiful (d) No problem at all
each other (d) There is no life without excitement
23. Turn a deaf ear
5. In a nutshell 14. Rule the roost (a) To pay attention
(a) Add nuts into something (a) To make all the decisions (b) To listen carefully
(b) Put everything in a shell (b) To be prosperous but generous (c) To make someone deaf
(c) Packed very tightly (c) To frequently pick a quarrel (d) To pay no need
(d) To blindly follow others
(d) Express very briefly 24. Green thumb
6. To go for broke 15. At somebody’s expense (a) To have talent in gardening
(a) Paid for by someone (b) To be envious
(a) To risk everything in an all-out
(b) To blame a crime on someone else (c) To be angry
effort
(c) The unlucky persons who lose a race (d) To have talent in painting
(b) Failure in relationship or partnership
(c) Losing all money in an effort to (d) If one person benefits it is always at 25. A blessing in disguise
revive a failing business the loss of another (a) A misfortune that eventually has
(d) To start again after failing in a 16. Actions speak louder than words good results
business (b) A person who has changed so
(a) Achievers are better than those who
talk big much that he is now unrecognisable
7. Put your best foot forward (c) A prayer asking for God’s favour
(a) Take care to dress well (b) No action can compensate for
(d) A bad person hiding his face behind
(b) Walk very cautiously saying bad words
a mask
(c) Try as hard as one can (c) A pen is mightier than a sword
(d) What someone does mean more 26. Silver bullet
(d) check every step
than what they say they will do (a) A very expensive solution used only
8. Fixed in one’s ways as the last measure
(a) Not wanting to change how one
17. Acid test (b) A simple and seemingly
does things (a) A malicious way of taking revenge magical solution to a complicated
(b) One will succeed if one does not (b) A test that shows how to harm problem
change their path someone (c) A solution which is worse than the
(c) Trapped in a particular unpleasant (c) Proof that an attack has been problem
situation made (d) A thing of beauty but which is
(d) A dilemma of two different paths (d) Definitive proof of truth or falsehood actually deadly

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92 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

27. Take to task (c) To waste away somebody’s effort 44. Add fuel to the fire
(a) To assign work (b) To rebuke (d) Prevent something from continuing (a) Go from one bad situation to
(c) To praise (d) To give an award 36. Ethnic cleansing another
(b) A cause becomes stronger when
28. At arm’s length (a) A social revolution where
more people join
(a) Checking the length of fabric negative aspects of a culture are
(c) The flame will extinguish if it runs
(b) As close as one can touch removed
out of oil
(c) Avoiding too much closeness (b) To perform mass religious
(d) Cause a situation to become worse
(d) Using one’s arm to measure length conversions
(c) The mass killing of members of one 45. Pass the hat
29. Against the clock ethnic group (a) To sell something
(a) To do a job fast to finish it before a (d) Removal of all signs of culture from (b) To collect money
deadline a society (c) To play a game
(b) Time is money
37. Pull the wool over someone’s eyes (d) To avoid work
(c) Man is a victim of time
(d) It is useless to fight destiny (a) To protect someone 46. Make no headway
(b) To keep oneself warm (a) Check if the head can pass through
30. Four corners of the earth (c) Deceive someone by telling lies (b) Unable to progress ahead
(a) From the very beginning (d) To pretend to be blind to the other (c) Unable to overtake anyone
(b) From morning till night person’s bad behaviour (d) Forced to fix a new goal
(c) From all parts of the world
(d) From beginning to end 38. Head in the clouds 47. Flesh and blood
(a) To daydream (b) To be very tal (a) A very gory murder scene
31. Gift of the gab (c) To be very lazy (d) To feel giddy (b) A lot of hard work
(a) Receive a precious gift
39. to shake off (c) Loss of lives in battle
(b) Achieve sudden greatness
(a) To denounce (b) To get rid of (d) A person’s physical body and their
(c) Have the ability to adapt
(c) To recollect (d) To pass off needs and frailties
(d) Have the talent to speak well
32. Red letter day 40. Mind your language 48. Flea market
(a) A very special day (a) To speak first and think later (a) A market for semi-precious stones
(b) A very hot day (b) To put a lot of efforts to understand and jewellery
(c) A frightful day what the other person is trying to say (b) A market where stolen goods are
(d) A very cold day (c) Tell someone to speak politely sold
(d) To speak grammatically incorrect (c) A street market selling second hand
33. As the crow flies language goods
(a) To be uncertain (d) A small but crowded and noisy
(b) A long winding path 41. Face the music place
(c) The shortest route (a) Face the enemy
(d) To be directionless (b) Enjoy the harmony 49. In a pickle
(c) Get appreciation (a) In great pain
34. A hot potato (d) Face the criticism (b) In jubiliation
(a) A war like situation which could (c) In trouble
have been easily avoided 42. Hand in glove (d) In deep sorrow
(b) A common eatery but favoured by (a) Working together in the same office
celebrities (b) Wearing gloves while working 50. A walk of life
(c) A controversial situation which is (c) In partnership for something (a) An easy comfortable life not
awkward to deal with dishonest necessarily prosperous
(d) A celebrity who keeps getting into (d) Doing work in the garden (b) The most important day of your
some or the other controversy life
43. To grease the palm (c) A person’s occupation or position
35. Pull the plug (a) To give support within society
(a) Make a firm refusal (b) To bribe someone (d) Walking is the best form of
(b) Save a situation by acting in the (c) To cheat someone exercise
nick of time (d) To give a massage

ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (c)

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One Word Substitution 93

CHAPTER 04

One Word Substitution

One Word Substitution is substituting a group of words 14. Someone or something existing at the same period as
with a unique word according to its meaning. Most of another —Contemporary
these words are noun and these words are commonly used 15. One who believes very easily —Credulous
in our daily life, newspaper etc.
16. A place for burying the dead —Cemetery
In examination, this kind of test is provided, especially to
17. Eating flesh or meat —Carnivorous
test the candidate’s skill of memorising important words in
English language. Questions of one word substitution is 18. Someone leaving one’s country to settle in another
formed by writing the definition of these important words, — Emigrant
similarly as they are written in any English to English 19. A disease spreading over a large area —Epidemic
dictionary. The only way to prepare this segment is to 20. Speech without prior preparation —Extempore
make yourself complete familiar with every important 21. Producing the desired result —Efficacious
word as you can.
22. Suitable for selection —Eligible
Generally, one word substitution covers specific words
23. One who spends without care and excessively
from the different aspects of Professions, Political,
Religious, Medical Terms etc. — Extravagant, Prodigal
Here are some questions from ‘One Word Substitution’. Go 24. One who believes in fate —Fatalist
through these questions and try to understand the pattern 25. Very choosy and hard to please —Fastidious
and nature of such question. 26. Killing of one’s own brother —Fratricide
A few one word substitution are given below 27. An office or post without pay —Honorary
1. One who does not believe in the existence of God 28. Killing of man —Homicide
— Atheist 29. Done or given without charge or fee —Gratis
2. The life-history of someone written by himself 30. Something that cannot be read —Illegible
— Autobiography
31. Someone that cannot be defeated —Invincible
3. One who plays not to earn money but for pleasure
32. A place that cannot be reached —Inaccessible
— Amateur
4. Without name or identification—Anonymous 33. That which cannot be explained —Inexplicable
5. A place where birds are kept—Aviary 34. That which cannot be corrected —Incorrigible
6. One who believes in destruction of all forms of 35. That which cannot be done without, absolutely
government— Anarchist necessary —Indispensable
36. That which cannot be erased —Indelible
7. One who is appointed to settle disputes between two
parties— Arbitrator 37. That which cannot be avoided —Inevitable
8. A medicine which makes the effect of poison zero 38. That which cannot be understood or realised easily
— Antidote — Inscrutable
9. One who is unable to pay one’s debt 39. That which cannot be changed or ended — Irrevocable
—Bankrupt, Insolvent 40. Not to the point —Irrelevant
10. One whose religious view is very narrow—Bigot 41. That which never fails or faults —Infallible
11. An object which breaks easily—Brittle 42. One who wastes his time without any job —Idler
12. One who eats human beings’ flesh—Cannibal 43. Killing of one’s own mother —Matricide
13. Composed of things from all parts of the world 44. One who dies for one’s country or for others—
— Cosmopolitan Martyr

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94 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

45. Marrying with one person —Monogamy 77. Written in a document after it has been signed
46. Hater of mankind —Misanthrope — Postscript
47. An attitude measuring everything in terms of money 78. Religious song —Hymn
or profit —Materialistic 79. The policy of extending a country’s empire
48. One who can be hired to do any illegal act— Mercenary — Imperialism
49. A drug causing sleep or intoxication —Narcotic 80. Blood relationship —Consanguinity
50. No longer in use —Obsolete 81. Opposed to great or sudden change —Conservative
51. One who speaks skilfully —Orator 82. Using someone else’s ideas as own —Plagiarism
52. All powerful —Omnipotent 83. Someone not sure about God’s existence — Agnostic
53. Present everywhere —Omnipresent 84. One who leaves a religion or faith —Apostate
54. Knowing everything —Omniscient 85. One who has no taste for literature, art or music
— Philistine
55. Marrying with more than one —Polygamy
86. Deriving pleasure by inflicting pain on others
56. One who knows many languages —Polyglot
— Sadism
57. A single cure for all diseases —Panacea 87. One having excessive enthusiasm for a cause — fanatic
58. Happening after one’s death —Posthumous 88. An insult to God —Blasphemy
59. One who uses others to survive —Parasite 89. One who loves books —Bibliophile
60. Killing of one’s own father —Patricide 90. One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain — Stoic
61. A person doing good acts for mankind—Philanthropist 91. One who poses himself as someone he is not— Imposter
62. One who lives alone and avoids people — Recluse
92. Code of diplomatic etiquette —Protocol
63. Habitually reserved and silent —Reticent
93. A word for word copy —Verbatim
64. Murder of king —Regicide
94. That which cannot be understood —Unintelligible
65. One who walks in sleep — Somnambulist
95. A story intended to reveal a moral or spiritual truth
66. One who talks in sleep —Somniloquist —Parable
67. A post or office high in reputation and pay but no 96. One who travels from place to place — Itinerant
work —Sinecure
97. One who uses both his hands with equal skill
68. Talking to oneself —Soliloquy
— Ambidextrous
69. One who is made to suffer for another —Scapegoat 98. A short journey for fun— Excursion
70. With the opinion or agreement of all —Unanimous 99. One who doubts every good thing — Cynic
71. Very clear in meaning —Unambiguous 100. Giving undue favours to one’s relatives — Nepotism
72. That which cannot be predicted before — Unforeseen 101. Not allowing the light to pass through —Opaque
73. Using too many words in writing or speaking 102. An official sent on a diplomatic mission — Emissary
— Verbose 103. One who abstains completely from alcoholic drinks
74. Someone with a long experience —Veteran —Teetotaller
75. Examination of one’s thoughts or experience
104. One who loves to entertain one’s guests —
— Introspection Hospitable
76. Killing (out of mercy) someone suffering from 105. A general pardon for political convicts — Amnesty
incurable disease —Euthanasia

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Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-45) In each of 15. A group of three persons sharing 29. An official numbering of the
the following questions, choose the power population
alternative which can be substituted (a) Triology (b) Tetralogy (a) Censor (b) Counting
for the given words/sentence. (c) Triumvirate (d) Tripode (c) Census (d) Demography

1. A tank where fish or water plants 16. A person who regards the whole 30. A name assumed by a writer or a
are kept world as his country false name
(a) Apiary (b) Aviary (a) Cosmopolitan (b) Nationalist (a) Lie (b) Portable
(c) Nursery (d) Aquarium (c) Patriot (d) Metropolitan (c) Anonymous (d) Pseudonym

2. Yearly celebration of a date or an 17. Of unknown authorship 31. One who believes in fate
event (a) Anonymous (b) Unanimous (a) Atheist (b) Philanthropist
(a) Birthday (b) Anniversary (c) Amiguous (d) Extempore (c) Fatalist (d) Amateur
(c) Jubilee (d) Centenary 18. A person who rules without 32. List of headings of the business to
3. Custom of having many wives consulting the opinion of others be transacted at a meeting
(a) Democrat (b) Autocrat (a) Schedule (b) Agenda
(a) Bigamy (b) Monogamy
(c) Bureaucrat (d) Fanatic (c) Proceedings (d) Excerpts
(c) Polygamy (d) Matrimony
4. Customs of having several 19. One who is well versed in the 33. A government run by a dictator
husbands at the same time science of female ailments (a) Democracy (b) Autocracy
(a) Polyandry (b) Polyglot (a) Cardiologist (b) Surgeon (c) Oligarchy (d) Theocracy
(c) Polysexual (d) Polygamy (c) Gynecologist (d) Sergeant
34. An office or post with no work but
5. One who knows many languages 20. One who eats everything high pay
(a) Polygamy (b) Popular (a) Omnipotent (b) Insolvent (a) Honorary (b) Sinecure
(c) Panacea (d) Polyglot (c) Irresistible (d) Omnivorous (c) Gratis (d) Ex-officio

6. A remedy for all diseases 21. An elderly unmarried woman 35. Person who believes that God is
(a) Spinster (b) Vandal everything and everything is God
(a) Recoil (b) Panacea
(c) Bachelor (d) Adult (a) Agnostic (b) Theist
(c) Marvel (d) Treatment
(c) Pantheist (d) Pantechnicon
7. An examination of dead body 22. A man who wastes his money on
luxury 36. Relationship by blood or birth
(a) Ante-mortem (b) Autopsy
(a) Extempore (b) Extravagant (a) Parentage (b) Affiliation
(c) Morgue (d) Cremation
(c) Nymph (d) Surge (c) Consanguinity (d) Nepotism
8. A supporter of the cause of women
23. To induce to have sexual 37. Walking in sleep
(a) Feminist (b) Colleague
intercourse (a) Somniloquism
(c) Extempore (d) Womanish
(a) Incite (b) Seduce (b) Somnambulism
9. A man having no hair on the scalp (c) Lax (d) Entice (c) Obsession
(a) Hoary (b) Naked (d) Hallucination
(c) Gaudy (d) Bald 24. Incapable of being seen through
(a) Invisible (b) Obsolete 38. A person who kills somebody
10. A building where dead bodies are (c) Opaque (d) Transparent especially for political reason
kept (a) Criminal
(a) Aviary (b) Hospital 25. One who sacrifices his life for a (b) Murderer
(c) Zoo (d) Mortuary cause (c) Assassin
(a) Patriot (b) Martyr (d) Hangman
11. The violation of profaning of (c) Soldier (d) Revolutionary
sacred things 39. Study of mankind
26. A person coming to a foreign land (a) Pathology (b) Physiology
(a) Solemn (b) Sinecure
to settle (c) Philology (d) Anthropology
(c) Posthumous (d) Sacrilege
(a) Immigrant (b) Visitor
12. A place where birds are kept (c) Tourist (d) Emigrant 40. Through which light cannot pass
(a) Apiary (b) Aviary (a) Dull (b) Dark
27. Murder of a king
(c) Nursery (d) Extempore (c) Obscure (d) Opaque
(a) Homicide (b) Matricide
13. Killings one’s brother (c) Patricide (d) Regicide 41. A person not sure of the existence
(a) Suicide (b) Fratricide of God
28. An associate in a office or
(c) Patricide (d) Matricide (a) Theist (b) Atheist
institution
(c) Agnostic (d) Cynic
14. One who is not easily pleased by (a) Companion
anything (b) Ally 42. One who deserts his religion
(a) Maiden (b) Pessimist (c) Colleague (a) Deserter (b) Turn-coat
(c) Vulnerable (d) Fastidious (d) Accomplice (c) Fanatic (d) Apostate

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96 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

43. One who uses fear as a weapon of 47. Put side by side 53. Associated with God or religion
power (a) Impose (b) Juxtapose (a) Humbly (b) Holy
(a) Terrorist (b) Militant (c) Depose (d) Propose (c) Virtuous (d) Godly
(c) Extremist (d) Anarchist
48. Chief or Commander of army 54. Work for which one does not take
44. Place where birds are kept (a) Major (b) Lieutenant salary or payment.
(a) Zoo (b) Apiary (c) Colonel (d) General (a) Remunerated (b) Charge-sheet
(c) Armoury (d) Aviary (c) Complementary (d) Honorary
49. One who pays rent to the landlord.
45. A man of odd habits (a) Termagant (b) Trojan
55. No longer in use
(a) Eccentric (a) Absolute (b) Obsolete
(c) Tenant (d) Payee
(b) Cynical (c) Contemporary (d) Remote
(c) Introvert 50. Two pieces of bread spread with
(d) Moody butter or any other food. ANSWERS
(a) Sand dune (b) Loaves
Directions (Q.Nos. 46-55) Out of (c) Bun (d) Sandwich 1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5 (d)
the four alternatives choose the one 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (d) 10 (d)
which can be substituted for the given 51. Without change of tone or pitch. 11 (d) 12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (d) 15 (c)
(a) Monotone (b) One tone 16 (a) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d)
words/sentence. 21 (a) 22 (b) 23 (b) 24 (c) 25 (b)
(c) Single tone (d) First tone
46. One who can not be corrected 26 (a) 27 (d) 28 (c) 29 (c) 30 (d)
(a) Incorrigible 52. A place where treasures of 31 (c) 32 (b) 33 (b) 34 (b) 35 (c)
(b) Ineligible art, curios are preserved or 36 (c) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (d) 40 (d)
exhibited. 41 (c) 42 (d) 43 (a) 44 (d) 45 (a)
(c) Indolent
(a) Museum (b) Stable 46 (a) 47 (b) 48 (d) 49 (c) 50 (d)
(d) Indefatigable
51 (a) 52 (a) 53 (b) 54 (d) 55 (b)
(c) Library (d) Studio

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Spellings 97

CHAPTER 05

Spellings
A Spelling test is an assessment of a candidate’s ability to spell words correctly. Spelling is the combination of alphabetic
letters to form written word. Spelling test are also used to check the familiarity of the newly added words with the
candidate.
To provide help to the candidates a list of ‘Frequently misspelt words’ is given here.

COMMONLY MISSPELT WORDS

A H
absence accommodate achieve acquire happiness habitat humorous hammer
across address advertise advice harbour harvest
apparent argument athlete awful
I
B identity imaginary imitation immediately
balance basically beginning believe incidentally independent intelligent interesting
benefit breathe brilliant business interfere interpretation interruption invitation
C irrelevant irritable island
calendar category certain chief J
citizen coming competition convenience
jealous jewel judgement journal
criticise
jailor jiggle joyous
D
K
decide definite deposit describe
knowledge kindness knock knot
desperate develop difference dilemma
kneel kingdom keen knee
disappear disappoint discipline
know
E
L
embarrass environment equipped exaggerate
laboratory length lesson library
excellent except exercise existence
license loneliness lose lying
expect experience experiment explanation
M
F
marriage medicine miniature minute mysterious
familiar fascinating finally foreign
N
forward fundamental
naturally necessary neighbour neither noticeable
G
O
generally government grammar guarantee
occasion occurred official often
guidance
omission operate optimism original

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98 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

P soldier speech stopping strength

parallel particularly peculiar perceive studying succeed successful surely
perform permanent persevere personally surprise
persuade picture piece planning
T
pleasant political possess possible
temperature temporary through towards
practical prefer prejudice presence
privilege probably professional promise tries truly twelfth
psychology U
Q until ugly unusual usually
quantity quarter quiet quit quite undergraduate undertake unemployed understand

R V
realise receive recognise recommend reference village vacation valley various
religious repetition restaurant rhythm ridiculous
version vessel victim variety
S
W
sacrifice safety scissors secretary
weird welcome whether
separate shining similar sincerely

Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-10) In each of Directions (Q. Nos. 11-20) In the 22. (a) Emphetic (b) Emphatic
the following questions, a word has following questions, there are four (c) Emphatick (d) Emphattic
been written in four different ways, out words in each question, find the word 23. (a) Epilogue (b) Epiloug
of which only one is correctly spelt. which is wrongly spelt. (c) Eppilogue (d) Epiloge
Find the correctly spelt word. 11. (a) Eficient (b) Horrible 24. (a) Massacar (b) Masacre
1. (a) Cancelation (b) Cancelletion (c) Insignificant (d) Barren (c) Messacre (d) Massacre
(c) Cancellation (d) Cancellasion 12. (a) Adulation (b) Recieve 25. (a) Opressed (b) Oppresed
2. (a) Mischeivous (b) Mischevous (c) Prejudice (d) Rythm (c) Oppressed (d) Operessed
(c) Mischievous (d) Mischivous 13. (a) Prolong (b) Conditional 26. (a) Mountainer (b) Mounteener
3. (a) Foreigner (b) Forienor (c) Obscure (d) Cautios (c) Mountaineer (d) Mountiner
(c) Foriegnor (d) Foriegnar 14. (a) Worshipped (b) Deterred
27. (a) Ineffectual (b) Iniffectual
4. (a) Exhilirate (b) Exhilarate (c) Murmurred (d) Lapped
(c) Inefecttual (d) Inefictual
(c) Exhiliret (d) Exhilerate 15. (a) Inept (b) Amature
28. (a) Privilege (b) Previlege
5. (a) Inimitable (b) Imimatible (c) Vacuum (d) Glorify
(c) Prevelege (d) Privelage
(c) Inimitible (d) Inimmitable 16. (a) Appraise (b) Behaviour
29. (a) Contemptable
6. (a) Skeletan (b) Sekeleton (c) Commend (d) Mentanence
(b) Contamptible
(c) Skelaton (d) Skeleton 17. (a) Fortunately (b) Internaly (c) Contemptible
7. (a) Colaborate (b) Collaboratte (c) Uniquely (d) Coldly (d) Contemptibble
(c) Collaborate (d) Collabarate 18. (a) Benefecial (b) Regular 30. (a) Efflorescence (b) Eflorescence
8. (a) Scriptur (b) Scriptare (c) Despise (d) Deprave (c) Efllorescence (d) Efflorascence
(c) Scripture (d) Scripcher 19. (a) Narrator (b) Oversear 31. (a) Exterminatte (b) Inexpliccable
9. (a) Commettee (c) Pretence (d) Licence (c) Reffere (d) Offspring
(b) Committee 20. (a) Seperation (b) Desertion
(c) Committe 32. (a) Friming (b) Burning
(c) Serenity (d) Rejoice
(d) Commitee (c) Runing (d) Fryng

10. (a) Obssesion Directions (Q. Nos. 21-40) Find the 33. (a) Sychological (b) Psychological
(b) Obsession correctly spelt words. (c) Psykological (d) Sykological
(c) Obssession
21. (a) Reminiscent (b) Reminicent 34. (a) Velnerable (b) Vulnerable
(d) Obsessien
(c) Riminisent (d) Reminisent (c) Vulnarable (d) Valnerable

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Spellings 99

35. (a) Palete (b) Palet 42. (a) Deteriorate (b) Deteriorrate 48. (a) Cuffe (b) Cough
(c) Palate (d) Pelate (c) Detariorate (d) Deterriorate (c) Cuf (d) Kough
36. (a) Faithfuly (b) Sincerely 43. (a) Knoledgeable (b) Knowledgeable 49. (a) Misterious
(c) Truely (d) Affectionatly (c) Knowledgable (d) Knowledgeble (b) Mistereous
(c) Mysterious
37. (a) Perverted (b) Pervirted 44. (a) Renaissance
(d) Mystereousf
(c) Parverted (d) Parvirted (b) Renaisance
38. (a) Ditheering (b) Dethering (c) Renassance 50. (a) Dictionery
(c) Dithering (d) Detheering (d) Renaissancee (b) Dectionary
(c) Dictionary
39. (a) Composure (b) Cumposure 45. (a) Fictiteous
(d) Dictienary
(c) Composore (d) Cumposore (b) Fictisious
(c) Fictitieous
40. (a) Conssensus
(d) Fictitious
ANSWERS
(b) Consenssus
(c) Consensus 46. (a) Annoyence 1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a)
(b) Annayonce 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (c) 9 (b) 10 (b)
(d) Conssenssus
11 (a) 12 (b) 13 (d) 14 (c) 15 (b)
Directions (Q. Nos. 41-50) Four (c) Annoyance
16 (d) 17 (b) 18 (a) 19 (b) 20 (a)
words are given in each question, out (d) Anoyance
21 (a) 22 (b) 23 (a) 24 (d) 25 (c)
of which only one word is correctly 47. (a) Posibility 26 (c) 27 (a) 28 (a) 29 (c) 30 (a)
spelt. Find the correctly spelt word. (b) Possibility 31 (d) 32 (b) 33 (b) 34 (b) 35 (c)
(c) Posibbility 36 (b) 37 (a) 38 (c) 39 (a) 40 (c)
41. (a) Juvinile (b) Juvenile
(d) Possebility 41 (b) 42 (a) 43 (b) 44 (a) 45 (d)
(c) Juvinnile (d) Juvenille 46 (c) 47 (b) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (c)

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100 JKSSB Assistant Compiler (Finance) Recruitment Exam

CHAPTER 06

Rearrangement
of Sentences
Sentence/word rearrangement is concerned with putting D. It took much wisdom to answer these questions.
the sentences or words in the correct order. These sentences (a) BADC (b) CABD
are the part of a logical or thoughtful paragraph. (c) ABCD (d) BACD
Questions based on rearrangement are usually of Ans. (a)
two types.
Type 2
Type 1 ● In second type, the initial part of the sentence is given as
● In first type, a paragraph is split into four sentences and a hint and rest of the sentence is split into some parts
labelled as A, B, C, D or P, Q, R, S. You are required to which are not given in their proper order. You are
arrange these sentences in a proper order to form a required to rearrange these parts so as to produce a
coherent and meaningful paragraph and choose meaningful sentence.
the option that gives the correct sequence as your
Example (Type 2) Out of the four options given, select the most
answer.
logical order of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
Example (Type 1) Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of Cars were owned by
the given options, pick the one that gives their correct order.
A. only a privileged few and
A. He often asked questions which were strange and B. my class of society was
witty. C. as yet untouched by it
B. Emperor Akbar was in the habit of putting riddles (a) ABC (b) CBA
and puzzles to his courtiers. (c) CAB (d) BCA
C. Once he asked a strange question that a confused
Ans. (a)
everyone.

Practice Questions
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-15) In the following 2. The inspector argued that no force S : carry out their duties promptly
questions, some parts have been jumbled up. was used (a) R S P Q
You are required to rearrange these parts, P : beyond that was necessary to (b) P R Q S
which are labelled P, Q, R and S, to produce put an end to the disturbances (c) R S Q P
the correct sentence. Q : by the police (d) P Q R S

1. When R : produced 4. The concept of death

P : it becomes an honour of a S : by the anti-social elements P : that it has been reduced
lifetime (a) Q P R S (b) S P R Q Q : as an inevitability
(c) P S R Q
Q : in recognition of their great R : is so ancient
(d) Q R P S
performance S : to a cliche
R : illustrious personalities 3. Though my father (a) S P R Q
S : win an award P : he is deeply concerned (b) Q R P S
(a) R P Q S (b) P Q R S Q : about their needs (c) S R P Q
(c) Q R S P (d) R S Q P R : makes his children (d) Q P R S

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Rearrangement of Sentences 101

5. The specific 12. The Portuguese, 17. A. On the morning of April 12,
P : ability requirements of the job P : had a great talent Gopal rose at 5.30 am.
Q : depend on the Q : as also for choosing the right B. Then he drove to the Joggers
R : required for adequate job place to.build Park which was four km away.
performance R : for building houses C. There he met his group of
S : intellectual or physical abilities S : who arrived in Goa 400 years walking enthusiasts.
(a) P Q R S (b) S R Q P ago D. He put on his track suit and
(c) P R Q S (d) S Q R P (a) R P S Q (b) S Q R P walking shoes.
(c) R Q S P (d) S P R Q (a) C B A D (b) A D B C
6. In life
13. The unfortunate reality (c) D C A B (d) A C B D
P : some rules are
Q : as in business P : as a result of this decline 18. A. Her father had been stuck in
R : they seem almost instinctive England is an elevator for six hours.
S : learnt so early that Q : peripheral sport in England and B. Esha had heard from her
(a) R S P Q R : is cricket is today a parents about a blackout
(b) Q P S R S : peripheral to world cricket caused by a sudden storm.
(c) R P S Q (a) S Q P R (b) R P Q S C. She had to grope in the dark
(d) Q S P R (c) S P Q R (d) R Q P S and cook by the candlelight.
7. For thousands of years 14. All precautionary measures were D. Her mother’s story had been
P : one of the most important fruits taken quite different from his.
P : to prevent the capture of booths (a) C A D B (b) B A D C
Q : the strange fruit of this bush
Q : during the election (c) B D C A (d) A D C B
R : of the mediterranean region
S : has been regarded as R : by the Government 19. A. But when their short racing
(a) P Q R S (b) Q S P R S : by the terrorists careers are over, greyhounds
(c) P S Q R (d) Q R P S (a) S P R Q (b) Q S P R are adopted as household pets.
(c) R P S Q (d) R Q P S B. Greyhound racing is a popular
8. If
15. Making spectator sport in the United
P : no amount of experience could
P : had formed from the receding States.
alter them
Q : they could be fixed at birth and tide C. They worry that the greyhounds
Q : I noticed a man fishing in would need a large space to
R : completely dictated by heredity
R : my way to a favourite fishing run to get sufficient exercise.
S : personality characteristics were
(a) Q R S P (b) S P Q R spot D. Unfortunately, many people
(c) Q P S R (d) S R Q P S : a very small pool of water that hesitate to adopt a retired
(a) S P Q R (b) R Q S P racing greyhound as a pet.
9. The Great Powers are engaged (a) D A C B (b) D B C A
(c) S Q R P (d) R P S Q
P : in spite of common knowledge (c) B A D C (d) B D A C
Q : in arming themselves to the Directions (Q. Nos. 16-30) Given below
are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given 20. A. The subjects taught in the
teeth,
Gurukul varied from Sanskrit
R : total destruction of the human options, pick the one that gives their correct to Mathematics.
race order. B. Indian education has its roots
S : that another war will mean in the ancient ages.
16. A. Gone are the days when you
(a) Q R S P (b) S P Q R C. However this system changed
stayed with one firm for your
(c) Q P S R (d) S R Q P when the British came to India.
entire career and made lifelong
10. Everyone knows that friends in the office. D. In those days the Gurukul
P : it’s difficult B. This phenomenon was noted in system was followed.
Q : to speak more politely a recent research report which (a) D C A B (b) B C A D
R : to go to the manager (c) C B A D (d) B D A C
found that the median tenure
S : and tell him that he ought for employees below the age of 21. A. But after a while they all began
(a) Q S R P (b) P R S Q 30 is just two years. to blur in our memories.
(c) Q R S P (d) P S R Q C. The research report stated that B. When we arrived in Bangkok,
11. The Government has assured the young people today are we took a tour of the city’s
people that famous Buddhist temples.
tempted to switch jobs quickly.
C. However there was one temple,
P : in the Kargil operation D. As job longevity becomes a the Temple of Golden Buddha,
Q : who have sacrificed their lives phenomenon of the past, there which left an indelible
R : will be properly looked after is a change in attitude in the impression in our hearts and
S : the families of all those modern generation towards minds.
soldiers employment. D. We visited numerous temples
(a) P S R Q (b) S Q P R (a) D B C A (b) B A D C that day.
(c) S R Q P (d) S P R Q (c) C D A B (d) D C B A (a) B A C D (b) DCBA
(c) A D B C (d) BDAC

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102 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

22. A. We even fail to recognise that (a) D B A C (b) CBDA Directions (Q. Nos. 31-49) Rearrange the
their call of duty keeps them (c) B C D A (d) CDAB parts of the sentence in correct order.
away from their families. 27. A. Today, man is master of the 31. In developing countries today
B. Yet, we often fail to appreciate world and he makes the P : urban health conditions
these sacrifices that they animals do what he likes. Q : than rural health conditions
make. B. Others he eats; and those like R : seem to be better
C. They make countless sacrifices the lion and the tiger, he (a) P R Q (b) P Q R
for the nation and keep us safe shoots for pleasure. (c) Q R P (d) R P Q
from our enemies.
C. Early man, when he first 32. All the sound reasons
D. The uniformed men and
came, must have been P : ever given for conserving
women are our unsung heroes.
surrounded by many huge Q : to the conservation of wildlife
(a) D A B C (b) D C B A
(c) A B C D (d) C B A D
animals and he must have lived R : other natural resources apply
in fear of them. (a) P R Q (b) R Q P
23. A. They used thin twigs called D. Some he tames like the horse, (c) P Q R (d) Q R P
chew sticks as tooth cleaners. the cow, the elephant, the dog,
B. The fuzzy end was rubbed 33. The art of
the cat and so many others.
against the teeth to keep them P : efforts and practice
(a) C A D B
clean. Q : fruit of persistent
(b) C B D A
C. These sticks were fuzzy at one (c) A C B D
R : effective presentation is the
end. (a) Q P R (b) R P Q
(d) B C D A
(c) R Q P (d) P R Q
D. How did people clean their
28. A. This code contains information
teeth before the toothbrush about its nature. 34. The Greek plays
was invented? P : maintain an extremely
B. Each living organism has a
(a) D B C A (b) A C B D
DNA code. Q : particularly the tragedies,
(c) D A C B (d) B C A D R : high intellectual level
C. If this genetic material is
24. A. One population lives in the (a) P Q R (b) R P Q
altered, it would alter the
Bwindi National Park in Uganda. (c) Q R P (d) Q P R
organism.
B. Mountain gorillas are some of D. The nature of an individual is 35. The whole biosphere, like
the most threatened animals determined by the unique P : a chemically dynamic state
on the planet. genetic material in the code. Q : the individual organisms that
C. Only two groups of mountain (a) D C A B (b) D B C A R : live inside it, exists in
gorillas remain. (c) B A D C (d) B C D A (a) R Q P (b) Q R P (c) Q P R (d) P Q R
D. The other group lives in the 29. A. Yet, it is India that is the 36. For ages,
Virunga Mountains. home of the malnourished P : the Indian psyche has been
(a) B D C A (b) C D B A child.
(c) A B C D (d) B C A D Q : geared towards devoting one’s life
B. Some major ones are lack of R : to the welfare of all
25. A. Yet, whatever was printed was food, sanitation and proper (a) P Q R (b) R Q P
profound and even inspirational. healthcare. (c) P R Q (d) Q P R
B. In pre-independence India C. The reasons for malnutrition
there were two kinds of among Indian children are 37. Many a bird found
newspapers. many. A- secure in the branches
C. The other spoke of the D. Millions of rupees have been B- safety in the trees and
aspirations of the people and spent on child care in the C- built their nests, feeling
pointed out injustice. country. (a) B A C (b) B C A
D. One set was supportive of the (a) C B A D (b) D C A B (c) A C B (d) A B C
colonial power. (c) D A C B (d) A C B D 38. I learnt he had
(a) D C A B (b) B D C A 30. A. For them, it’s like a magic A. spoke about yoga, slums and
(c) A B D C (d) B A C D carpet, their version of a car. Indian
26. A. Little did she know that I was B. All kids want to be older, so B. never been to India, yet he
out of job once again. from an early age they C. cinema with conviction
B. But all the money soon imitate their parents or (a) A C B (b) B A C
vanished into the bottomless siblings. (c) A B C (d) C B A
pit of household needs. C. While cycling they imagine 39. If your ward talks
C. I returned home with my they are doing adult things or A. well to convince you, be
pockets full of my earnings. being adults. B. social and interpersonal
D. However, my grandmother was D. Bikes offer them a chance to be creativity
happy that I had become independent. C. proud that he or she has
responsible. (a) A D C B (b) D C B A (a) B A C (b) A C B
(c) B D A C (d) B A C D (c) B C A (d) A B C

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Rearrangement of Sentences 103

40. Today, less privileged white Q : of data, information, and 47. Elections globally
P : Americans are considered to be R : communication is considerably P : dominated by numbers,
Q : and pathologists predominates (a) R Q P (b) R P Q (c) P R Q (d) Q R P percentages
R : in crisis, and the language of 44. Williamson shoveled scorn on Q : and tallies
sociologists P : the low-income white R : can be dry affairs
(a) P R Q (b) Q P R (c) R P Q (d) Q R P Republican voters who, (a) R Q P (b) P Q R
(c) R P Q (d) Q R P
41. It may not be a simple Q : were most responsible for the
P : someone does stand to gain rise of Trump 48. It is the right to
Q : by keeping farmers divided R : as he saw it, P : who see us at our most
R : case of “divide and rule”, but (a) P R Q (b) R Q P vulnerable
(a) Q P R (b) P Q R (c) Q P R (d) Q R P Q : the indiscretions of doctors
(c) R P Q (d) Q R P 45. This may be essential at R : privacy that protects us
42. This alone P : where the market fails to from
deliver (a) Q R P (b) Q P R
P : should alert us to what
(c) P R Q (d) R Q P
Q : is actually about Q : swath of an economy
R : the demand for a Uniform Civil R : times, but there is a wide 49. We should learn our lesson
Code (a) Q R P (b) Q P R (c) P R Q (d) R Q P P : from this history and stay away
(a) P R Q (b) P Q R 46. It is a crisis which Q : of our neighbours
(c) Q P R (d) R P Q P : unless policymakers R : from interfering in the messy
43. Ensuring security Q : exercise some intelligence domestic politics
P : harder than hacking into a R : will get even worse (a) P R Q (b) P Q R
system (a) R P Q (b) R Q P (c) P Q R (d) Q P R (c) Q P R (d) R P Q

ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (a)

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PRACTICE SET 01 3

CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Practice Set 01
Instructions 40 questions to be attempted out of 50. Time : 60 Min

Directions (Passage 1-10) Read the following passges V. Nutrition Value: Ingredients used in Adivasi food are a
carefully and answer the questions that follow great source of nutrition in addition to taste. Studies
have revealed that Adivasi food provides high immunity
Passage 1 to diseases and protection from deformities. Food like
I. Food is an important part of our identity and culture. tubers, shoots, berries, nuts, etc. are a good source of
We are known by what we eat. It reflects the geography protein and fat. The consumption of meat, fish, egg,
to which we belong and the locally available resources shellfish, etc., provides good quality protein apart from
used in our cuisine. Adivasi food systems are deeply important vitamins and minerals. Widely consumed
embedded in local culture and traditions, given that the wild or grown tubers enrich their dietary requirement
way of life of these indigenous peoples is so closely of calcium, iron, mineral elements and vitamins.
linked to nature and its resources.
1. The mention of medicinal plants and herbal products
II. Jharkhand is a natural abode and home to numerous makes the writer seem.
Adivasi communities constituting a little over 25% of (a) Commend (b) Thankless
the total population. These communities, in addition to (c) Appreciative (d) Critical
their rich social and cultural traditions, practice 2. Alliteration refers to the occurrence of the same letter
immensely diverse food practices which are based on or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely
locally available resources and techniques. Such connected words.
Adivasi food systems have been instrumental in Select the option that contains a word from the
maintaining the sovereignty and self-reliance of these passage that will form an alliteration with ‘Adivasi
communities. They have taken many varieties of food of Jharkhand’.
vegetables and tubers, wild or grown, to enrich their (a) Sovereignty (b) Ingredients
diet and also to meet their requirements of calcium, (c) Features (d) Medicinal
iron, minerals and vitamins. 3. Select the option that suitably completes the given
III. The realm of medicinal plants and herbal products is dialogue as per the context on the passage.
even vaster. According to the All India Coordinated Jaya That seminar about the Adivasis was very
Research Project on Ethnobiology, tribal communities informative but I don’t think I can ever eat what they eat.
are acquainted with the use of over 9,000 species of Rishi Why are you saying that? Their food ……… .
plants including food plants, while specifically for the (a) is so different from ours
purpose of healing they know the use of around 7,500 (b) is so rich in nutrition
species of plants. (c) is made up raw materials
(d) is obtained from medicinal plants
IV. The Adivasi food of Jharkhand may be defined in terms
of a few characteristic features: food is influenced by 4. What is the relationship between (1) and (2)?
physiological needs and geographical conditions and (1) Such Adivasi food systems have been instrumental
in maintaining the sovereignty and self-reliance of
the habit is closely associated with habitat. This means
these communities.
food habits are guided by locally available resources.
(2) This means food habits are guided by locally
Adivasis consume boiled food like rice, pulses, herbs or
available resources.
‘saag’ and on some occasions, animal or bird meat is (a) (1) is the reason for (2).
roasted on a fire. Because of these consistent food (b) (2) elaborates the problem described in (1).
habits that are based on locally available resources, (c) (1) gives the motive behind (2)
instances of serious diseases are considerably lower (d) (2) explains the problem discussed in (1)
among Adivasis.

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4 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

5. The sentence “We are known by what we eat” means 10. The writer mentions that ‘food is an important part of
that our identity and culture’.
(a) It’s important to eat good food in order to be healthy and Pick the option that closely gives the meaning of the
fit. statement.
(b) We become famous by the kind of food we eat. (a) Culture is what makes everyone different from who they
(c) Healthful and nutritious food is the reason behind our are and where they originate.
fame. (b) Food is family treasure in a way that the recipes are
(d) People remember us because of our eating habits. passed on from one generation to another.
6. Select the option that states the reason behind the (c) As the world becomes more globalised, it is easier to access
statement- “Adivasi food provides high immunity to cuisines from different cultures.
(d) How we eat and talk about food is a different key part of
diseases and protection from deformities”.
our identities.
(a) The food of Adivasis have more protein and fibre.
(b) The food of Adivasis have a rich balance of protein,
vitamins and minerals. Passage 2
(c) Adivasis grow their own food themselves. Democratic societies from the earliest times have expected
(d) Adivasis know the use of around 7,500 species of plants. their governments to protect the weak against the strong. No
7. Which of the following statements is/are true in the ‘‘era of good feeling’’ can justify discharging the police force
context of the passage? or giving up the idea of public control over concentrated
1. Studies have revealed that as the Adivasi food is private wealth.
rich in nutrients, it provides high immunity to On the other hand, it is obvious that a spirit of self-denial
disease and protection from deformities.
and moderation on the part of those who hold economic
2. Most of the Adivasis have frequent cases of serious power will greatly soften the demand for absolute equality.
diseases due to their consistent eating habits.
Men are more interested in freedom and security than in an
3. Adivasi food provides ample amount of proteins, equal distribution of wealth. The extent to which
vitamins and minerals to boost the immune system
Government must interfere with business, therefore, is not
of the eater.
exactly measured by the extent to which economic power is
4. Adivasi communities cover more than 34% of
concentrated into a few hands.
Jharkhand- which is their natural house.
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 The required degree of government interference depends
(c) Both 1 and 3 (d) Only 4 mainly on whether economic powers are oppressively used
8. Which quote summarises the writer’s feelings about and on the necessity of keeping economic factors in a
the Adivasi’s food and culture as described in the ‘tolerable state of balance.’
passage? But with the necessity of meeting all these dangers and
(a) If you keep good food in your fridge, you will eat good food. threats to liberty, the powers of government are unavoidably
–Errick Mc Adams increased, whichever political party may be in office. The
(b) It’s health that is real wealth and not pieces of Gold and
Silver. –Mahatma Gandhi
growth of government is a necessary result of the growth of
(c) Eating healthy food fills your body with energy and technology and of the problems that go with the use of
nutrients. Imagine your cells smiling back at you and machines and science. Since the government in our nation,
saying: ‘Thank You!. –Karen Salmansohn as well as in all civilised nations, must take on more powers
(d) A Journey of thousand miles begins with a single step. to meet its problems, there is no way to preserve freedom
–Lao Tzu except by making democracy more powerful.
9. Select the option that lists what we can conclude from 11. ‘Era of good feeling’ in second sentence can mean
the passage. (a) time of prosperity (b) time of adversity
(1) Adivasis are self-reliant and have a good immune (c) time without government (d) time of police atrocities
system as they eat nutritious food that is available
as per their natural resources. 12. ‘Tolerable state of balance’ in the last sentence of the
(2) Adivasis are self-reliant and have good immune first paragraph may mean
(a) a reasonable amount of government interference
system as they eat every kind of food that is given to
(b) an adequate level of police force
them by their governing agencies.
(c) a reasonable check on economic power
(3) Adivasis are self-reliant, modern and have good (d) a reasonable level of economic equality
knowledge of healing properties.
(4) Adivasis are not self-reliant but have good immune 13. A spirit of moderation on the part of the economically
system as they eat nutritious food that is available sound people would make the less-privileged
as per their natural resources. (a) unhappy with their lot
(b) clamour less for absolute equality
(a) Only (1) is true (b) Both (1) and (3) are true
(c) unhappy the rich people
(c) Both (2) and (3) are true (d) Only (4) is true
(d) more interested in freedom and security

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PRACTICE SET 01 5

14. The advent of science and technology has shade and hides in a fist. The crisp, bright, gold ‘muga’
(a) increased the chances of economic inequality silk, exclusive to Assam, is of superior quality and very
(b) increased the freedom of people costly. Mekhela chadars made from ‘muga’ are
(c) increased the powers of the government gracefully draped by dancers during Rongali Bihu, the
(d) increased the tyranny of the political parties traditional festival of Assam. ‘Muga’, the golden silk of
15. The growth of government is necessitated Assam, was given the Geographical Indication status in
(a) to curb the accumulation of wealth in a few hands 2007 and the GI logo in 2014.
(b) to deploy the police force wisely
16. Which of the following statements is not substantiated
(c) to monitor science and technology
in paragraph IV?
(d) to make the rich and the poor happy
(a) The paat silk mekhela chadars have intricate designs
made from different colors of silk threads.
Passage 3 (b) The silk chadars are made only of limited colors like
I. As we speed our way from Guwahati towards Sualkuchi, golden, red, green and blue because of their maximum
vivid images of colourful silk mekhela chadars flood my liking by the customers.
(c) The mekhela chadars are made in all different types of
mind. This is my second visit to Sualkuchi. Sualkuchi is colors.
endearingly referred to as the Manchester of the East. (d) The paat silk mekhela chadars have complex designs made
Situated on the northern banks of the Brahmaputra, it out of golden silk threads.
is famous for its centuries-old heritage of weaving.
17. Onomatopoeia refers to the formation of a word from a
When I reach Sualkuchi, I can hear the rhythmic sound associated with what is named.
click-clack of the traditional throw-shuttle loom. From the options given below, choose a word that is an
II. Here, weaving is not just a tradition handed down by example of onamotopoeia.
generations, but a way of life and a labour of love. The (a) Click - clack (b) Creepers
majority of the families have hand operated looms, (c) Throw shuttle (d) White paat
which they call ‘taatxaal’. “I’ve been weaving for more 18. Select the option that lists central idea of paragraph
than 25 years now; I still love the craft,” says Binita Roy, V.
a weaver working here. As I ask Binita about the (a) Muga, the golden silk of Assam.
different designs used in the silk garments, I’m amazed (b) Assam’s floura and fauna depicted in the mekehla chadars.
at the sheer beauty of the motifs. A popular design used (c) The famous golden tea of Assam.
(d) Mekhela chadars- the identity of Sualkuchi in Assam.
in mekhela chadars is the ‘kinkhaap’. It is believed that
this design has been used since the days of the Ahom 19. The writer’s question to Binita, about knowing about
kings and consists of two front-facing lions. Other the different designs, was intended to
popular designs include those inspired by Assamese (a) Criticize her creativity and lack of abilities.
jewellery like the ‘gaamkharu’ (a wrist band) or (b) Make the process of creating designs sound simple.
(c) Encourage Binita to join a textile design course.
‘joonbiri’ (a half moon-shaped pendant) and the
(d) Showcase her expertise in creating designs.
kaziranga design inspired by the wildlife at Kaziranga
National Park. These days, colored silk threads are 20. The ‘gaamkharu’ and the ‘joonbiri’ designs have been
bought from South India as it is not commercially viable inspired by
to dye the silks before weaving here. (a) The Kaziranga National Park
(b) The Assamese jewellery
III. Assam’s flora and fauna often sneak into its mekhela (c) The traditional Rangali Bihu festival
chadars. Creepers are woven into borders, peacocks (d) The Ahom kings
prance about the chadars, and delicate, geometric
flowers dot the bodies of the mekhelas. Occasionally, Passage 4
pots and lions too make an appearance. The more I I. Family is one of the few universal and permanent
learn about the tedious procedure of weaving, the more institutions of mankind. In every society and at every
my respect for the craft grows. stage of development we found some sort of family. As a
IV. There are mekhela chadars in different colours: red, result, we found different types of family all over the
blue, green, purple and blue as well as white, beige, world. But in India we found a peculiar family system
black and grey. The ‘paat’ silk mekhela chadars have which deserves special attention. The family in India
intricate designs made out of golden silk threads or does not consist only of husband, wife and their
guna all over. In some of them, different coloured children but also of uncles, aunts, cousins and
threads are also used. grandsons.
V. The white ‘paat’ silk, warm ‘eri’ and the golden ‘muga’ II. This system is called joint family or extended family
silk threads are made into exquisite chadars, saris, system. This joint family system is a peculiar
shawls, dress materials, rihas and ‘gamochas’. The characteristic of the Indian social life. Usually, a son
‘paat’ fabric is often described as one that dries in the

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6 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

after marriage does not separate himself from the 22. Select the option that lists what we can conclude from
parents but continues to live under the same roof, the passage.
eating food cooked at one hearth, participating in (1) The family in India does not consist only of
common worship and holding property in common with husband, wife and their children but also of uncles,
every person’s share in it. aunts and cousins and grandsons.
(2) The joint family is based on close blood
III. All the members of joint family keep their earnings in a
relationships and kinship.
common fund out of which family expenses are met.
(3) One of the main advantages of a joint family system
Accordingly, Indian Joint family system is like a
is the strong bonding it creates among siblings and
socialistic community in which every member earns other members of the family.
according to their capacity and receives according to (4) The food is cooked in different firesides but eaten at
their needs. This family is formed on the basis of close a common place with all the heads in the leading
blood relationships. It normally consists of members of roles.
three to four generations. (a) (1) and (2) are true (b) (1), (2) and (3) are true
IV. In other words, joint family is a collection of more than (c) (2) and (4) are true (d) (1), (3) and (4) are true
one primary family on the basis of close blood ties and 23. Which quote summarises the writer’s feelings in the
common residences. All the members are bound by best manner about the joint family system?
mutual obligations and have a common ancestor. It (a) When everything goes to hell, the people who stand by you
consists of an individual, his wife and married sons, without flinching, they are your family. –Jim Butcher
their children and unmarried daughter, his brother and (b) Joint Family : Divided by property but united by heart. –
Harshita Ashwani
his parents. But to have a clear understanding of the
(c) Nobody has ever before asked the nuclear family to live all
meaning of joint family, we must have to analyse its by itself in a box the way we do. –Margaret Mead
definitions given by different sociologists. (d) Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit
V. Some of these definitions are as follows: family in another city. –George Burns

(1) According to Smt. Iravati Karve, “A joint family is a 24. Which board can be chosen as displaying the title of
group of people who generally live under one roof, the above passage?
who eat food cooked at one hearth, who hold (a) Global Joint Family System
property in common and who participate in (b) Members of Joint Family
(c) Indian Joint Family
common worship and are related to each other as
(d) Types of Families in India
some particular type of Kindred.”
(2) According to K.M. Kapadia, “Joint family is a group 25. The writer mentions ‘This family is formed on the
formed not only of a couple and their children but basis of close blood relationships.’
Pick the option that closely gives the meaning of the
also of other relations either from father’s side or
statement.
from mother’s side depending on whether the joint (a) The joint family members are a coherent group who follow
family is patrilineal or matrilineal.” the same culture and ties of blood.
Thus, we conclude that the joint family comprises of (b) The child who cares for the parents usually receives the
a large number of members which has greater house in addition to his or her own share of land and
moveable property in joint families.
generation depth and who are related to one
(c) An extended family can also be called a complex family,
another by property, income, household and mutual joint family, or multi-generational family.
rights and obligations. (d) With globalisation and increasing urbanisation, people
have become more individualistic and consider family
21. Which of the following statement/statements is not secondary.
true in the context of the passage?
A. Indian Joint family system is like a connected
system in which every member earns according to
Passage 5
their capacity and receives according to their needs. I. Many of us believe that ‘small’ means ‘insignificant’.
B. The joint family is an extension of the nuclear We believe that small actions and choices do not have
family (parents and dependent children). much impact on our lives. We think that it is only the
C. Non-earning members have as much share as the big things, the big actions and the big decisions that
earning members in the joint family system due to really count. But when you look at the lives of all great
the common funds. people, you will see that they built their character
D. The entire members in the joint family system are through small decisions, small choices and small
not bound by mutual obligations and are free to actions that they performed every day. They
take their independent decisions. transformed their lives through a step-by-step or
(a) Only (A) (b) Both (A) and (B) day-by-day approach. They nurtured and nourished
(c) Both (A) and (C) (d) Only (D) their good habits and chipped away at their bad habits,

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PRACTICE SET 01 7

one step at a time. It was their small day-to-day (c) gradually criticised bad habits.
decisions that added up to make a tremendous (d) did not like bad habits.
difference in the long run. Indeed, in matters of 28. How great people transform their lives?
personal growth and character building, there is no (a) They approach life on a day-by-day basis.
such thing as an overnight success. (b) They build character in small ways.
(c) They believe in performing every day.
II. Growth always occurs through a sequential series of
(d) All of these
stages. There is an organic process to growth. When we
look at children growing up, we can see this process at 29. The word ……… in para 3 means ‘purposely ’.
work: the child first learns to crawl, then to stand and (a) Consistently (b) Deliberately
walk, and finally to run. The same is true in the natural (c) Universal (d) Risked
world. The soil must first be tilled, and then the seed 30. The word ……… in para 1 is an antonym of ‘slight’.
must be sowed. Next, it must be nurtured with enough (a) Insignificant (b) Nurtured
water and sunlight, and only then will it grow, bear fruit (c) Nourished (d) Tremendous
and finally ripen and be ready to eat. 31. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
III. Gandhi understood this organic process and used this TURBULENT
universal law of nature to his benefit. Gandhi grew in (a) Raging (b) Peaceful
small ways, in his day-to-day affairs. He did not wake up (c) Forceful (d) Swirling
one day and find himself to be the ‘Mahatma’. In fact, 32. Select the most appropriate sequence from the given
there was nothing much in his early life that showed options to make a meaningful paragraph from jumbled
signs of greatness. But from his mid-twenties onwards, sentences.
he deliberately and consistently attempted to change A. Security cameras captured the whole incident.
himself, reform himself and grow in some small way B. Commuters in Virginia, USA got a shock when a
every day. Day-by-day, hour-by-hour, he risked failure, deer entered a metro station.
experimented and learnt from mistakes. In small and C. However, it eventually backed out and ran away
large situations alike, he took up rather than avoiding unharmed.
responsibility. D. Nobody knows how it made into the station.
IV. People have always marvelled at the effortless way in (a) DCBA (b) BADC
which Gandhi could accomplish the most difficult (c) BDCA (d) ADCB
tasks. He displayed a great deal of self-mastery and 33. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
discipline that was amazing. These things did not come I have visited several places in India, but I ……… the
easily to him. Years of practice and disciplined training Andaman and Nicobar Islands yet.
went into making his successes possible. Very few saw (a) haven’t been visiting (b) didn’t visit
his struggles, fears, doubts and anxieties, or his inner (c) haven’t visited (d) don’t visit
efforts to overcome them. They saw the victory, but not 34. Select the most appropriate word for the given group
the struggle. of words.
V. This is a common factor in the lives of all great people: A dome- shaped shelter built from blocks of solid snow
they exercised their freedoms and choices in small ways used by Eskimos
that made great impact on their lives and their (a) Wigwam (b) Yurt
environment. Each of their small decisions and actions, (c) Tepee (d) Igloo
added up to have a profound impact in the long run. By 35. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given
understanding this principle, we can move forward idiom.
with confidence in the direction of our dreams. Often The trouble makers took to their heels when they saw
when our ‘ideal goal’ looks too far from us, we become the police coming.
easily discouraged, disheartened and pessimistic. (a) hid themselves (b) ran away
However, when we choose to grow in small ways, taking (c) faced them boldly (d) prepared to fight
small steps one at a time, performing it becomes easy. 36. Select the wrongly spelt word.
26. The main idea in the first paragraph is that (a) Medieval (b) Measure
(a) big things, big actions and big decisions make a person great. (c) Magazine (d) Machenic
(b) small actions and decisions are important in one’s life. 37. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
(c) overnight success is possible for all of us.
The rescue team dug out a soldier from the snow ……
(d) personal changes are not important.
how he could have survived for seven days buried
27. The line “Chipped away at their bad habits” given in under it.
the passage means (a) wondering (b) wondered
(a) steadily gave up bad habits. (c) to wonder (d) wonder
(b) slowly produced bad habits.

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8 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

38. Select the most appropriate sequence from the given 43. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate idiom.
options to make a meaningful paragraph from jumbled This is strictly ……… but some changes are going to
sentences. happen in the company in the near future.
A. It is because nowadays people have no time for (a) off the rails (b) off the key
recreation. (c) off the mark (d) off the record
B. But this pastime is getting out of favour now.
44. Select the most appropriate word for the given group
C. It is really a thrilling exercise. of words.
D. Flying kites is my favourite pastime. The cultivation of grapevines
(a) DCBA (b) CDAB (a) Agriculture (b) Horticulture
(c) DBAC (d) BCDA (c) Viticulture (d) Sericulture
39. Select the most appropriate word for the given group 45. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given
of words. word.
The Science which studies the crust of the Earth Evidence
(a) Zoology (b) Etymology (a) Indication (b) Refutation
(c) Biology (d) Geology (c) Denial (d) Concealment
40. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. 46. Select the wrongly spelt word.
Bhanu made a working model of an airplane ……… (a) Lathargy (b) Latter
when he was sixteen. (c) Lateral (d) Latitude
(a) itself (b) himself
47. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
(c) oneself (d) herself
Cogent
41. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given (a) Convincing (b) Weak
word. (c) Ineffective (d) Pathetic
Empathy 48. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
(a) Appreciation (b) Warmth
In view of the excessive heat, schools in Delhi remained
(c) Sympathy (d) Apathy
closed ……… a week in July.
42. Select the most appropriate sequence from the given (a) for (b) about
options to make a meaningful paragraph from jumbled (c) in (d) to
sentences.
49. Select the wrongly spelt word.
A. They appeared to be posing for ‘selfies’.
(a) Naucea (b) Naughty
B. An expeditioner had left it sitting on the ice while (c) Naturalistic (d) Nautical
he visited a rookery.
C. In Antarctica, two penguins found a video camera. 50. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
D. The penguins curiously stared down at the camera. Right from the beginning ……… government’s focus
has been on ……… development of the country.
(a) CBDA (b) CADB
(a) the, the (b) a, the
(c) DACB (d) BCDA
(c) the, a (d) a, no word required

ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (a)

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PRACTICE SET 02 9

CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Practice Set 02
Instructions 40 questions to be attempted out of 50. Time : 60 Min

Directions (Passage No. 1-5) Read the following passges As long as my impact is positive, my presence will be
carefully and answer the questions that follow. welcome. If it is otherwise, I am going to be shunned. It is
either ‘Embrace’ or ‘Embarrass’.
Passage 1 Green initiatives are anti — scorch earth. Air, water and soil
The world is big but in a sense, it starts from me. Knowledge need to be conserved for the thriving of mankind in future.
and awareness about my own self has to precede my The increasing onslaughts on the quality of air and soil need
knowledge of things other than me. If I want the external to be reversed. The indiscriminate exploitation of water —
environment to appreciate a value, I need to do it by myself, consumable water is only 0.3% of fresh water — needs to be
first. In order to make the atmosphere around me green, I stopped. The earth ought not to shrink further, continue to
have to be green myself, in belief and action. breathe easy. Mother earth looks for only love and care from
From dusk to dawn and dawn to dusk, our every activity her children and nothing more in return for all the wealth
leaves its footprint on the environment and ecology. It is a she has so generously showered on us.
24 × 7, eternal phenomenon. A laboured consciousness of
1. The writer emphasises on knowing the
having to go green in all possible areas is required in each (a) external environment (b) atmosphere
one of us. It is after all, our own self interest and that of our (c) world (d) self
descendants. The conscious application of change a few
4. The societal behaviour can help in maintaining the
times is going to become a habit and one's culture in due
environment if we
course. Though we read and hear a lot on green initiatives, (a) plant trees
we hardly tweak our routines to suit the larger picture. (b) use bio-manure
Greenery in the surroundings prevent dust and noise (c) realise social obligation
pollution. The way we water and manure plants also matters. (d) All of the above
Water is also a fast depleting resource. Sprinklers are one 3. Our life can become more productive if we
example to use and conserve it. Compost from bio —waste (a) focus on our environment
can be used as manure for the plants which is cost — (b) reuse, recycle and renew
effective and eco-friendly. We can also contribute to (c) do more promotional efforts
preservation of water bodies by not dumping our garbage in (d) Both (a) and (b)
them. The use of public transport systems in the place of 4. Which of the following will be the most appropriate
individual modes can reduce carbon footprint. title for the passage?
‘Reuse’, ‘Recyle’, ‘Re - engineer’ and ‘Renew’ are the (a) Knowledge and Awareness
mantras. Let us appreciate, support and contribute our (b) Green Initiatives
might to the promotional efforts of the community in this (c) Making the Green Initiative a part of our Lives
(d) Environment Conservation
direction. Remember, my ecology is also the community,
society and the nation that I care for which in turn cares for 5. The phrase “contribute our might” refers to the
me. In other words, all these seemingly outward initiatives contribution towards
done for other are going to make my life more comfortable (a) saving the flora and fauna
ultimately. I have to be, therefore, concerned about what (b) reducing pollution
sort of environment I am responsible for, for my own (c) development of the nation
sustenance, livelihood and progress. (d) maintenance of the environment

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10 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

Passage 2 6. Which feature of Facebook was responsible for the

action of the youngster?
A youngster quit Facebook in December after spending over (a) Poking (b) Liking
three years on social networking site. With that one act, he (c) Gif’s (d) Timeline
bid a silent adieu to more than 300 contacts that he had
7. Why are people generally not comfortable with the
added to his account during the period. Last week a new
new feature?
feature on Facebook called timeline forced him to reconsider (a) Facebook digging out and displaying their past
the pros and cons of being on the networking site. (b) Facebook providing their data to other sites
“Everyone has some skeletons in their closet and I am just (c) Facebook making their data available to all
not comfortable with Facebook digging out and displaying all (d) All of the above
the facts of my life on a bulletin board’’, says this youngster 8. How did the timeline feature work?
who joined the network in July 2013. (a) It categorised all the data into their types
Facebook, you see, had compressed the time, he spent on (b) It put all data in chronological order
the site and arranged it in chronological order. And while he (c) It put together all activity into a video
(d) It set reminders for posts
initially liked the new neatly organised scrapbook like
feature, he wasn’t happy to reveal posts from the past, those 9. Why is Facebook called ‘A recipe for disaster’?
that, until recently, were hidden under layers and layers of (a) It displays the deleted matter
recent updates. Just clicking on a date on the timeline could (b) It makes every post public
(c) It displays the past that was relevant then but not now
transport his friends back in time and enable them to view
(d) They use the data for further advertisement
every embarrassing comment, link or photo he had posted on
his profile. 10. What are the concerns regarding Facebook?
(a) Privacy
“I think it’s a recipe for disaster,” he says. “In 2013, I had (b) Disrupts communication
some wallposts, which seemed appropriate at a time, but (c) Creates superficial friendships
now after a lapse of four years, I have moved on and don’t (d) All of the above
want them to be openly displayed for all to see.’’
11. What did the youngster do with his Facebook
And he is not alone. Many users, worried about how account?
Facebook activity could possibly effect their offline lives, are (a) He updated it (b) He deleted it
choosing to commit ‘Facebook Suicide’. While some have (c) He deactivated it (d) He made it private
privacy concerns,others feel that, the site that was meant to 12. Which of the following characteristics can be apt for the
bring them closer to their friends actually does the opposite - lives of the people who had quit Facebook?
it reduces their friendship to something superficial. (i) Embarrassing (ii) Peaceful
“Poking and liking are not enough to keep a friendship (iii) Real (iv) Nostalgic
going’’, says a business analyst. Having quit Facebook three (v) Social (vi) Addictive
years ago, he prefers meeting is ‘real’ friends face to face, (a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (iii) and (v)
instead of reading their trite posts online. “On Facebook, (c) (iii) and (vi) (d) (i) and (v)
people hype everyday issues including what they ate and
13. For what reason did the business analyst quit
where they went on daily basis’’, says this analyst who Facebook?
continues to use twitter. (a) It bought forward false data regarding her friends
“Facebook has become a time sink and it could not justify the (b) Fear of leakage of private information
time I spent on it, “he says, “I spend more time calling up (c) She prefers meeting friends face to face
(d) She is not as tech-savvy
friends or relatives over the phone now......I also go out and
meet people whenever possible and have a good offline life. I 14. Which of the following will be the most appropriate
do not regret the change. title for the passage?
(a) Quitting Facebook
“Today, Facebook has 800 million users of which 37 million
(b) Facebook: Stay or Quit
are Indians. The site has become an online identity for most, (c) Can you Quit Facebook?
and many of those who decided to quit cannot overcome the (d) Facebook- A Digital Drug
withdrawal symptoms and return.
15. What shows that Facebook is aware of its addictive
Facebook, fully aware of its addictive powers, facilitates this powers?
return by allowing users to ‘deactivate’ their accounts but (a) It deactivate feature
continues to store information on its servers so that they can (b) It act of storing information in its servers
return from their ‘break’, whenever they wish. (c) Allowing users to rejoin the app
(d) All of the above

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PRACTICE SET 02 11

Passage 3 16. Which of the following is not the characteristic of

bureaucratic culture?
Management is a set of processes that can keep a (a) Manager’s listen poorly and learn slowly
complicated system of people and technology running (b) Managerial competencies are nurtured
smoothly. The most important aspects of management (c) Employee clearly see the forces that present threats and
include planning, budgeting, organising, staffing, controlling opportunities
and problem solving. Leadership is a set of processes that (d) Prevalence of unhealthy arrogance.
creates organisations in the first place or adapts them to 17. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in
significantly changing circumstances. the context of the passage?
Leadership defines what the future should look like, aligns (a) Bureaucratic culture smother those who want to respond
to changing conditions.
people with that vision and inspires them to make it happen
(b) Leadership produces change and has the potential to
despite the obstactles. This distinction is absolutely crucial establish direction.
for our purposes here. Successful transformation is 70 to 90 (c) Pressure on managers come mostly from within.
percent leadership and only 10 to 30 percent management. (d) Leadership centres on carrying out important functions
Yet for historical reasons, many organisations today don’t such as planning and problem solving.
have much leadership. And almost everyone thinks about the 18. Why did companies and universities develop
problem here as one of meaning change. programmes to prepare managers in such a large
For most of this century, as we created thousands and number?
thousands of large organisations for the first time in human (a) Companies and Universities wanted to generate funds
through these programmes.
history, we did not have enough good managers to keep all
(b) The large number of organisations were created and they
those bureaucracies functioning. So many companies and needed managers in good number.
universities developed management programs and hundreds (c) Organisations did not want to spend their scarce resources
and thousands of people were encouraged to learn in training managers.
management on the job. And they did. But people were (d) Organisations wanted to create communication network
taught little about leadership. To some degree, management through trained managers.
was emphasised because it’s easier to teach than leadership. 19. Which of the following is similar in meaning of the
But even more so, management was the main item on the word smother as used in the passage?
twentieth centuary agenda because that’s what was needed. (a) Suppress (b) Encourage
For every enterpreneur or business builder who was a leader, (c) Instigate (d) Criticise
we needed hundreds of managers to run their ever-growing 20. What, according to the author, is leadership?
enterprises. (a) Process which keeps system of people and technology
Unfortunately for us today, this emphasis on management running smoothly.
(b) Planning the future and budgeting resources of the
has often been institutionalised in corporate cultures that organisation
discourage employees from learning how to lead. Ironically, (c) Inspiring people to realise the vision.
past success is usually the key ingredient in producing this (d) Carrying out the crucial functions of management
outcome. The syndrome, as I have observed it on many
occasions, goes like this. Success creates some degree of Passage 4
market dominance, which in turn produces much growth. Human analytical abilities remain vastly superior to
After a while keeping the ever-larger organisation under anything demonstrated elsewhere in the animal kingdom.
control becomes the primary challenge. So, attention turns Virtually in all studies of animal intelligence and language
inward and managerial competencies are nurtured. With a skills, performance plummets as more elements are added to
strong emphasis on management but not leadership, a task and as an animal has to remember these elements for
bureaucracy and an inward focus take over. But with long periods. By contracts, humans can call on vast working
continued success, the result mostly of market dominance, memory.
the problem often goes unaddressed and an unhealthy
Many evolutionary scholars suspect that as ancient human
arrogance beings to evolve. All of these characteristics then
groups became larger, the need to keep track of every more
make any transformation effort much more difficult.
complex social interactions was what really pushed the
Arrogant managers can over-evaluate their current human brain toward superiority. Both dolphins and chimps
performance and competitive position, listen poorly and have very complex interactions, but the intricacy of their
learn slowly. Inwardly focused employees can have difficulty social world pales beside the lattice of entanglements that
seeing the very forces that present threats and opportunities. characterised human society as early. Homosapiens bonded
Bureaucratic cultures can smother those who want to together to gather food and defend themselves. In Somalia
respond to shifting conditions. And the lack of leadership today, warring clans identify friend or foe by demanding that
leaves no force inside these organisations to break out of the those accosted recite their ancestry going back many
morass.

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12 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

generations. It is easy to see how similar challenges in 25. What is the ethical problem posed by the notion that
antiquity might have driven the development of brainpower. animals might actually think?
It does not lessen the grandeur of the human intellect to (a) It is difficult to accept that humans are also animals.
(b) Animals should perhaps not be used in laboratory
argue that it evolved partly in response to social pressures or
experiments.
that these pressures also produced similar abilities in lesser (c) Animals cannot perhaps be treated as mere resources.
creatures. Instead, the fact that nature may have broadly (d) It has to correctly assessed as to how much can an animal
sown the seeds of consciousness, suggests a world enlivened actually think.
by many different minds. There may even be practical
applications. Studies of animal cognition and language have Passage 5
yielded new approaches to communicating with The Indian scenario can be described very briefly. The
handicapped and autistic children. Some scientists are apparatus of the state has become an integral part of what
pondering ways to turn intelligent animals like sea lions and Americans term the iron triangle : a collusion of (a) those
dolphins into research assistants in marine studies or into who benefit from the subsides the industry, urban
lifeguards who can save the drowing upon commond. populations, rich farmers (b) those who decide on who is to
If the notion that animals might actually think poses a be subsidised at whose cost the politicians and (c) those who
problem, it is an ethical one. The great philosopher, such as administer the subsidies the bureacuracy.
Descartes, used their belief that animals cannot think as a Let me explain what I mean. Take the example of bamboo.
justification for arguing that they do not have moral rights. It Bamboo has been made available to paper mills at rates as
is one thing to treat animals as mere resources if they are low as one to two rupees per tonne, when the basket weavers
presumed to be little more than living robots, but it is entirely were buying it in the market at a high price several thousand
different if they are recognised as fellow sentient beings. rupees per tonne. Cament factories receive power and raw
Working out the moral implication makes a perfect puzzle materials at subsidised rates and pass on the costs of
for a large-brained, highly social species like our own. pollution to the society at large; the cement thus subsidised
21. What could be some of the practical applications of flow to metropolises. These metropolises also attract large
animal intelligence? quantities of bricks made from the previous topsoil of farms
(a) To use dolphins for solving difficult mathematical and baked with old banyan trees now being liquidated for
problems. kilns.
(b) To use some animals for guarding and superivising other
animals. When a giant hydel project on a river in one state was
(c) To develop new approaches to communicate with concluded, the bulk of its power was given over to a single
handicapped and mentally ill children. aluminium industry at a few paise per unit, well below the
(d) All of the above cost of production. Later, the State Government decided to
22. In many studies of animal intelligence and language charge only a nominal flat rate per irrigation pump, ensuring
skills, the performance significantly drops that the farmers kept the pumps running whether they
(a) as we move from humans to animals needed the water or not.
(b) membered for long periods
Villagers who lose their lands and small homes under
(c) as we move from animals with large brains to those with
small brains irrigation projects have always been inadequately
(d) as the time allowed to develop these skills is reduced compensated, thereby keeping the cost of projects low. But
the beneficiaries in the command areas never have to pay
23. What makes a perfect puzzle for a large brained for water to take care of even those artificially depressed
highly social species like humans, according to the
costs.
author?
(a) Determining the moral implications of the fact that 26. Which of the following industries have been referred
animals might actually think. to in the passage?
(b) discovering the real reason why nature developed the (a) Aluminium (b) Brick
ability to think in animals. (c) Paper (d) Iron
(c) Deciding what should be the ideal relationship between
humans and animals. 27. According to the author, who decides the beneficiaries
(d) To answer the question if animals are different from of various subsidies?
humans. (a) The bureaucrats (b) The industrialists
(c) Rich farmers (d) None of these
24. What really pushed the human brain towards
superiority? 28. Which of the following describes correctly the
(a) The need to keep track of ever more complex social approach of the author?
interactions. (a) Positive criticism followed by suggestions for improvement
(b) The need to develop efficient methods of gathering food. (b) Prove how government has handle the situation effectively
(c) The need to find better methods of defending themselves. (c) One sided, negative and highly critical
(d) The need to evolve faster than other species. (d) Indifference to both government and welfare of people

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PRACTICE SET 02 13

29. Four of the five words used in the passage form one 36. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given
group, the fifth one does not belong to that group. Find idiom.
out the word that does to belong to the group. To hit below the belt
(a) Giant (b) Bulk (a) To attack after warning
(c) High (d) Small (b) To hit someone boldly
(e) Large (c) To hit off the mark
30. Which of the following statements is true in the (d) To attack in an unfair manner
context of the passage? 37. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
(a) Paper mills and basket weavers both get bomboo at very Thwart
low rates. (a) Allow (b) Obstruct
(b) Wood from banyan trees is used by the cement industries. (c) Oppose (d) Appoint
(c) The government machinery is taking a balanced view
about development. 38. Select the incorrectly spelt word.
(d) The cement industry is responsible for puolluting the (a) Accumulate (b) Neccessary
atmosphere E. The government is influenced by American (c) Occasion (d) Remittance
terms.
39. Select the option that can be used as a one-word
31. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled substitute for the given group of words.
order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to Study of diseases
form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. (a) Pathology (b) Anthology
A. His role also includes the smooth flow of goods from (c) Etymology (d) Neurology
farms and factories to the consumer. 40. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
B. As the final link between the producer and the In the absence of the Principal, the Vice-Principal
consumer, he plays a key role in the economy. ……… for him.
C. It is he who promotes or impedes the sale of (a) deputes (b) exchanges
products. (c) officiates (d) replaces
D. The retailer determines the final cost of a product. 41. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled
(a) BACD (b) CABD order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to
(c) DCBA (d) ABCD form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
32. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given A. In fact he began his career as a peon in a small
idiom. firm.
A square deal B. Before he joined us as the accounts officer, he was a
(a) A fair and honest deal (b) An advantageous deal junior clerk.
(c) An unfruitful plan (d) A false claim C. He learnt typing, accounting and even graduated.
33. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled D. But he gradually improved his qualifications.
order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to (a) CDAB (b) BADC
form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. (c) CBAD (d) BCDA
A. He stamped them mechanically and returned them 42. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
to us. Indigenous
B. They had information that large sums of money (a) Alien (b) Innate
were being smuggled out of the country. (c) Natural (d) Primitive
C. No sooner had he left than the custom officers entered. 43. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
D. An official entered our train compartment and The workers ……… against the new labour laws.
asked for passports. (a) remonstrated (b) dissented
(a) CBDA (b) DCBA (c) implicated (d) opposed
(c) ACBD (d) DACB
44. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given
34. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom. idiom.
To have an axe to grind To read between the lines
(a) To have a selfish motive in doing something (a) To criticise the writer’s style
(b) To have an indomitable task to accomplish (b) To interrupt someone while reading
(c) To have adequate means of subsistence (c) To read each line carefully
(d) To have access to top levels of authority (d) To understand the implied meaning
35. Select the option that can be used as a one-word 45. Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word.
substitute for the given group of words. Remorse
An entertainer who performs difficult physical feats (a) Empathy (b) Regret
(a) Archer (b) Acrobat
(c) Sorrow (d) Satisfaction
(c) Artist (d) Artisan

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14 CUET (UG) Section IA : English Language

46. Select the option that can be used as a one-word 48. Select the option that can be used as a one-word
substitute for the given groups of words. substitute for the given group of words.
One who possesses several talents No longer in use
(a) Versatile (b) Verbose (a) Obscure (b) Oriental
(c) Virtuous (d) Virtual (c) Original (d) Obsolete
47. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a 49. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
meaningful and coherent paragraph. The more he tried to solve the mystery, the more
A. The sand is so hot that you cannot walk over it in ……… he felt.
the day time. (a) perplexed (b) humbled
B. Here, there is nothing but sand and rock. (c) callous (d) confusing
C. A great part of Arabia is a desert. 50. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
D. However, there are springs of water but these are He was ………… at his brother’s refusal to help him
few and far apart. financially.
(a) CBAD (b) BDCA (a) indignant (b) indicted
(c) CABD (d) ACDB (c) enchanted (d) enamoured

ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (a)

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