M.A.
History
Scheme and Syllabus
School of Distance Education
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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Sl.No. Paper M.A. History (Previous)
1 Paper – I Society, Economy & Culture of Medieval India (1206-1707)
2 Paper – II History of Europe 1789-1919
3 Paper – III History of Andhras up to 1565 AD
4 Paper – IV History of U.S.A. 1776-1964
5 Paper – V Social& Economic History of Modern India 1757-1947)
6 Paper – VI History of Modern Japan (1840- 1951)
Sl.No. Paper M.A. History (Final )
1 Paper – I Twentieth Century world since 1919
2 Paper – II History of Freedom Movement in India (1857 – 1947)
3 Paper – III History of Modern Andhra (1650 – 1956)
4 Paper – IV Historiography & Historical Method
5 Paper – V Tourism Theory and applications.
6 Paper – VI Archival Studies
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MA HISTORY (PREVIOUS)
Program outcomes
1. To familiarize students with different historical periods, events, and personalities.
2. To help students develop critical thinking and analytical skills necessary for researching,
analyzing, and interpreting historical data.
3. To develop an understanding of the theoretical approaches and methodologies used in
historical research.
4. To enable students to develop research skills and techniques required to carry out
independent research projects.
5. To develop the ability to communicate historical ideas effectively through oral and
written means.
6. To help students develop an understanding of the relationship between history and other
disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, literature, and political science.
7. To prepare students for a wide range of career opportunities, including teaching, research,
journalism, civil services, and cultural tourism.
Course outcomes
PAPER I: SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND CULTURE OF MEDIEVAL INDIA (1206-1707)
Course objectives:
1. This paper deals with the social, economic, and cultural aspects of Indian history.
Alongside history, it also looks into various perspectives regarding medieval Indian
history.
2. This paper gives a deeper knowledge of medieval India in all dimensions.
3. This paper is quite useful for students who want to take history as their optional in the
UPSC CSE examination.
Unit - I
Sources for the study of Social. Economic and Cultural History of Medieval India - Changing
pattern of society -Social divisions and sub-divisions - Sultans and Hindu Kings-The Court -
Nobility - General conditions of the people
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Unit- II
Muslim Society in India - Customs and Practices - Marriage Position of Women in -
Administration - Devadasi System - Food and Drink - Dress and Ornaments - Amusements -
Games - Superstitions and beliefs -Slavery
Unit - III
Economic Life-Village and Town-Agriculture -Agrarian Systems of Sultanate and Mughal
periods - Land Revenue Horticulture and Animal Husbandry - Impoverishment of Peasants Non-
Agricultural production and urban economy -Rise of new urban centres Organization of Industry
and trade Inland and Coastal trade -Overseas trade - currency system
Unit- IV
South Indian Temples - Guilds and Corporate bodies- Migrations and immigrations - Social
Mobility - Practice of Sati New religious concepts Virasaivism - Vaishnavism-Islam-Bhakti
movement and its impact on society -Sufism,
Unit-V
Hindu and Muslim movements - Art, Architecture - Indo Islamic Art - Mughal Painting -
Vijayanagara Painting Literature - Influence of Islam on Indian Culture and Vice versa Hindu
Muslim reapprochement.
PAPER II :HISTORY OF EUROPE (1789-1919)
Course objectives:
This paper traces the transformation of Europe between 1789 to 1919 A.D.The student will
interpret and theoretically construct and understand how and why Europe has come to be what
it is today.
SYLLABUS
Unit-I
The French Revolution - Its Nature - Was it inevitable in 1789 Causes - Political, Economic and
Social - Influence of the Philosophers - Work of the National Assembly - National Convention -
Reign of Terror - French Republic, (1792 -1796) - Directory Revolutionary Heritage.
Napoleon Bonaparte - Early Career - First Italian Campaign Work of First Consul Emperor Na-
poleonic Wars - Continental System - Coalitions against him Russian Campaign The Battle of
Waterloo - Napoleon at St. Helena - Napoleonic Leg-end Estimate.
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Unit-II
The Age of Metternich - Congress of Vienna - Con-cert of Europe - Revolutions of 1830 and
1848 The Industrial Revolution - Its chief features - political, social and economic consequences
of the New Industry - The Rise of Socialism.
Unit-III
Napoleon III-Domestic and Foreign Policies Liberalism-Nationalism - Unification of Italy -
Mazzini, Victor Emmanuel II, Cavour and Garibaldi, Unifiction of Germany-Bismarck - Blood
and Iron Policy-Austro Prussian War Franco Prussian War Treaty of Frankfurt German Empire
under William I-Bismarck foreign policy William and "Dropping the Pilot".
Unit-IV
France under Third Republic-Government of Thiers- Rise of Boulangism - Dreyfus Case -
Separation of the Church and the State. The Eastern Question - Its History from 1815-1914-
Greek war of Independence - The Crimean War and the Treaty of Paris (1856) Bulgarian
Atrocities - The treaty of San Stefano (1877) -The Congress of Berlin (1878) -The Balkan
League -Balkan Wars.
Unit-V
Russia in the 19 Century - Autocracy of the Czars Nihilism-Terrorism - Zemstovos - The Dumas
-The Revolution of 1917-Its background and causes - Lenin, Formation of Triple Alliance and
Triple Entente - Causes of World War I - Central Powers and Allied powers-America's entry into
the War - Fourteen points of Woodrow Wilson - Armistice of November 1918- Paris Peace
Conference - Treaty of Versailles.
This paper also covers the broad syllabus for the UPSC CSE examination.
PAPER III: HISTORY OF ANDHRAS UPTO 1565 A.D
Course objectives:
1. This particular paper deals with the local history of Andhra from an ancient perspective.
2. This paper enriches the student with his/her glorious local past.
3. This paper is highly beneficial to students who aspire for Andhra Pradesh based
competitive examinations.
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SYLLABUS
Unit I
Geographical features - Sources of Andhra history - Political History of the Satavahanas -
Relations with the Western Kshatrapas - Socio Economic and Cultural conditions
Unit – II
Successors of the Satavahanas - Out line of the Political and Cultural history of the Ikshavakus
Salankayanas of Vengi, Early Pallavas and Vishnukundins
Unit – III
Political history of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi Relations with the Rashtrakuas. Cholas and
Western Chalukyas - Cultural life - Rule of the Chalukya Cholas in Andhra
Unit – IV
Political History of the Kakatiyas with reference to the reigns of Ganapatideva, Rudramadevi and
Prataparuda II Socio Economic and Cultural conditions - The period of resistance against
Muslim rule in Andhra - Musunuris and other local ruling families Political history of the Reddis
- Social and Economic conditions cultural contribution of the Reddis to Andhra.
Unit - V
Political history of the Vijayanagara Empire - Krishnadevaraya's achievements - Relations with
the contemporary powers - Aliya Ramaraya - Causes, course and results of the battle of
RakshasaTangadi, Administration - Nayankara System - Economy, trade and commerce -
Development of Arts and Letters Religious conditions under Vijayanagara.
PAPER IV :HISTORY OF U.S.A (1776-1945)
Course objectives:
1. This paper covers American history from its revolutionary phase to the founding of the
United Nations Organization.
2. Students are provided with an understanding of the American Revolution and the aftermath
circumstances and evolution till the 20th century.
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SYLLABUS
Unit -I
Colonial Background Colonization of Virginia, Mas-sachusetts, etc., Self-government in the
Colonies - Agriculture - Religion - Spread of Education -Social Life.
American Revolution - Declaration of Independence. Anglo- Trench Alliance of 1778 - Treaty of
Pans-1783 - Articles of Confederation - Making or the U 3 Constitution.
George Washington's Presidency - Hamilton's financial Reforms, Jay's Treaty - Pinckney's
Treaty - Farewell Address - John Adams - Alien and Sedition Acts - The Judiciary Act of 1789-
XYZ Affair
Thomas Jefferson - His Political Philosophy - Lousiana Purchase James Madison - War of 18'? -
Treaty of Ghent.
Unit- II
James Monroe - Missouri Compromise - Origin and Significance of Monroe Docinne - John
Marshal' as chief justice.
Jacksonian Democracy - Kitchen Cabinet - The Sec-ond Bank of US Tariff - Calhoun's theory of
Nullification.
Transportation - Turnipike Roads - New Waterways - Steam Boats - Erie Canal - Development
of Rail Roads.
Frederick J Turner - Frontier in American History New Manifest Destiny-Annexation of Texas -
Mexi-can War-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Unit- III
Civil War - Causes - Compromise of 1850 - Uncle Tom's Cabin - The Dred Scott Decision -
Lincoln's Leadership - Grant and Lee. Reconstruction - Lin-coln and Johnson Plans -
Congressional Plan.
Economic Development - Age of Big Business - Agrarian Problems - Granger Movement - The
Popu-lists Organization of labour - American Federation of Labour - Samuel Gompers - Social
Reform Movement - Settlement Houses - James Adams - The Hull House
Emergence of U.S.A. as a World Power - New Mani-fest Destiny - Alfred T Mahan - The
Spanish American War - Open Door Policy in China.
Unit -IV
The Progressive period -The Muckrakers - Domes-tic Administration of Thedore Roosevelt, Taft
and Wil-son -Foreign Affairs - Big Stick Policy - Dollar Diplomacy - US Entry into World War
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1 - Fourteen Points - Armistice Paris Peace Conference - Rejection of Treaty of Versailles by
Senate.
Republican Administration 1920-32-Hardinge-Teapot Dome Scandals - The Coolidge Prosperity
- Red Scare - Sacco Vanzetti Case Kellogg - Braind pact - Hoover and the Great Depression.
Unit- V
Franklin D. Roosevett - New Deal - Supreme Court - US Entry into World War Atlantic Charter
- Yalta and Postdam Conferences - Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the Founding of the U.N.O.
The Truman Era - Domestic Administration - The Fair Deal Foreign Policy - The truman
Doctrine -The Korean War - General Me Arthur - Eisenhower Republicanism - Eisenhower
Prosperity Civil Liberties and Civil Rights - Foreign Affairs. John F. Kennedy as President -
Domestic Administration - Civil Rights Movement - Peace Corps - The new Frontier The Cuban
Crisis - Assassination in November 1963 - Johnson as President upto 1964.
PAPER V : SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA (1757- 1947)
Course objectives:
1. This paper deals with social and economic aspects and historical perspectives of modern
India.
2. This gives the students a brief and deeper understanding of modern Indian history from
all viewpoints.
3. This paper enriches students with a thorough understanding of various concepts and
perspectives involved in studying modern Indian history.
4. This paper is highly beneficial for students who aspire to all competitive examinations in
India.
SYLLABUS
Unit- I
Social and Economic conditions on the eve of the British rule - Contribution of Christian
Missionaries to Modern Indian Social reform - English Education and its impact.
Unit-II
Socio-religious movements - Brahma Samaj - Arya Samaj - Theosophical movement -
Ramakrishna Mission-Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and reform of Muslim Society- anti-caste
movements in South India.
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Unit-III
Social legislation in 19th and 20th Centuries - Role of Press in creating social awareness - Rise
and growth of communalism.
Unit-IV
Economy during company's period – Commercial policy of the English East India Company
Land Revenue policies -Cottage industries and their decline - Poverty of India.
Unit-V
Economic activity in the Post 1857 period. Rise of foreign enterprise - railways - indigo, tea,
coffee and rubber plantations - taxation policy of the British- Drain of Wealth. Rise of Indian
enterprise - Major industries like Cotton textiles, iron and steel, jute. Cement, Leather and Sugar,
famines and famine relief -Public works Irrigation and agriculture.
PAPER VI HISTORY OF MODERN JAPAN (1840- 1951)
Course objectives:
1. This particular paper deals with the modern history of Japan nation from the period
1840 to 1951 A.D.
2. This paper introduces students to the history of Japan and delves deeper into its history
and gives a clear idea about how and why Japan has come to be what it is today.
SYLLABUS
Unit -1
(a) Early Western Contacts - The Tokugawa Japan - The Mission of Perry & Harris
(b) Causes for the downfall of Shogunate. Meizi Era in Japan-Meizi Consitution of 1889.
Unit - II
(a) Modernization of Japan - Era of Progress – Japanese Industry and Politics of Imperialism.
(b) Sino-Japanese War - The Treaty of Simonoseki. Anglo- Japanese alliances of 1902-Its
clauses-Renewal of the alliance and its effects.
Unit - III
(a) Contest of Korea and Russo-Japanese War - Treaty of Portrnouth - Results of the
Japanese victory. Japan's role in the I World War.
(b) 21 Demands of Japan - Japan at the Paris and Washington conferences.
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Unit - IV:
(a) Political developments during the inter-war period - Rise of militarism in Japan.
(b) Sino-Japanese Relations - Manchurian crisis - The birth of Manchuko& Its consequences.
Unit - V:
(a) Second Sino-Japans War and its results - Japanese role in second world war.
(b) Post War Japan - Demilitarization and Disarmament -New Constitution. Signing of Peace
Treaty of 1951.
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M.A. HISTORY FINAL YEAR
PAPER I: TWENTIETH CENTURY WORLD SINCE 1919
Course objectives:
1. This paper traces the transformation of the since 1919 A.D.
2. This paper serves as a continuation of the world history studied in the previous year of
post-graduation of history.
3. The student will interpret and theoretically construct and understand how and why the
world has come to be what it is today.
4. This paper also covers the broad syllabus for the UPSC CSE examination.
SYLLABUS
Unit – I
The Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson-Parise Peace Conference- The Versailles Treaty-
Dictated peace other peace treaties The Washington Conference - The Four Power, Five - Power,
and Nine -power Treaties-French Demand for Security - The System of Gurantees - The Little
Entente - The Geneva Protocol The Locarno Treaties - Pact of Paris. Problem of Repara-tions
and war Debts. Dawes Plan -Young plan Settlement of the Reparation Problem Economic Crisis
of 1928-31-The League of Nations - Aims- organization - The League as Peace Maker -
accomplishments of the League Disarmament Conference 1932 - Causes for League's Failure.
Turkey - The Treaty of Serves - Treaty of Lausanne Mustapha Kemal - Reforms-Modernization
of Tur-key
Unit–II
Japan's Conquest of Manchuria - Its Consequences. Rise of Fascism - Mussolini - Domestic and
Foreign Policies The Spanish Civil War - Attitude of Various Powers Consequences of the
Spanish Civil 1 War.
Unit - III
General Causes of World War II - Second World War Allies and Axis Powers - Japanese attack
on Pearl Harbour America's entry into War. War Time Confer-ences. The UNO Aims
Organisation - its achievements during the last 25 years.
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The Cold War-origin -Meaning -Churchill's Fulton Speech Policy of Containment - Truman
Doctrine- Marshall Plan phases of Cold War.
Military Alliances - NATO, SEATO, CENTO, ANZUS, WARSAW PACT
Unit – IV
The Far East - Establishment of Peoples Republic of China Mao Tse Tung-The Occupation of
Japan-The Treaty of 1-951 -The Korean Crisis. The Middle East- The Palestine Question - The
Creation of Israel-The Suez Crisis-President Nasser-Nationalization of Suez and the Anglo-
French Invasion-The June War European Unity and the Common Market- British's entry into the
Common Market The British Commonwealth of Nations. The Berlin Crisis of 1958- Khruschev's
US Visit - The U-2 incident.
Unit – V
The Emergence of Afro-Asian Nationalism- Independence of Philippines.India, Pakistan and
Indonesia-The Congo Tragedy.Civil War in Indo-China Vietnam Crisis-Ho Chi Minh.
Sino-Soviet Ideological Difference.Indian Foreign Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru-Non-alignment-
Sino Indian Relations Border Dispute-Indo-Chinese War of 1962. Indo-Pak Relations 1947-71-
Kashmir Problem-Indo- Park War of 1965-Tashkent Declaration-Indo Pak War of 1971-
Emergence of Bangladesh-Simla Agreement- 1972
PAPER II :HISTORY OF FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN INDIA(1857-1947)
Course objectives:
1. This paper deals with the freedom struggle of India from the revolt of 1857 to the year of
independence.
2. This gives the students a brief and deeper understanding of the freedom movement in
India from all viewpoints. Rather than a regular study of modern Indian history.
3. This paper enriches students with a thorough understanding of various concepts and
perspectives involved in studying the freedom struggle of India.
4. This paper is highly beneficial for students who aspire to all competitive examinations in
India.
Unit – I
Resistance to British expansion-Growing discontent- The Great Rising of 1857-Nature and
causes-Transfer of Power to the Crown, Government of India Act of 1858 and Queen's
Proclamation. Beginnings of Indian renaissance and its flowering-Raja Ram Mohan Roy-
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Growing Political and social consciousness-Social re-form movement and their impact of Indian
nationalism. Role of press-Emergence of new elite and associations-Nature of British policies.
Unit – II
Birth of Indian National Congress and its activities upto 1905, Constitutional Development -
Indian Councils Acts 1861 and 1892-Minto-Morley Reforms (1909) Montague-Chelmsford
Reforms( 1919).Y
Unit - III
Partition of Bengal-Vande-Mataram Movement and its significance-Terrorism-Growth of
Separatist Muslim Nationalism-Aligarh Movement-Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Iqbal-Extremist
ascendancy in the Congress-Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Political and Social Developments- Home
Rule Movement-Annie Besant-First World War.
Unit - IV
Gandhian Era-Non Voilent Non-Cooperation-Civil Disobedience-Salt Satyagraha-Gandhi-Irwin-
Pact- Communal Award-Emergence of Muslim League as mala counterpoise to Congress under
Jinnah's leadership.
Unit – V
Simon Commission-Government of India Act 1935- TACT Provincial autonomy-Second World
War Resignation of Congress Ministries-Aftermath. Individual Satyagraha-Cripps' Proposals-
Quit India Movement- Subhah Chandra Bose and Indian National Army. Cabinet Mission
Muslim League's demand for partition of India-Indian Independence Act.
PAPER III: HISTORY OF MODERN ANDHRA (1650-1956)
Course objectives:
1. This paper serves as a continuation of ancient Andhra history studied in the previous
year of post- graduation of history.
2. This paper gives students a holistic approach to the local past and the reasons behind
the contemporary circumstances of Andhra Pradesh.
3. This paper is most beneficial to students who aspire to all competitive examinations in
Andhra Pradesh.
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Unit - I
Political Conditions in Andhra in 1650-Reigns of Abdullah Qutb Shah and Abul Hasan Mughal
Conquest of Golkonda -Legacy of Qutb Shahi Rule, Anglo-French rivalry in Andhra-British
acquisitions of (1) the Northern Circars(1759-88), (ii) Ceded Districts, 1800 and (iii) Nellore and
Chittoor Districts 1802 Andhra under the company 1802-1857-Revolts of the Zamindars and the
Polaigars the Permanent Revenue Settlement-Sir Thomas Munro and the Ryotwari Settlement-
Decline of Agriculture, Handicrafts, Trade and commerce-Drought and Famines-Irrigation
facilities-Sir Arthur Cotton and the construction of Godavari and Krishna anicuts-Progress of
Education.
Unit - II
Andhra under the Crown The Revolt of 1857-its effects on Andhra region and Telangana -
Salarjung's role in Hyderabad-Renaissance in Andhra-Role of Journalism- Social Reform
Movement in Andhra-K, Veeresalingam and R. Venkateratnam Naidu. Political awakening in
Andhra. The Madras Native Association Gajula Lakshmi Narasu Chetty Madras Mahajana
Sabha-Kakinada Literary Association Political and Economic conditions in Telangana-Social
and Cultural awakening-Komarraju Lakshmana Rao- Establishment of Krishnadevaraya Andhra
Bhashanilyam (1901) and Vijnana Chandrika mandali(1906)
Unit – III
Freedom Movement in Andhra -NyapatiSubbaRaokondaVenkatapppyya-Besant's Home Rule
Movement -Duggirala Gopala Krishnayya-pedandipaduNo Tax Campaign-Alluri Sitarama Raju
Rampa Rebellion-Salt Satyagraha Role of T.Prakasam First Congress Minis-try of Madras in
1937- The Quit India Movement - Independence.
Unit – IV
Political Awakening in Telangana-Formation of Andhra Jana Sangam at Hyderabad -Formation
of Nizam Andhra Maha Sabha - Establishment of Hyderabad State Congress Swami Ramanand
Tirtha- The Vandemataram incident in Osmania University-Split in Nizam Andhra Mahasabha
and its activities up to 1946-Razakar Regime-Police Action in Hyderabad- Integration of
Hyderabad State with India.
Unit - V
Movement for the formation of Andhra State-Bapatia Conference- Andhra Mahasabha its
activities up to 1943- establishment of Andhra University(1926)- Rayalaseema Mahasabha-Bagh
pact- Dar Commission-J.VJP. Report Partition Committee Swami Sitaram's Fast-Martyrdom of
Potti Sriramulu- Formation of Andhra State (1953)-State Reorganization CommissonVislandhara
Mahasabha Burgula Ramakrishna Rao-Gentlemen's Agreement(1956) and Emergence of Andhra
Pradesh(1956).
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PAPER IV: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL METHOD
Course objectives:
1. This paper is important for a student of history to know about historiography and
historical methods. It also introduces various concepts involved in history writing.
2. This paper is highly beneficial to students who want to pursue a career in research. Apart
from Ph.D. ambitious students this paper also benefits post- graduate level students by
introducing them to historians and perspectives of various parts of the historical world
allowing them to have a holistic approach towards history through this paper.
SYLLABUS
Unit – I
Definition, Nature, Scope, Purpose and Value of History
Philosophy of History
Historian and his facts-Influence of Society on the Historian- History, Science and Morality
Causation.
Unit – II
Methodology (a) Heuristics, (b) Criticism, (c) Syn-thesis and (d) Exposition.
Objectivity-Errors of History.
History and other social Sciences
Unit – III
Sources of Indian History (a) Ancient(b)Medievel and (c) Modern.
Contributions of Kalhana, Alberuni, Sir William Jones, Cunningham, John Marshall,
Rapson Fleet, V. A. Simth and Robert Sewell to Indian Historigraphy
Unit –IV
Development of Western and Arab Historiography :(a) Classical period: Herodotus, Thucydides,
Livy. Tacitus(b) Medieval Period Church Historiography-St. Augustine. Arab how is nshole
Historiography Ibn Khaldun (c) Modern period: Augusts Comte, Hegel and Marx, Ranke, Gibon,
Acton, Spengler and Toynbee
Unit V
Eminent Indian Historians: R.G. Bhandarkar, Jadunath Sarkar, GS.S. Sardesai.S.K.
Iyengar, R.C. Majumdar. D.D. Kosambi, K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, K.M. Panikar,
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Modern Indian Historiography with special reference to the Historiography of the Indian
Freedom Movement Nationalist School, Cambridge School, Marxist School, SubalternSchool.
Recent Trends in Historical Writing-Elitist approach-History from below - Oral History
PAPER V - TOURISM THEORY AND APPLICATION
Course objectives:
1. This paper delves into various concepts of tourism. It is intended to make students
understand the significance, types, impacts, and practices involved in tourism.
2. This paper helps students to pursue a career in tourism and also to pick it as a separate
academic study further. Rather than these it also helps students to understand the
importance of tourism studies linked to history.
SYLLABUS
Unit - I
Tourism-Definition, Nature and Scope-History of Tour ism-Motivations for Tourism-
Forms of Tourism Domes-tic and International Tourism-Social and Economic
Significance of Tourism.
Unit - II
Tourism Planning and Development- Tourism as an Industry-Ancilallary Industries in Tourism-
Tourism and other Tourism organizations- Tourism and International Organisations.
Unit – III
Cultural Tourism in India - Historical and Archaeological Monuments a Tourist Attractions-
World Heritage Sites in India-Flora, Fauna, beaches, mountains, valleys, fairs, festivals, special
events. dance, music cuisine, health, sports, adventure etc. as Tourism products- Role of
Central and State Governments in the Promotion of Tourism. Its Tourism Policies- Tourism in
Andhra Pradesh.
Unit- IV
Transport, Accommodation, Catering and Entertainments - Sanitation - in Tourist Establishments
Tour-ism Marketing Tourism Promotion-Advertising and Publicity Tour Operator - Travel
Agency-Passport - Tourist Guide -I.T.D.C and APTTD.C
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Unit - V
Impacts of Tourism - Positive and Negative - Impacts on Flora, Fauna and Environment On
quality of Air, Water, Soil, Geology, Mountains, Beaches, etc, Impacts of Tourism on Host
Environment - Social and Economic impacts Policies to be adopted to reduce the negative
impacts of Tourism on Environment and Society.
PAPER VI: ARCHIVAL STUDIES
Course objectives:
1. This paper is intended to introduce archives and its functions and other concepts
related to archives viz., associated archival laws and archival methods etc.
2. This paper gives a brief outlook on the archives and its associated concepts. Apart from
barely studying about archives, this paper teaches the student about various
preservation and conservation techniques of historical records which a history student
must know. This also helps students who want to pursue a career in archives.
SYLLABUS
Unit-I
Definition of Archives and allied terms like Manuscripts, Document, Records-Hazards to
information materials different factors.
Unit-II
Preservation of Archival material - Treatment against Fungi and insects.Liquid Ammonia
Method – Calcium Hydroxide Method-Binding.
Unit- III
Archives and allied institutions and their functions. Museum, Library, Gallery of art, and
Archives History of Archives France, Great Britain, United States of America
Unit-IV
Origin and development of Archives in India – National Archives- Tamil Nadu Archives
Physical forms of Archives -Clay tablets, Stone Inscriptions. Metal plates
UNIT – V
Palm leaf to paper records, Seals, Photographs, Carto-graphic records, Film, Video tapes, Sound
records, Machine readable records Reprography-Non photographic Technique Photographic
Technique- Micrographic Technique Electro static Technique- Computer graphic Technique.
Acquisition and accession of Archives-Arrangement of Archival data- Access to Archives.
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