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Huelga de Hambre (shortened as HDH, Spanish for "Hunger Strike") is a Peruvian band, formed in Lima, Peru, around April 1994. They started to play covers from Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Smashing Pumpkins,998. Huelga de Hambre quickly developed a distinctive quality soun

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13 views6 pages

Final - Report 1

Huelga de Hambre (shortened as HDH, Spanish for "Hunger Strike") is a Peruvian band, formed in Lima, Peru, around April 1994. They started to play covers from Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Smashing Pumpkins,998. Huelga de Hambre quickly developed a distinctive quality soun

Uploaded by

krishnarajgire71
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Optimization in Article Design

Dr. KshitijaKadam1, Samruddhi Bodhekar2 , Sanika Manapure3 , Saniya Mandape4 ,


Krishana Rajgire5*
1Associate Professor, 2-5B. Tech Civil Student’s, Department of Civil Engineering,
Government College of Engineering, Nagpur
*
Email: [email protected]

Abstract
The design of an article plays a crucial role in its utility and significance. Any article is designed
to fulfil the various purpose of its making. The design, shape and size of article decide its
acceptance by the users. Optimising the design enhances its utility and economical value.
Optimization involves the selection of the best solution from among the set of candidate solutions.
Engineer’s being the bridge where real time problems are solved by pure science concepts. It is
responsibility of Engineers to optimally use natural resources for solving technical issues in
society. This paper explores various optimization strategies for designing articles to enhance.
Present study focuses on optimisation of design of an article and helps achieving the desired
outcomes with minimal resources, leading to improved productivity and overall well-being. It
reduces the designing (making) cost of the Article. With constrains of strength and maximum
deflection. The study includes use of STAAD.Pro and Spread Sheet. Design parameters being
configure for number of joints and weight of truss.
Key words: Optimization, Height, Design parameter, constraint etc.

INTRODUCTION
Engineers have to overcomes many problems regards design, construction and maintenance
with technology and proper management. The main purpose of this is to maximize the benefit
and work efficiency and to minimize the efforts. Optimization has wide scope in many
engineering fields such as, designing of aircraft, water resource system, trusses, frames, dams,
electrical networks, inventory management and many more. This process plays most crucial
role in improving productivity and effectiveness.
This paper explains the optimization of an article, a truss, for its minimum material cost.
Optimization of the Article Design showcases the maximum use of the material with least
wastage. The optimisation is achieved in two levels; firstly, design variable is truss
configuration and then height of truss. Experimented trusses carry the same load but different
number of members. Material strength and allowed deflection are used as the constraints.

LITERATURE REVIEWS
Naresh D. Sonwane and Dr K N Kadam have conducted an experiment (2016) on topology and
size optimization of truss where constraints are stress or displacement [1]. Discrete size
optimization of indeterminate truss using hyper work software has been studied. This paper
presents a procedure to optimize weight of plane indeterminate truss. The design variables are
discrete in nature spread in a range with regular intervals [2].
A study on a new hybrid method for size and topology optimization of truss structure using modified
ALGA and QPGA is studied where the efficiency of the proposed nonlinear optimization method is
demonstrated in several practical examples [3].
Singiresu S Rao explained a concept of Engineering Optimization theory and practice in 2009. The
detailed techniques and application of engineering optimization is presented [4].

METHODOLOGY
Optimization within the given constrains function of this experiment is to build a lightweight
and reduce the cost of materials in a truss. The problem in present study is graphically
expressed in Fig. 1. The location of support wall and both the loads are fixed leading to fixed
span of truss. The topography of truss suggests possibility of cantilever truss. For the present
study three configurations of cantilever truss are studied; namely Type A, B and C as shown in
Fig. 2. The height of truss also plays an important role in achieving constraints. Second level
of design parameter is chosen as height of truss (H). It is varied from 0.7 to1.3m in interval of
0.1m (H1, H2………H7).
Deflection criteria for the truss is the deflection in inches due to live load cannot exceed the
span in inches divided by 240 (L/240) and due to total load L/180[4]. Stress criteria is to limit
stress in member under permissible stress as per strength of material of truss, where stress
criteria ≤ 286.09 MPa.

Fig. 1: Truss Topography


Fig. 2: Truss Configurations
Function of Optimization
The optimisation is formulated using following parameters.
Optimisation function = Minimization of material cost
Design parameter = Configuration and height of truss
Constraint (1) = Maximum deflection ≤ allowable deflection,
Constraint (2) = Stress developed ≤ strength of material

Results and Discussions


For the present study structural analysis is done using STAAD.Pro and the optimisation is
achieved using excel spreadsheet. Analysis results on three different configurations of trusses
are shown in Table 1. The deflection and stresses obtained after structural analysis are shown
in Fig. 3 and 4 respectively for Configuration C and height of truss= 1 m.

Table 1: Results of Structural Analysis using STAAD

Fig. 3: Deflection for Configuration C and height of truss= 1m


Fig. 4: Stress for Configuration C and height of truss= 1m

The constraints of optimisation are applied to the structural analysis results of Table 1 in
spreadsheet. And the results of optimisation are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Optimisation results

Conclusions
It is concluded that the cost of truss mainly depends on configuration and height of truss.
Present study deals with three configurations of cantilever truss with seven cases of heights.
Following results are observed.
• With configuration A and heights 1.1, 1.2 ,1.3m both constrains are satisfied.
• In configuration B of truss with heights 1.1,1.2,1.3m satisfy the stress, deflection
criteria and economic.
• For configuration C, height 1.1,1 2,1.3,1.4,1.5 both constrains are satisfied.
• By comparing all cases of configurations and heights, configuration C with height 1.1m
gives optimised lowest cost with satisfactory deflection and stress criteria.
The present study gives an impetus to apply optimisation concept to civil engineering problems
to optimally use resources for economic and sustainable future.
References
1. Naresh D. Sonwane, K.N. Kadam International Journal of Engineering Research (UER)
ISSN 2319-6890 “Topology Optimization of Truss”, Volume No.5 Issue: Special 3, 2016, pp:
621-624.
2.Practical aspect of structural optimization, 2nd Edition Released 06/2015 Altair University.
3.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00057-3Get rights and content
4.https://www.mitekus.com/wpcontent/uploads/uploadedFiles/_RedesignSite/Content/docum
ents/engineering/tech-articles/design-tips/Truss%20Deflection.pdf

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