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GRADE 11 LEARNING MODULE

PE & HEALTH: FOURTH QUARTER (2nd Sem.)

Q4: CHAPTERS 8-9

HEALTH OPTIMIZING
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
2

UNIT 4

SPORTS

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THINGS TO REMEMBER!!!
DO NOT RETURN THE MODULES. KEEP IT FOR FUTURE USAGE. Use the ACTIVITY SHEET/S in
answering the different activities.

QUARTER 4: SPORTS
Lessons: Types of Sports, Aspects and Tactical Skills for Sport, Choosing a Sports, Functions of Management,
Roles and Responsibilities of Tournament Officials, and Tournament Formats

LEARNING COMPETENCIES: The learners…

 create a sports handbook that contains different components.
 select one health and sports-related careers and do an interview/survey.

CHAPTER 9- SPORTS: An Introduction

TYPES OF SPORTS
Sports is an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete under a
set of rules. It is classified into individual, dual, or team sports. Individual sports are played one participation on
each competing side, dual sports are played by two competing pairs, while team sports are played with three or
more players.
Individual and dual games include:
 Badminton
 Bowling
 Boxing
 Lawn tennis
 Track and field
 Table tennis
 Skating
 Swimming
 Beach volleyball
Team sports include:
 Basketball
 Football
 Softball
 Volleyball
However, there are some individual and dual sports that can be played in teams, depending on the tournament
and sponsoring organizations. Some sports can also be played indoors, outdoors, or both.
It is necessary to learn basics of each sport in order to properly play the game. Nonetheless, understanding
how the game is played is most essential. In whichever sports, the benefits of participating in a physical activity
is the most significant.
What is the difference between individual/dual sports and team sports?
Individual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus and passion. The individual
player is solely responsible for winning or losing; succeeding or failing. In team sports, many variables are
considered to determine the success or failure of the team. Although individual qualities and skills are helpful,
performance will not rely on a single talent. A team’s performance or success depends on the collective efforts of
all its players.
What does one need to know in playing sports?
Individual sport relies on the individual while team sports rely on teammates. In playing any types of
sports, it is important to have focus, clear understanding of the game, and work ethics in mastering the skills.

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 Some of the important aspects to consider in learning a sport are:
 History – the inventor of the sport, country origin, and development of the game.
 Court Dimensions/Venue – where the games are played (indoor, outdoor, or both), size, different designs
for male or female, and safety procedures for the players.
 Equipment and Gear – proper protective gears, uniforms, and outfits which also involve safety of players
and officials.
 Technical and Tactical Skills – technical skills are the basics of playing the game while tactical skills are
the strategies to take advantage during the game.
 Rules of the Game – set of any rules on how the game is played violations, penalties, how to score points,
how many players are allowed, etc.
 Officiating – officials of the game, their duties and responsibilities of calling for violations, penalties,
points, etc. and regulating fair play.
The following are example of the basics in playing different individual/dual and team sport:
INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS
Table Tennis
1. Grip
 Shakehand Grip
 Penhold Grip
2. Ready Position
3. Forehand and Backhand
4. Basic Hitting
5. Topspin Serve
6. Basic Position, Forehand, and Backhand Drive
7. Forehand and Backhand Push

Badminton
1. Grip
 Handshake Grip (forehand and backhand)
2. Ready position and Footwork
3. Serve
 Long Serve
 Short Serve (forehand and backhand)
4. Forehand and Backhand Overhead Stroke
5. Forehand and Backhand Clear
6. Forehand and Backhand Drop
7. Forehand and Backhand Smash
8. Forehand and Backhand Drive

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 TEAM SPORTS
Basketball
1. Footwork
2. Pivoting
3. Catching the Ball
4. Dribbling
5. Passing
6. Shooting
7. Rebounding

Softball
1. Throwing
2. Catching
3. Fielding Fly balls and Ground Balls
4. Playing catcher
5. Pitching
6. Batting
7. Base running
8. Sliding

Volleyball
1. Stance (ready position of the body and foot)
2. Service
(Underhand, sidearm, and overhand serve)
3. Tossing (underhand and overhand finger toss)
4. Passing/receiving
(Forearm pass, overhand, and dig pass)
5. Attacking
6. Blocking
7. Defensive Skills (Rolling/Sliding)

TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS IN PLAYING SPORTS

In playing any sport, learning and developing skills help the athletes improve in the game. These
skills involves physical training and game strategies.

Technical Skills
These are the basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game. These are required in all sports.
It advances in degrees or levels as a player practices or gets used to doing the skill. Examples of these are
dribbling, passing, and shooting in basketball, and ball reception, attacking/spiking, and setting in
volleyball.
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 Tactical Skills
These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in different situations during the
game. These may vary depending on the trainer or coach, skill level of an athlete, or strength and weakness
of the opposing team. A basic example is the use of quick pass and movement against taller but slower
opponent in basketball. The tactical decision during a game is galled game sense.
In planning a training/practice, an individual must consider the following:
1. Preparation/Planning
 Date, time, and duration of training/practice
 Objectives/goals
 Equipment needed during the training/practice
2. Training Proper
 Warm-up/Stretching
 Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills
 Scrimmage/Practice game
 Cool down and assessment

CHOOSING A SPORT
An activity/sport should be chosen on an individual’s preference and lifestyle. Some of the
considerations that will guide an individual in their choice of sports include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like ice skating, golf, and scuba diving require financial
investment on equipment and actual activity.
5. State of health and level fitness. Demands of physical activity may be excessive for the body,
having conditioning is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.
What are health-related and skill-related fitness in sports/physical activity?
Health-related physical fitness are the aerobic capacity, muscular, strength, muscular endurance,
flexibility, and body composition of an individual.
Skill-related physical fitness is sometimes called sport fitness or motor fitness. The skill-related
physical fitness is called such as such because people who possess them find it easy to achieve high levels of
performance in motor skills. The components of skill-related physical fitness are agility, balance,
coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.
The table below presents examples of sports and movement in each component of skill-related fitness.
Skill-Related Fitness Component Examples of Sports Movement
Agility Basketball Changing directions to escape a
defender
Tennis Changing direction to hit the ball
Balance Cycling Riding a bicycle
Gymnastics Performing on the balance beam
Coordination Table Tennis Hitting the ball
Baseball Catching the ball
Soccer Kicking a soccer ball
Reaction Time Swimming Start to jump/dive on the pool
when the signal starts
Basketball Getting the rebound
Speed Athletics Running the 100m event
Badminton Receiving the drop shot
Baseball Stealing the base

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 Power Baseball Throwing a fast ball
Powerlifting Lifting weights

In taking part in any physical activity, it is essential to first observe safety measure to avoid unnecessary
injuries. Although certain injuries may not be avoided, most injuries can be prevented by observing good
judgment. The following are safety measures to avoid injuries:
1. Safety equipment. Have the appropriate gears for the type of activity such as clothing, shoes, and
protective gears that would prevent uneasiness and harm. Also take into consideration the activity
area.
2. Hydration. Keep your body hydrated with enough water or fluids during exercise or activity
especially during hot weather. Drink a cup of water minutes before exercise and every 15 minutes
during your exercise to help your body replenish lost fluids.
3. Perform moderate-intensity physical activity. It is better to perform physical activities with
moderate intensity on a regular basis rather than occasional strenuous activities. A vigorous workout
will tire your body easily and overstraining yourself can lead to injuries. It also causes nausea and
body pains that would not go away quickly. Maintain an exercise routine within comfort. Forcing
yourself with too much intensity just to attain goals quickly is a mistake.
4. Weather Condition. Wear appropriate clothes for the weather. The clothing you wear have to make
you feel a little cool at the start of exercise. Wear light-coloured clothes during sunny days as not
absorb too much heat and avoid overheating, and put on sun protection. During cold weather, a thermal
suit will help you keep warm. Avoid using thick clothes for it constrains perspiration and can cause
your body temperature to go up.

CHAPTER 10- ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT SPORTS EVENTS

Surely, there are sports people everywhere. Whether in school, office, or community, people enjoy
sports activities, such as intramurals. Aside from the fun, showcase of talents and skills, and having
a break from work and school lifeway sports event is also a good venue to develop camaraderie and
good relationships among peers.
In almost every school and big companies in the country, intramurals are commonly held to foster
good bond among students, teachers, employees, and staff. Behind these successful sports events
are the people who work hard and understand how to manage and organize these special events.

Management is a key factor to success in any physical and sports education programs. A sound
implementation is necessary to steer an essential, well-organized, and valuable program. This involves
collaboration of the administering body, the participants of physical education class, and other sports
programs. Management involves long-term strategic plans and programs, resources, financial, legal and
safety management, public relations, and promotion.
Organization is the structural planning of roles to implement necessary functions. The total
development of an individual is centered on a philosophically sound program structure and activities.

What is management?

Management deals with the tasks and accountabilities to accomplish the objectives through
cooperation. It requires harmonious effort amongst members to fulfil the target objective.

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 Importance of Management
1. Assists individuals to realize their objectives or goals.
2. Provides guidelines in the collaborative strengths of people.
3. Defines the group’s development, efficiency and accomplishment of goals.
4. Defines whether members within the group are contented, cooperating and productive.
Importance of Management in Sport’s Event
1. Management gives a grasp and value to the essential ides of the field’s discipline.
2. Understanding management helps an individual consider having a career in a certain field.
3. Majority of physical educators do certain work thus, skills in management will provide better
performance.
4. Management is vital to collaborative effort.
5. A grasp of management facilitates continuity.
6. Management skills help foster good human relation.

What are the functions of management?

Management involves five major functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.
1. In planning, program strategies are laid out to achieve the desired outcome. It includes processes
such as forecasting, developing objectives, and programming, scheduling, budgeting, and
formulating procedures.
2. Organizing aids in developing a group structure with definite scope of work for every member. This
includes the development of the organizational structure, delegation of responsibilities and work,
and the relationship among individuals.
3. Staffing is the recruitment, selection, and retention of members wherein they are given appropriate
assignment with proper training and professional development. It also concerns establishing an ideal
work environment and ensuring human resources to get the work done.
4. Leading is directing the organization to motivate and empower individuals in carrying out the
program. Leading includes decision-making, communication, selection of people, and enhancing
performance of individuals.
5. Controlling ensures proper plan execution within the goals of the organization. It requires
monitoring, assessment, evaluation, and feedback which can lead to re-engineering, reframing, or
rewarding. Managers should continuously be in control of what is happening under his/her
jurisdiction.

The Qualities of a Good Leader

1. Administrative mind- having an open mind and objectively evaluating circumstances.
2. Integrity- trustworthy of classified information, truthful, genuine, and committed to his/her words
3. Good human relations-gets along with others while instilling good relations
4. Healthy and fit- for an uninterrupted flow in getting a demanding job done
5. Ready to take on responsible-accountable to tasks and handling of personnel
6. Awareness of work- know-how on specific field of organization.
7. Intellectual capacity- competitiveness in thinking and logical reasoning, effective at imparting and
applying knowledge.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TOURNAMENT OFFICIALS
Tournament officials are in charge of officiating the event. They have an in-depth knowledge about the sport.
The responsibilities of tournament officials include:
 Enforcing the rules and regulation of the game;

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  Ensuring that the game is played safely and in order (i.e., prevent confrontations of players and
teams, check uniforms and equipment’s compliance with safety rules, and issues warnings and
corresponding penalties or ejection);
 Inspecting the safety of the field or facility;
 Managing time and communicating properly to the coaches and players and regulations of the
game.
Types of Officiating
Officiating is classified as outside officiating or professional officiating and self-officiating.
Outside officiating requires external officials, usually hired, or volunteers assigned by the
organizers to implement the rules and code of conduct of the game or the tournament. Normally, officials
are not related to any team so they can provide impartial decisions.
Self-officiating happens when there are no “outside” officials. Players officiate the games or run
the tournament. This is usually done during pick-up games with friends and may not be as effective
compared to outside officiating.
Kinds of officials
1. Court or field officials are officials within the game court or field, calling the violations and penalties.
They may be stationary or moving, depending on the sport (e.g., badminton-stationary or basketball-
moving).
2. Table officials are those who handle time, scores, review, and record statistics.
Bases of Good Sports Officiating
1. Ability-talent and competency for the job
2. Preparation-method of getting set ahead of time
3. Experience-acquired knowledge and capabilities from previous involvements in actual events
Qualities of an official
Here are some common qualities of a good official:
1. Confidence-has self-confidence and believes in his/her abilities to go beyond any adversities and
remains in control of the games. Bad calls made or setbacks do not make him/her lose confidence and
undermine his/her belief in what he/she does.
2. Consistency- calling violations and rulings constantly in similar situations, equally to the opposing
teams. Irregularity in officiating creates problems such as rage and frustration among coaches and
players and builds the perception of cheating.
3. Decisiveness-decision should be quick and simultaneous with the observed play. Too long to decide
may give a sense of indecision is, the more decisive it turns out to be.
4. Enjoyment/motivation-having fun and the sense of enjoyment translated to positivity and energy,
which leads to a high level of motivation.
5. Integrity-deciding games in an honest and impartial manner regardless of the regulations of a specific
sport. Knowledge helps resolve the legality of play. Good judgement attains complete focus on the
game, avoids distractions, and forgets previous calls and its reactions from those involved.
6. Judgement-requires an in-depth and continuing knowledge on rules and regulations of a specific
sport. Knowledge helps resolve the legality of play. Good judgement attains complete focus on the
game, avoids distractions, and forgets previous calls and its reactions from those involved.
7. Poise-staying unaffected by emotions and tensions to remain calm and poised regardless of situation.
8. Rapport-effectively relating with everyone by treating members of both teams with courtesy and
respect. Expect the same in return.
The following are major considerations in selecting types of competitions or tournament:
 Type of activity
 Number of competitors
 Available space and time

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 TOURNAMENT FORMATS
Challenge tournaments
This tournament has levels where winners go up and losers go down from their respective
positions. Winning is important to climb to the top. Tournament positions are usually occupied on a first-
come basis.
The General Rules
1. Players are not allowed to refuse a challenge.
2. Players are not allowed to play the same opposition twice consecutively.
3. The absence of a player may cause him/her to move down of position or be replaced by players
below him/her.
Types of challenge tournaments
1. Ladder tournament suits single player competitions like tennis or badminton where participants
challenge each other one-on-one match. Players move up or down the ladder depending on how
they fared in their matches. The player on top of the ladder will be declared the winner.
2. Pyramid tournament is almost similar to the ladder tournament except that has more players at
the lower level when the tournament except that it has more players at the lower level when the
tournament starts, then the number of players decreases as the level progresses. An individual can
challenge anybody within the horizontal level and the winner goes up to challenge the higher
level.
3. Spider Web tournament is a bracketing design taken from the shape of a spider web. The top
position is the center where players reach it through the lines drawn from the center. The
participant who gets to the center but a player coming from a loss can only challenge someone
from his/her own level. This type of tournament offers more competition.
Round-Robin Tournament
The round-robin tournament is the most commonly used and one of the top competitive tournament types
since it permits maximal play. All terms will play against each other at least once during the tournament and
the team with the most points will be the winner. Teams get corresponding game points from a win and a loss.
Round robin is ideally used for team competition playing not more than eight games.
1. Round Robin is a format where each team plays a number of games (n-1) depending on how many
teams are participating. Usually, team are divided into two groups (n-2) and ranked by game points.
Crossover games are then held with top team in a group plays, against the bottom team of another
group, and the second ranked teams playing against the third ranked teams from the opposite group.
2. Lombard Round Robin is a round robin variation used for limited allotted period. If full games are not
possible, mini games are played. All scored for or against points are recorded to determine the winning
team with the best ratio.
Elimination Tournaments
An elimination tournaments is for short round of matches. Single or pair loses instantly eliminate
participants. This is suitable for time-constrained events but is disadvantageous for maximal play.
General Guidelines
1. Draw is set up in even counts of brackets to the power of two (x2).
2. Brackets not used by teams constitute a bye.
3. All byes are generated from the top seeded teams.
4. The four top seeded teams are spaced in the draw so as not to play against each other until the later
rounds.
5. All game must be numbered to help the organization of the tournament.
Types of Elimination Tournaments
1. Single or straight elimination is when a player or a team loses, they get eliminated; the winning (player
or team) continues to play the next round. This happens until there is only one team left, which will be
declared the winner. It is the simplest to arrange and fastest way to proclaim a winner.
2. Double elimination is similar to single elimination except that a player or team gets eliminated after losing
twice.

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PREPARED BY: RAYMOND H. PANASAN CHECKED BY: RYAN GESULGA
P.E. Teacher MAPEH Coordinator

REVIEWED BY: JOSETTE JAN J. PAHILA

Academic Coordinator

APPROVED BY: CLARINELLE GRACE V. FABIOLAS

School Principal

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