Grade 10 Assessment Framework Physical Sciences June Examination 2023

PHYSICAL SCIENCES ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

GRADE 10 JUNE EXAMINATION 2024
ONE PAPER- PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY (3 HOURS)
QUESTION CONTENT MARKS
1 10 multiple choice questions (2 marks each) covering all topics below 20
2 Transverse pulses and waves 13
3 Sound 10
4 Electromagnetic radiation 20
5 Electrostatics 11
6 Electric circuits 20
7 States of matter and the kinetic molecular theory 8
8 Atomic structure, Periodic table 18
9 Chemical bonding 9
Physical and chemical change, representing chemical change,
10 21
quantitative aspects of chemical change
TOTAL 150

Skills in Physical Sciences

• Graphs:
o Interpret graphs.
o Draw sketch graphs from given information.
• Results:
o Identify patterns/relationships in data.
o Interpret results.
• Conclusions:
o Draw conclusions from given information, e.g. tables, graphs.
o Evaluate the validity of conclusions.
• Calculations:
o Solve problems using two or more different calculations (multistep calculations).
• Descriptions:
o Explain/Describe/Argue the validity of a statement/event using scientific
principles.
• Definitions and principles/laws:
o Define Physical Sciences concepts
o State principles or laws used in Physical Sciences

Transverse pulses on a string or spring

Pulse, amplitude
• Define a pulse, a transverse pulse, amplitude.
Superposition of pulses
• Define the principle of superposition, constructive interference, destructive interference.
• Apply the principle of superposition to pulses to explain, using diagrams, how two pulses that reach the
same point in the same medium superpose constructively and destructively and then continue in the
original direction of motion.

Transverse waves
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, period, wave speed
• Define a transverse wave, wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, crest, and trough of a wave.
• Explain the wave concepts in phase and out of phase.
• Identify the wavelength, amplitude, crests, troughs, points in phase and points out of phase on a drawing
of a transverse wave.
1 1
• Use the relationship between frequency and period, i.e., f = and T = , to solve problems.
T f
• Define wave speed.
• Use the wave equation v = fl to solve problems involving waves.

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Grade 10 Assessment Framework Physical Sciences June Examination 2023
Longitudinal waves
On a spring
• Define a longitudinal wave.
• Draw a diagram to represent a longitudinal wave in a spring, showing the direction of motion of the
wave relative to the direction in which the particles move.
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, period, wave speed
• Define the wavelength and amplitude of a longitudinal wave, a compression, a rarefaction.
• Differentiate between longitudinal and transverse waves.
• Define the period and frequency of a longitudinal wave.
1 1
• Use the relationship between frequency and period, i.e., f = and T = , to solve problems.
T f
• Use the wave equation, v = fl to solve problems involving longitudinal waves.
Sound
Sound waves
• Explain that sound waves are created by vibrations in a medium in the direction of propagation. The
vibrations cause a regular variation in pressure in the medium.
• Explain the relationship between wave speed and the properties of the medium in which the wave
travels (gas, liquid or solid).
• Describe echoes.
• Use the wave equation, v = fl to solve problems involving sound waves that also include echoes.
Pitch, loudness, quality (tone)
• Relate the pitch of a sound to the frequency of a sound wave.
• Relate the loudness of a sound to both the amplitude of a sound wave and the sensitivity of the
human ear.
• Relate quality of sound to the waveform as it appears to the listener.
• Distinguish between the shape of a pure note and the shape of a noise.
Ultrasound
• Describe sound with frequencies higher than 20 kHz up to about 100 kHz as ultrasound
• Explain how an image can be created using ultrasound.
• Describe some of the medical benefits and uses of ultrasound.
Electromagnetic radiation
Dual (particle/wave) nature of electromagnetic radiation
Explain that some aspects of the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation can best be explained using a wave
model and some aspects can best be explained using a particle model.
Nature of electromagnetic radiation
• Describe the source of electromagnetic waves.
• Describe how an electromagnetic wave propagates.
• State that these mutually regenerating fields travel through space at a constant speed of 3 x 108 m·s-1,
represented by c.
• List properties of electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic spectrum
• Given a list of different types of electromagnetic radiation, arrange them in order of frequency or
wavelength.
• Given the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, calculate the frequency and vice versa, using the
equation c = fl .
• Give an example of the use of each type of electromagnetic radiation.
• Indicate the penetrating ability of the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation and relate it to energy of
the radiation.
• Describe the dangers of gamma rays, X-rays, and the damaging effect of ultra-violet radiation on skin.
Nature of electromagnetic as particle
• Define a photon.
• Relate the energy of a photon to the frequency and wavelength of the light.
hc
• Calculate the energy of a photon using E = hf = where h = 6,63 x10-34 J·s.
l

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Grade 10 Assessment Framework Physical Sciences June Examination 2023

Electrostatics
Two kinds of charge
• State that:
o All materials contain positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons).
o Explain neutral (no net charge), positively charged and negatively charged objects.
• Describe how objects (insulators) can be charged by contact (or rubbing).
Charge conservation
• SI unit for electric charge.
• State the principle of conservation of charge.
• Apply the principle of conservation of charge.
Final charge after separation: Q = Q1 + Q2
2
NOTE: This equation is only true for identically sized conductors on insulated stands.
Charge quantization
• State the principle of charge quantization.
• Apply the principle of charge quantization: Q = nqe.
Force exerted by charges on each other (descriptive)
• State that like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
• Explain how charged objects can attract uncharged insulators.
Electric Circuits
Terminal potential difference and emf
• Define potential difference across the ends of a conductor, emf, terminal potential difference.
• Do calculations using V = W .
Q
Current
• Define current strength.
Q
• Calculate current strength in a conductor using the equation I = .
Dt
• Define one coulomb.
• Indicate the direction of conventional current (from positive to negative) in circuit diagrams using arrows.
Measurement of potential difference and current
• Draw a diagram to show how to correctly connect an ammeter to measure the current through a given
circuit element. An ammeter is connected in series and has a very low resistance.
• Draw a diagram to show how to correctly connect a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across
a given circuit element. A voltmeter is connected in parallel and has a very high resistance.
Resistance
• Define resistance.
• Explain that resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric charges.
• Define the unit of resistance.
• State and explain factors that affect the resistance of a given material.
• Explain why a battery in a circuit goes flat eventually by referring to the energy transformations that take
place in the battery and the resistors in a circuit.
Resistors in series
• Know that current is the same through each resistor in a series circuit.
• Describe series circuits as potential difference dividers because the total potential difference is
equal to the sum of the potential differences across all the individual components.
• Calculate the equivalent (total) resistance of resistors connected in series using Rs = R1 + R2 + …
Resistors in parallel
• Know that potential difference is the same across resistors connected in parallel.
• Describe parallel circuits as current dividers because the total current in the circuit is equal to the
sum of the branch currents.
• Calculate the equivalent (total) resistance of resistors connected in parallel using 1 = 1 + 1 + ...
R p R1 R 2

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 Grade 10 Assessment Framework Physical Sciences June Examination 2023

Matter and classification

The material(s) of which an object is composed
• Describe matter.
• Define properties of materials: strength, brittle, malleable, ductile, density.
• Define melting points and boiling points.
Pure substances: elements and compounds
• Use symbols to represent elements and compounds.
• Define an element, a compound, a pure substance.
• Classify given substances as pure or impure and as compounds or elements or mixtures.
Names and formulae of substances
• Write names of compounds from given formulae or write formulae of compounds from given names.
• Write names of ions from given formulae or formulae from given names.
• Write names of substances or ions ending on -ide, -ite and –ate.
• Write names of substances using the prefixes di-, tri-, etc.
Metals, metalloids, and non-metals
• Classify substances as metals, metalloids and non-metals using their properties.
• Identify the metals, their position on the periodic table and their number in comparison to the number of
non-metals.
• Identify the non-metals and their position on the periodic table.
• Identify the metalloids and their position on the periodic table.
Electrical conductors, semiconductors, and insulators
• Define the terms electrical conductor, semiconductor, and electrical insulator:
o Classify materials as electrical conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
o Give examples of electrical conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
Thermal conductors and insulators
• Define the terms thermal conductor and thermal insulator and give examples.
Magnetic and nonmagnetic materials
• Give examples of materials that are magnetic and non-magnetic.
• Give examples of the use we make of magnets in daily life.
States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Three states of matter
• Describe the particle nature of matter by referring to diffusion and Brownian motion.
• List and characterise the three states of matter.
• Define freezing point, melting point, and boiling point.
• Interpret/Draw heating and cooling curves and interpret data given on heating and cooling curves.
• Identify the physical state of a substance at a specific temperature, given the melting point and the
boiling point of the substance.
• Define melting, evaporation, freezing, sublimation, and condensation as changes in state.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Describe a solid, a liquid, and a gas according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory in terms of particles of
matter.
Atomic structure
Structure of the atom: protons, neutrons, electrons
• Define the atomic number.
• Given a periodic table or suitable data, determine for an atom / ion the atomic number, number of
protons, number of electrons, number of neutrons, mass number
• Determine the charge on an ion after removing electrons from or adding electrons to an atom.
Isotope
• Define isotopes and relative atomic mass.
• Calculate the relative atomic mass of naturally occurring elements from the percentage of each isotope
in a sample of the naturally occurring element and the relative atomic mass of each of the isotopes.
• Represent atoms using the notation AZ E .
Electron configuration
• Use Aufbau diagrams (orbital box diagrams) and the electron configuration notation (sp notation) to give
electronic arrangements of atoms up to Z = 20.
• State Hund’s rule and Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

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Grade 10 Assessment Framework Physical Sciences June Examination 2023

Periodic Table
The position of the elements in the periodic table related to their electronic arrangements.
• Describe the periodic table.
• Define the group number and the period number of an element in the periodic table.
• Describe periodicity from Li to Ar in terms of atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron-affinity, and
electronegativity.
• Define atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron-affinity, and electronegativity.
Similarities in chemical properties among elements in Groups 1, 2, 17 and 18
• Relate the electronic arrangements to the chemical properties of group 1, 2, 17 and 18 elements.
• Describe the trend in reactivity of elements in groups 1, 2 and 17.
• Predict chemical properties of unfamiliar elements in groups 1, 2, 17 and 18 of the periodic table.
• Indicate that metals, non-metals and transition metals are found in the periodic table.
Chemical bonding
Covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and metallic bonding
• Draw Lewis dot diagrams of elements.
• Define a chemical bond and a covalent bond.
• Draw Lewis dot diagrams of covalent molecules containing single, double and triple covalent bonds.
• Write names and formulae of covalent compounds.
• Define ionic bonding.
• Draw Lewis dot diagrams of cations and anions.
• Draw Lewis dot diagrams to show the formation of simple ionic compounds.
• Name ionic compounds based on the component ions.
• Describe the structure of the sodium chloride crystal.
• Define metallic bonding.
• Calculate relative molecular masses for covalent molecules e.g. Mr(HCℓ) = 35,5.
• Calculate relative formula masses for ionic compounds e.g. Mr(NaCℓ) = 57,5.
Physical and Chemical Change
Separation of particles in physical and chemical change
• Define a physical change.
• Describe the rearrangement of molecules during physical changes.
• Define a chemical change.
• Describe examples of a chemical change.
Conservation of atoms and mass
• Calculate relative molecular masses of reactants and products in balanced equations to illustrate that
atoms are conserved during chemical reactions, but not molecules.
Representing Chemical Change
Balanced chemical equations
• Write and balance chemical equations.
• Interpret balanced reaction equations in terms of conservation of atoms and conservation of mass (use
relative atomic masses)
Quantitative Aspects of Chemical Change
Atomic mass and the mole concept
• Describe the mole.
• Define one mole and relative atomic mass.
• Describe Avogadro’s number.
• Define molar mass
• Describe the relationship between molar mass and relative molecular mass and relative formula mass.
• Calculate the molar mass of a substance given its formula.
Molecular and formula masses
• Calculate mass, molar mass and number of moles according to the relationship n = m .
M
Molar volume of gases
• State Avogadro’s law.
• At STP: 1 mole of any gas occupies 22,4 dm3 at 0 °C (273 K) and 1 atmosphere (101,3 kPa). Thus, the
molar gas volume, VM, at STP = 22,4 dm3∙mol-1.
• Interpret balanced equations in terms of volume relationships for gases.

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