Instituto Superior del Profesorado

“Dr. Joaquín V. González”

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

LANGUAGE I “C”
PROF. PATRICIA NEGRO
 RESULT/CONSEQUENCE
• So PURPOSE
• Therefore • To
• Consequently • In order (not) to
• As a consequence • So as (not) to
• As a result • In order that
CONTRAST/CONCESSION • Such….. that • So that
• So…. that
• In spite of • With the aim of
• In such a way that
• Despite • With a view to
• Thus
• Although
• Hence
• Though
• In consequence
• Even though REASON
• Much as • Because
• For all • As
• Whereas • Since
• While CONNECTORS • On account of
• However, • Due to
• Nevertheless, • Owing to
• Nonetheless, ADDITION • Because of
• Even so, • For
• Furthermore
• All the same, • In that
• Moreover
• On the one hand, • Inasmuch as
• What is more
• On the other hand, • In so far as
• In addition (to this/that)
• On the contrary • Seeing that
• Besides (this)
• In contrast
• Also
• Yet
• As well (as this)
• Not only ….. but also
• Apart from this/that
• Another major reason
• Not to mention the fact that
 TO INTRODUCE CONTRASTING
TO LIST POINTS VIEWPOINTS
TO INTRODUCE POINTS
c
• In the first place, • It is argued that
• One major
• First, advantage/disadvantage of, • People argue that
• First of all, • Opponents of this view say
• A further advantage
• To start with,/ To begin with, • There are people who oppose
• One point of view in favour
• Firstly, of/against • Contrary to what most people believe,
• Secondly, • As opposed to the above-mentioned
• Thirdly, ideas,
• Finally,
• Lastly,
• Last of all, CONNECTORS
• Last but not least,

TO INTRODUCE EXAMPLES
• For example,
TO CONCLUDE • For instance,
TO REFER TO A POINT • As an example,
• In conclusion,
• To give an example,
• To conclude, • Regarding
• To illustrate,
• To sum up, • As regards
• Like
• In summary, • Concerning
• Especially
• All in all, • As far as ….. is concerned,
• Such as
• All things considered, • As to…
• In particular
• On the whole, • In relation/regard to
• A case in point
• Taking everything into • In connection with
account, • With respect to
• As was previously stated, regard
reference
 TO EMPHASIZE TO EXPRESS REALITY
• Obviously • In fact,
• Clearly, • As a matter of fact,
• Needless to say, • Actually,
• In particular • In practice

CONNECTORS
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
What is an adverbial clause?
✓ It is a dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.
✓ The clause fulfills the function of an adverb: they give information about the circumstances of an event.
✓ It is used to modify the verb in the independent clause and tells when (time), where (place), why (reason), for what purpose, for how long or how far.
✓ It is also used to express contrast, concession, result
✓ Adverbial clauses are made up of: subordinator + subject + verb + complement Eg. Because scientists are interested in the planes
✓ Since the adverbial clause is a dependent clause, it cannot stand alone. It has to be combined with a main clause to form a complex sentence.
E.g: Because scientists are interested in the planet, they send spacecraft to orbit them.
✓ Punctuation. There are two possible positions for an adverb clause: before or after the independent clause.

If it comes before the independent clause, it is followed by a comma As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
If it comes after the independent clause, no comma is used. E.g: We’re leaving as soon as he arrives

TYPES SUBORDINATOR EXAMPLES

After the subordinators until, before, as soon as, after, when, if, the present or
WHEN present perfect are used with present reference. Will does not follow these
WHILE subordinators.
TIME AS SOON AS
AS LONG AS The past tense is used when there is past reference.
BEFORE
AFTER Examples:
SINCE I will phone Mary as soon as I get home.
UNTIL I will phone Mary as soon as I have arrived home.
I got the results when I talked to the doctor.

EVERYWHERE
PLACE ANYWHERE
EVERYPLACE
WHERE (SPECIFIC)
WHEREVER (UNSPECIFIC)
MANNER AS
AS IF +S. Past (Unreal Present)
AS THOUGH +Past Perfect (Unreal Past)

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
TO
IN ORDER (NOT) TO + INFINITIVE
SO AS (NOT) TO

FOR + NOUN
-ING
(to talk about the function of sth or how something is used)

SO THAT + MODAL (CAN/ MAY/ MIGHT/ WILL)

(future reference)
(COULD/WOULD)
(past reference)

IN CASE+ Present tense (Future reference)

Past Simple (Past refefence)

With a view to/ with the aim of + ING

For fear that + might/ should
For fear of NOUN or ING
Prevent + noun+ from + v ing
Avoid + v ing
CLAUSES OF REASON
BECAUSE We can´t go to the party because we are going away that weekend.

AS + CLAUSE (S+V) As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.

SINCE Since we´ve got a few minutes to wait for the train, let´s have a cup of coffee

As and since are more formal than because

THE REASON FOR

THE REASON WHY

DUE TO Her success was due to her hard work

(frequently used His absence was due to the storm
after the verb to The cancellation of the concert was due to the pandemic.
be)
(avoid beginning a sentence with due to)

+ NOUN
Sue succeeded owing to her hard work
OWING TO + -ING The match was cancelled owing to the storm
Owing to staff shortages, there was no restaurant car on the train.
+ THE FACT THAT..

BECAUSE OF The trip was cancelled because of bad weather

CLAUSES OF RESULT
SUCH (A/AN) + ADJ + NOUN + (THAT)…

SO + ADJ or ADV + (THAT)…

SO MUCH/ MANY/LITTLE/ FEW + noun phrase

AS A RESULT,
CONSEQUENTLY, + CLAUSE
THEREFORE,

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (=CONTRAST/ UNEXPECTED RESULT)

-ING Despite/In spite of BEING ill, he went to work

DESPITE
(prep)
NOUN Despite/In spite of HIS ILLNESS, he went to work
+

IN SPITE OF
(prep) -THE FACT THAT Despite/In spite of THE FACT THAT he was ill,…………
+ CLAUSE (S + V)

-CLAUSE (S+V) Despite/In spite of he was ill,……….XXXX

Wrong!

DESPITE THIS / He was ill. Despite this, he went to work

IN SPITE OF THIS
Despite is a bit more
formal than in spite of.

(=A PESAR DE)

ALTHOUGH Although it was cold, we all went for a walk

EVEN THOUGH (stronger than + CLAUSE (S+V) Even though it was cold, we all went for a walk
although)
Though it was cold, we went for a walk
THOUGH (speech; more inf.)
Though can come at the end of the sentence, although and even though cannot
It was cold. We went for a walk, though
MUCH AS

(=AUNQUE)

HOWEVER, (formal)
Normally we don´t refund money without a receipt. However, on this occasion I´ll do it.
NEVERTHELESS, (very formal)
Normally we don´t refund money without a receipt. On this occasion, however, I´ll do it.
NONETHELESS, (very formal) + CLAUSE
(S+V) His car is old. It runs well, however.
Followed by a COMMA

(=SIN EMBARGO) However can go at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence
 HOWEVER,/ NO MATTER HOW
+ ADJ/ADV + S + May +Verb

ADJ/ADV+THOUGH/AS Skillful though/as he is, ………………

Cold though it was we went out.
ADJ/ ADV + AS/ THOUGH + SUBJ Bravely as/ though they fought, they had no chance of winning.
+ MAY+ VERB Strange though it may seem, I don’t like watching cricket.

CLAUSE + YET/BUT + CLAUSE He studied hard, but/yet he didn’t pass the test

WHILE
WHEREAS I like spending my holidays in the mountain whereas my brother prefers the mountain.

(To introduce two contrasting points,

which do not contradict each other.)

CONNECTORS: Correct the sentences if necessary:

1- In spite he revised hard for his exams, he didn’t pass.
2- He didn’t go to the party owing to he was tired.
3- Much as I approve of her enthusiasm, I’m worried she’ll overdo her weight-training.
4- Since it was late we decided to go home.
5- There are no grants available. Even so, you may be awarded a scholarship.
6- Airlines are offering cheap flights. Thus there has been an increase in the popularity of short holiday breaks.
7- Although his extended illness, he managed to complete his doctoral dissertation.
8- He took the first train in order to not be late.
9- Despite we lost, we celebrated
10- We are going to Spain for visiting my aunt.
EXERCISES: Go to https://app.wizer.me/learn/KOUCJN and do the exercises