8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 5_Week 5:
ELECTRICITY
Science – Grade 8 (PHYSICS)
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5_Week 5: Electricity
First Edition, 2020

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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Loida C. Aragon Iluminado B. Ariola,Jr.,
Elymor L. Baynosa Rowena M. Estrada
Editor: Ilma M. Ariola
Reviewers:
Illustrator: Mary Trixia Elyonne L. Baynosa
Layout Artist:
Plagiarism Detector Software: PlagiarismDetector.com
Grammar Software: CitationMachine.com
Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Wilfreda D. Bongalos, PhD, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Marcelita S. Dignos, Ed.D, CESE
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief : Oliver M. Tuburan, Ed.D.
EPSVR- Science : Jennifer S. Mirasol
EPSVR - LRMDS : Teresita Bandolon
ADM Coordinator : Marigold Cardente

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Department of Education – Region VII Central Visayas
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Tel No. (032) 410-4525
Email Address: [email protected]
 8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 5_Week 5:
Electricity
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science Grade 8-Physics Module on Electricity!

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This module is self-explanatory. You are
expected to encourage, assist and keep
track of the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

Notes to the Learners

As you go over to this weekly module, you
will be guided on the essential lessons you
need to know as a Grade 8 student. You are
expected to learn more independently.
Answer the activities and assessment with
outmost honesty.

Notes to the Facilitator/Parent

This module is self-explanatory. Please give
time to explain every lesson for
clarifications and provide proper guidance
to the learner in order to finish the task
given with utmost honesty and sincerity.

4
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
What I Know
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s in
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for
What’s More
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions to process what
Learned you learned from the lesson.

This gives the general statement of the

Generalization
lessons discussed.
What I
This section provides an activity which
Can Do
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

5
 Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
References

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Answer the pre-test to determine your prior knowledge about the
concepts included in this module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Perform all the activities provided in this module for you to gain more
knowledge about the topics.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Answer the post-test after each lesson to determine how much you
have understood and gained from the lesson.
7. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
8. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

6
Module 5: ELECTRICITY

https://energywatch-inc.com/electricity-pricing-market-drivers/

What I Need to Know

https://techforluddites.com/how-prepaid-cellphone-plans-work-and-how-they-
can-save-you-money/

Today cell phones have become quite a necessity where before it was
just a luxury. This magical packet which is commonly called android phones
comes with features that made communication fast and easy. Ideas can easily
be surfed in the net and making schoolwork easier.
Android phones may be advanced in terms of technology, but it still has
a simple feature just like with any other non-android phones. Do you know what
is it? It is the flashlight.
How important is the flashlight to you? Do you always keep a flashlight
with you? If you are to choose which flashlight would you like to have? A 1-
battery flashlight or a 2-battery flashlight?
You must have noticed that a 2-battery flashlight is brighter than a 1-
battery flashlight.
In this module you will be introduced on the relationship between current
and voltage.

7
 Moreover, you will learn the following:

Objectives:

1. Identify the parts of an electric circuit.

2. Describe the relationship between current and voltage.
3. Solve problems involving Ohm’s law.
4. Make a diagram of an electric circuit using the electrical symbols.

What I Know

Direction: Select the letter of the option that correctly answers the questions.

1. What law states that a current is directly proportional to the voltage?

A. Ohm’s law C. Kirchhoff’s law
B. Lenz’s law D. Coulomb’s law
2. Our electricity in the Philippines is 220 v. What is the unit v stands for?
A. velocity C. current
B. voltage D. resistance
3. Which one consumes the greatest electrical energy?
A. rice cooker C. radio
B. flashlight D. cell phone
4. If all are plugged to a 220-V outlet, which appliance will draw the greatest
amount of current?
A. rice cooker C. radio
B. flashlight D. cell phone
5. What instrument is used to measure the current in the circuit?
A. voltmeter C. ammeter
B. rheostat D. galvanometer
6. What instrument is used in measuring electric potential difference between
two points in an electric circuit?
A. galvanometer C. wattmeter
B. rheostat D. voltmeter

8
7. Two bulbs are connected and plugged to the outlet as shown in the figure
below. What observations is true about the current between the two bulbs?

Photo Credit: https://c03.apogee.net/mvc/home

A. they have the same current

B. they have the same voltage
D. they have the same brightness
8. The flashlight is switched on. How would you describe the connection in the
circuit?
A. Close circuit C. Open circuit
B. Semi-open circuit D. Random circuit
9. The current in the circuit is 2 amperes. What is the voltage if the resistance
is 1 ohm?
A. 2 volts C. 4 volts
B. 3 volts D. 6 volts
10. What will happen to the current in the circuit if you will increase the voltage?
A. The current will increase C. the current remains the same
B. The current will decrease D. the current will increase twice
11. What is the effect to the current in the circuit if you will decrease the voltage?
A. The current will increase C. the current remains the same
B. The current will decrease D. the current will increase twice
12. What is the unit for resistance?
A. Ampere C. voltage
B. Ohm D. watt
13. What is the resistance in the circuit if a 4 A rice cooker is plugged in a
220-v wall socket?
A. 880 ohms C. 224 ohms
B. 876 ohms D. 55 ohm
Answer Key on Page

9
 Week 5: CIRCUIT BASICS

https://www.britannica.com/technology/electric-circuit

What’s In

You must already have noticed that your cell phone won’t work if your
phone has run out of batteries or that your flashlight won’t light if your batteries
are all used up. What other gadgets that you can think of? If you look around in
your home, you might also notice that your wall clock needs batteries to run.
Some batteries are already rechargeable like the batteries in your phone or
even that we use for our wall clock.

If we are going to look deeper at the parts of the flashlight, the wall clock
or even your phone you will see the following parts. These are the switch,
connecting wire, battery or the source, and the bulb or the load. The word
source is often used to refer to your battery as well as the wall socket in an
electric circuit. While the word load is being used to refer to the lamp in the
flashlight, or of the clock, and any other appliance that used up the energy or
the potential difference in a circuit.

You may not know it but there’s a lot of electric circuit that you can
identify in your house. When you plugged in your radio, when you cook your
rice in a rice cooker and when switch on your lights all these made up an electric
circuit.

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 What’s New

The picture below is an example of a homemade flashlight. In this

picture you can see the battery, the connecting wires, the bulb and the switch.

https://byjus.com/physics/electric-circuit/

In this picture you can also see a close circuit and an open circuit.
Which picture is an open circuit? Which picture is a close circuit? When will
the lamp works in an open circuit or in a close circuit?

We can map out also the connections in this picture by using the
electrical symbols. Below is an example of a circuit diagram using the electrical
symbols.

https://search.creativecommons.org/search?q=simple%20electric%20circuit

11
 What is It

What is an electrical circuit made of? An electrical circuit is basically composed

of these things which are;

1. Source, it can be the battery or the electrical outlet at home or any power
supply. In the diagram below the battery symbol is represented with a long
and short parallel line. The long line represents the positive end of the
battery and the short line represents the negative end of the battery.
2. Load or the resistor, which can be the lamps, bulbs, and electrical
appliances at home in other words those that consume the energy provided
by the source.
3. Connectors, these are the connecting wires that connect the load to the
power source.
4. Switch, the part of the circuit that opens or closes to allow the current to
pass through.

A close circuit is when the switch is on and allows the electric current to
flow in the circuit. So, when you switch on your lamp you are therefore closing
the circuit. And when you switch off your lamp you are opening the circuit
thereby stopping the flow of current in the circuit.

Here are some of the common electrical symbols which you will be
needing to understand some of the concepts that will be discussed here.

Electrical Symbols

single battery Connecting wire Resistor

battery Open switch Closed switch

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 Georg Simon Ohm

Georg Simon Ohm studied the relationship between current and voltage
and found out that the electric potential difference between two points on a
circuit (ΔV) is equivalent to the product of the current (I) and the total resistance
of all electrical devices present between those two points (R). And this is
referred to as the Ohm’s law. This law can be represented as:

∆𝑉 = 𝐼 . 𝑅

∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
It can be rewritten as: 𝑅 = or 𝐼=
𝐼 𝑅

Where, V = electric potential difference or the voltage

I = current
R = resistance

The units used are:

V= Volts
I = ampere
R= ohms

Let us further analyze this relationship between current, voltage and the
resistance

No. of No. of Voltage Current Resistance

lamps Batteries (v) (A) (ohms/ Ω )

1.5 v 0.5 A 3Ω

3.0v 1.0 A 3Ω

4.5 A 1.5 A 3Ω

From the table we noticed that there is only one lamp used however,
the voltage is increased as more batteries were added. What is the effect on
current as the voltage is increased?
We see that as the voltage is increased the current increases.
However, the resistance remains the same as there is no increase of the
number of lamps.

13
 voltage and current graph
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4

voltage current

*Current increases as voltage increases

No. of No. of Voltage Current Resistance

lamps Batteries (v) (A) (ohms/ Ω)

1.5 v 0.50 A 3Ω

1.5 v 0.25 A 6Ω

1.5 v 0.17 A 9Ω

In this table you will notice an increase on the number of lamps but the
same amount of voltage. Will the lamps get brighter as you add more lamps in
the circuit? What is the effect on the current when you added more
resistance? In the table you can see that the current is getting less as more
resistance is added.
Therefore, we can say that the current is directly proportional to voltage
but inversely proportional to the resistance in the electric circuit.

14
 resistance vs current graph
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4

resistance current

*Current decreases as resistance increases

So, if you want to have a brighter flashlight which will you increase the
number of lamps or the number of batteries?
The electric current in the circuit can also be measured using the
ammeter. This instrument is named after Andre-Marie Ampere. He’s a French
physicist who discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism
while voltmeter is also the device used to measure the presence of voltage in
the circuit and the unit used is volt.

Sample problem:
1. What is the voltage across a bulb with a resistance of 115 Ω when the
current flowing through it is 1.5 A?

From the data; I= 1.5 A R= 115 Ω

Using Ohm’s law equation 𝑉 = 𝐼. 𝑅
Substituting the formula; 𝑉 = 1.5 𝐴 𝑥 115 Ω
𝑉 = 172.5 v

2. A refrigerator is plugged into the wall with a voltage of 220 v. What is

the resistance if the refrigerator has a current of 4 A?

Data: V= 220 v I= 4 A

𝑉
𝑅= 𝐼
220 𝑣
=
4𝐴
15
 = 55 Ω
3. An electric iron has a resistance of 45 Ω , what is the current it draws
when you plugged it to your 220v wall socket?

Data: R= 45 Ω V= 220 v
𝑉
𝐼= 𝑅
220𝑣
=
45 Ω
= 4.88 𝐴

We are often surprised when we touch an aging cord and got ourselves
an electric shock. Why is that so? How can energy be carried from one end of
the wire to the other end?

The energy carriers are the free electrons that are not held on tight by
the nucleus of an atom. And these are the metallic elements and that is why
connecting wires uses metals for they conduct electricity because of their free
electrons. The most common metal for electricity is the copper or the silver. And
it needs 6.3 x 1018 electrons to make a 1 coulomb of electric charge.

What’s More

Analyze and answer the following based from the discussions on the
given topics. Refer to the answer key to check on your answers. Good Luck!

Activity 5.1 Making a Schematic Diagram

Directions: Using the electrical symbol from the table above, draw the
schematic diagram of the given circuits. Number one is already done for you.

single battery Connecting wire Resistor

battery Open switch Closed switch

16
 In these modern times we found it difficult not to use our light bulbs or
lamps and other appliances at home. We even have a flashlight for use in case
of sudden power outages. How do we draw the schematic diagram of a
flashlight with a battery? What about that of a lampshade?

Gadget/ Appliance Schematic Diagram

1. A flashlight has a switch, Switch
connecting wire, lamp and
batteries. Battery
light bulb

Using one battery (switched off) connecting wire

2. lamp shade
using 2 batteries and
switched on (close circuit)

Activity 5.2 Problem Solving

Problem Solving: 5

1. A small light bulb is connected to a 6 V battery and draws 2 A of current.

What is the net resistance of the bulb?
2. Determine the amount of current going through a 50 Ω; resistor with a
voltage of 120 V.
3. How much voltage would be necessary to generate 10 amperes of
current in a circuit that has 5 ohms of resistance?

17
 What I have Learned

Let’s further check your understanding on the concepts of Ohm’s law

and circuit diagram.
Direction: Read each statement. Write true if the underlined word made the
statement true and write the correct on the space after each statement if the
statement is false.
1. George Semone Ohm formulated the Ohm’s law. ____________
2. The current increases when resistance increases. ____________
3. The resistance is inversely proportional to current. ____________
4. The current is directly proportional to voltage. ____________
5. The battery open and closes the electric circuit. ____________
6. The wall outlet is an example of a load in a circuit. ____________
7. To solve for resistance the formula is R=I/V. ____________
8. In a close circuit the lamp will not light. ____________
9. The unit for current is voltage. ____________
10. A flashlight is a simple circuit. ____________

Generalization

Parts of an electric circuit

Photo Credit: https://c03.apogee.net/mvc/home

18
 The parts of a simple electric are the following: Source (wall
socket, battery), switch, loads (lamps, bulbs, appliances at home),
and the connecting wires.

The Common Electrical Symbols

single battery Connecting wire Resistor

battery Open switch Closed switch

Ohms law states that the current through a conductor between two
points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
𝑉
In mathematical equation it is being explained as: 𝐼 =
𝑅
𝑉
Or can be derived as: 𝑉 = 𝐼. 𝑅 𝑅=
𝐼

19
 What can I do

Do these:

1. Flashlights have become a necessity especially during a power failure.

However, when you switch it on it did not work. What will you do?

A. Check the batteries D. Check the switch

B. Check the connecting wires E. all of the above
C. Check the bulbs F. None of the above

Explain your answer in the following.

2. You switched on the lights in your room and it did not work. What will
you do?

3. You switched on the electric fan in your room and it failed to function.
What will you do?

20
 Post- Assessment

This portion of the module, you need to answer them accurately and honestly.
Your teacher will check and record the results of your assessment test.

Test I. Draw the Schematic diagram of the following: Label the parts. (4 pts.
each)
Gadget/ Appliance Schematic Diagram

1. lamp shade
using one battery (closed circuit)

2. Cell phone
(closed circuit)

3. Wall clock
using 1 battery (switched off)

4. Electric fan
using batteries (switched off)

Test II. Problem Solving: Analyze the given problem then give data and the
formula that you use in answering the problem. (4 pts per number.)
1. What is the current running in the circuit if the voltage is 120 v and the
resistance is 40 ohms?

21
2. What is the voltage if the refrigerator has a current of 4.5 amperes and offer
a resistance of 27 ohms?
3. The toy car has a current of 1.5 A and the resistance of 6 ohms. What is the
voltage needed by the toy car? How many dry cells is needed if each dry
cell has a voltage of 1.5 v?

Test III. Fill in the table below:

Appliances Voltage Current Resistance

(volts/ v) (ampere/A) (ohms/ Ω)
4. Microwave 220 v 44 ohms
5. Ceiling fan 220 v 82 ohms
6. Clothes Iron 220 v 48 ohms

7. Which among the appliances draws in a lot of current? ___________

8. Which among the appliances needs less energy? Why?
________________________________________________________

22
 ANSWER KEY (Student’s guide)

Pre-Assessment Activity 5.1

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. D

Activity 5.2
1. Given: V= 6 v I= 2 A R=? 2. Given: V= 120 v R= 50 Ω I= ?
Solution: Solution:
R= V/I I= V/R
R=3A I= 2.4 A

3.Given: I= 10 A R= 5 ohms (Ω)

Solution:
V= IR
= 10 A (5 Ω)

What I have learned:

1. Georg Simon Ohm
2. Decreases
3. True
4. True
5. Switch
6. Source
7. R=V/I
8. Open circuit
9. Ampere
10. True

23
 Answer Key (for the teacher only)

What I can Do:

1. All of the above
2. Answer may vary
3. Answer may vary

Post-Assessment Test
Test I.
1. 2.

3.
4.

II. Problem Solving:

1. V= 120 v R= 40 Ω I= ? 2. I= 4.5 A R= 27 Ω V= ?
I= V/R V= IR
=3A V= 121. 5 v

3. I= 1.5 A R= 6 Ω
V= IR
V= 9 v (6 dry cells are needed)

III. Fill in the table

4. I= 5 A
5. 2.68 A
6. 4.58 A

24
 7. Microwave
8. Ceiling fan (it draws in lesser amount of current)

References:

DepEd. Science and Technology IV. SEDP Series. (1992). Philippines: Book
Media Press, Inc.

Republic of the Philippines. Department of Education. Science 8 Learner’s

Materials. Retrieved from
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/u11I2c.cfm

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Series Circuit/Parallel Circuit

Series-Website

Parallel-Website

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Project EASE

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Quarter-Elements-and-the-Periodic-Tablepdf/

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MODULE-1-AQSdocx/

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voltage-ohms-law-inversely-proportional-voltage-power-formula.html

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/ohm-s-law-
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a-q18743086

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https://brainly.com/question/12889850

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https://infidels.org/library/modern/graham_oppy/tipler.html

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https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/ohm-s-law-
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a-q18743086

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voltage-or-current-affect-the-power

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voltage-is-increased-and-the-resistance-remains-constant

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circuit.html

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