ABARDO, MELVIN JAY O.

III – BSABE 2

ABE 52: AB Products Processing and Storage

Laboratory Exercise No. 1: Lab Safety and the use of Personal Protective Equipment

Introduction

Laboratory works involve a lot of risks and hazards through experiments in a laboratory
in order to acquire the outcome that we are trying to produce. Therefore, Lab Techniques &
Safety are skills and preventive measurements that we have to know and apply before, during,
and after doing an experiment. It is important to know the different techniques and safety
measurements to avoid accidents and injuries that might happen while performing any activities
in the laboratory. Lab Techniques & Safety procedures involve wearing proper PPE and
clothing, proper disposal of materials used, appropriate usage of laboratory equipment, being
knowledgeable of hazards and risks in the laboratory, MSDS, or the material safety data sheet- in
knowing different chemicals, and etc.

Laboratory safety involves the development of skills and responsibility and must be an
integral part of every Laboratory curriculum. Laboratory Safety is a very important aspect of
science. Without it, experimentation could result in very serious injury. A clean, uncluttered
laboratory is more likely to encourage careful work Development of safety skills may be divided
into four emphasis areas: Recognize Hazards, Assess Risks, Minimize Risks, and Prepare for
Emergencies.

Objectives

a. To know the proper/appropriate clothing and PPE inside the laboratory.

b. To discern the different risks and hazards that are commonly happening in the laboratory.
c. To understand the importance of safety in the laboratory, promote safety awareness and
encourage safe working practices in the laboratory through a literature review and
presentation of some generally accepted safe and good laboratory practices.

Part 1: Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a critical component in ensuring workplace

safety by providing a protective barrier between individuals and potential hazards. It
encompasses a range of specialized gear, including helmets, gloves, eye protection, and
respiratory devices, designed to mitigate the risks of injuries and exposure to harmful substances.
The primary purpose of PPE is to safeguard workers in various industries, from construction and
manufacturing to healthcare and emergency services. Proper selection, use, and maintenance of
PPE are essential to its effectiveness, and workers play a vital role in adhering to safety protocols
and utilizing the appropriate gear for their tasks. By prioritizing the use of PPE, organizations
can significantly reduce the incidence of accidents, protect the health of their employees, and
foster a safer working environment.

Purpose of using PPE

The main objective of employing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is to ensure the
safety of workers by creating a protective shield against potential workplace hazards. Serving as
a crucial barrier, PPE acts as a defense mechanism, shielding individuals from diverse
environmental and job-specific risks. Its significance lies in its ability to prevent injuries,
illnesses, and the exposure to harmful substances that may pose threats in various work settings.
Through the utilization of suitable PPE, individuals can substantially decrease the probability of
accidents occurring, contributing to the maintenance of a secure and healthful work environment.
In essence, PPE stands as a frontline defense, promoting the well-being of workers and fostering
a culture of safety within the workplace.

Proper use of PPE

Ensuring the proper usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is crucial for maximizing
its effectiveness in safeguarding individuals. Key guidelines encompass selecting the appropriate
PPE for specific hazards, ensuring proper fit, and providing comprehensive training on its correct
use and maintenance. Adhering to these guidelines is essential for maintaining a safe work
environment and minimizing the risks associated with potential workplace hazards. Key
guidelines for the proper use of PPE include:

• Selection: Choose the right type of PPE for the specific hazards present.

• Fit: Ensure that the PPE fits properly to provide adequate protection.

• Wearing: Wear PPE consistently in designated areas and situations.

• Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain PPE to ensure it remains in good condition.

• Training: Provide training to workers on the correct use and limitations of their assigned
PPE.

Choosing the right PPE and Management of PPE

Choosing the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) necessitates a thorough assessment
of workplace hazards to identify potential risks. It is crucial to recognize that various tasks may
demand different types of protective gear tailored to specific hazards. Effective management of
PPE involves not only the initial selection but also encompasses regular maintenance, inspection,
and replacement, ensuring sustained protection against evolving workplace dangers. Proper
management of PPE includes:

• Conducting a risk assessment to identify potential hazards.

• Selecting PPE that adequately addresses identified risks.

• Providing training on the proper use, care, and limitations of the chosen PPE.

• Establishing a system for regular inspection, maintenance, and replacement of PPE.

• Ensuring that workers understand the importance of using the right PPE for their tasks.

Personal Protective Equipment Checklist and Role of Worker

Utilizing a Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Checklist proves instrumental in

guaranteeing comprehensive measures are implemented to safeguard workers. The checklist
serves as a systematic tool for identifying, selecting, and maintaining appropriate PPE based on
specific workplace hazards. Its application ensures a methodical approach to workplace safety,
reducing the likelihood of oversights and promoting a secure working environment. This
checklist may include:
 • Identification of specific hazards in the workplace.

• Selection of appropriate PPE for each hazard.

• Ensuring proper fit and comfort of PPE.

• Regular maintenance and inspection schedules.

• Worker responsibilities, including wearing and caring for assigned PPE.

• Reporting any issues or concerns related to PPE to supervisors.

• The role of the worker in PPE usage involves:

• Following established guidelines for wearing and maintaining PPE.

• Attending training sessions on the correct use of PPE.

• Informing supervisors of any discomfort, damage, or issues with PPE.

• Understanding the importance of PPE in preventing workplace injuries and illnesses.

• Taking personal responsibility for their safety by consistently using assigned PPE.

Types of PPE for Laboratory and Industrial Workers

Respiratory Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) is a

protective subset of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
equipment specifically crafted to shield individuals from
airborne contaminants like fumes, asbestos,
hazardous chemicals, dust, and infectious
substances. It also safeguards against low
oxygen levels, as encountered in confined spaces
and diving work. RPE falls into two main
categories: respirators, which filter contaminants
from the workplace air, and breathing
apparatuses, which supply users with
uncontaminated air from an independent source.

Non- Non-respiratory protective equipment

respiratory encompasses a variety of gear designed to shield
protective individuals from workplace hazards that do not
equipment involve airborne contaminants. This category
includes items such as helmets, gloves, eye
protection, and body armor, depending on the
nature of the risks present. Unlike respiratory
protective equipment, these items focus on
protecting different parts of the body and are
essential for ensuring comprehensive safety in
various work environments.
 Head Head protection is a critical component of
Protection personal protective equipment designed to
safeguard individuals from head injuries in the
workplace. Helmets, hard hats, and bump caps
are common forms of head protection, each
serving specific purposes. These devices are
constructed with durable materials and often
feature suspension systems to absorb impact
energy, providing essential defense against
falling objects, electrical hazards, and other
potential dangers that could lead to head injuries.

Eye and Face Personal protective equipment (PPE) for eye and
Protection face protection is designed to safeguard
individuals from potential hazards that may
affect the eyes and face in the workplace. This
includes safety glasses, goggles, face shields,
and full-face respirators. Safety glasses and
goggles provide protection against impact, flying
particles, and chemical splashes, while face
shields offer additional coverage for the entire
face.

Foot and Leg Personal protective equipment (PPE) for foot

Protection and leg protection is designed to minimize the
risk of injuries to the lower extremities in
various work environments. This category
includes safety footwear, such as steel-toe boots
or shoes, which provide protection against
crushing injuries and impacts. Additionally, leg
protection may involve the use of leg guards or
leggings to shield against cuts, abrasions, or
other hazards. The appropriate PPE for foot and
leg protection should be selected based on the
specific risks present in the workplace, ensuring
that workers are adequately safeguarded from
potential injuries to these areas.

Hand and Personal protective equipment (PPE) designed

Arm for hand and arm protection is essential to
Protection mitigate workplace hazards. This category
encompasses a range of gear, such as gloves,
sleeves, and gauntlets, tailored to specific tasks
and risks. For instance, cut-resistant gloves are
suitable for handling sharp objects, while
chemical-resistant gloves provide protection
against hazardous substances. The selection and
utilization of appropriate hand and arm PPE are
 critical in ensuring effective safeguarding
against injuries and exposure in diverse work
environments.

Hearing Personal protective equipment (PPE) dedicated

Protection to hearing protection plays a vital role in
minimizing the risk of noise-induced hearing
loss in workplaces with elevated noise levels.
This category encompasses earplugs and
earmuffs, each designed to reduce the intensity
of loud noises that can pose a threat to auditory
health. Earplugs are inserted into the ear canal,
acting as a physical barrier, while earmuffs
cover the ears externally, creating a soundproof
seal. The careful selection and proper use of
hearing protection PPE are essential components
of ensuring the well-being of workers and
maintaining compliance with safety regulations.

Body and Personal protective equipment (PPE) for body

Skin and skin protection is essential to minimize the
Protection risk of injuries and exposure to harmful
substances in various work environments. This
category includes items such as coveralls,
aprons, vests, and full-body suits. These
protective garments shield the body and skin
from hazards such as chemicals, biological
agents, and physical abrasions. The selection of
appropriate body and skin protection PPE
depends on the specific tasks and risks present,
emphasizing the need for proper use to ensure
comprehensive safety for workers in their
respective work settings.

Fall Personal protective equipment (PPE) for fall

Protection protection is specifically designed to prevent
injuries resulting from falls in the workplace.
Common items in this category include safety
harnesses, lanyards, and fall arrest systems.
Safety harnesses are worn around the torso and
securely attach to a fixed anchor point, providing
a means of support and preventing falls from
elevated surfaces. Lanyards and fall arrest
systems further enhance fall protection by
limiting the distance of a potential fall and safely
arresting the fall should it occur, emphasizing
the importance of proper selection and usage in
safeguarding workers from the risks associated
with working at heights.
Smart PPE

PPE for Hazmat Personal protective equipment (PPE) for

Workers hazardous materials (hazmat) workers is
specifically designed to provide
comprehensive protection against exposure
to dangerous substances. This specialized
PPE typically includes chemical-resistant
suits, gloves, boots, and respirators. The
chemical-resistant suits act as a barrier
against harmful liquids and gases, while
gloves and boots prevent skin contact with
hazardous materials. Respirators, equipped
with appropriate filters, ensure that hazmat
workers breathe uncontaminated air. The
selection and use of hazmat PPE are
critical in ensuring the safety and health of
workers dealing with potentially harmful
substances.

Smart Clothing Smart clothing in Personal Protective

in PPE Equipment (PPE) refers to innovative
garments equipped with advanced
technologies to enhance safety and
functionality in various work
environments. These garments may
incorporate sensors, embedded electronics,
and communication capabilities to monitor
and respond to changing conditions. Smart
PPE can include features such as
temperature regulation, biometric
monitoring, and real-time data
transmission. The integration of
technology into PPE aims to improve
worker safety, provide early warnings of
potential hazards, and enhance overall
performance and comfort in demanding
work situations.

Smart PPE for Smart Personal Protective Equipment

Fire fight (PPE) for firefighters integrates advanced
Workers technologies to enhance safety,
communication, and performance in
challenging environments. These
innovations may include heat-resistant and
sensor-equipped suits, providing real-time
data on temperature, heart rate, and
environmental conditions. Augmented
reality (AR) visors can offer enhanced
visibility by overlaying critical information
onto the firefighter's field of view.
Communication systems embedded in the
 PPE enable seamless coordination among
team members, and GPS tracking helps
monitor their location within a structure.
The integration of smart technologies in
firefighter PPE aims to improve situational
awareness, increase response efficiency,
and ultimately enhance the safety and
effectiveness of firefighting operations.

Part 2: Lab Safety

General Guidelines

Organization ➢ Establish and communicate clear safety policies.

➢ Conduct regular safety training for all personnel.
➢ Foster a safety-conscious culture with open communication.
➢ Implement routine safety audits and inspections.
➢ Encourage reporting of hazards and incidents promptly.

Personnel ➢ Ensure thorough training for each employee's specific role.

➢ Emphasize individual responsibility for safety.
➢ Enforce the consistent use of appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE).
➢ Promote a proactive approach to identifying and addressing safety
concerns.
➢ Recognize and reward safety-conscious behavior.

➢ Wear task-appropriate clothing and proper PPE.

➢ Avoid loose or dangling clothing that may pose a risk.
Clothing ➢ Adhere to dress code guidelines for safety.
➢ Regularly inspect and replace damaged or worn-out PPE.
➢ Provide training on the correct donning and doffing of PPE.

Accidents and Injury ➢ Report all incidents promptly, regardless of severity.

➢ Conduct routine safety drills and emergency response training.
➢ Provide immediate first aid and seek medical attention as needed.
➢ Implement a system for documenting and analyzing incidents.
➢ Establish a clear protocol for returning to work after an injury.

Handling Chemicals ➢ Follow precise storage and handling procedures for chemicals.
➢ Utilize correct PPE, including gloves and eye protection.
➢ Understand the properties and hazards of each chemical used.
➢ Implement a system for labeling and categorizing chemicals.
➢ Conduct regular training on emergency response for chemical
spills.

Handling Glassware ➢ Inspect glassware for any damage before use to ensure integrity.
➢ Handle glassware cautiously, employing proper techniques to
prevent accidental breakage.
➢ Properly dispose of broken glass following established protocols,
emphasizing safety in cleanup procedures.
 ➢ Store glassware securely, minimizing the risk of accidental
collisions.
➢ Implement a reporting system for damaged or compromised
glassware for prompt replacement.

Handling substances ➢ Understand the properties and risks of handled substances through
comprehensive training.
➢ Use proper containment measures for hazardous materials,
including appropriate storage and transport.
➢ Adhere to established protocols for handling, storage, and disposal
to minimize environmental impact.
➢ Implement a labeling system for substances, promoting easy
identification and safe handling.
➢ Conduct regular risk assessments to update protocols based on
changing substances and industry standards.

Equipment safety ➢ Regularly inspect and maintain all equipment, scheduling routine
checks to identify potential issues.
➢ Provide comprehensive training on equipment operation,
emphasizing safety protocols and best practices.
➢ Adhere to manufacturer guidelines for usage and maintenance,
ensuring equipment longevity.
➢ Implement a system for reporting malfunctioning equipment
promptly for timely repairs or replacements.
➢ Regularly update equipment manuals and procedures, keeping
personnel informed of the latest safety recommendations.

Electrical safety ➢ Inspect electrical equipment for any signs of damage, addressing
issues promptly to prevent hazards.
➢ Use grounded outlets and adhere to correct voltage levels to
mitigate electrical risks.
➢ Follow lockout/tagout procedures during maintenance, preventing
accidental startup of machinery.
➢ Conduct regular electrical safety training for personnel to enhance
awareness and understanding.
➢ Implement a system for reporting electrical malfunctions for
immediate attention and resolution.

Evacuation plan ➢ Establish and communicate clear evacuation routes, ensuring

awareness among all personnel.
➢ Conduct routine drills to ensure familiarity with evacuation
procedures and enhance response times.
➢ Designate assembly points for personnel after evacuation,
facilitating accountability and headcount.
➢ Periodically review and update the evacuation plan based on
changes in the workplace or personnel.
➢ Implement a system for individuals with specific roles during
evacuations, enhancing overall effectiveness.

Medical emergency ➢ Clearly display emergency contact information, including relevant

 phone numbers and locations.
➢ Provide training in basic first aid and CPR for designated
personnel, fostering a quick and effective response.
➢ Ensure quick access to medical facilities and supplies, maintaining
well-stocked first aid kits.
➢ Regularly conduct drills for medical emergencies, simulating
various scenarios for preparedness.
➢ Establish communication protocols for notifying emergency
services promptly during medical incidents.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the inquiries about Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) have highlighted
the paramount importance of workplace safety across various industries. These discussions
underscore the critical role PPE plays in mitigating risks and preventing injuries. The guidelines
provided for organization, personnel, clothing, accidents, handling chemicals, glassware,
substances, equipment, electrical safety, evacuation plans, and medical emergencies emphasize
the multifaceted nature of safety protocols. The need for meticulous inspection, regular training,
and adherence to established protocols emerges as a common theme. The tailored guidelines for
specific contexts, such as handling glassware or substances, demonstrate the importance of
context-aware safety measures. Incorporating technological advancements, as seen in smart PPE
for firefighters, reflects the ongoing evolution of safety practices. The concise summaries for
each topic offer actionable insights, emphasizing the significance of proactive measures, from
clothing choices to evacuation plans. Addressing potential risks in the workplace, including
electrical hazards and medical emergencies, emphasizes the holistic approach needed for
comprehensive safety. Overall, these discussions emphasize that fostering a safety-conscious
culture, coupled with consistent training and adherence to guidelines, is crucial for creating and
maintaining a secure work environment. Recognizing the value of PPE as a frontline defense
underscores the collective responsibility of organizations, personnel, and regulatory bodies in
ensuring the well-being of workers across diverse occupational settings.

REFERENCES

https://sciencenotes.org/lab-safety-rules-and-guidelines/#google_vignette

https://courses.washington.edu/envh557/Class%20Documents/11-ProtectiveClothing.pdf

https://www.hsa.ie/eng/publications_and_forms/publications/chemical_and_hazardous_substances/a_guid
e_to_non-
respiratory_personal_protective_equipment_ppe_for_use_with_chemical_agents_in_the_workplace.pdf

https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/osha3151.pdf